William Bridges Transition Model

William Bridges Transition Model
Managing Transitions by William Bridges is a well–constructed text written on Change
Management. Bridges begins by expressing the clear distinction between "change" and "transition",
with emphasis that change and transition are not interchangeable terms, but completely separate
processes. The concept, according to Bridges, is simple: Change is situational, it is eventful, visible
and tangible. Change is the WHAT. Transition is psychological, a continuous process that happens
over a span of time, it is internalized by people. Transition is the HOW. Transition is internal, it is
what happens to the person mentally as they process the change.
"Change is situational: the move to a new site, the retirement of a founder, the reorganization of the
roles on the team, the revisions to the pension plan."
"Transition is psychological: a three–phase process people go through as they internalize and come
to terms with the details of the new situation that the change brings about."
Bridges says that these phases have no sequential order of occurrence and the people will go through
transition at their own pace. It is not uncommon for an organization to be in more than one phase in
the transition process at a given time. This simply depends on how each team has handled the
change, some people may have already started the Neutral Zone while others are still lagging behind
in the Ending phase. Bridges' Transition Model is illustrated in figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1 (photo credit:
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Paper Display The Adjusted Fix Radio Wire For 3ghz Recurrence
The paper display the adjusted fix radio wire for 3GHz recurrence, in the paper distinctive
methodologies is delivered by fluctuating opening and DGS into the reception apparatus, proposed
recieving wire gives double band operation and shows great recreated comes about for two
recurrence groups. Return loss of conclusive outline was – 11.75 dB for 3 GHz recurrence and
VSWR of 1.68 and – 17.86dB and VSWR of 1.28 for 5GHz frequency.[7] In the paper DGS is
utilized to builds the pick up and diminishes the misfortunes in the reception apparatus misfortunes
in the radio wire reductions to 16dB in the wake of applying DGS transfer speed of the recieving
wire is marginally lessened the proposed radio wire reproduced utilizing HFSS programming ...
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[11] Paper is to outline an alternate microstrip fix recieving wire with Defect Ground Structure
(DGS) for productive rectenna plan. This reception apparatus having the property of high music
dismissal at undesirable frequencies at 2.0131GHz, and 2.457GHz, 2.565GHz as the composed
recurrence is 1.3 GHz and return misfortune is diminished around 43.17%by the DGS structure.[12]
An I–molded microstrip line is utilized to energize the square opening. The turned square opening is
inserted amidst the ground plane, and its slanting focuses are embedded amidst the strip line and
ground plane. To build the increase, four L–formed openings are scratched in the ground plane. The
deliberate outcomes demonstrate that the proposed structure holds a wide impedance data transfer
capacity of 88.07%, which is 20%better than the reference recieving wire. The normal pick up is
likewise expanded, which is around 4.17 dBi with a steady radiation design in the whole working
band. [13]. The proposed reception apparatus has little in size and works at 2.25GHz, 3.76GHz and
5.23GHz appropriate for versatile satellite administration (MSS) system, WiMAX and WLAN
applications ,In the paper, the plan of a coaxial nourish single layer rectangular microstrip fix
recieving wire for three diverse remote correspondence band

Data Partition Properties And Its Structure For Preparing...
Map/Reduce is a structure for preparing parallelizable issues crosswise over gigantic datasets
utilizing a substantial number of PCs (hubs), all things considered alluded to as a group i.e. if all
hubs are on the same local network and use the same hardware) or a framework i.e. if the hubs are
shared crosswise over geologically and authoritatively conveyed systems, and use a more
heterogenous hardware. Handling can happen on data saved either in a file system – unstructured or
in a database – organized. Map/Reduce can exploit domain of data, preparing it on or close to the
storage resources with a specific end goal to reduce the length over which it must be transmitted.
Jiaxing et al. proposes SUDO, an advancement system that reasons about data partition
characteristics, working properties, and data shuffling. They contend that reasoning about data
partition properties crosswise phases opens up chances to reduce extravagant data shuffling. For
instance, in the event that we realize that data partitions from past computation phases as of now
have alluring properties for the following phase, we have the method to stay away from superfluous
data shuffling steps. The fundamental obstruction to reasoning about data partition properties
crosswise over processing phases is the utilization of UDFs [4]. At the point when a UDF is viewed
as a "black–box", which is typically the case, we must expect conservatively that all data partition
characteristics are lost subsequent to applying

Simulated Results And Analysis Of A Ver Of The System
All rotated symbols are fed into a decision circuit and the squared distance |dk,b|2 to the closest
constellation point is calculated in the complex plane:
|d_(k,b) |^2=|Z_k e^(jφ_b )–X ^_(k,b) |^2 (4.12)
Where Xk,b is the decision of Zkejφb. After the DSP compensation for the optical fiber linearities
the signal is passed through the threshold detector (Decision) and at the QAM decoder to decode the
original signal transmitted. The two QAM decoder for the X–polarization and the Y–polarization bit
sequences are finally passed through the parallel to serial converter and the BERT (Bit Error Rate
Test) to calculate the average BER of the system. The average BER calculated is used for the
analysis of noise i.e the phase noise and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further analysis of DP 16–QAM has been done in terms of average Bit error rate(BER) and optical
signal to noise ratio(OSNR) in order to analyse the Phase noise and Gaussian noise.
In the proposed design sweep iterations has been used in the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR)
component and the BER TEST SET component. On using the feature of the simulator in order to
make nested parameters, and thus obtaining the required average BER. With the higher order 16–
QAM it is not easy to decide the filter to be used having minimum noise so graph have drawn
between Average BER versus OSNR.
The graph is taken before carrier phase estimation (CPE) in order to analyse the Phase Noise. The
required graph for phase noise in terms of average BER for different filter types with varying filter
order are drawn in Figure 4.7(a)–(d). The graph is drawn between the average BER and OSNR
which shows that with the increase in OSNR the BER decreases. In another way with the increase in
noise the average bit error rate increases. There is a value fixed theoretically for each modulation
technique above which OSNR cannot be permitted in the system. Figure 4.7(a) Butterworth filter
4th order before CPE Figure 4.7(b) Chebyshev filter 3rd order before CPE Figure 4.7(c) Bessel filter
3rd order before CPE Figure 4.7(d) Gaussian filter 3rd order before CPE Figure 4.7(a)–(d) shows
the graph drawn between average bit error rate and the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Arrays
What is meant by array? An antenna is a system of similar antennas oriented similarly to get greater
directivity in a desired direction.
2. What is meant by uniform linear array.? An array is linear when the elements of the array
arespaced equally along the straight line. If the elements arefed with currents of equal magnitude
and having a uniform Progressive phase shift along the line, then it is calleduniform linear array .
3. What are the types of array?
a. Broad side array.
b. End fire array
c. Collinear array.
d. Parasitic array.
4. What is Broad side array? Broad side array is defined as an arrangement inwhich the principal
direction of radiation is perpendicularto the array axis and also the plane containing ... Show more
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Tapering is done fromcenter to end.
19.What is a binomial array? It is an array in which the amplitudes of theantenna elements in the
array are arranged according to thecoefficients of the binomial series.
20.What are the advantages of binomial array? Advantage:
No minor lobes
Disadvantages:
Increased beam width
Maintaining the large ratio of current amplitude in large arrays is difficult
21. What is the difference between isotropic and nonisotropicsource
Isotropic source radiates energy in alldirections but non–isotropic source radiates energy only in
some desired direction.
Isotropic source is not physically realizablebut non–isotropic source is physically realizable.
22.Define Side Lobe Ratio Side Lobe Ratio is defined as the ratio ofpower density in the principal

or main lobe to the powerdensity of the longest minor lobe.
23. List the arrays used for array tapering
Binomial Array:Tapering follows thecoefficient of binomial

Xilinx Fpga Based Pwm Technique For Controlling Multilevel...
XILINX FPGA based PWM technique for controlling Multilevel Inverter
Abstract––Multilevel inverter finds its application in high voltage high power converters. Various
topologies of multilevel inverter provides several advantages such as high efficiency, low voltage
stress, low EMI, better waveform and improved THD. This paper presents the development of
Xilinx FPGA as a control circuit for generation of the pulse width modulation (PWM) signal for the
single–phase cascaded H–bridge multilevel inverter and modified H–bridge PWM multilevel
inverter. The XILINX FPGA based modified multilevel PWM inverter was implemented by adding
bi–directional switches to the conventional bridge topology. Xilinx System Generator/MATLAB
software has been used for simulation and verification of the proposed circuit before
implementation.
Index Terms– Field programmable gate array (FPGA), Cascaded H–bridge multilevel inverter, Pulse
width modulation (PWM), Xilinx System Generator.
INTRODUCTION Pulse width modulation technique based cascaded multilevel inverters have been
receiving increasing research attention in the past few years. These power converters provide
advantages of high power quality waveforms, low switching losses, and high–voltage capability. It
has led to many applications such as high–power motor drive, variable speed drive, Uninterruptible
Power Supply and active power line conditioners. The various topological structures of the
multilevel inverter suggestions

Effect Of Power Quality On A Smooth Industrial Process
Abstract As industries expand, utilities become more interconnected and the use of electricity rises,
power quality becomes essential to insure a smooth industrial process. The main problem that
severely affects the power's quality is the presence of the harmonics, which affects the performance
of the system. Some of the problem caused by the harmonics are metal parts' overheating, increasing
noises in motors, decreasing the efficiency of the motors, etc. some corrective methods can be used
to reduce its effect. Contents Introduction 3 What is Power Quality? 4 Harmonics–Basic Concepts 5
The Affects 6 Solution 7 Line Reactors 7 Harmonic Filters 7 12 Pulse Rectifiers 7 Benefits 8
Conclusion 8 References 8 Introduction For the last 25 years there has been a great increase in the
usage of the solid state electronics technology. This new technology has provided us with the
opportunity to have a product with a high quality with an increased productivity due to its high
efficiency. Today, we can produce products with high quality at less cost than in the last years, but
this new technology has given rise to a new problem, which is the need for a clear electric power.
This new technology has replaced many of the old ones, bringing many advantages to the user, for
example DC & AC drives, soft stators, UPS, etc. Since this new technology is rapidly gaining in the
modern industries, power systems are expected to provide an ideal sinusoidal waveforms for
currents and voltages,

Nt1310 Unit 1 Exercise 4
Fig. 4 shows that the fit of this sum to the original data is robust. The annual and semi–annual
frequencies are seen to reproduce or account for most of the pattern in the hospital admission data,
indicating that asthma is very seasonal in El Paso. The fall peak occurs at the end of the rainy
season; the spring during the severe dry season winds. Note amplitude and phase shifts associated
with the 2006 July–August monsoon. The fall asthma peak occurred a month early, with extreme
intensity.
This process of Fourier transform and back–transform establishes the essential frequency
components of the temporal data while eliminating high–frequency noise. This is a powerful
technique to:
(1) Establish the existence of periodicity in a temporal data ... Show more content on
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In the frequency domain (Fig. 7) neither Brownsville nor El Paso has any high–amplitude peaks
corresponding to an integer number of
Fig. 7 Left – Fracture admissions for 3 Texas cities, time domain. Right – Fourier transform,
frequency domain. cpy. As seen in the time domain as well, the distribution of fracture in time is
essentially random. In striking contrast, Houston shows 5 prominent, high–amplitude frequency
peaks at the 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 integers of cpy. Other prominent non–integer peaks also are present. In
the time domain, it is seen that this complex set of frequency peaks mathematically recreates a
single prominent cycle of "negative" peaks, corresponding to a low point in fracture admissions
around late January of each year. Why are fractures seasonal in Houston? Studies in other regions
indicate a seasonal hip fracture in the elderly, typically associated with winter slips on ice (ice
storms are unusual in Houston) or shortened daylight. Here, Houston exhibits an annual winter
fracture minimum. The amplitude of the peaks leaves no doubt that this finding cannot be an artifact
of the data or its processing. Nor is it likely an artifact of some peculiarity of the Houston health
care system or its hospital admissions

The Rate a Drug is Released in the Body
Rate of drug release at any given location within gastrointestinal tract depends on the mechanism by
which the drug released from pellets and local environment within git. In order to predict in vivo
behavior of dosage forms, knowledge of release mechanism and physiological conditions of git
should be understood.
Type of coating and method of applying coating will determine dominant mechanism of drug release
from coated pellets. Release kinetic is predominantly determined by the behavior of coating material
under physiological conditions of git. Multiparticulates coated for extended release purpose; release
the drug by eighter diffusion or erosion or combination of these mechanisms.
Pellets coated with polymer not soluble under gi conditions releases drug by 4 different
mechanisms:
1. Solution/ diffusion through the continuous plasticized polymer phase
This mechanism is based on assumption that the polymer forms a continuous phase in which the
plasticizer & other additives are homogeneously dispersed. When polymer film is formed, it
contains molecular sized openings between crosslinked chains of polymer. Plasticizer & other
additives affects wetting of these openings as well as interchain dimensions by changing the
crosslinking properties of polymer chains which are critical for diffusion of drug. Mostly, drug
molecules diffuse through these openings in a process known as hindered molecular diffusion. It is
an activated process wherein thermal fluctuations of chain segments

Act 1 Scene 1 Homework Essay
Act I Scene 1 Homework – Graphing a Wave
Name:
A vibration is a wiggle in time; a wave is a wiggle in space and time. In this exercise, you will
explore that connection by transferring the motion of the second hand of a clock (a vibration, even if
a slow one), to a wave.
Print out the image of a clock and open the spreadsheet called Grapher. You will find both of them
in the same item where you found these instructions.
Use a metric ruler to measure the displacement of the tip of the second hand every five seconds.
That's the distance above or below the center line that connects the 3 and the 9.
Count the number as positive if the tip is above the line (towards the 12) and negative if below
(towards the six). Enter each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nothing would change at all.
The frequency would change.
The amplitude would change. X
8) If you had plotted the motion of the second hand on your watch instead of the clock that you
printed out, what would change about the graph?
Nothing would change at all.
The frequency would change. X
The amplitude would change.
9) Since you are plotting displacement on the y–axis and time on the x–axis, this is an example of a
_____ graph.
Snapshot X frog–on–a–post 10) Are you old enough to remember the 90's television series Home
Improvement, starring Tim Allen? He was always saying "more power" and blowing up one electric
tool or appliance after another by trying to make it work faster.
Suppose that he was able to make a clock run so fast that the second hand made one full lap in only
one–tenth of a second (0.10 s), and suppose that it tapped a water surface each time it reached the
bottom of its motion. If the waves it produced were 4.0 cm apart, at what speed (in cm/s) would they
travel?

The Waves would travel

A Study On Hybrid System
CHAPTER 2
LITREATURE REVIEW
2. 1 Literature Overview
The following literature survey for the current report consists of various papers on hybrid system
published in the IEEE conferences and the journals. The conclusions and explanation is also
described
2.2 Early Developments
2.2.1 Comparison of simulation results of three level & five level H–bridge multilevel inverter by
mamta N. kokate
The conventional two levels Inverter have many limitations for high voltage and high power
application. Multilevel inverter becomes very popular for high voltage and high power application.
The multilevel inverter is started with the three level converters. The elementary concept of a
multilevel converter to achieve higher power to use a series of power semiconductor switches with
several lower voltage dc source to perform the power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage
waveform. However, the output voltage is smoother with a three level converter, in which the output
voltage has three possible values. This results in smaller harmonics, but on the other hand it has
more components and is more complex to control. In this paper, study of different three level
inverter topologies and SPWM technique is explain and SPWM technique has been applied to
formulate the switching pattern for three level and five level H–Bridge inverter that minimize the
harmonic distortion at the inverter output. This paper deals with comparison of simulation results of
three levels and five

Essay On State Of Matter
All matter can move from one state to another. It may require extreme temperatures or extreme
pressures, but it can be done. Sometimes a substance doesn't want to change states. You have to use
all of your tricks when that happens. To create a solid, you might have to decrease the temperature
by a huge amount and then add pressure. For example, oxygen (O2) will solidify at –361.8 degrees
Fahrenheit (–218.8 degrees Celsius) at standard pressure. However, it will freeze at warmer
temperatures when the pressure is increased.
Some of you know about liquid nitrogen (N2). It is nitrogen from the atmosphere in a liquid form
and it has to be super cold to stay a liquid. What if you wanted to turn it into a solid but couldn't
make it cold enough ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many other types of molecular organizations in solid water than we can talk about here.
CHEMISTRY TERM PHASE CHANGE
Fusion/Melting
Freezing
Vaporization/Boiling
Condensation
Sublimation
Deposition
Solid to a Liquid
Liquid to a Solid
Liquid to a Gas
Gas to a Liquid
Solid to a Gas
Gas to a Solid
Solid to a Liquid and Back to a Solid
Phase change of solid to a liquid when energy is added.
Imagine that you are a solid. You're a cube of ice sitting on a counter. You dream of becoming liquid
water. You need some energy. Heat is probably the easiest energy you can use to change your
physical state. The atoms in a liquid have more energy than the atoms in a solid.
There is a special temperature for every substance called the melting point. When a solid reaches the
temperature of its melting point, it can become a liquid. For water, the temperature needs to be a
little over zero degrees Celsius (0oC) for you to melt.

If you were salt, sugar, or rock, your melting point is higher than that of water. How do you know
that fact? If their melting points were lower, they would also be liquids when the temperature is
above zero degrees Celsius. The reverse of the melting process is called freezing. Liquid water
freezes and becomes solid ice when the molecules lose energy.
Solid to a Gas and Back to a Solid
Water vapor can become dew (liquid) or frost (solid) at night.
You know

Pros And Basics Of Tom Brimeyer's Hypothyroidism
Tom Brimeyer Hypothyroidism RevolutionHi and welcome to our review on the Hypothyroidism
Revolution by Tom Brimeyer.
Like always, this review will be divided into three main parts:
1. The basics section that will help you to understand better what the Hypothyroidism Revolution is
all about.
2. The pros and cons section which includes the most important advantages and disadvantages that
we feel you have to know about Tom Brimeyer's Hypothyroidism solution.
3. The conclusions section about the Hypothyroidism Revolution that summarizes our thoughts on
this program...
Let's begin :)
The Basics
In simple words, "The Hypothyroidism Revolution" is a comprehensive program that teaches you
step–by–step how to reverse and stop hypothyroidism naturally and permanently.
Tom Brimeyer, a long term sufferer of hypothyroidism, a fitness and health researcher, and the
creator of The Hypothyroidism ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this phase Tom Brimeyer shows you how elements of a healthy lifestyle can be incorporated,
including special exercises that can help with boosting your thyroid. He also goes into more detail
about common mistakes that should be avoided so that you can achieve optimal results from the
program.
All the explanations about these three phases are found inside the main guide of the Hypothyroidism
Revolution system, which contains more than 160 pages and 16 chapters. However, the
Hypothyroidism Revolution program contains many more components, as we will explain in the
pros and cons section below...
Click On This Link For More Details About The Hypothyroidism Revolution Main Guide And The
3–Phase Treatment Plan That Tom Brimeyer Describes Inside!

The Pros And Cons
The Pros
A Program That Is Very

Technology Capability Development : Chen Hongsheng, A...
Chen HONGSHENG, a military scientist who is leading stealth technology capability development
for the J20 made an initial unsolicited approach towards our organization fourteen months ago.
Since then HONGSHENG has made six other attempts to make contact for a total of seven
approaches. During those approaches he provided information of intelligence value to two
occasions. On the second occasion he provided personal information which will be used to support
background checks.
Given the current political and security climate this operation will be highly sensitive and therefore
the overall assessed risk of the operation is high. Additional precautions will be taken to ensure the
security of the overall operation. Until additional information on HONGSHENG is available this
operation will be treated as if HONGSHENG has already been compromised. The compromise,
given his desperation could mean that he is providing information to other intelligence
organizations, we will not assue that we are the only organization that he has approached. Even if
HONGSHENG's intent is legitimate, given that he has made seven know approaches, there is a high
probability that he is under suspicion. Therefore, we will not use of existing facilities and the normal
support apparatus. There will be minimal expose of our procedures and contact with our personnel
will be limited. A clear understanding of HONGSHENG's value as an asset must be evaluated prior
to a full investment.
While HONGSHENG

SDLC
Great ideas turn into action by first creating a plan of action. There are many decision–making
methods than can be used. The SDLC is an excellent way to implement a plan and help make
decisions. Brainstorming and using other decision–making tools can also help an idea to grow into
action. There are a lot of ways to end an excellent plan. Poor decision making skills and
mismanagement can destroy any hopes of a plan reaching its goal. This was true in our scenario.
The problem with the employees being in the wrong training class is a good example of a great idea
being halted. The remarkable idea to have the business officers decide which classes their
employees needed did not work because they were not aware of what the classes offered. Nor ...
2)We should also find out who needs what without the assumption of what you think they need.
3)Also needed is relevant data gathering specific to the questions and project needs. 4)Making sure
the training courses contain information that is relevant to workers needs. 5)Revising evaluation
questions and plans as project conditions change. As time goes on, make sure any important changes
that arise are updated in the training materials. Knowing what resources are available/ needed for
evaluation. Understanding the existing capacity of the implementation. Why is the new system being
introduced and what can be done in the new system? Realizing the capabilities and limitations of
existing technologies. Knowing that the software (SAP) is limited in what it will do based on user
input.
The process of undergoing an evaluation can, for example, build shared meaning and understanding,
support and enhance the program (by building evaluation–based data collection and analysis into the
program design); and/or support human and organizational development by training staff in new
skills. A well thought–out evaluation will provide benefits no matter what the results are. By the
simple virtue of being well thought– out, the evaluation will provide program staff an opportunity to
learn, and to teach.
Through the implementation of the SAP, it is assumed that overall productivity will increase.
Adequate job training has become essential for production. With ever changing

Obstetric Behavior Analysis
Whenever a physiotherapist wants to create a general treatment protocol, she can rely on the
ontology to select the exercises for each phase. Once the number of phases of the protocol has been
defined alongside the conditions of each phase, a new set of classification rules for the selection of
candidate exercises are created. Then, one ontology class is created automatically for each phase of
the protocols based on the classification rules (Fig. 35d). For example, class CandExe2FlexGlenoJ
represents the candidate exercises for phase 2 of the protocol for patients with limited flexion of the
glenohumeral joint. Each of the Mov* classes in the definition refer to the movements that the
exercise must have to be classified in CandExe2FlexGlenoJ. ... Show more content on
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32c are taken into account, patient patient2015 would be classified as a Patient2FlexGlenoJ, because
he has reported a VAS value of 0.0 (< 3.0) and there exists in his current physiotherapy record a
movement exploration of flexion of the glenohumeral joint where he achieved a ROM of 80° (which
satisfies conditions of the class MovExploFlexGJLessThan90). Beware that the classification of the
patient evolves alongside his evolution in the therapy: if after being in phase 2 and performing the
exercises recommended for that phase the aforementioned ROM increases to 100° and the patient
reports no pain when performing those exercises, the patient would no longer be classified as a
patient of phase 2, but as a patient of phase 3 (see definition for Patient3FlexGlenoJ).
3.3.1.5 Experts' domain knowledge (KiReSOnt)
TrhOnt also includes axioms that reflect specific knowledge about characteristics of recommended
(and contraindicated) exercises depending on patient's state. The ontology is also regarded as a
means to identify which exercises are most suitable for a patient at some specific moment given all
the information that it is known about him. Three cases are considered:
1) Recommended exercises due to classification in one phase of a protocol: as each patient is
classified in a phase of a protocol the exercises that were select–ed for that phase are recommended
for the

Ifp Flipp Analysis
Various woks have been done on OFDM. In OFDM, as all the carriers are added using an IFFT
operation, this may lead to a signal with large peaks and dynamic range in time domain. For an
OFDM signal x (t), High value of PAPR is a serious concern when OFDM signal passes through
nonlinear devices such as in 4G systems where OFDM is a downlink method and on–board high
power amplifiers have non–linear input–output characteristics at high power values.
Reduction of peak–to–average power ratio is always a concern for researchers. Various methods
have been implemented to reduce PAPR like clipping and filtering, companding, SLM, PTS, tone
injection, tone reservation, active constellation extension and coding.
A large PAPR would drive PAs at the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For M phase sequences [log2M], side N log 2 N information bits are required. In SLM, an N–point
IFFT involves 2 complex N log 2 N multiplications and additions; these are increased by a factor of
L if oversampling is performed. Computational complexity, PAPR reduction capability and avoiding
SI are the major issues associated with SLM. Various schemes are available in literature to modify
SLM. A scheme is proposed for removing SI in SLM where phase sequence could be easily decoded
at the receiver after a level is inserted with each candidate as an identifier tag and scrambling is used
to avoid any direct manipulation of SI at the receiver. Here only a small amount of redundancy
increases the cost of hardware implementation. In this scheme removal of SI is not proposed, only
representation is changed. A magnitude scaled–SLM method is proposed, where a set of envelope
function derived from Walsh sequences is used to scale the power profile of OFDM signal and at the
receiver envelope function along with a detection matrix could easily identify the used phase at the
transmitter. Another scheme proposed use of m–sequences for detection of SI at the receiver but at
transmitter SI is embedded in the sequences with the help of block partitioning and rotation, at the
receiver cyclic shifting of m–sequences which are derived from a Walsh Hadamard matrix is used to
choose phase factor. A lot of computations are required to choose best candidate for

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Phased Effort Distribution
3.2.1 Phased effort distribution
Reasonable resources allocation to software phases is a vital factor for the success of software
projects‎
[52].Effort distribution to phases is the key to a more efficient resource allocation.
This approach is proposed to estimate the effort of migrated services. The effort is estimated for
different project phases. The service's cost often varies depending on the migration strategy used;
this is mainly because each migration strategy has its own cost factors. In this approach, the cost
factors of SOA are extracted from previous literatures .These cost factors are distributed among
SOA project phases. Each cost factor is given a weight for each migration strategy. These weights of
different factors are grouped by project phase. All the weights of all factors are aggregated per
migration strategy. The relative effort ratio for each phase is calculated by dividing the total weights
of the phase factors to the total weight of the migration strategy The whole process is summarized in
Figure 12. Figure 12: Block ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These factors are as follow: Migration duration, level of tools support, performance post migration,
integration costs which involve systems integration with business partners cost and difficult to
integrate with new breed of technologies. Furthermore the factors: maintainability after migration,
modifications require considerable testing effort, and experienced resources needed have been
discussed in both ‎‎
[25]and‎
[31].
Another research ‎
[32] has evaluated migration strategies from technical value and both cost and
business value. For the purpose of our research, only business value will be considered.
As testing effort can't be ignores, testing factors have to be considered. They have been addressed in
‎
[54],which showed testing from two dimensions: testing level and testing

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mm
One of the major disadvantages of OFDM is the high Peak – to – Average power ratio of OFDM
signal. These multi – carrier systems have a problem that Peak – to – Average power ratio increases
with the increase of number of subcarrier, which causes poor efficiency or serious performance
degradation to transmit power amplifier. Many PAPR reduction techniques have been proposed.
These techniques can be mainly categorized into signal scrambling techniques and signal distortion
techniques. In this topic, there is study OFDM system and short view of different PAPR reducing
techniques like Clipping, Companding, Peak Windowing, Scrambling, Coding and Selective
Mapping (SLM).
Key Words: OFDM, PAPR, SLM, PTS, etc
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
***–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Van Nee and Wild suggested peak windowing method. In this method it is possible to remove large
peaks. Peak windowing reduces PAPRs as with respect to increasing the BER and out–of–band
radiation. Clipping introduces PAPR reduction technique which is self interference The Peak
windowing offers better PAPR reduction with better properties of spectrum. Peak Windowing
technique provides better PAPR reduction with compare to clipping. [5] In peak windowing,
multiplication of large signal peak with a specific window performed, for e.g.; Hamming window,
Kaiser, Gaussian shaped, Cosine, etc.The output spectrum is a convolution of spectrum of the
applied window with the original OFDM spectrum. Hence, the window should have to be as narrow
band as possible, in opposition the window not be too long in the time domain because various
signal samples are affected, this resulting increase in bit error rate (BER).[6] 4.1.2 Clipping and
Filtering Technique
Figure 2 – Block diagram of Clipping and

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Frequency Modulation
ANGLE MODULATION
Chapter Objectives
This chapter will help you to:
1. Define and explain the processes of frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM) and
state their differences.
2. Calculate the modulation index given the maximum deviation and maximum modulating
frequency, determine the significant number of sidebands in an FM signal, and calculate the
bandwidth of an FM signal.
3. Define pre–emphasis and de–emphasis, state their benefits, and show how they are accomplished.
4. Name the advantages and disadvantages of FM and PM compared to AM.
Angle modulation is a technique in which the angle of the carrier wave is varied according to the
instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal. There are two types of angle modulation.
1. Frequency Modulation
2. Phase Modulation
Frequency Modulation: (Definition & Introduction)
FM is a technique in which the instantaneous frequency of the carrier wave is varied according to
the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal. In other words if the amplitude of the
modulating signal increases, then there will be a corresponding increase in the frequency of the
modulated wave, similarly if the amplitude of the modulating signal decreases, then there will be a
corresponding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As can be seen in Figure 3.1 (a) the modulating signal increases from its negative peak value during
this quarter, and at time t3 it becomes zero. This sinusoidal increase in the amplitude of the
modulating signal is mapped on to the carrier signal by increasing its frequency. At time T3, the
amplitude of the modulating signal is zero and hence there will not be any deviation in the carrier
frequency from its original value. Thus between time T2 and T3, the frequency of the modulated
carrier increases from its minimum value attained at time t2. This is shown in Figure 3.l(c) by
inserting more cycles during quarter III as compared to the number of cycles that occurred during
the quarter

Determination of the Solid-Liquid Phase Diagram for...
Experiment #1: Determination of the Solid–Liquid Phase Diagram for Napthalene–Biphenyl Using
Thermal Analysis
Objective
To apply thermal analysis to the two–component system, naphthalene–biphenyl at atmospheric
temperature. The analysis will be represented by a solid–liquid phase diagram (freezing point
diagram).
Theoretical Principles
Phase Equilibria and the Gibbs Phase Rule
This experiment is conducted in order to study a condensed system (solid–liquid) at constant
temperature (atmospheric temperature). It should be noted that the atmospheric pressure is unlikely
to be the equilibrium pressure for the system. However, equilibria in condensed systems are not very
sensitive to pressure.
The freezing point is determined at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The temperature of the cooling bath must be adjust so that it is always about 3oC below the
temperature of the contents.
4. Remelt the contents of the tube and add the counterpart component based on the given schedule.
Ask the demonstrator to adjust the cooling water between mixtures. During the experiment, record
and plot the data obtained for all mixtures listed. The experiments are stopped as follows:
i. Mixtures 1, 5, 8 – when plateau is reached ii. All others – when the initial change in slope can
clearly be identified
5. Draw the SL diagram for naphthalene–biphenyl with ToC as the y–axis, and wt % as the x–
axis.
Results and Discussion
Results
Mixture 1
Refer to Figure 1: Mixture 1
By observation, the freezing point is determined to be 80.5oC.
In comparison to the pre–lab data,

Mixture 3
It is suspected that the freezing point is 64.1oC. Due to the short temperature plateau, It is difficult
to determine if the freezing point occurs at during the interval (6:00–6:10). However, it appears to
be have been the most reasonable determination for freezing point in comparison to the rest of the
plot.
Mixture 4
By observation, the freezing point of this mixture is 51.6oC.
Mixture 5
Due to the lengthy plateau, the freezing point is determined to be 69.1 oC.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Investigation Models
I. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIGITAL INVESTIGATION EXISTANT MODELS
In this section we study and analyze some related work of digital investigation models. Advantages
and disadvantages of each methodology will be extracted. Our aims is not selecting the best model
but to build a new investigation methodology based on aggregation of different models steps [2],
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9] which can meet evidence criteria.
A. COMPUTER FORENSIC INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS
The first investigation model was appeared in 1984 [2], composed of 4 main phases, which are
acquisition, identification, evaluation and admission. Acquisition phase gives the importance of
authenticity for investigation process as it will be indicated. Relevant data collection is modeled
with identification phase. From all collected data, estimation and hypothesis are examined in
evaluation phase. The last phase is admission which involves the presentation of founded results and
concluding evidence with understandable form before inspection by the court. However, compared
with next adopted investigation framework, this methodology was not focused on securing and
preserving data from intrusion during the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Six primary phases have been introduced in this model. Internet phase helps investigator to examine
the internet artifact to return more relevant data. User profile phase is added to this model in order to
analyze user features, his relations, his applications and his preferences. This task helps investigator
to understand the incident case. Case specific phase aims to classify the incident case for becoming
better clearer. For example, electronic attack incident is different from the one focused on child
pornography crime. Confidentiality and integrity of collected information are not respected. Owner
property is not done and investigation event is not

The Designed User Workflow For The Application
Figure 3: The designed user workflow for the application. When the signal is submitted by the user,
AgileFD is run twice, once with just the most recently submitted signal(s) in order to determine
what data points to constrain the submitted signal(s) to, and then a second time with all submitted
signals and past constraints to show what areas are being reconstructed well/poorly (green/red).
Note: Selected points are indicated by turning to black.
Results and Discussion
This application was tested on a singular system, of Tantalum, Rhodium and Palladium (Ta–Rh–Pd).
The metrics that will be analyzed is how well the Phase Mapper Game's solution compared to
AgileFD alone in terms of speed, satisfying constraints, and having a physically meaningful
solution. It should be noted that the user for Phase Mapper Game has much experience working with
the system so the time does not reflect what would be the average for a lay person. The system was
not tested on a lay person however because it has not been developed far enough to be that
accessible. For this test of the application the solutions were compared for when only three solution
patterns were found. Time As seen in Figure 4, the solution patterns found for the Phase Mapper
Game and AgileFD alone seem to be located in the same regions. With Phase 1 and 2 for both
following the connectivity constraint, whereas Phase 3 seems to violate it, and more so in the Phase
Mapper Gamer solution. It is expected that both solutions would

____________________________________ .. W E B S T E Ru
____________________________________ W E B S T E R U N I V E R S I T Y Center for
Graduate and Professional Studies ____________________________________
MID–TERM EXAM Chapters 1–6 Student Name: David McNamee__ Open Book Exam
1a. The phases that Jeannine skipped are 1. The systems analysis and requirements phase 2. The
systems design phase 3. The implementation phase and 4. Operations and Maintenance phase
(Systems support and security).
1b. When Jeannine skipped the system analysis phase, she failed to analyze the needs of the end user
and whether the system she came up with would meet her final requirements. Although Jeannine
incorrectly believes she knows what is required she is unaware that the financial comptroller ...
The misconception that a system can be quickly thrown together that will meet all the requirements
of an organization and its clients is common.
1d. The conclusions that can be drawn from Chapter 2 lead me to believe that Jeannine can be taught
to plan strategically and that she can also learn why it is important to do so. Had Jeannine followed
the proper planning process she would have been able to resolve most of the issues that she
encountered before they were a problem.
2a. Steven failed to do several things as a Project Manager. He failed to deliver the product on time
and within budget, as well as managing expectations. His failures were a result of poor planning,
prompt or advance requesting of resources, and a failure to communicate with his team,
management and the end user. Steve's job as the PM is to monitor progress, ensure key stakeholders
keep their people focused on the task and prevent delays, or if delays occur communicate those
issues to management. Managing stake holders and keeping them focused on requirements and due
dates goes a long way towards preventing problems. Steve seems to have failed at this.
2b. Using the creeping requirements as an excuse seems to be a mistake as it implies project
mismanagement. If the project had been properly monitored scope creep could have been detected
early and managed.
2c. As the PM, Steven should have been aware of what was occurring in the project always.

Caffeine And Tannic Acid From Tea Lab Report
Objectives: The objective of this experiment is to extract caffeine and tannic acid from tea leaves.
From there, the caffeine will be purified through the process of sublimation.
Techniques and Reactions: Sublimation: When a substance transitions from the solid phase to a gas
phase without going through an intermediate liquid phase.
Physical Data Table:
Compound/ Formula Physical Property Molecular Weight Density Amount
2 Tea Bags 4.5 g
Sodium Carbonate
Na2CO3 White solid mp 854 C 105.99 g/mol 1.1 g
Caffeine
C8H10N4O2 White solid mp 238 C 194.20 g/mol (product)
Procedure:
Caffeine Extraction:
1. Add two tea bags, 1.1 g sodium carbonate, and 40 mL water to a 250 mL beaker. Dissolve the
sodium carbonate.
2. Cover beaker with watch glass, and heat solution in beaker directly on hot plate. Maintain gently
boil for 30 minutes.
3. Transfer solution to 15 mL centrifuge tube. Use spatula to squeeze additional liquid out of the tea
bag. 40 mL of solution should be extracted in fractions.
4. Cool solution in the ice bath before adding 2 mL of methylene chloride. Mix the two phases by
drawing and squirting methylene chloride into aqueous layer.
5. Centrifuge the two–phase solution to separate emulsions.
6. Prepare a drying filter using filter flask, Hirsch funnel with filter paper, and 2 g anhydrous sodium
sulfate.
7. Pipette out lower organic layer and pass the solution through the sodium sulfate while applying a
vacuum. Wash Na2SO4 pad with 1–2 mL CH2Cl¬2. Evaporate

The Effect Of String Function On An Accidental Of A...
One does not need to use words to convey a message. Dots and lines on a page can convey emotion
just as well, if not better. Music can fill in the context where words cannot. The simple switch
between major to minor, an accidental of a natural or a flat can easily show the motion of a piece.
As a cellist for over six years, I wanted to understand the fundamental idea of why notes were
audible. I asked myself, why do I press down on certain parts of the strings on a cello to produce
certain notes? How are sound waves calculated? With these two questions in mind, I dove in with
the desire to apply a different perspective of music.
Diagram 1
One of the earliest discoveries of how string function comes from the Greek philosopher,
Pythagoras. The wavelength and pinches between strings are what differentiate the varying notes. As
shown in Diagram 1, the wavelengths have specific spacing in between, which are directly related to
mathematics. Nodes, or pinches, are strategically and mathematically placed to resonate precise
pitches, and particular ratios are able to be derived from these intervals. For example, an octave
describes two notes that are eight notes apart. In order to create the perfect first octave, the string is
pinched into perfect halves, making the mathematical ratio , as 2 parts are created from the whole
with one pinch. By pinching the string in half, the frequency becomes twice as fast , producing a
higher tone of the same note. One octave higher than an A

IVoltage source inverters (VSI’s) are widely used in...
IVoltage source inverters (VSI's) are widely used in electric drive applications. Generally inverters
contain certain amount of harmonics in the output. Inverters quality is expressed with the help of
parameters of performance. Parameters like lower order harmonics (LOH), total harmonic distortion
(THD) Distortion Factor basically plays a vital role on the performance of an inverter. Harmonics
give undesirable effects the following undesirable effects [1]–[2. Ill effects of harmonics are A. Poor
Quality Supply As all power electronic converters generate harmonic currents, which will be
injected into the utility, causing distortion of the supply waveform.
B. Malfunctioning of Relays Due to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So harmonics directly effect the system performance. For performance improvement of an inverter it
is desirable to eliminate harmonics. IEEE 519 Standard gives maximum allowable limits for voltage
and current distortions [3].
VSI gives less qualitative outputs with conventional voltage control techniques Output voltage of an
inverter can also be varied by controlling on–off periods of its switches. This is the most popular
and efficient method for controlling inverter output voltage.
2.4 Pulse Width Modulation in VSI's
Output Voltage of the Inverter can be modified or controlled by controlling or modifying switching
current, or in case of Power Switches, by controlling or modifying Gate current. This control is
achieved by PWM control. In one of the methods of controlling inverter output voltage, a fixed DC
voltage is given to the inverter and by varying the ON and OFF time of power switches we get a
controlled or modified AC output voltage. This method is popularly called as Pulse Width
Modulation (PWM) method. The features of PWM inverter can be summarized as follows
Filter size can be smaller compared to the filter used with square wave inverter
The inverter has constant dc link voltage and it uses PWM principles for voltage control.
The output voltage waveform improves with respect to harmonic content
Frequency limit is 150 Hz using thyristorised

Surface Electromyography Paper
The study by the department of Psychology and Neuroscience at the University of Colorado
combines surface electromyography along with motion analysis and outcome measures in a dart–
throwing task. Interestingly enough, I found that this is really the first study that includes a
comprehensive analysis of changes in motor performance as a function of attention focus. This
research was based off Willingham's Control Based Learning Theory of motor control, which was
theorized around the years 1998 and 1999. It was wonders to why the shifting of attention in order
to explicitly control a demanding skill hurt performance and leads to the coined term "choking". It
further proposes several stages of neurological representation and motor control. You may
constantly ask yourself, does a high–pressure ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the examination, just as they were, I was extraordinarily interested activity of the EMG from the
beginning of movements to the instant of release. The additional release was extracted from video
data and the time of onset was estimated as the earliest continuously rising deviation above baseline
for the triceps muscle. This part was very interesting. The raw EMG signal was converted to RMSE.
It is noteworthy to pay attention that deviation which rose and then fell back to baseline was not
reflected as an onset. From the onset–release interval we analyzed the time of onset (release time–
onset time), peak activation (in V), and the integral of the signal. EMG was representative of both
temporal and spatial components of the EMG signal). They also calculated mean power frequency to
replicate the findings of Vance et al. (2004).. Participants were asked to limit their throwing as much
as possible to flexion and extension of the arm and wrist in the sagittal plane, which meant they
were not aloud any sidearm throws

How Can Different Methods of Listening to Music Have an...
Research Question: How can different methods of listening to music have an effect on the
transmission of musical sinusoidal waves? Introduction:
Music is a universal language. It is a part of culture that has been around for thousands of years,
dating back to the first recorded German flutist 40,000 years ago during the Stone Age. Lyrics and
sounds can be understood and interpreted independently, but it is how humans are able to take in
these sounds and interpret them that is often misunderstood. The biological and psychological
aspects of this process play an imperative role, including the idea that our hearing systems are based
solely on the cerebellum and physical movement, rather than chemical reactions which usually
evoke our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such efficiency will be determined by measuring the frequencies of songs using sine waves, the
volume at which a genre of music should be played can be understood. Efficiency is fully dependent
on atmospheric conditions, such as pressure. Using the sine function will help to analyze the
frequency in relation to the period, amplitude, and any possible shifts that may have an influence on
the production and receiving of music.
First, I will be using an EQu device to measure frequency (dB). This is considered the "original
source." Measurements of the frequencies are represented as sine waves, beginning at the 0
(indicated by the green line):
By doing so, the frequency, amplitude, and pitch can be analyzed. The frequency measures how fast
something vibrates, the amplitude measures how much something vibrates, and the pitch shows how
high or low the music can be perceived.
Sources: MacBook Air Speaker
3.7V Speaker
Headphones
Frequencies Using Various Sources of Music Production:
Example calculation of average media frequency:
(70.5+68.5+66.9+68.9+73.1+71.8)/2=69.95 dB
Table 1–
Genre Source Media Frequencies Average Frequency (dB)

Rock MacBook Air Speaker 70.5, 68.5, 66.9, 68.9, 73.1, 71.8 69.95
Rap MacBook Air Speaker 64.5, 73.7, 65.6, 69.8, 70.6, 72.1 69.38
Pop MacBook Air Speaker 63.9, 68.1, 68.8, 61.7, 70.3, 66.1 66.48
Classical MacBook Air Speaker 53.6, 55.8, 47.9, 46.1, 45.2, 44.3 48.82
Table

The Noise Of Sound Waves Through Instruments And How The...
Introduction
Music takes up a large part of our lives, most people listen to it almost every day. It is one of the
only medians between People from completely different walks of life, connecting us all through
major symphonies or just beautifully simple chords. Though many people enjoy the emotion filled
sound that travel to their eardrums, most do not know exactly why. People also do not know why
they dislike some musical sounds. I am very curious as to why there are melodies considered good
or bad. Just as most people, I listen to music on the daily basis. I am also invested in learning how to
play the electric guitar which influences my interest in this topic greatly. I want to find out why
exactly different chords are considered either harmonic or discordant by looking into the consonance
and dissonance in music. In my research on this topic, I will focus mainly on the emission of sound
waves through instruments and how the notes come together. Sound travels as a transverse wave
which means it takes the same shape as sine waves, in mathematics. These waves are used to
produce different volume, frequencies, and timbre in instruments. In music, sound waves have
different frequencies which change the in pitch of notes, and different amplitudes, which change the
volume of notes.
Since I will be focusing on the changing of frequencies in notes, I will represent these changes by
modeling different chords, and notes by using sine waves. This will allow me to demonstrate how

Application Of Field Programmable Gate Array
Proc. of the Second Intl. Conf. on Advances in Computer, Electronics and Electrical Engineering ––
CEEE 2013 Copyright © Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors. All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978–981–07–6260–5 doi:10.3850/ 978–981–07–6260–5_25
"FPGA BASED SINGLE PHASE MULTILEVEL INVERTER"
Ms. Anuja Murar Nazare
Student M Tech (Digital Systems )
Rajarambapu Institute of Technology,
Rajaramnagar–415416
Email ID:anu.333.me@gmail.com
Abstract–
The application of Field programmable Gate Array(FPGA) in the development of electronics circuit
control scheme has drawn much attention lately due to its shorter design cycle, lower cost and
higher density. This paper presents an FPGA based gate signal generator for single phase multilevel
inverter employing an sinusoidal PWM switching strategy to control its output voltage. The
XILINX FPGA based single phase multilevel PWM inverter was constructed by adding a bi–
directional switches to the conventional bridge topology. The inverter can produce three and five
different output voltage levels across the load. FPGA is chosen for the hardware implementation of
switching strategy mainly due to its high computation speed that can ensure the accuracy of the
instants that gating signals are generated. VHDL language is used
to model the inverter switching strategies The PWM pulses was downloaded in
FPGA(XC3S400PQ208) from Spartan 3. In addition to FPGA, Xilinx/modelsim software was used
for simulation and verification of the proposed

Organisational Change Chapter 2
Organisational Change
Chapter 2 The Nature of Change
1
Introduction
The chapter:  Discusses a number of frameworks for categorising change.  Explains why, in
order to be effective, it is necessary to understand the differences between various types of change.
2
Objectives
To:
 Emphasise the complex nature of organisational change;  Describe and discuss the multi–
dimensional nature of organisational change;  Analyse change situations in order to choose
appropriate methods of managing and implementing change;  Recognise that there are limitations
to the 'common–sense' approach to managing change that assumes that change can be planned as a
logical. Step by step, sequence of activities.  This because of cultural, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
 Downsizing, re–engineering.

4. Corporate Transformation (frame–breaking effecting the whole organisation).
 As described earlier as discontinuous or frame–breaking change.
A contemporary research study found that most organisations have been undergoing types 3 & 4
change.
13
Environmental conditions and types of change
ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES FOR CHANGE
Ansoff and McDonnell (1990) Predictable Forecastable by extrapolation Moderate Close to
certainty Predictable threats and opportunities Partially predictable opportunities Modular
transformation Corporate transformation Converging (incremental) Incremental adjustment Bumpy

incremental Strong Far from certainty Unpredictable surprises Contained Strebel (1996) Weak
Stacey (1996) Tushman et al. (1988)
TYPES OF CHANGE
Dunphy & Stace (1993)
Grundy (1993)
Stacey (1996)
Close to certainty
Converging (fine–tuning)
Fine–tuning
Smooth incremental
Closed
Discontinuous or framebreaking
Discontinuous Open–ended
14


Phases of Emergent Versus Planned Change (1) Fine tuning and incremental change are usually also
seen as emergent, 'unfolding as it happens'. The organisation, an open system, engages 'naturally' in
emergent change as it tries to maintain equilibrium with its changing environment.
15

Phases of Emergent Versus Planned Change (2) However, organizations that rely only on making
emergent change may ignore 'warning

Production Mitigation : Line Harmonics Can Have Costly And...
Harmonics Mitigation
Line harmonics can have costly and disruptive effects on electrical distribution system.
At present there are several reduction or mitigation methods in use to reduce the distortion of the
voltage and current from non–linear distribution loads such as variable frequency drives (VFDs).
Description of each method with relative advantages and disadvantages are as follows.
No method used
The adjustable frequency drive requirements for IEEE 519 1992 guidelines may not be met without
a line reactor or additional impedance because many AFDs require a minimum of 1% to 3% input
impedance. IEEE 519 1992 guidelines may not be met even if the total connected AFD or VFD
loads are less than 10%. It is assumed that the AFD has a six–diode input bridge and no line reactor,
filter or DC choke applied. Advantages:
No additional cost
The VFDs are easy to package
The AFDs are easy to sell and apply.
Disadvantages:
There may be a possibility of high levels of harmonic voltage and current distortion.
Line transients can cause damage to the VFDs.
AFD impedance requirement may not be met.
DC Choke
On the front end of the adjustable frequency drive, a series inductance on the DC side of the
semiconductor bridge circuit is called a DC choke. An equivalent AC–side line reactor is
comparable to the DC choke, except that the THD of DC choke is less than that of the AC
counterpart. A greater reduction of the 5th and 7th harmonics, primarily, is provided by the DC

The Applications of Typical as-plasma-sprayed...
Typical as–plasma–sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings along the thickness have an internal
gradient structure and chemistry [Rs]. The thickness gradient structure extends from amorphous
base to crystalline surface. During plasma spraying, the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) base
is formed by rapid cooling of external molten part of flying HA spray–powder particles upon impact
on cold substrate. If the flying HA spray–powder particles are heated in plasma jet above 1843 K,
but below 1973 K, the ACP, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) will
co–exist in close proximity within rapidly quenched structure [Rs]. If overheating temperatures are
higher than 1973 K, the CaO will be additionally present. The CaO–containing ACP phase can be
considered as hydroxyl–deficient phase because it is formed from a melt which has experienced the
highest temperatures in plasma jet (>1973 K) [Rs]. The ACP, TTCP and CaO produce an increase of
the Ca/P molar ratio in the near–interface region of the as–plasma–sprayed HA coatings, which is
known as the Ca/P ratio gradient [Rs].
Considering the applications of HA coatings as medical implants, the thickness gradient structure is
unfavorable. The crystalline surface promotes poor initial bone fixation and the ACP base imparts
low structural integrity of the HA coatings [Rs]. The last is of particular importance because a brittle
nature of the ACP phase has been frequently held responsible for deterioration of the HA coating's

Design And Fpga Implementation Of Ofdm Synchronization
Chapter 5 Design and FPGA Implementation of
OFDM Synchronization The channel estimation technique proposed in Chapter 4 is based on the
assumption that the coherent reception is perfect. That is, the system synchronization is perfectly
implemented. Synchronization is one of the most challenging and important tasks to any receiver
using coherent modulation, especially for OFDM systems which are highly sensitive to
synchronization errors. This chapter proposes a synchronizer based upon the delay and correlation
algorithm and the synchronization system is modeled within XSG.
Simulation results have been provided for presenting the system synchronization performance
clearly. The implementation results on FPGA are given at the end. 5.1 Synchronization for OFDM
5.1.1 Introduction to OFDM Synchronization
Generally speaking, synchronization is divided into timing and frequency synchronization. In
practice, the oscillator does not produce a carrier at exactly one frequency, and the carrier frequency
is modulated by random phase jitter [2]. The phase noise introduced results in a mismatch of
frequencies between the local oscillators at the transmitter and the receiver. In addition, Doppler
effects in fading channel also causes frequency offsets at the receiving carrier. As a result, the
numbers of subcarriers cycles within the FFT period are not integers anymore, and the orthogonality
property between subcarriers is not kept, causing ICI for an OFDM system. In contrast, in a

1A. The Phases That Jeannine Skipped Are 1. The Systems
1a. The phases that Jeannine skipped are 1. The systems analysis and requirements phase 2. The
systems design phase 3. The implementation phase and 4. Operations and Maintenance phase
(Systems support and security).
1b. When Jeannine skipped the system analysis phase, she failed to analyze the needs of the end user
and whether the system she came up with would meet her final requirements. Although Jeannine
incorrectly believes she knows what is required she is unaware that the financial comptroller has
been reevaluating the manner in which the company invests money. Skipping the systems analysis
phase ensures Jeannine has no logical model of the system that she designs and disregards company
policies and the change in progress. By ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Had Jeannine followed the proper planning process she would have been able to resolve most of the
issues that she encountered before they were a problem.
2a. Steven failed to do several things as a Project Manager. He failed to deliver the product on time
and within budget, as well as managing expectations. His failures were a result of poor planning,
prompt or advance requesting of resources, and a failure to communicate with his team,
management and the end user. Steve's job as the PM is to monitor progress, ensure key stakeholders
keep their people focused on the task and prevent delays, or if delays occur communicate those
issues to management. Managing stake holders and keeping them focused on requirements and due
dates goes a long way towards preventing problems. Steve seems to have failed at this.
2b. Using the creeping requirements as an excuse seems to be a mistake as it implies project
mismanagement. If the project had been properly monitored scope creep could have been detected
early and managed.
2c. As the PM, Steven should have been aware of what was occurring in the project always. Burying
problems prevents them from being brought into the light, analyzed and solved quickly. The adage
that Problems don't get better with time rings true here. Giving problems their due attention ensures
that they can be fixed promptly and

Sdlc : System Development Life Cycle
SDLC: System Development Life Cycle
Definition: The System Development Life Cycle describes functions and activities that system
developers perform typically, without considering how those functions and activities actually used
in that particular methodology. SDLC denotes a set of general categories that show the major steps,
of system development project. These are different phases in SDLC which each of them can be used
to denote a step of the process that is followed in the development of certain system. These phases
remain same at all the time for different systems as they are the basic steps.
Phases of SDLC:
There are five different phases. They are
1. System Planning
2. System Analysis
3. System Design
4. System Implementation
5. System Operation and Support
Each of these phases are explained below.
Example: Creation of a Robot. 1. System Planning:
The goal of stage 1 is to direct a preparatory analysis, propose elective solutions, portray costs and
advantages and present a preparatory arrangement with proposals. Conduct the preparatory analysis:
in this stride, you have to discover the organization 's destinations and the nature and extent of the
issue under study. Regardless of the fact that an issue alludes just to a little fragment of the
organization itself then you have to discover what the goals of the organization itself are. At that
point you have to perceive how the issue being concentrated on fits in with them.
Propose elective solutions: In diving into

The Effect Of Body Condition On Postpartum Interval
Introduction There has been a long history of the effect of body condition on postpartum interval;
however, there have been limited reports to elucidate the interaction between body condition score
and follicular populations and how this affects postpartum interval. Postpartum Interval is defined as
the period of sexual rest during which the reproductive system is mainly quiescent. Follicular
development is minimal; the corpora lutea, although identifiable, have regressed and are non–
functional. Secretions are scanty and viscous, the cervix is constricted, and the vaginal mucosa is
pale (Sheldon, 2002). A major obstacle in maintaining a 12–mo calving interval for beef producers,
particularly for those using Brahman females, is the long duration of the postpartum anestrous
period. In order to curb this, a postpartum animal must recover from the suppressive effects of
gestation and parturition on the pituitary, ovarian and endocrine systems (Browning et al., 1994).
Pituitary and ovarian function in suckled beef cows may return within 4 to 5 wk after calving
(McNatty, 1988; Wright et al., 1990). Nutrition is a major factor controlling the length of the
postpartum acyclicity (Randel, 1990). When an animal gains or losses body condition the amount of
leptin in blood is changed (Amstalden et al., 2000; Amstalden et al., 2005), due to the increase in
adipocytes, thus affecting the release of GnRH; and thereby affecting oogenesis, follicular
maturation and ovulation (Gentry et

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