Computational Fluid Dynamics Paper

Computational Fluid Dynamics Paper
B) Provide the main aim of the article, as concisely and clearly as possible.
Prove, through the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations that the front wing is a
vital component because it is where air first meets the car. It improves aerodynamic performance
more than other add on devices like roof spoiler, nose wing and bargeboard.
C) Provide at least one diagram that best illustrates the mathematical model.
D) Give the main equations (1–3 equations) at a level of your understanding of the system.
The two main equations used in the article are the Lift and Drag coefficients shown below:
, ⍴: density of the fluid, V: upstream velocity, A: body area, FL: Lift force
, ⍴: density of the fluid, V: upstream velocity, A: body area, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The output parameters were the lift and drag co–efficients.
G) Explain how the model (diagram,parameters, equations) relates to the purpose of the article.
(How was the model used to achieve the purpose ?)
Both output parameters (lift and drag co–efficients) helped determine the effectiveness of the front
wing when compared to the output parameters of the other add on devices. Through the
optimization of the body area parameter (more specifically the area of the front wings end plates) of
both equations their respective co–efficients were altered significantly. When the end plates area
was increased, the overall lift coefficient increased while the drag coeffiecent decreased drastically.
This helped prove that the front wing is a vital component to a formula one car.
H) Explain the mathematical simulation performed.
In CFD simulation, it is easier to optimize and change certain features in the design rather than
changing the shape of prototype in the wing tunnel tests. This is a significant advantage as it leads to
a reduction in time. Also, CFD can simulate and optimize sub–components, which are affected by
the flow of air at high
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Computer Science In Education Essay
Only 5% of United States high schools teach computer science, the study of the principles and use
of computers, despite its critical importance. Even as the enrollment in science, technology,
engineering, and math classes have increased in the past 20 years, the number of students enrolled in
computer science has actually decreased. This can be attributed to the neglect exhibited by schools
on computer science. In these 20 years, 1 billion computers have been built which makes computer
science "integrated": so baked into human life that it is not surprising to encounter, with social,
technological, and futuristic aspects of the world. Unlike other integrated disciplines such as English
or math, computer science is not a required course in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Universities are already starting to require computer science classes, but this creates the question:
How should computer science courses be implemented in education before University? An optimal
solution must teach social problem solving skills, increase the functionality of technology, and
provide an understanding of the future. The time at which computer science is introduced must also
be considered to ensure students have enough prior background knowledge in other related
disciplines and a basic understanding of what computer can and cannot do. In order to properly
implement computer science in education, it should be required in high school education and teach
the ubiquitous relationship that computer science has with the social, technological, and futuristic
aspects of the world.
Computer science is bound to have social impacts because of its ubiquitous nature. The most
influential of these impacts is the introduction of computational thinking. Computational Thinking
is a process that generalizes a solution to open ended problems. Open–ended problems encourage
full, meaningful answers based on multiple variables, which are derived using abstraction and
automation. When solving open ended problems, computer scientists abstract notions from both the
physical and theoretical worlds. Unlike mathematical notions which only consider theory, computer
science combines both

Contributions Of The Human Genome Project
Every research paper published today on life sciences have a last–author, who is mostly a
computational biologist. The last–author may not actively involve in the research, but has
contributed in more fundamental and important areas, without which the experiment might remain
invalid and thus unpublished. What do the computational biologists do? What important thing(s)
they added to research paper that make the papers valid?
The least and most simple thing that the computational biologists do is biostatistics. A validity of
biological experiment is determined by statistical data. Computational biologists taken biology into
account build many different software for calculation required for biostatistics. These software ease
biologists' lives ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This computer technology is useless without data from the physical world.
Today, computational biology has thrived forward to a new level where biologists do experiments
totally in the virtual world and take them into account and make them usable for further study or for
drawing a conclusion about a subject. For example, in real world, biologists, or more precisely
evolutionary biologists, can't predict evolution and are unable to go back to the time or to repeat the
same path that has led to today's world. Through computer simulation or program, biologists can
have a look through the evolutionary pathway that had been followed long time ago and made
today's world.
One of the theory of adaptation is exaptation. Survival of the fittest determined the adaptation and
thus evolution of new species. "Some evolutionary innovations may originate non–adaptively as
exaptation, or pre–adaptations, which are by–product of other adaptive traits" (Barve and Wagner,
2013). It has been known that birds got their feathers for flight from dinosaurs, and some proteins
change into lens because of their ability to refract light. In a nutshell, exaptation is the result of
adaptation from traits that were evolved for something different at first, which later causes
innovative changes and give adaptation for a different trait.
Barve and Wagener used novel computational methods in their research. They randomly sample
different metabolic pathways that can sustain life in any given carbon

The Computing Innovation And Computational Artifact
Written Responses
2a. Provide information on your computing innovation and computational artifact.
Name the computing innovation that is represented by your computational artifact.
Describe the computing innovation's intended purpose and function.
Describe how your computational artifact illustrates, represents or explains the computing
innovation's intended purpose, its function or its effect. (Approximately 100 words)
The computing innovation that is being represented by my artifact is Email. Email is when you mail
someone a message electronically from your computer to their computer. Before the innovation of
Email, people needed to write a letter and add the address and stamp. Then put the letter into their
mailbox and wait for the postal service to pick it up. Once the postal service picked up the letter and
sorted out where it is going to go, it gets delivered to the recipient 's mailbox and they can then pick
it up and read it. Now, that email has been invented, you can send the letter through email, which is
a lot faster and less time consuming.
2b. Describe your development process, explicitly identifying the computing tools and techniques
you used to create your artifact. Your description must be detailed enough so that a person
unfamiliar with those tools and techniques will understand your process.
(Approximately 100 words) To make the artifact i used Canva, which lets me make graphic designs.
I used a blank custom sized graphic to start. Next, I

Systems Biology and Computational Modeling
Systems biology integrates computational modelling with experimental techniques in order to better
understand the function of living organisms, the regulation of their cellular processes and how these
cells react to environmental perturbations [1]. Among the different computational approaches,
kinetic modelling gives the most detailed representation of the biological system. These models
build on the stoichiometry of the reactions, incorporating the dynamic interactions between different
components of the network. The dynamics in kinetic models are driven through ordinary differential
equations (ODEs) that represent the internal reaction mechanism as a function of species
concentration and parameters. These model parameters play a crucial role in describing the correct
dynamics of the model. However, it is only possible to measure a fraction of these kinetic
parameters in wet lab experiments due to high cost, difficulty and limitations in current techniques
or methods [2]. Therefore these parameters are indirectly determined through computational
methods from other measurement quantities, in particular the time course data of metabolite
concentrations. However, as biological models are often multi–modal it is not uncommon for
traditional parameter estimation methods to become stuck in local optima [3]. In addition,
traditional methods tend to perform badly in the presence of high measurement noise. Furthermore
most of these methods do not consider any form of model

The Importance Of Learning Computer Science
We live in the time period at which the vast majority of college students take fundamental level of
computer science.
It is because a lot of job requires some level of knowledge in it.
It also determines the payment in their future job. It is an indisputable fact that people who did not
learn computer science learn less salary than those who did learn. Therefore, the majority of the
college students are obsessed with computer science to acquire a financial advantage in the work
place.
In the first of class of IDS 190, Dr. James Lu explained to us that we would explore in this course on
one inquiry: is learning computer science important to our life?
Dr. Lu underscored throughout the semester that computer science can teach the skill of
computational thinking.
According Jeannette M. Wing, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, "computational
thinking[It] represents a universally applicable attitude and skill set everyone, not just computer
scientists, would be eager to learn and us."
In other word, computational thinking is relevant to algorithmic thinking, searching ability, logical
reasoning, abstraction, caching, recursion, representation, basic loop idiom, and nested loops, all of
which are computer science skills.
And knowing those specific techniques, according to Wing, will influence our problem–solving
ability, creativity, and thinking. However, though computer science can tremendously help develop
our capability, those developments are not

System Architecture Of Event And Temporal Information...
This chapter is dedicated to system architecture of event and temporal information extraction. In this
chapter the model of the system is presented in detail. The first section of this chapter discusses our
data source. The system is consist of four components the first component responsible for data
preprocessing, the second for tagging, which contain different syntactic and semantic tagging tools,
Stanford part of speech tagger, Stanford parser, HeidelTime temporal tagger, Stanford named entity
recognizer. Third component is the extractor and finally the template generator. The components are
discussed in detail afterward. The architecture is depicted in Fig 6. Figure 4.1: System Architecture
4.2. Data source To evaluate and train the prototype system developed, data from different sources
like TimeBank1.2, AQUAINT TimeML Corpus, TempEval 2 and TempEval 3 are used, the data
from all these sources are TimeML annotated. The TimeBank Corpus [25] contains 183 news
articles that have been annotated with temporal information, adding events, times and temporal links
between events and times. The annotation follows the TimeML 1.2.1 specification. The TimeBank
sources come from a variety of news reports. Specifically, articles come from the Automatic Content
Extraction (ACE) program and PropBank (TreeBank2) texts. Those coming from ACE come from
transcribed broadcast news from the following sources: ABC, CNN, PRI, and VOA, and newswire
from AP and NYT. PropBank supplied

Identify Underlying Causes And Theories Of The Field Of...
Identify Underlying Causes and Theories
In our previous discussion, we determined the specific area of research, which was how the field of
computer science is invaluable to the field of medical research. The result of this came from
analyzing three research papers that focused on the past and recent use of computer science within
the conjunction of the life science field. It showed that with new technology rapidly growing,
computer science has not only become extremely important to the medical science field, it has
become an extremely vital part of the life science field. Now that we have accomplished this, to
adequately concentrate on this we will continue our research by further conducting a review of more
literature on the underlying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of these new methods and approaches need "computing technologies...such as: (i) high–
performance architectures and Systems... (ii) distributed computing... (iii) computational
simulation...(iv) algorithms (theoretical and experimental aspects); (v) applied bioinformatics
(analysis pipelines, tools, applications); (vi) artificial and computational intelligence (machine
learning, agents, evolutionary techniques, bio–inspired methods)" (Beretta, Cannataro & Dondi,
2015). Each one of the next three research studies that we will be analyzing relates to our current
research study, due to the facts they all are a part of the actors use, depend on computer science to
continue to increase the quality of life. The performers in the life science field consist of "clinicians,
biologists, biomedical engineers, bioinformaticians and many other interested in life–science related
topics, and of course patients and (more in general) citizens" (Veltri, 2015, p. 29). Each one of the
three new research studies on conceptual and theoretical knowledge article are influenced by
Beretta, Cannataro & Dondi, (2015) analyze we did on the research article"8th Workshop on
Biomedical and Bioinformatics Challenges for Computer Science" (p.680).
Theoretical Concepts and Methods
Without

Application Of Computational Geometry On View
Application of Computational Geometry on View
Planning
Name: Pravakar Roy
Student ID:4927267
Graduate Student
Department of Computer Science
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
April 27, 2015
Abstract
View planning is a crucial part of building vision system for autonomous robots or critical coverage
problems. In computational geometry the problem of covering/guarding a region is known as the art
gallery theorem. The version where static guards are re– placed by mobile guards is known as the
watchman route theorem. Both these classic theorem adopts the straight line notion of visibility
which is impractical for real world sensors. In this work we review the existing techniques for
solving the classical ver– sion of these problems and also discuss the modi cations needed to
handle real world sensors. We also discuss some recent methods that takes physical visibility
constraints into account.
1 Introduction
Producing autonomous robots that can operate without any sort of human intervention is one of the
ultimate goals in robotics [42]. Such robots should be capable of exploring their environment,
interpret the surroundings and act accordingly. Vision is clearly one of the most critical capability
such a robot must have to act autonomously. When exploring an unknown environment, a robot is
rst required to extract information about the surroundings.
Following this exploration, it should be able to carry out speci c task such as nding potentially
hazardous materials in the

Human Alienation and Computational Ecopoetics Essay
Computational Ecopoetics project is centred on human alienation from nature as an underlying
contemporary cultural framework and uses the capacity of the poetic bringing–forth to restore us to
the earth and land as our home. Restoring us to the earth is the project of ecopoetics as
phenomenological rather than political frame that constitutes the most direct return to the place of
dwelling. The question is in what respects a poetic computation may be a making (poiesis) of the
dwelling place (eco– Greek oikos, the home or place of dwelling).
Heidegger's notion of technology as a mode of revealing, "enframing," enables the possibility for
the truth to be revealed through technology, poetically. The understanding of technology as a mode
of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The technological fix to environmental problems leads to sustainability that frames earth as a
recyclable, renewable, and, ultimately, replaceable resource. Fixing the problem in the sense of
conserving, regenerating, and nourishing the resource base of capitalism. It is no longer an issue of
how to convince people to accept and promote sustainability, but of whether we can and how to
overcome the alienation and reification from nature that had emerged with capitalism,
industrialization, and urbanization? It is critical to consider whether we can ever approach Nature in
an non–ideological way or are all attempts to capture Nature, theoretically, poetically or narratively,
nothing more than our own appropriation of it? techné (art/artifice) is opposed to physis (nature),
most fundamentally in terms of causality. The opposition between physis and techné has generated
the traditional divisions we have in Western philosophy among nature and culture. In Heidegger's
text, Being and Time, the concept of being in–the–world places primary emphasis on equipment
rather than physiology. The understanding of world as a network of interdependent relations at a
variety of levels, conceptualized in human terms, limits our ability to comprehend natural
earthliness. "All that we will ever be able to say, or think or experience of supposedly natural
phenomena is necessarily situated within the world."(Heidegger) Heidegger retains a sense of

Advanced Computational Problem Solving
My middle school self spent her evenings in front of a music stand for which she was already too
tall. I would dive into that week's clarinet etude, punctuating the tune with squeaks and wrong notes,
still full–mentally and physically–from the dinner table offerings, food and academic discussion.
My parents expected my sounds only to improve. But then, in grade ten, I attacked multiphonics,
playing more than one note at a time, and erased that hope for improvement. To make up for my
inability to master the technique, I became an expert on the theory, which surprisingly contained
mathematical concepts. Two notes that sound good together have very simple ratios of frequencies.
The notes I'd play together probably had ratios somewhere around 453/920. But I liked the theory
more anyway. The noises made the math real. I started listening for matching frequencies, and
would agitate my band friends by blurting out fractions in the middle of songs.
In grade eleven I was accepted to a residential STEM high school on a college campus. While I
continued to play my clarinet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My math courses showed me that the recursive algorithms I created for my roller coaster simulator
project in the course were based on mathematical induction, a fundamental proof technique. This
connection, like the reedy multiphonics of my clarinet, made math like an amusement park ride,
literally and figuratively. Later, the static matrices I learned to manipulate in linear algebra danced
across the screen when I used them for a message–encoding program. In addition, the Philosophy of
Religion essay in which I tied mathematical asymptotes into my argument for the possible existence
of actual infinities is my star accomplishment from the course, but I'm sure I'd find some way to
refine my argument if I took JHU's "Mathematics of Infinity" or "Religion and/or Science"

Computational Biology Essay
Python: An Emerging Tool in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
Xudong Luan
Harrisburg University of Science and Technology
Harrisburg, PA, USA
Abstract–This research paper reviews journal articles in the domain of using Python for
Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and demonstrates a Python project to mine any DNA
sequence and display the results.
Keywords–Computational Biology; Bioinformatics; Python; Biopython; Matplotlib; DNA Mining
I. INTRODUCTION
Biologists and life science researchers have been increasingly facing the challenge of dealing with
large amounts of biological data. For example, sequencing the human genome requires the
computing power of processing highly complex algorithms that can only be achieved in computers.
Computational biology and bioinformatics have a lot of things in common yet some parts not in
common. Computational biology concerns about developing data–analytical modeling and
computational simulation to study biological systems. On the other hand, bioinformatics involves
how to extract, store, organize, analyze and visualize life–sciences data.
Python is a simple, concise, compact yet powerful programming language compared to other high–
level programming languages such as Java. Python has become more and more popular in the
science and technology field because of its ease of use and more importantly because it is open
source and has an energetic and innovative community to develop and improve its already powerful
library

Personal Statement Of Computational Biology
SOP
In this fast paced ever changing world, there is always a need to increase the efficiency and reduce
the time required for a particular problem to be solved. Most biological experiments, apart from
being time consuming, are unpredictable and difficult to maintain, which results in a wastage of
resources. With the advent of computers and their increased application in many different fields of
study, we can now theoretically test out the hypothesis before proceeding with the practical
experiment. Computational biology, as it is termed, is paving the path towards achieving this. With
the success of the human genome project, the need for biologists equipped with the ability to look at
diseases from a computational and mathematical standpoint ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I was an editorial board member of my college magazine and I enjoyed every aspect of working
with the other members to make the magazine the success that it was. I have also taken part in a
Green Revolution Global Certification Program, a cause supported by the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change. I spent my time raising awareness about the dangers of
global warming and my efforts were rewarded when I saw people using environment friendly

Information Processing With Population Codes Essay
Just to start off, we are going to go over a quick background on my paper and some terms to get a
better understanding beforehand. The paper I was assigned is called, Information Processing with
Population Codes. It is written by Alexandre Pouget, Peter Dayan, and Richard Zemel. Alexandre
Pouget is a professor at the Neuroscience Centre at the University of Geneva. There he leads the
computational cognitive neuroscience laboratory; his research focuses on theories of representation
and computation within Neural Circuits. Alexandre Pouget is the lead author of this paper.
This paper focuses on neural coding and population codes, which are heavily interrelated. Neural
Coding is a field in Cognitive Science that is concerned with the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This is where the start of population coding formed. I personally find it amazing that we can
compare two separate things that are unlike in many ways such as computers and our nervous
system. There are so many things that are similar even though they are so unlike, such as there is
one thing controlling the whole system like in our bodies our nervous system controls us.
An example of the population coding that is presented within the paper is "place cells" within rats.
We are able to use these cells to show the animals location with regards to a centred reference frame
in the surrounding environment of the rat. In this experiment, they use a small maze, each area is
characterized by one of these "place cells". Within this area there is a small region of the maze that
is triggered and sends a response. Through observing the rats, they saw that there was a spatial
overlap between the fields and thus, they concluded that the cells would respond to any location that
they are given. They also found that visual features were also encoded within these population
codes, for example, orientation, colour, direction of motion, and depth. So far, it has been shown
that our environmental influences effect our behaviour so heavily. Population encoding is very
strongly rooted, if one cell is damaged it won't affect the already encoded representation. Just as if
one part of a computer goes, most of the time the remaining parts of the device

Associative Parametric Urbanism : A Computational Approach...
ASSOCIATIVE PARAMETRIC URBANISM:
A Computational Approach to Parameterization of Conceptual Design Phase
M.AYOUB
Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport
Alexandria, Egypt
Email address: dr.ayoub@aast.edu
Abstract. Urban planning projects usually comprises a complex set of objectives that needs to be
addressed by developing a number of proposals, which require a lot of repetitive steps resulting in
fewer and slowly–developed design alternatives. To address the limitations of existing systems, this
research introduces the merge of associative parametric design tools with the conceptual design
phase of urban planning process to propose a Parameterized Conceptual Design Phase. The
developed associative algorithm within the proposed phase represents a computational approach that
translates a site's settings into local attractors to define urban fabric and provide the designer with
variations for optimal solutions. The Informal Settlement of Ezbet El Matar, Alexandria, is selected
as the case study of this approach.
1. Introduction
Urban planning lays the foundation for the new buildings and public spaces that shape our lives.
Traditionally, urban planning process consists of a sequence of phases that may vary or overlap to
suit the project nature. During the conceptual design phase, a complex set of objectives and
requirements are addressed regarding certain factors such as land use, site considerations,
circulation, and environmental issues. To respond to

Usepackage Essay
documentclass{pracamgr}
usepackage[a4paper,pdftex]{geometry} % A4paper margins
setlength{oddsidemargin}{5mm} % Remove 'twosided' indentation
setlength{evensidemargin}{5mm}
usepackage[protrusion=true,expansion=true]{microtype}
usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amsthm,amssymb}
usepackage{graphicx}
usepackage{parallel,enumitem}
usepackage{amssymb}
usepackage{float}
usepackage{graphicx}
usepackage{rotating}
usepackage{amsmath, bm}
usepackage{amsfonts}
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
usepackage[ polish,english]{babel}
usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
usepackage{lmodern}
usepackage{subfigure} ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
section{Vanilla options}
The following section illustrates the empirical results of the above–mentioned options pricing
techniques for one sample, consisting of 20 American put options, referred to as small sample.
Moreover, the comparison of the number of polynomial families, as well as the contrast between
regression methods are conducted.
section{Small sample results}
The analysis starts with the valuation of 20 American put options with the same set of parameters
usually considered in the literature, implemented by Longstaff and Schwartz as well. The following
Table 4.1 presents the results of pricing estimation of 20 options resulting from the combination of
the following parameters:
begin{gather*}
S(0) = { 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 }
sigma = { 0.2, 0.4 }
T = { 1, 2 }
end{gather*}
The strike price for all options was considered to be $K = 40$, the risk–free interest rate $r = 6%$

and the dividend yield $delta = 0$. The simulation was performed with 100,000 paths, with 50 time
steps per year and three weighted Laguerre

Mathematics : Computational Mesh And Grid
LITERATURE REVIEW:
COMPUTATIONAL MESH AND GRID
DEPENDANCY
(Technical Report by Vignesh)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to explain the generation of computational meshes for complex
problems having intricate shapes and to study the grid dependency for obtaining accuracy in those
problems. In finite element method of numerical computation it is important to divide the domain
into a number of simple elements.
Some portion of domain may require still smaller elements so that the computation is more accurate
there. A large number of algorithms have been proposed to automate the process of mesh generation
but they do not guarantee about the quality of results produced. Some methods which eliminate the
problem of intersection in elements are discussed.
INTRODUCTION
Mesh generation has received immense attention from assorted scieŶtific aŶd engineering branches
since the emergence of numerical methods for partial differential equations. During the past few
decades, many sequential methods have been proposed, some of which are now very popular and
commercially available[1].
Several algorithms are being proposed to automate this process of grid generation.
Some of them are Sweepline algorithm,
Ruppert's algorithŵ, BidivisioŶ procedure,
Parallel mesh generation etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF MESH
Structured Mesh:
Structured meshes are those in which the topology of elements is regular. They are generally easy to
compute but may require more number

The Importance Of Computational Thinking
Introduction
Computational Thinking, first introduced by Jeanette Wing (2006), a computer science researcher at
Carnegie Mellon University, as a strategy to solve problems where computing is part of the solution.
Computers help make daily discoveries in almost all areas of society expanding our understanding
of the world. Problem–solving using the power of computers requires teaching students how to
confront problems in a way that creates these solutions (Wing, 2006, p. 33). In her article
Computational Thinking, Wing proposes that this strategy should be a fundamental skill, just like
reading and writing, a foundation for every student (p. 33).
Fundamental Skill
Computational thinking was not a new idea in 2006. Envisioning the potential of computers in
learning, Seymour Papert, a mathematician and learning theorist, in the early 1960s recognized that
computers could be used not just to deliver information and instruction, but also to transform
learning. He was a pioneer of "children using computers as instruments for learning and for
enhancing creativity, innovation, and "concretizing" computational thinking." (Seymour Papert)
Papert earned two doctorates in mathematics, but what inspired him was the four years of work
under Jean Piaget at the International Centre of Genetic Epistemology, University of Geneva.
Piaget's influences are evident in Papert's work on how children create a sense of their world.
(Blikstein, 2013,) The constructivist principles found in both

Computational Advances Of Big Data
In 2013 the overall created and copied data volume in the world was 4.4 ZB and it is doubling in
size every two years and, by 2020 the digital universe – the data we create and copy annually – will
reach 44 ZB, or 44 trillion gigabytes [1]. Under the massive increase of global digital data, Big Data
term is mainly used to describe large–scale datasets. Big data is high–volume, high–velocity and
high–variety information assets that demand cost–effective, innovative forms of information
processing for enhanced insight and decision making [2]. Volume of Big Data represents the
magnitude of data while variety refers to the heterogeneity of the data. Computational advances
create a chance to use various types of structured, semi–structured, and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Since big data includes large amount of inconsistent, incomplete, and noisy data, a number of data
preprocessing techniques, including data cleaning, data integration, data transformation and data
reduction, can be applied to remove noise and correct inconsistencies [5]. A good amount of feature
selection algorithms of different models have been developed for multiple fields. Although existing
statistical feature selection methods are useful for normal sized datasets, they may fall short in feture
selection in Big Data due to noise, heterogeneity, and large volume. They become inefficient in
extracting the complex and non–linear patterns generally observed in this kind of data. On the other
hand, the hierarchial structure of Deep Learning techniques allow them to effectively select and
extract meaningful features from Big Data. Some approaches have been tried for learning and
extracting features from unlabeled image data, include Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) [6],
autoencoders [7], and sparse coding [8] for different fields including image detection. But most of
these techniques were only able to extract low–level features. Hence, to avoid pitfalls and overcome
the challenges, developing and employing computationally efficient algorithms carries high
importance.
Furthermore, most of the proposed feature selection algorithms use batch learning which conducts

Application for Master Degree in Theory and Computational...
In this ever changing world of computers, where computer systems grow more efficient, intelligent
and complex, I find the in–depth study of computing concepts not only appealing but also
indispensable. As I move ahead in the future, I strongly desire for a program that would help me
build a comprehensive foundation in the field of Computer Science. Within this field, I have
developed a deep interest in the area of Theory and Computational Science. More specifically I find
algorithms and theory of computation the most appealing areas due to their application in solving
many real world problems.
My undergraduate course in the field of Electronics Engineering has given me a comprehensive
exposure to all the core fields of computer science ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The project was successfully implemented and demonstrated during our final presentation.
Throughout my professional career as a Java/J2EE Developer, I was involved in integrating diverse
Java web technologies to create highly qualified web applications. Primarily my responsibilities
included: Analyzing new business requirements, proposing technical solutions for design and
implementation, coding and testing. For the 'Global Protein Separation' project, a web based
application for our client GE–Healthcare at Tata Consultancy Services, I got the opportunity to work
as a 'Project Leader'. I gained an understanding of the phases involved in developing a web
application from scratch. The purpose was to migrate the system which existed in Oracle Forms to a
browser based Java application incorporating new features and functional requirements.I was
involved in designing the web interface, implementing MVC architecture using Struts2 framework,
integrating security features and backend functionalities. As a project lead, I also exercised my
managerial skills including supervising audit, project management and delivery.
At Capgemini, I worked for our client, Morgan Stanley Investment Management as an Associate
Consultant for a web based system named 'Carry Incentive Plan'. Here I learned about the field of
banking and financial services. It exposed me to wide range of terminologies used in investment
banking and their business. The project gave me an opportunity to

How Technology Has Made On Students
In recent years, federal and local governments have been pouring overwhelming amounts of
taxpayer money into buying computers and other digital tools for K–12 education. The rationale is
computers are more important than ever, and they are gaining in popularity daily, so it is necessary
to prepare our students to use them in their daily lives. But the tools that are being invested in are
not being used effectively, and they are showing very minor benefits relative to the massive
economical investment that the public has placed in it. The developments and integration of
computer science curriculum in K–12 education is better understood by observing the current
impact that technology has made on students, and exploring the perspectives of teachers and
administrators on technology integration and the expansion of computer curriculum. It is also
important to understand what taxpayers and the public expect out of public schools, and how
curriculum writers and educational agencies are working to better equip schools with resources with
respect to computer education and computer science. In the following paragraphs I will explore
various articles from established individuals in both the educational and computer science
industries, and I will apply their opinions and research to the stakeholders above. To better
understand some of the articles I have selected for this paper, it is important to understand some
special terminology used to describe some aspects of the role computer

Associative Parametric Urbanism : A Computational Approach...
Associative Parametric Urbanism:
A Computational Approach to Parameterization of Conceptual Design Phase
Ayoub, M. 1
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design
Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt email:
dr.ayoub@aast.edu
2016 REFERENCE
Abstract
Technological advancements and their rapid effects on humanity are forcing our cities to transform
at all levels, as modern cities are becoming more dynamic and opened for future changes. During
the urban planning process, the traditional conceptual design phase usually comprises a complex set
of objectives and requirements that needs to be addressed, such as site considerations, circulation,
land use, and environmental issues. To respond to these complexities, a number of design
alternatives is developed and assessed against certain criteria, which require a lot of repetitive steps
resulting in fewer and slowly–developed design varieties. The traditional development processes are
no longer able to give the optimum design solution, as they are considered static ones. They lack the
flexibility and responsiveness needed to follow the speed of new paradigm shifts. Urban planners
find themselves at the mid–point of an ongoing cycle of adaptation to comply with the demand for
an increased level of complexity. It is not simply the use of pre–compiled computer aided design
software that aims to replicate the drawing board, but rather the development of computer

Greek Language Essay
A survey on various platforms for Sanskrit and Part–Of–Speech Tagging Methods
Sulabh Bhatt, Parmar Krunal
Department Of Computer Science, Gujarat University
Ahmedabad, India sulabhbhatt@gmail.com parmar.krunal005@gmail.com
Abstract – In this paper we present a Natural language processing for Sanskrit using Different
approaches. Sanskrit is a oldest and considered as the mother of all languages. The Sanskrit, the
world 's ancient language has got a wealthy grammar. The Sanskrit grammar text Ashtadhyayi is
written by Panini (an Indian Sage). Sanskrit is a well suitable language for providing an advanced
artificial intelligence for Computers. Part of Speech (POS) Tagging is the first step in the
development of any NLP Application. A POS Tagger (POST) is a piece of software that reads text in
some language and assigns parts of speech to each word (and other token), such as noun, verb,
adjective, etc.
Keywords – NLP for Sanskrit, Tagset, POS Tagging, HMM, CRF
I. INTRODUCTION
Natural language processing: Natural language is the embodiment of human cognition and human
intelligence. Natural language processing (NLP) is a cross disciplinary field in computer science and
linguistics where a computer can generate and understand human speech. It is the ability of a
computer program to understand human speech as it is spoken. NLP is a component of artificial
intelligence (AI).The development of NLP applications is challenging because computers
traditionally require humans to "speak"

Phd In Computational Engineering Statement
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE – PhD in Computational Engineering??
"In this mighty world many blabber about their dreams, but who identified their paths and
persistently stuck on their words are the few ones, who are known famous to the world. Being
remained unknown would be my greatest regret. My path to chase my dreams is Mechanical
Engineering, for a proud mechanical engineer can say, "When we rest, the world rusts!"
I have had a special interest in mechanical engineering since my childhood, as I grew up watching
my father develop complicated equipment for power plants. Hence, I opted for a mechanical
engineering course for my UG program. The concept of computational science and engineering
which uses numerical approaches to characterize, predict and simulate physical events and
engineering systems using the laws of mechanics fascinated me. To understand their advanced
methodologies, I have pursued a Master's degree in CAD/CAM from VIT .
The courses in my PG program included Finite element methods, Applied engineering mathematics,
Advanced stress analysis, Advanced strength of materials, Advanced vibration engineering,
Computational methods in heat and fluid flow etc. which gave me a greater knowledge in
mechanical and mathematical field. As a part of my Master's degree internship ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
I have accumulated valuable experience in Multi physics analysis. Computational mechanics is a
fascinating field in which learning feels like never ending adventure. After exploring CAE tools like
ANSYS Mechanical, ANSYS CFX etc., the thought like rigid body deflection of deflector due to
fluid velocity, is still not numerically solved. I feel that time has come for me to research in refining
the problem solving approach than to solve engineering

Just As Computational Fluid Dynamics ( Cfd )
Just as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a central tool in the development of advanced
design across all industries, multiphase–CFD (M–CFD) is sought after to support the escalation of
performance, efficiency and reliability in a widespread range of applications that rely on boiling
heat transfer: from microelectronics, to combustion engine cooling, and further to highly specialized
design and licensing of nuclear reactor fuel. Due to the markedly complex physics involved, the
application of M–CFD to boiling heat transfer is rather young; yet widespread agreement exists on
two points, one being the great potential of the approach and the other being the need for improved
closure relations to describe the subgrid micro–scale effects that cannot be directly resolved.
Among the numerous objectives in assembling a reliable M–CFD boiling framework, one challenge
stands out and has driven the overall approach: deliver an accurate representation of the physics at
the boiling wall, with the specific aim of challenging the Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB)–
related predictions. The objective is not original, and if we take Dr. Yadigarouglu's recent statement
(Yadigaroglu, 2014) "After over 60 or 70 years of efforts by many researchers [..], the CHF problem
has not found yet a definitive general solution and it may never find one". While a "definitive and
general" solution might in fact be impracticable, two major advancements in recent years have
driven this effort and

The Theory Of Computational Design Thinking
Jose Lopez
September 22, 2016
ARC 5205 Advanced Theory Professor Neil Leach
Computational Design Thinking
The dominance of computational programs in the architectural career has become dominant
throughout the years. It could be said that it has taken over the entire practice and that the human
aspect had been taken out completely. In the book Computational Design Thinking, by Achim
Menges and Sean Ahlquist this is discussed. It is important to understand how certain things work in
an environment in other to comprehend how a design computer system actually works. In order to
do so, a system generating a system, history and cybernetics, and how the machine and men interact
needs to be analyzed. In doing so, it is determined that one cannot exist without the other.
A system generating a systems dominates the idea of computational design. A system has to ideas
explained in the book. The first idea is a system as a whole. The system as a whole refers to a
particular holistic view of a single thing. While a generating system does not refer to a single thing;
but a combination of things that include rules that are capable of generating many things. A system
can only become a system if it has a holistic property. Meaning that if the object could have
different meaning depending the approach. For example a flower; when given as a gift it is just a
flower. It is not thought of as a system it is just an object to the receiver. If the same flower is looked
about in a different way it

Difference Between Rsa And Mvp Classification Analysis And...
1.1 What is representational similarity analysis?
Representational similarity analysis (RSA) is an analysis framework builds on a rich
psychological and mathematical literature, in which multi–channel measures of neural activity
are quantitatively related to each other and to computational theory and behavior by comparing
RDMs. RDM is the representational dissimilarity matrix, which contains a cell for each pair of
experimental conditions. Each cell is a number reflecting the dissimilarity between the activity
patterns associated with the two conditions. The core of the of RSA is to use RDM as a signature
of the representations in brain regions and computational models (Kriegeskorte, Mur, &
Bandettini, 2008).
1.2 The differences between RSA and MVP classification analysis and the new information
that can be obtained from representational similarity analysis that is not revealed by MVP
classification or univariate analysis.
RSA is a particular versatile version of MVPA. It goes beyond testing of information in
regional response patterns and enables researchers to handle condition–rich experiments without
predefined stimulus categories, to test conceptual and computational models, and to relate
representations between humans and monkeys, and even to related across different types of brain
activity measurements.
1.2.1 Major differences:

1) MVP classification analysis focus on the representations of the brain associated with
experimental

My Computational Artifact: Amazon Echo
2a: The computing innovation represented by my computational artifact is Amazon Echo. Making
life at home more simplistic and enjoyable represents the intended purpose of the Amazon Echo.
Amazon Echo functions by being able to control lights in the house, the temperature, play music,
and order a pizza, all with the sound of an individual's voice. The individual before giving the
Amazon Echo a command has to say "Alexa", (also the personal assistant), or "Hey Alexa.", then
proceed by telling Alexa what the individual would like it to do. My computational artifact
represents the intended purpose because it shows how the Amazon Echo processes all the
information.
2b: The development process of my computational artifact was using a video creation ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
If an individual has a hard time getting up and adjusting things such as how bright the lights are, the
individual can say, "Hey Alexa, dim the lights please".[2] Then the Amazon Echo will proceed to
dim the lights. The Echo Dot could also control the temperature of the room as well and adjust it
with a command [6]. Also, if an individual decides to watch TV but does not want to get the phone
and order pizza, he or she can say, "Hey Alexa, order a large cheese from domino's." A negative
effect Amazon Echo has on society is how it's always listening. Currently the Amazon Echo is being
used in a murder case in Arkansas, which raises the question about how private an individual's
conversations are. However, the police had to obtain a search warrant in order to access the Amazon
Echo. This answers the question that an individual's conversations are being recorded by the
Amazon Echo because it's always on and listening. This can deteriorate people from buying the
Amazon Echo, and other personal home assistants as well. As a result of this possible outcome, the
economy could take a hit as well since everything has started to go with using voice commands such
as the Xfinity X1. People would not invest their money into these companies and sell off their
stocks because since the Amazon Echo stores the conversations on the cloud, a hacker could gain
access to it and it could be used against them in a court of

Neural Computational And Neural Computation
Attempting to understand the mind and its processes can be a challenging concept to try and grasp.
Over the years there have been many different interpretations of how we understand the world
around us through information and processing in the mind and brain. Argumentatively, there are a
few approaches to neural computational and neural information processing to the mind and brain,
such as through biophysical and algorithmic neural computation. While, the transition from
biophysical neural computational processing to algorithmic neural computational processing have
different processes they are both an important aspect in understanding the process from information
gathered from the world to neural computation in the mind and brain.
The biophysical aspect of neural computation is a complicated piece that is still being researched
and uncovered today. However, at a rudimentary level information processing is where biophysical
neural computation begins. Information processing is a type of processing that occurs within the
brain so that natural information, or causal correlation, can be processed into neural summation,
which eventually leads to neural computation. When we perceive something in the world we make
biophysical connections within our brain so that we can comprehend what we see or hear in the
world. During this biophysical neural computation, information processing goes through the process
of neural summation, which is a method of signal transduction. During this

How Does Discours Discours Computational Linguistics
Language is a universal method of communication, it consist of multiple units. According to
ethnologue.com 7099 languages are spoken today, but only 23 account for more than half the
world's population. Language is more than just a way of communicating, it is a culture of a specific
group of people consisting of their values, moral expressions and how they conduct themselves. A
linguist studies language scientifically and focuses on all facets, the structure, the use and the
history of language which leads to the knowledge and understanding of language and all its
elements that forms part of how language is perceived.
Discourse
According to the Merriam–Webster dictionary discourse means the use of words to exchange
thoughts and ideas. It can also be described as a mode of organizing knowledge, ideas or
experiences that are rooted in language and its concrete context. It is the branch of linguistics that
focuses on language above and beyond the sentence. The words ''above'' and ''beyond'' capture
different features of the discourse mission. It is by examining units larger than the sentence, that
discourse analyst go ''above'' the sentence. And it is by examining aspects of the word in which
language is used that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Computational linguistics seeks to develop the computational machinery needed for an agent to
exhibit various forms of linguist behavior. By "agent" is meant that both human beings and artificial
agents such as computer programs. By "machinery" we mean computer programs as well as the
linguistic knowledge that they contain. If computational linguistics is viewed as an Artificial
Intelligence (AI) it has the goal of modeling human language as a cognitive system. Computational
linguistics can be studied as a science, because it involves complexity in unfolding language
influence on

The War After War Since 1980
Study Purposes
Hawkar Oagaz
Iraq has been in the war since 1980. War after war. These devastated wars had made the country on
of the worst in the word in many aspects. Of course, they had influenced the life of each and every
person living there. I have seen the war and saw all affects that the war could left behind. From
destroyed cites to desperate people that have no hope to rebuild their country and their lives. It
affected me personally and shaped my personality. When I see all these pessimistic and dark
atmosphere, I feel there should be some people that can at least change this mode to better one. This
made me to feel responsible to do something and be part to what brings happiness to those people.
Therefore, it has always been my dream to be a productive person in the community. I think one of
the best way to be a positive element in the society is to be properly educated both mentally and
technically.
In Iraqi still most of the government regularities are done via paper and people have to wait a long
time to do simple things that will take minutes if done via a computerized systems. Thus,
computerizing governmental offices has to be considered as an urgent issue and government has to
work on it seriously. To accomplish the process of developing IT infrastructure and computerized
governmental offices, we need a lot of computer scientists and software engineering expertise. The
main problem in Iraq is the lack of expertise. However many private universities have

Speech Conversion Using Neural Networks
CS 549 TOPICS IN ARITIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TEXT TO SPEECH CONVERSION USING
NEURAL NETWORKS Project Report Firstly, Artificial Intelligence was used in 1956, at the
Dartmouth conference and from then it is expanded because of various proposed theories and many
new principles developed by its researchers. It is an area of computer science that focusses on
creating machines that can engage on behaviors of humans, solve the computational models for
complex problems. Here Neural Networks are a computational approach to AI, which is based on
the great collection of Neural Units, which models a Human brain as connected large number of
neurons. These neurons are connected to each other to process the information as of the human
brain. Artificial neural network (ANN) learn by testing and training data. The Artificial Intelligence
in brief can be defined as the study and design of intelligent agents. Text to Speech Conversion
using Neural networks: In this project, we are developing Natural Language Processing (NLP),
which is related to processing human language by computer. The base paper for the implementation
of our project is "Natural Language processing techniques in Text–To–Speech synthesis and
Automatic Speech Recognition" Here the base paper we referred depicts usage of natural language
processing techniques which includes the production of audio from the input text i.e., text to speech
synthesis and the inverse process i.e., automatic speech recognition. From this paper we

Artificial Intelligence: An Overview
Artificial Intelligence Computers are everywhere today. It would be impossible to go your entire life
without using a computer. Cars, ATMs, and TVs we use everyday, and all contain computers. It is
for this reason that computers and their software have to become more intelligent to make our lives
easier and computers more accessible. Intelligent computer systems can and do benefit us all;
however people have constantly warned that making computers too intelligent can be to our
disadvantage. Artificial intelligence, or AI, is a field of computer science that attempts to simulate
characteristics of human intelligence or senses. These include learning, reasoning, and adapting.
This field studies the designs of intelligent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Expert systems are also known as knowledge based systems. These systems rely on a basic set of
rules for solving specific problems and are capable of learning. The laws are defined for the system
by experts and then implemented using if–then rules. These systems basically imitate the expert's
thoughts in solving the problem. An example of this is a system that diagnosis medical conditions.
The doctor would input the symptoms to the computer system and it would then ask more questions
if need or give diagnoses. Other examples include banking systems for acceptance of loans,
advanced calculators, and weather predictions. Natural language systems interact allow computers
to interact with the user in their usual language. They accept, interpret, and execute the commands
in this language. The attempt is to allow a more natural interaction between the computer and user.
Language is sometimes thought to be the foundation of intelligence in humans. Therefore, it is
reasonable for intelligent systems to be able to understand language. Some of these systems are
advanced enough to hold conversations. A system that emulates human senses uses human sensory
simulation. These can include methods of sight, sound, and touch. A very common implementation
of this intelligence is in voice recognition software. It listens to what the user says, interprets the
sounds, and displays the information on the screen. These are

Physics Of Physics And Engineering Mechanics
By the time I reached senior high school, I knew I wanted to study mechanical engineering, but I
hadn't decided on a focus. Then, near the end of my junior year, I attended a family function at my
aunt and uncles' house. A number of my siblings and cousins had piled onto their trampoline, and
eventually a bracket in the underside of the trampoline failed. Fortunately, no one was hurt, but my
uncle, who worked for Elliot Group, mentioned that a simple finite element model should have been
able to identify the design deficiency. At the time, I didn't even know what finite element analysis
was, so I did some research when I got home. What I found was a field that exactly suited my
interests in applied mathematics and engineering mechanics. Since then, I have taken every
opportunity possible to expand my knowledge of computational mechanics, and I hope to further
that effort at the University of Illinois. My academic experience began freshman year of college,
when I took a course on computational methods in engineering. As it was an honors course, the
curriculum was extremely aggressive. We covered basic programming in both C++ and MATLAB, a
number of numerical methods, and how to write strong technical papers. Since then, I have taken
more advanced courses, but this one had the greatest effect on me because it impressed upon me the
vast potential of computation methods. Many of the problems that are difficult to solve analytically
could now be solved in the blink of an eye,

The Computational Theory Of Mind By Steven Pinker
The computational theory of mind explains that our brains are made of information processors.
Every part of brain–neuron's axon and molecules, all these nerve cell's propose is to be an
information carrier. The neurons are like sophisticated chips and with billion of neurons, you ended
up with one powerful computational device, which is brain. Brain is one hunk of matter that is
intelligent things that allows human beings to have cognitive equipment to processes of human
perception, problem solving, and decision making. The "demons" is a system that contains a
memory and reflexes. These demons are triggered by information and connected to sense. The mind
is a product of natural selection and in that sense, the mind is our ancestor's past. Our ancestor's
beliefs and desires are information, as part of our brain. The computational theory of mind allows us
to keep this information (beliefs and desires) in our explanations of behavior. By doing this, the
meaning ended up to cause and be cause. Steven Pinker believed that computational theory of mind
came about through natural selection in order for our ancestors to solve and problems with the new
conditions such as figuring out of how to defeat the plants' and animals' defenses before they
counteract. The software that we inherited from our ancestor has ability of natural computation due
to the goals and desires that are preprogrammed. Our minds are calculating the costs and benefits of
decisions with our ancestor's past

Computational Diagnostics Inc.: Personal Statement
Upon hearing of the opening available at the Computational Diagnostics Inc., I was immediately
interested in the opportunities presented at this institute. Through my time studying and researching,
I have gained avid experience in animal husbandry and administering treatment in the animal
facilities of Indiana University of Pennsylvania under the supervision of Dr. Christina Ruby.
Moreover, while working under a circadian rhythm researcher, I acquired knowledge of the crucial
importance to maintain constant conditions. Because I am well aware of how influential
environmental cues are in the experiments, I know the importance of performing according to the
regulations and guidelines of the facility by which I am employed. Furthermore, in my previous
experience, I held the responsibility of maintaining an animal room independently; this obligation
ascertained my ability to maintain records of the care activities revolving around the mice in my
charge, as well as reporting to my supervisor if anything was disarray in the lab. Also, this position
was intended for research purposes, so organizing and analyzing data were essential skills to hone.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prior to realizing that I wanted to earn my Bachelor's in biology, I attended a Penn State branch
university where I was asked to tutor a physiology class due to my success while attending. After
this experience is when I realized that I wanted to direct my studies toward physiology, and more
specifically the neurology aspect. I furthered my passion of neuroanatomy through my research and
by choosing to take a graduate level neurobiology course during my undergraduate degree. Through
my undergraduate experience, the challenges that I have overcome has only intrigued my curiosity
of the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Spectroscopy
It has been the main topic of this thesis to establish the link between state–of–the–art theoretical
tools and typical spectroscopies in order to contribute to the understanding of complex many–body
compounds. The synergy between theory and experiment was given a special attention. The main
spectroscopy studied theoretically by the works in this thesis is photoemission and its variants. In
particular, we worked out the effects of correlations in many–body systems as manifested in
spectroscopic quantities.
In our works [E1] and [E2], the coupling of the electronic degrees of freedom – the photoelectron
properties, in particular – to the nuclear motion was studied in depth. The novel aspects hereby were
how to extract the information of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The advantages of the NEGF formalism and the underlying powerful machinery of the MBPT
inspired us to develop the formal NEGF theory of photoemission further with our work [E3]. We
elucidated the connection of the formal concepts of the FPA to the standard MBPT, allowing for a
practical implementation of the theory. The main advances were achieved by the extension of the
theoretical description of DPE, which we advocate as a very useful sensor for the many facets of
correlations in many–body systems. The effective electron–electron interaction in more complex
systems comprises, besides the Coulomb repulsion, fluctuation–mediated effects due to the
dynamical environment. As an important example, we focused on dynamical screening mediated by
charge–density fluctuations. We have chosen the buckminster fullerene as a concrete system for its
pronounced plasmon resonances and generally rich physics. In our work [E4] we rigorously
categorised the collective modes, based on full–fledged ab initio calculations, with the help of the
NMF. The obtained model for DD response function – whose accuracy is corroborated by
comparing to EELS data – was then employed to characterise the dynamically screened interaction
in the C60 molecule. With these tools at hand, we were able to elucidate the role of electronic
correlations mediated by the density oscillations in DPE in our joint theoretical and experimental
work [E5]. The distinct feature of the experiment – the significant narrowing of the coincidence
spectrum – is in agreement with our ab initio description and so endorses the plasmon–assisted DPE
due to as a novel aspect of releasing two correlated electrons from complex

Voting Based Extreme Learning Machine Essay examples
Real valued classification is a popular decision making problem, having wide practical application
in various fields. Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) pro– posed by Huang et al.[1], is an effective
machine learning technique for real valued classification. ELMis a single hidden layer feedfo5
rward network in which the weights between input and hidden layer are initialized randomly. ELM
uses analytical approach to compute weights between hidden and output layer [2], which makes it
faster compared to other gradient based classifiers ([3, 4]). Various variants of ELM were recently
proposed, which includes Incremental Extreme
10 Learning Machine [5], Kernelized Extreme Learning Machine [6], Weighted Extreme Learning
Machine(WELM) [7], ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
are some of the complex valued classifiers designed for real valued classification problems.
CCELM out– performs other complex valued classifiers for real valued classification problems.
It also performs well when dataset is imbalanced.
35 It has been observed that many practical classification problems have imbalanced data sets[23,
24]. If we classify such data, most of the classifiers favours the majority class due to which most of
the instances belonging to minority class are misclassified. To deal with such dataset, various
sampling approaches [25] as well as algorithmic approaches are used. Sampling approaches
includes over 40 sampling and undersampling techniques. Oversampling replicates a fraction of
minority samples while undersampling approach reduces a fraction of majority samples to make
dataset balanced. But there is problem with sampling approaches. Oversampling [26] increases
redundancy of data and undersampling results in loss of information. In algorithmic approach,
classifier design
45 encompasses the measures to handle class imbalance. Most of the neural network based
classifiers like FCRBF [4, 3],CCELM[9] minimizes least square error to find optimal weights.
Recently proposed WELM minimizes weighted least square error function to find optimal weights
between hidden and output layer.
In this classifier, residuals of minority

Social Simulation Applies Computational Methods Essay
Social simulation applies computational methods to study issues in the social sciences, such as
sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, geography, archeology and linguistics
(Takahashi et al., 2007). There are a number of benefits in assessing social impacts by simulation,
including: (1) a robust tool to support governments, industries and communities to prepare and plan
for the future, manage risks and harness opportunities (Greiner et al., 2014); (2) allows the creation
of artificial societies, systems where basic social structures and group behaviors emerge from the
interaction between individual agents, in artificial environments, based on limited information and
computational ability (Zimbres and Oliviera, 2009); (3) allows the study of the effect of different
combinations of social, technical and natural characteristics of systems at various time scales
(Raptis et al., 2013); (4) can be utilized to predict the effect of a variety of social factors on the
emergence and evolution of social norms (Chen et al., 2012); (5) models can identify the complexity
through modeling the interaction of autonomous factors and deducing the rules for such a systems
(Galland et al., 2014); (6) methods can effectively analyze the non–linear qualities of dynamic
human interaction among the individuals in a community (Dabbaghian et al., 2010); (7) are
effectively a simplification of the real world (Harvey et al., 2011); and (8) social impacts represent a
learning strategy

Computational Fluid Dynamics Paper

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Computational Fluid Dynamics Paper

Similar to Computational Fluid Dynamics Paper (7)

More from Miz Hester

More from Miz Hester (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Computational Fluid Dynamics Paper