Coal Mining Dbq

Coal Mining Dbq
The west was swept by enormous change after the civil war. There was a lot of mining that was
started because gold and silver was discovered and when people heard about it, many people poured
into an area that was ill prepared for their arrival. Mining camps sprang up quickly to house the
thousands of people who flooded the region. First came the discovery of gold and or silver, then
word spread, and people began to pour into an area that wasn't prepared for their arrival. Miners
dreamed of finding riches quickly and easily. Other miners saw an opportunity to make their fortune
by supplying the needs of miners for food, clothing, and supplies. Most miners probably wanted to
find gold and get rich and start their new lives with the money
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Causes Of The Industrial Revolution
In the 19th century, Britain was able to experience and benefit from the industrial revolution. There
were many factors that played a role in the emergence of the revolution and the overall driving force
of the British economy. In this essay I will focus on one key factor– which is competition.
Competition can be defined as the rivalry between two entities to reach their goals which could be
higher profits, share of wealth or to just dominate their field of work. Competition between different
actors in the 19th century was what shaped the economy in terms of the economic policies that were
placed, level of output of the economy and the distribution of wealth. For example, the competition
between man and machine resulted in widespread riots and the general living conditions of the
working class to decline due to competition against different actors. Such competition between
actors moulded the modern economy. Some of the actors that I will explain about in greater detail
are the competition between firms, states and the competition faced by the working class. I will also
explain how their competition became the driving force of the modern day economy which we know
of.
19th century Britain was benefitting immensely due to the industrial revolution which saw Britain
leading the race of prosperity against many countries. The competition faced by the working class
began to grow rapidly which in turn shaped the economy. In the early 18th century, production was
mainly

Environmental Issues of Coal Mining
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF COAL MINING
INTRODUCTION
Coal is the most abundant fuel resource in India. It is the prime source of energy and perhaps the
largest contributor to the industrial growth of the country. It is a crucial and enduring element in a
modern, balanced energy portfolio, providing a bridge to the future as an important low cost and
secure energy solution to sustainability challenges. Some important facts about coal industry in
India are as follows:
India is the third largest producer of coal in the world
Coal is one of the primary sources of energy
India has some of the largest reserves of coal in the world
Indian coal has high ash content (15–45%)and low calorific value
With the present ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is concern that this natural phenomenon is being altered by a greater build up of gases caused
by human activity.
This is known as the enhanced greenhouse effect. The combustion of coal, like that of other fossil
fuels, produces CO2, a gas that is linked to global warming through the greenhouse effect.
The combustion of coal produces gaseous emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrous oxides
(NOx) that are responsible for the production of 'acid rain' and 'ground level ozone'. Acid rain occurs
when SO2 and NOx gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form
acidic compounds. Ground level ozone (O3) is mainly responsible for smog that forms a brown haze
over cities. Ground level ozone is formed when NOx gases react with other chemicals in the
atmosphere and is enhanced by strong sunlight. Emissions of SO2 and NOx are termed trans–
boundary air pollution because the environmental impacts from the production of these gases are not
restricted by geographical boundaries.
(II) Impact of Coal Mine Fires
A number of coal mines in the country are affected by fires leading to steady destruction of precious
energy resource. The reason for mine fires presumably involves the phenomenon of spontaneous
heating through two interrelated processes viz., the oxygen coal interaction or oxidative process and

Pros And Cons Of Coal Mining
Do you think that coal mining is risky. Some people belive that it is not even worth it. But on the
other hand some people probably really want their electricity. It is very risky job. In 2010, 33
chilean coal miners were trapped almost half a mile underground for 69 days as it says in the
passage. wow that is a long ways down for a long time. But these people do get there money for it.
There salary is $21 per hour. And we get electricity so it is a win win. Yet it is super dangerous
because you could get black lung disease from long–term exposure in coal mines.
One reason it is dangerous is because somebody could get stuck underground for a long period of
time like in 2010. We do not want that to happen again. That would be scary for

Coal Controversy: The Two Types Of Mining Coal
Most of the electricity around the world comes from burning fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas and
oil. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, nearly half of the electricity used in the U.S comes
from burning coal; in America, coal is mined in 26 out 50 states making coal the most abundant and
cost the lowest to generate electricity. Although cheap, it is controversial to keep mining coal
because it is destroying about environment. Mining coal disrupts the surround land, contaminates
the water, and pollutes the air.
Type of Mining There are two types of mining – surface mining and underground mining. If coal is
found near the surface then surface mining is used. Surface mining involves removing the top layer
of soil and rock over a

Coal Mining And Underground Mining
This Mining Information Report is going to be reported on Underground Mining in Australia. The
underground mining information report includes: What is underground mining? The extraction
process of Aluminum, the techniques or the processes involved in mining, how does underground
mining negatively affect the environment? there will be the explanation of mining safety in detail. It
also includes the mining: Description
An examination of the facts related to the topic; can be grouped under subheadings with topic
sentences.
Supporting Visuals
You may also want to include pictures / diagrams / data tables to support your research findings.
Students given time to work on the task and scaffold for the questions is below.
1. what is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As an aluminum oxide has a melting of over 2,000 degrees Celsius the electrodes used are made of
graphite carbon, which is a very good conductor of electricity. Aluminum forms on the negative
electrode and oxygen migrate to the positive electrode.
.
.
What are the techniques or processes involved in mining?
The mining techniques that involved in underground mining are Bord–and–pillar is the and was very
common in Australian like in NSW. This method uses a grid of tunnels that involves a lot of cutting
panels into a coal seam. While leaving the pillars of coal behind to support the mine.
Longwall mining was introduced and began in the 1960s. Longwall mining uses a mechanical
shearer to cut the coal away although the hydraulic–powered holds up and supports roof of the
underground mine. When the coal is removed from the work site, the supports that are on the roof of
the underground mine are moved forward and the roof collapse behind them, which actually can
result in subsidence. Longwall mining are much better than the Bord–and–pillar. This is because that
it does not leave the pillars of coal behind. It is because that mineral resource can be removed out
more.
Explaining briefly the safety issues of the Underground Mining:
The safety issues for underground mining are that the employ and empower a skilled health and
safety plan which occurs to (HASP). This is when they want to dig a tunnel and they want to make
sure that the

The Occupational Hazard Of The Coal Mining Industry
A research study provided by Harvard concluded that individuals who did not have access to an
adequate health insurance policy had a forty percent higher risk of death than there more financially
inept counter parts. According to this study an average of one American dies every thirty minutes
due to lack of adequate health care due to financial ineligibility. The work force also known as
middle class americans are truly the ones who are directly affected by the intelligibility to afford
decent health care. Consequently working class americans are the ones who traditionally are the
unhealthiest due to the nature of many of the individuals careers. For example, black lung is known
occupational hazard in the coal mining industry. Starting in 1968, there have been 75,000 death
contributed to black lung. It was not until 1978 that the coal miners were compensated for sickness
and death contributed to black lung disease. The debate on whether or not health care is an
inalienable right has been discussed since the late 1800's. During the reformer and progressive era
the federal government took little to know interest in reforming the health regime in America. The
choice was given to the individual states to decide on what the best method would be. This is when
the states ultimately left the health care side of politics to private and voluntary programs. Up until
1915 health care was not a discussion worth while to the federal government. Theodore Roosevelt
believed every

Coal Mining In Madrid
There are not too many communities that can boast a 1500 year history in mining but Madrid, New
Mexico is one of them. First Native Americans mined the area for turquoise and lead. Then came the
Spaniards in the mid–16th century looking for silver and gold. Around the 1830's large amounts of
coal were discovered along with placer gold deposits. The town of Madrid (pronounced MAD–rid),
was established in 1869. It was once a ghost town for sale, now there is a small population of 400
living people along with a number ghosts in Madrid, New Mexico calling it home.
In 1880 the Santa Fe Railroad came to town and the coal mining went large scale. The gold finds
dwindled to none and now bigger companies moved in to develop large coal mine operations. ...
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The history of company towns in the coal industry is not a good one. Mine owners and managers
showed little sympathy for the coal miners and being the company owned the town, the miner's
wages all went back into the company.
In 1919 Oscar Huber was hired as Superintendent of Mines for the Albuquerque and Cerrillos Coal
Company in Madrid. Mr. Huber was a caring man and even though the miner's wages still came full
circle back to the company, Huber made sure the residents were taken care of.
Madrid had a hospital, paves streets, schools, company store, free electricity and even held town
events, athletic activities. Huber also had the first baseball park west of the Mississippi that was
lighted. Huber gained controlling interest of the mine in 1936 and eventually bought the whole town
in 1947.
With the rise of natural gas and came the fall for demand of coal and in 1954, the Albuquerque and
Cerrillos Coal Company ceased to operate and the most of the residents moved away. The 1954
issue of the Wall Street Journal listed the town for sale for only $250,000 and again in the August
issue of the Dessert Magazine the town was listed for sale for

Essay On Scottish Qualifications Authority
NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS CURRICULUM SUPPORT
Business Management
Extended Case Studies (Set 2)
[INTERMEDIATE 2]
[pic]
The Scottish Qualifications Authority regularly reviews the arrangements for National
Qualifications. Users of all NQ support materials, whether published by LT Scotland or others, are
reminded that it is their responsibility to check that the support materials correspond to the
requirements of the current arrangements.
Acknowledgement
Learning and Teaching Scotland gratefully acknowledge this contribution to the National
Qualifications support programme for Business Management.
© Learning and Teaching Scotland 2006
This resource may be reproduced in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
|Business Enterprise |
| |Types of decisions |
| |Methods of obtaining finance |
| |Changes in the business environment |
| |Business Decision Areas (Marketing and Operations) |
|

Effects Of Mrs. Thatcher 's Policies On The Coal Mining...
Whilst considering the effects of Mrs. Thatcher's policies on the coal mining communities of the
south Wales valleys, the question arises, just how effective were her economic policies for these
communities? Whilst much has been made of her achievement at being the first female Prime
Minister of Great Britain, she did so with a small majority of just 70, which equated to 43percent of
the 'vote'. However, the cold fact was, that Thatcher, and her conservative government, were now in
a primary position to execute her radical socio–political policies on all spheres of British and global
life. These policies would later go onto define her political career and enter the 'truism' into the
English language 'Thatcherite'. Thatcherism stripped to its bare essentials was primarily, nineteenth
century 'Laissez–Faire' ideology, its belief was, that the individual should take sole responsibility for
him/herself and their family and in doing so, would take responsibility for their immediate
community; and, for the state to take as small a role as possible in the individuals daily life,
alongside play as small a role as possible in the regulation and setting–up of business. Thatcherism
meant, defending the realm as was witnessed by her determination to enter into hostilities with
Argentina over the Falklands Islands, and above all, to defend its currency and, to de–regulate the
market economy alongside creating a state which was supportive of lower taxes, especially for the
upper tax

Nt1310 Unit 3 Assignment
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) have employed me for five years. I am currently
employed as a Roof Control Specialist, however at the time, I issued the violations in question I was
a Health Specialist. On December 3, 2014, I conducted a Health and Safety Inspection (EO1) at
Warrior Coal LLC, Cardinal underground mine. I went to the mine to monitor the operators dust
sampling; however, they were not sampling. Due to the operator not sampling I decided to travel to
the # 2 Unit 002–0 and 004–0 Mechanized Mining Unit (MMU) to check the dust Parameters. I met
Day Shift Foreman Billy Cline setting out by the airlocks on the # 2 Unit. I asked Cline if he had
conducted his Dust Parameters Examination, and he stated no he was 10 to

Essay about Coal Mining and Its Impacts
Coal Mining and Its Impacts
Coal is a hard, black colored rock–like substance. It is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and
varying amount of sulphur. Coal was form as decomposition took place in the absence of oxygen
and much of the hydrogen content of the matter was eroded away, leaving a material rich in carbon.
The material was compressed over the years by sand and dirt, leaving the form of a carbon known as
coal. The different types of coals are Anthracite, bituminous, lignite, peat, coke, and charcoal. Coal
is mined out of the ground and used to produce energy. However, they are many deaths, injuries, and
sickness involved in mining coal.
The earliest known use of coal was in China. Coal from the Fun–Shun ... Show more content on
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I strongly believe that people should be educated about the December, 1907 3,000 coal mining
deaths. In 2001 there were 42 coal mining deaths. All these deaths meant wives loosing husbands
and sons. These deaths cause the lost of the bread winners in many house–holds; which, would later
add to poverty and single parents.
Lung disease and accidents have always led to high rates of death or disability amongst miners. The
lung diseases that affect miners are called pneumoconiosis or black lung. Coal worker's
pneumoconiosis can be defined as the accumulation of coal dust in the lungs and the tissue's.
"Inhaled coal dust enters the terminal bronchioles, and the carbon pigment is engulfed by alveolar
and interstitial macrophages. Phagocytes coal particles are transported by macrophages up the
mucociliary elevator and are expelled in the mucus or through the lymphatic system"
(Pneumoconiosis in China).
They were 310, 000 cases of pneumoconiosis disease in China. The cost of treating the disease was
5 billion. "In 1992 in Shanghai they were 108 cases of pneumoconiosis reported" (Pneumoconiosis
in China). In the United States of America they were a total of 886 cases of coal worker's
pneumoconiosis identified among 29521 miners. These miners were only from a couple of states,
and they were examined from 1996 to 2002. Coal worker's pneumoconiosis brought deaths to a lot
of families. There were also cases in which children working in mines suffered from

The Coal Mining Rights Should Be Protected
Specific purpose: To convince my audience that coal mining is critical to the United States and, the
right to continue to coal mine should be protected.
Thesis: Coal mining rights should be protected.
Introduction
Attention grabber: According to Oxford Dictionaries retrieved 3–29–16, power as a noun can be
defined as "Energy that is produced by mechanical, electrical, or other means and used to operate a
device"
Credibility: I have studied various concepts of geology for many years and have completed a lot of
research on this subject.
Thesis: Coal mining rights should be protected.
Preview: Coal mining is a huge part of our nation though few people know much about it. This
speech will address three of the main values that are held by the Interior Department Plan and the
citizens across our country that support coal mining. These three values are: energy should be
available for all, American jobs are important, and our country should be self–reliant and self–
sufficient. During this speech, I will explain why each of these values is crucial to how we as a
country function and how coal mining will effect each of these values significantly if banned.
Transition: Lets get started with the first value.
Body
1: The value that energy should be available for all is deeply held in our technology focused world.
A: Do we ever stop to think about how we get this energy? It comes in many forms such as nuclear
power, natural gas, hydro power and coal. Our country is very innovative

Health And Social Harms Of Coal Mining
EFFECTS OF MINING
IN
AUSTRALIA Student Name: Ganesh Lakshmi
Teacher Name: Shanes Bennett & Hilda Contents Page No.
Introduction 3
Health and social harms of coal mining 3
Some serious threats by mining minerals 4
Deforestation 5
Solutions to control mining problems 6
References 7 INTRODUCTION:
Generally, the "Mining" refers to extraction of materials from earth by artificial methods. As
considering to the several decades minerals are the central to our modern base life. They are
essential to produce materials for construction and manufacturing i.e. steel and cement cannot be
made without cooking coal. Metals are used to make the smart phones, computers and televisions
we use every day. The use of diamonds in jewellery remains a near–universal symbol of wealth and
prestige. However, mining point to the environmental impacts of extracting and using non–
renewable resources like coal, the economic distortion that results from one part of the economy
booming while the risks to communities that live near large or multiple mining projects as strong
reasons why mining should be curtailed or even stopped. At present Australia is one of leading
manufacture in coal, uranium and other minerals. The mining boom has bought investments,

Coal Mining As Environmental Health Issue
There is a common bond throughout Kentucky that stretches from western to eastern state lines that
unites many Kentuckians. This common thread is coal mining. Window decals proudly proclaiming
"Coal miner's daughter", "friend of coal" license plates, and yard signs declaring "Coal keeps the
lights on" are only a fraction of the coal mining propaganda frequently seen throughout my
community. There is an allure to being a coal miner not only because it is a high paying job that
does not require a college degree, but also because being a coal miner evokes a sense of pride within
people. However due to the occupational hazards and coal's impact on the environment, coal mining
also poses as a very real environmental health issue for not only my community in western
Kentucky but the entire state as well. This research paper aims to describe coal mining as
environmental health issue, explain the potential health risks of working in and living near coal
mines, identifying regulations and laws concerning the issue, describe the industry's response to this
issue, describe my community's response to this issue, and identify needs and nursing interventions
required for affected aggregates.
COAL MINING AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ISSUE:
Coal mining is a relevant and current environmental health issue for not only my community or
state, but the entire United States as well. Emissions from burning coal, water pollution related to
mining coal, and coal ash, a byproduct from coal

The Effects Of Coal Mining On The Health Of The Body
Coal mining has several negative effects on the health of the body that often times go unrecognized
or just simply ignored. Many people have died from mining for various reasons such as the collapse
of the mines as well as respiratory diseases caused by mining. Governments across the globe
continue to implement regulations for the miners and populations surrounding the mines, but they
have failed to eliminate health risks related to mining, which is nearly impossible. Mining permits
used to be easy to obtain but under the Obama administration, the United States Environmental
Protection Agency began conducting more reviews and now they have issued "comprehensive
guidance" which was designed to strengthen requirements regarding mountain top removal (MTR)
and other surface mining products (Holzman 2011). The more an organism is exposed to coal–
mining, the more health problems they will face. Simply being in the mines for certain duration of
time can lead to several diseases such as "dust disease" otherwise known as Pneumoconiosis.
"Miner's lung" is a very large problem that is evident in British coal mines. Coal–mining areas tend
to be more at risk of a socioeconomic disadvantage, higher risk of health problems, and
deconstruction of the environment in comparison to non–coal–mining areas (Mclour 2008). In
Mclour's study of "miners lung", the quality of life is briefly covered and discussed. Due to the lack
of studies on injuries and illnesses in the workplace, awareness of

Christmas Coal Mining Research Paper
Over the course of the mine being open, they advanced their technology to increase production and
keep up with the competition. The Christmas Coal Mine originally used small ponies to do the
back–breaking work of pulling out loads of coal from within the mine (Luecke 1). No electric was
used at the mine until they purchased a generator. The generator didn't light up the whole tunnel;
instead, it ran a piece of equipment known as the , "iron mule," or, "electric mule." Bob Harpenau,
Jacobs son, stated, "I can still remember one time sitting down there and here comes the iron mule. I
thought that damn thing was going to hit me, so I jumped back. It hit the curve and turned down the
mine." (Harpenau 2) The electric mule eased the burden placed

Coal Mining Essay
Coal Mining Coal, a mineral I have discussed previously, is necessary to our everyday lives. Coal is
an incredible source of energy; it heats our houses and buildings, and also fuels stoves. You may
often wonder where this extremely useful mineral comes from. Coal does not just appear; it needs to
be mined through a process which results in our being able to utilize it. Coal mining is fairly
inexpensive, is carried out on a large scale and can be mined in either underground or surface mines.
Surface mining is the coal mining process that accounts for around 60% of the United States' coal. It
tends to be very efficient, with a single worker recovering up to 30 to 40 tons of coal in a day. To
begin surface mining coal, a drill must ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After the coal has been removed form the earth, it is still not ready for use; it must first be refined.
Coal must first be separated form foreign materials, for example other minerals, to be considered
useful to us. One way of doing this is called coal washing. The coal is first crushed into smaller
pieces, and then a liquid is used to separate the coal based on density. Coal that is higher in density
harbors more ash, so is left behind, whereas low–density coal has contains little ash and is more
desirable. Another process to separate coal from foreign materials is call dry–shaling, which works
without the use of liquid. After being separated, coal can be processed into coke, and eventually
steel. When coal is transported, it can be by means of truck, train, or ship, and can go nearly
anywhere. Truck and train transportation are the cheapest forms, particularly train if you are
shipping a great amount, and ships are used for overseas transport. Underground mining accounted
for 96% of the coal produced each year when it was done manually, and this was fifty years ago.
Most underground mines are located to the east of the Mississippi River; however there are some in
Utah and Colorado. More than two–thirds of the coal mined underground is done so using
continuous mining machines in the room–pillar method. The continuous miner breaks the coal with
tungsten bits on a revolving cylinder, and then conveys it to waiting shuttles which then take the
coal to the

Economic Strategy for Business
4.
a.
(i) Labour intensive industry refers to industry that requires substantial amount of human labour to
produce industrial products. For example, in Australia coal mining is one of the labour intensive
industries. According to Australian Coal Association (Coal & the Community), black coal
mining is one of Australia's most important industries that creates employment, low–cost fuel and
important source of export revenue.
(ii) Coal mining industry is labour intensive because this particular industry requires a large number
of human labours to run heavy machinery and work in large factories to produce the goods.
(iii) Economies of scale is where the long–run average cost declines as production increases in
simple explanation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(i) The productivity of the glass installers will be increase in a change from salary to piece rates, on
the new system they will get paid based on the fixed amount per window completed. So the more
glasses they fixed, the more they will get paid. (ii) Increase in productivity leads to increase in the
total output, in this case number of glasses repaired or fixed. (iii) The average cost will stay the
same which is the old hourly wage system just like in 'Previous System' (iv) The turnover of
productive workers will be high because of the setting of piece rate in the 'New System' (v) If the
workers increase their output more because of the piece rate it will increase the profit for the
principal.
3.
(a) The marginal cost is (100–60)/(40–20) = 2
(b) The average cost at Qy = 20 is 60/20 = 3 The average cost at Qy = 40 is 100/40 = 2.5
(c) Yes. The average cost (AC) decrease from 3 to 2.5 when output increase from 20 to 40.
(d) The marginal cost is (180–75)/(45–15) = 3.5
(e) The average cost at Qx = 15 is 75/15 = 5 The average cost at Qx = 45 is 180/45 = 4
(f) Yes. The average cost (AC) decrease from 5 to 4 when output increase from 15 to 45.
(g) Since TC(15, 20) = 130 < TC(15, 0) = 75 + TC(0, 20) = 60 and TC(45, 40) = 260 < TC(45,
0) = 180 + TC(0, 40) = 100. Hence we have economies of scope.

(f) The fixed cost T(0, 0) = 60 – 20 = 40
1.
(a) AFC =

The Occupational Hazard Of The Coal Mining Industry
A research study provided by (Cecere,2009) concluded that individuals who did not have access to
an adequate health insurance policy had a forty percent higher risk of death than their more
financially stable counterparts. According to this study, an average of one American dies every thirty
minutes due to lack of adequate health care caused by financial ineligibility. The workforce also is
known as middle–class Americans whom are truly the ones that are directly affected by the inability
to afford decent health care. Consequently, working–class Americans are the ones who traditionally
are the unhealthiest due to the nature of many of the individuals ' careers. For example, black lung is
known occupational hazard in the coal mining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The AALL bill of 1915 led his campaign for health care reform. The bill would limit coverage to the
working class citizens. Families who made under 1200 dollars a year, including their dependents,
would be provided adequate health coverage. This bill included full medical coverage and also a
death benefit of fifty dollars for families to provide funeral services for the deceased. The fees were
to be shared between the individuals, employers, and the federal government. In the beginning, The
American Medical Association supported this bill; shortly thereafter many state medical societies
opposed this bill. The American Medical Association vehemently denied ever supporting the passing
of this bill. The affordable health care act provided expansion of Medicaid, which was federally
mandated until 2012 when it was shot down by the supreme court and was made it be the states
option. As of 2012 thirty–one states have elected to adopt this platform. The problem lies with the
states who have designed the expansion, and this leads to the wage gap. According to (Norris, 2015)
In Alabama Medicaid is only available to a family of three who make 2,611 dollars in annual
income. This law virtually only affects the homeless and those who do not work. Families and
individuals the state has also agreed to cover are citizens with

Coal Mining Is Destroying The Economy
From 2011 to 2014, five thousand eight hundred coal mining jobs have been stopped for a period of
time or closed for good. Coal is a black or dark–brown combustible mineral substance consisting of
carbonized vegetable matter, used as fuel for energy. That energy is for heating something or
creating electricity. Coal is a very important resource; it provides billions of people with heat for
their homes, electricity for lights, great paying jobs, and many other things.
The fall of coal is not only killing jobs, it is also killing the economy. Coal is losing the market. Coal
is the number one source of the energy needed for the world. Since 2012, fifty eight coal burning
plant burners have been shut down. From 2011 to 2014 there has been five ... Show more content on
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It also kills many more jobs besides just coal mining. It kills jobs such as the steel industry, all of the
different railroad transport companies, and many other high paying jobs. In the past few years there
has been over one point three million jobs killed by the government that consisted of coal mines. Of
that one point three million, five hundred thousand of them were in the steel industry. That means
that it will make it tougher to make cars and trucks. Everyone relies on their car or truck for some
reason, does not matter if it is for driving to work or pulling their camper. After all you can see that
the one type of company being killed and shut down comes back around and bites you later. It is not
only problem in the United States, it is also hurting other country's. China has had to spend one
hundred billion dollars for unemployment relief. Twenty percent of the unemployment is in the coal
and steel related

Impacts Of Coal Mining On The Environment
Coal mining can have seriously adverse environmental and related impacts, including interference
with groundwater quantity and quality, land subsidence, impacts on river flows and consequential
impact on other land–uses, issues associated with mining wastes disposal, creation of geological
hazards . . . and potential ecological havoc" (Bian et al., "The Impact of Disposal and Treatment of
Coal Mining Wastes on Environment and Farmland" 1). Coal, a commodity that the world depends
on as a vital economic player and energy resource, is extracted from the ground at a very costly
price to the environment. It is a major energy source that provides about 40% of the electricity that
the world consumes, and the consumption of coal has grown dramatically in recent years. Not only
is coal a major energy producer, but it is also a vital player in many countries economies, employing
millions across the world both directly and indirectly. Unfortunately, since coal is so important to the
economy and energy production, there is often little regard for the impacts that it has on the
environment when being extracted. In broad a generalization, coal mining techniques can be broken
down into two categories: surface mining and underground mining (the first involving techniques
that stay above ground and the latter using tunneling). Although environmental implications may
vary slightly between the two methods of coal extraction, there are a number of issues that are the
result of both surface

Coal Mining In West Virginia Essay
Before 1890 in West Virginia, you would not be able to see any signs of coal mining. However, after
1890 coal mining surged due to new legislative representatives favoring the use of land in an
industrial sense. Coal mining was now dominating the southern region of West Virginia. In the
beginning, coal mining did not seem to have many effects on the people or land; but, eventually
people became very aware of the negative consequences that came from coal mining. People are
now aware that coal mining in West Virginia was almost entirely detrimental to the environment as
well as the community. Throughout West Virginia, everyone agreed there was a large amount of air
pollution from coal mines. These air pollutants were so bad in the 1990s that the Clean Air Act was
enacted. However, this act had unforeseen consequences of its own. Coal companies began to need
much more readily available coal. So, they mined coal that was closer to the surface by using
mountaintop removal. This resulted in a decrease in jobs for miners because this was a much easier
and efficient way of removing coal. The many jobs that were originally created by coal mining were
now being cut. Now numerous people in West Virginia were left unemployed. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
People feared that these slurry–impoundments would collapse and cause direct harm to their
community. The young and elderly were so terrified of the collapses that they often times slept fully
clothed. Some schools had to permanently close due to conditions caused by the slurry–
impoundments. These impoundments have even killed many school children. While it didn't happen
in West Virginia, a very similar compound in Wales spilled over and killed 144 people. 116 of these
people were children who were attending school at the time. Disasters like these should no longer be
cautionary tales to slurry–impounds in West

Should We Be Mining And Processing As Much Coal?
Thermal Coal Energy synthesis
Imagine your daily life and how much technology is integrated into it, now, even if you don't think
that you use a lot of technology, remember that most of what we use today in our daily lives, need
some sort of electricity to make it, or run it. We live in a world that is almost dependent upon
electricity, modern life is unimaginable without electricity. Coal produces almost half of the
electricity we use. There is much controversy about coal and why we rely on it so heavily. The
question that emerges from this controversy is "should we be mining and processing as much coal as
we do on a daily basis, and should we downscale, or find alternatives?"
Before looking into the views of the question at hand, it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After it is brought out of the ground, the coal is then transported by either a train or a barge to
refineries. Upon arriving at the refineries, the coal is either washed by water, or put through a
chemical bath to remove some impurities. At the power plant, the coal is then pulverized to a
powder just before being burned. The coal powder is then pushed into a furnace where it ignites
while still airborne. This fuels the fire which heats up pipes with water running through them. The
water begins to boil, and under pressure, the water evaporates and becomes steam, this steam rises
and goes through turbines which rotates a generator, and creates electricity. Part or the water is then
condensed and put back into the pipes to repeat the process, although much water is lost in the
process. During the burning process, the coal powder under goes a chemical reaction that releases its
chemical properties into the air. Some of these elements that can be released are sulfur, nitrogen,
carbon, arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and some traces of uranium. After the coal has been
burned, the emissions are then pumped through filters and scrubbers. Scrubbers use limestone to
catch and filter out as much sulfur as possible. After the power has been made in the power plant
and the coal has been used, it is then

Utah's Coal Mining Industry
he coal mining industry started when people in Utah wanted fuel. Lumber at that time in Utah was
used just for building, not for fuel. In 1854, the LDS church said that they would pay for the first
usable coal mine within forty miles of Salt Lake City. The first coal mine was in Summit County. Its
name was Coalville, and it was about forty miles from Salt Lake City. The Mormons built a railroad
to the Coalville Coal Mine. They also found a mine that would give them fuel for transportation
named Castle Gate Mine. Soon the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad was built from 1881–
1883. It went to the Book Cliffs; that was discovered as Utah's richest coal deposit. Coal mining had
three big challenges The first problem with mining was labor. Most people that worked in the coal
mines were immigrants that came because they believed that mining would make them rich. The
second problem was money. The workers often complained about how low their wages were, and
how high the store prices were in mining camps. The last one was a safety concerns. It was very
dangerous working in coal mines. You could die from explosions, or gas leaks. Because of those
three problems, the workers protested and many strikes occurred. The first strike happened in 1883,
at Winter Quarters. They wanted safer working ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The next strike that happened was the evening of Sunnyside Mine's opening in 1899. They also
wanted safer working conditions. In 1900, the Scofield Mine explosion happened; killing 200 men.
It happened at Winter Quarters, on May 1st. The miners were in working the mine when four
mineshafts unexpectedly exploded. That led into the strike in 1901, again, about safety. Next, in
1903 and 1904, the miners attempt to gain the protection of a national union, but that also failed.
Then a local strike happens in the mine of Kenilworth in 1910. The Kenilworth mine was the first
independent mine in

Tort Law Case: The Pittson Coal Company
As I began to read this case, it was clear from the start that I would need to separate my emotions
from the objective facts of the situation. It was tragic what these people went through but my
analysis would not change anything that has already happened. On whether or not I agree with the
court, my opinion at first was that the individuals hurt during this disaster did not get paid enough.
However after much reflection, this was most likely the most they could be awarded and
additionally, keeping inflation in mind, the victims got paid much more than I had originally
believed they were paid. In regard to the court's usage of the law, it is in my opinion that they did
use the law correctly. Furthermore, they made the right decision in using tort law as opposed to
extradition, as was used in the gulf of Mexico spill. Each of the victims of this disaster had a wrong
committed to them and while if it was clearer who specifically is at fault for this disaster, a criminal
case could be the answer, in this case it was not as clear cut. If one could hand pick individuals
responsible for this an extradition like in the Gulf of Mexico spill may have been necessary,
however due to the nature of this case and wide range of people and organizations involved tort law
to me, seems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company had deep ties to the community and state it was in, and it became clear to me, even
before the case began that they would do anything in their power to slow down the progress of the
plaintiffs. Because I am no expert on laws pertaining to the limits of political influence I cannot say
for a fact that they were involved in illegal activity. However, at the very least it seemed
inappropriate how much sway they had compared to their victims. Although, this kind of influence
is not new when it comes to big companies like

The Negative Effects Of Coal Mining
Coal mining has generated, over the last century a series of negative impacts on our environment
such as coal mining accidents, land sinkage, damage to the water environment mining waste
disposal and air pollution. Although much of the damage is done to the environment it also affects
us humans too in such a way. However nothing has been done to help this complication to stop this
catastrophic activity to stop our planet from diminishing away.
How does is affect people?
Mining is the first step in the dirty life cycle of coal. When coal mines move in, whole communities
are forced of their land/providence due to expanding mines, which contribute massively to coal
fires, subsidence, and overused and contaminated water supplies, due to the poisonous fumes and
deadly minerals/chemicals. manufactured from the coal mines. Although coal mines are quick to
shut down and go away due to coal shortage they leave a path of destruction behind them like acid
mine drainage which can persist and spread to other lands such as crops for decades which would
also affect farmers near by by killing all their crops and affecting other land owners by spreading the
air with this dangerous and poisonous substance. Which would not enable the previous land owners
to come and live again due to the eradication the coal mine has left behind it. Noting coal miners
would have also been affected due to the poisonous gas surrounding all around their working
environment which would have made some very sick and some even losing their live due to the
amount of gas they transferred into their body.
Where is the conflict occurring?
Coal mining is a huge industry and it happens almost everywhere in the world. But then there are
ten top coal producers in the world which produces most of the worlds coal. China is by far the
worlds largest coal producer, producing 3700 MT annually. USA is the second top coal producer at
916 MT annually. India is the third largest coal producer producing 668 MT annually. Australia is
situated at number 4 producing 491MT annually. And Indonesia at fifth place producing 471MT
annually.
When did the conflict start?
Coal has been used for decades and centuries, so far back to around 1000 BC. However in the
1700's the

Coal Mining And Its Effects
When asked to think of coal mining, what comes to mind? A mountain with a hole cut into the side
of it with a set of railroad tracks disappearing into it? Maybe an old mine car or two full of some
rocks or coal, with a pickaxe and shovel leaning against it. A few guys with hard hats covered in a
black powder coming walking out of the mine pushing a car or two full of coal. The technology has
advanced but the process is basically still the same as well as the outcome. Coal is retrieved from
underground and taken to factories to be burnt to create electricity or to fuel the steel mills.
1 What is coal? Coal is a substance we consider today a fossil fuel, created from all the dead plants
millions of years ago. Coal is formed from prehistoric plants that when they die are not able to
release the energy they built up from photosynthesis Typically the plants had fallen into large
swamps and bogs, and then over time the dead plants lying on the bottom of the swamps and bogs
were slowly covered with other dead plants and sediment build–up. Once buried the plants were
subjected to high amounts of pressure and temperatures, which over long periods of time it becomes
peat then eventually creates coal. We refer to coal as a "fossil fuel" today because it is created from
prehistoric plants and the coal we have today has been millions of years since it was in plant form.
Today we coal is still being created we just don't fully recognize it because how long the process
actually takes.

Pro-Coal Mining And Anti-Coal Mining Methods
1. What is mountain top removal and what is its purpose? (.5 page)
Mountain top removal is the practice for removing the peaks from mountains to expose coal seams
for extraction, and dumping the excess rocks and earth is then dumped into holler fills. This is
accomplished by use of explosives and huge trucks and machinery. They are blowing off the top of
mountains and dumping the rubble into the water. It was originally intended to be a rare practice, but
now it is business as usual.
The purpose of mountain top mining is to maximize profit potential for coal companies. Coal
remains one of the significant sources of energy in the world. Approximately around 50 percent %
of the United States rely on coal as a provider for their electricity. These companies lease land from
residents and stand to gain most of the profits from the coal. Mountain top removal is cheap
alternative to traditional methods of manual extracting coal. Mountain top removal operations
requires only a few number of workers, but a large amount of big equipment, and dynamite. Not a
matter of putting people in a hole to get coal anymore. Now there is an entire industry built up
around extracting coal.
2. What are the different pro–coal mining and anti–coal mining arguments made throughout the
film? Who are the proponents/opponents of the coal mining industry and what sorts of
environmental ethics frameworks do they use to express their views? (1 page)
The pro–coal mining arguments made in the film are

Coal Mining
Coal mining is not only a dangerous job, but also life threatening and deadly. Many accidents have
happened over the years and coal mining is less popular than it was when it first started. Even
though today fifty percent of our electricity is powered by coal. There are four different types of
coalmines, each very different. The first type are drift or slope mines, they are driven into valley
walls near seams of coal. The second types of mines are shaft mines, these types of mines use
pumps to remove water. Boreholes are drilled to relieve water pressure for safer mining. The third
types of mines are surface mines. Surface mines use draglines, which can remove up to 200ft of coal
in a single pass. A dragline is a machine used in surface ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The United States on average mines about 950 million tons of coal each year. The coal mine with
the most production is the Thunder Basin Coal CO. The Black Thunder mine is in Wyoming, which
in 1994 produced 31,651,762 tons of coal. The average weekly pay for a coal miner is $903.76 and
about $39,067.60 per year. You can surface mine on both mountains and plains. Coal is a fossil fuel,
because it was formed from the remains of vegetation that grew as long as 400 million years ago. A
fossil fuel is a naturally occurring fuel of organic nature, such as coal, crude oil and natural gases. It
is often referred to as "buried sunshine" because the plants which formed coal captured energy from
the sun through photosynthesis to create the compounds that makes up plant tissue. Photosynthesis
is the process by which green plants convert light to energy by transforming carbon dioxide and
water into carbon hydrates. There are about 267 billion tons or, thirteen percent, of known American
reserves in the United States. The most important element in the plant material is carbon, which
gives coal most of its energy. Most of the coal today was formed about 300 million years ago, when
steamy swamps covered most of the earth. As plants and trees died, their remains sank to the bottom
of the swampy areas, accumulating layer upon layer and eventually forming a soggy dense material
called peat. Peat is a

Coal Mining In West Virginia
Have you ever thought about how your able to use a TV or lamp? There are people who have to
work in mines or around dangerous machinery just so we can have that privilege. Thousands of
miners and other people have been killed because of coal mining. Coal mining has brought some
good thought taxes and jobs created. The most important effects of coal mining on the state of West
Virginia are thousands of jobs being created, coal affecting West Virginia economically, and coal
being used for energy. To start, coal mining has created thousands of jobs. According to West
Virginia Coal Facts, "West Virginia coal employment had 26, 619 employees" (Source C) as of
2013. Coal mining has created jobs for the citizens of West Virginia. People come to

A Brief Note On Coal Mining Museum Report
Coal Mining Museum Report
PEME 1090: Introduction to Process Engineering
Lisa Kaufman (ID: 200857568)
Module leader: Dr Colin Poole
Date submitted: 12 January 2015
Word count: 1976
Table of Contents
The National Coal Mining Museum 1
Equipment Types 1
Mining Techniques 2
Dangers of Coal Mining 3
Modern Day Coal Mining 4
References 6 The National Coal Mining Museum
The National Coal Mining Museum is based at the site of Caphouse Colliery in Overton; once a
fully functioning mine. The museum has an area, 140 meters underground, which has been adapted
to demonstration the development and revolution in mining techniques through out the ages. It
presents mining techniques from the early 19th century all the way through to the present day. The
museum also houses an array of mining machinery and vehicles that has been conserved since its
use, which are kept in a gallery above ground. Such machinery includes locomotives, BJD coal
cutters, and a seventeen–tonne Dosco Roadheader that was used to cut roadways underground.
(National Coal Mining Museum, 2014)
Equipment Types
Coal had been in use far long before the 19th century, however, the arrival of the industrial
revolution saw a boom in the demand for coal and as a result coal mining became an enormous and
lucrative industry. Nonetheless, the equipment used in the early 19th century was still exceptionally
primitive and working conditions were also very harsh.
Shockingly, in those days it was not unusual for entire families to be

The Face Of Decline Of The Coal Mining Industry
The Face of Decline proceeds with the chronological coverage from the start of the mines/mining
industry to the decline of the mines/mining industry. First, the book gave a very clear and concise
description of the different topics that would be discussed. Also, they discuss how many people's
lives were affected from the mining industry. According to the many different details listed
throughout the book, the book focused generally on the importance of the coal mines, the
employees, and the hard times that everyone went through during the rising and declining on the
mining regions. Next, the book focuses on how being in the mines led to many health problems and
even death. Many health problems led to "black lung" which is caused from inhaling the fumes and
dust from being in the coal mines. The integration of the personal input and interviews about how
their lives were directly affected by the coal mining industry was a very effective strategy.
The coal mining and anthracite region faced many challenges throughout the years, and still faces
many struggles today. The coal mining and anthracite region was a very bumpy road for everyone.
The levels of coal within the industry have varied over time and with the help of new technology,
more coal was being found. The coal was now being used for other sources, specifically moving the
coal around the world by trains and ships. Also, there were many ways that coal was found, and the
ways that it has developed over time

Energy Vs. Beauty in Coal Mining Essay
Every day in the United States people turn on a light, use the oven, and watch television. The energy
needed to do these trivial everyday tasks is often taken for granted, yet it is greatly required at all
times. A small percentage of this energy is provided by the burning of coal to produce power. The
removal of coal for energy has been a long thought out process since the early 1960's (Holzman).
The removal of coal up until around the 1990's was all done underground, removing the coal by
using pick axes, mules, and rail cars. During the early and late 1990's, the extraction of coal was
modernized to mountain top removal (Holzman). Mountain top removal is the process of blasting
the top of a mountain away to retrieve coal from inside the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Mountain top removal often occurs in states such as West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and
Virginia. These states are rich in coal deposits and have many areas where mining may occur. Quite
often, coal companies use huge deposits of coal to make money, but mining these areas have been
damaging to the Appalachian region for decades. Environmental issues have become apparent with
massive flooding, rock slides, water contamination, and sludge impoundment (Community). All of
these have become major issues within communities among the eastern region, because they may
cause a community or environment to lose its significance.
Flooding is caused by the removal of trees and vegetation of an area on a steep grade mountain.
Hence, when this particular area has rainfall, the water has nowhere to go, thus causing a flash
flood. Blasting of a mountain can also cause rock falls to occur. Many strip mining sites are located
near a town or neighborhood, often endangering residents or homes to be struck by boulders or large
amounts of fly rock. Injuries can also be an issue with fly rock. Boulders have been known to come
crashing into houses and causing serious injury and even death. These massive boulders are pieces
that have been blown off by the blasting at the tops of the mountain. Water contamination takes
place around mountain top removal sites and causes runoff that feeds

Coal Mining Would You Do It
Coal Mining Would You do it? Did you know 33 Chilean coal miners got trapped in a coal mine for
69 days in 2010? Even though coal is a very important fossil and plays a big role in electricity in the
United States of America. It can be very dangerous. Mining has been on the list of the most
dangerous jobs in the world. Even though cost of coal is low and availability of coal is high. Would
you do it?
First, no I would not want to put my health at risk. I would not want to do this because coal miners
suffer from various medical problems such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) as
stated in passage 2. They also suffer from black lung disease. Also coal has to be burned to create
energy which lets off dangerous

The Importance of Safety in Coal Mining Companies
Employee Safety Importance of Safety One of the most vital investments made in any mining
company is to ensure that their people return safe and sound at the end of a day of work. In the
current era of rapid industrial growth, managing the impacts of this growth on the safety and
wellbeing of employees is critical. The impact also extends towards the mining companies, overall
labor pool and the constant threat of mine closures and job losses. Whenever there is an accident or
death in a mine, companies face routine shutdowns ordered by the government for investigations,
and work stoppages by union members. This causes companies to suffer huge production losses.
Government and the Focus on Safety The government has adopted a strong stance on Coal Mining
Safety and has extended a commitment towards increasing general safety for mineworkers. It is
envisaged that greater cooperation could contribute to the safety efforts. Government continues to
engage in constructive discussions to engage with both business and labour on how to improve on
safety. Growth and Safety BHP Billiton had decided to expand its operations through the creation of
project hubs in Toronto, Santiago, Houston, Brisbane and Perth. Responsibility for the hub
establishment was given to EPMC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management)
contractors who developed the projects under the supervision of and on behalf of BHP Billiton. This
growth presents challenges to the effective management of

Environmental Management Of Mining From New Acland Coal Mine
ENVM3305– Environmental Management in Mining
Field report– New Acland Coal Mine
Name: Sâmara Oliveira
Student number: s4338824
INTRODUCTION
The minerals are indispensable for the maintenance of industrial activity, since products such as
automobiles, machinery, tractors, cement, among others, are manufactured from raw materials
coming from this extraction and that these activities are often energetically dependents on certain
minerals, such as coal for example.
However, the mining activity promotes direct impacts on nature, leading to environmental
degradation. It is an activity that extracts resources that are on the ground or underground, from
where various types of minerals (gold, silver, iron ore, tin, bauxite, and many others) are removed.
Like all exploitation of natural resources, the mining activity causes impacts on the environment
both in the exploitation of natural areas and waste generation. It intensely alters the mined area and
the surrounding areas, where deposits of waste and tailings are made. Furthermore, when we have
the presence of harmful chemicals in the ore processing stage, this could mean a serious problem
from an environmental point of view (de Freitas, 2014).
According to Souza Silva (2007), the main problems arising from the mining can be grouped into
five categories: water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, land subsidence, fires caused by coal
and radioactive waste.
Through this report will be made a specific of the

Coal Mining Lab
Lab 4 – Energy Sources and Alternative Energy
Experiment 1: The Effects of Coal Mining
Table 1: pH of Water Samples
Water Sample
Initial pH
Final pH (24–48 hours)
Pyrite
6
4
Activated Carbon
7
8
Water
7
7
POST LAB QUESTIONS
1. Develop hypotheses predicting the effect of pyrite and coal on the acidity of water?
a. Pyrite hypothesis = If pyrite is added to a beaker with 100mL of water, then it will reduce the pH
over 48 hours.
b. Coal hypothesis = It activated carbon is added to a beaker with 100mL of water, then it will
increase the pH over 48 hours.
2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept each hypothesis that you
produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this.
a. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Develop hypotheses predicting the efficiency of solar energy from direct sunlight against the 4
variables tested?
Direct vs indirect hypothesis = If the solar panel is faced towards direct sunlight, then the motor will
move faster.

Direct vs reflected hypothesis = If the solar panel is faced towards a reflected sunlight, then the
motor will move slower.
Direct vs shaded hypothesis = If the solar panel is placed in a shaded location, then the motor will
not move at all.
Direct vs filtered hypothesis = If solar panel is covered with a colored filter, then the motor will
either move the same or slower depending on the color.
2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept each hypothesis that you
produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this.
Direct vs indirect accept/reject =
Direct vs reflected accept/reject =
Direct vs shaded accept/reject =
Direct vs filtered accept/reject =
3. Does increased exposure to the sun's light produce more current? Explain how you know this
based on your data?
Answer =
4. How could you increase the electricity generated by a solar cell during the day, when the

Environmental Impacts Of Coal Mining
It has been long recognized that there are many environmental consequences by extracting, using
and disposing of coal. Due mainly to the nature of the coal deposits which are typically full–size,
covering huge regions including more than one seams extending over big vertical durations. Coal
mining in all likelihood consequences in an extra disturbance to the geologic conditions of an area
than any other form of mining(Ehlen, Haneberg & Larson, 2005, p. 79). The two ways to mine coal;
surface mining and underground mining both extraction operations have their own personal negative
impact on the environment. Strip mining a type of surface mining, is highly destructive scraping
away at earths landscape to reach the coal buried near the surface removing plants, trees and topsoil.
Also, another type of surface mining; mountaintop mining blasts off the tops of mountain's to reach
coal seams within, creating drastic changes in topography. Whereas, underground coal extraction
has its fair share of environmental impacts as well, such as subsidence and underground coal fires.
Mine subsidence and collapses have the potential to produce major effects above ground, which are
especially devastating in developed areas, destroying roads and buildings. Craig, Vaughan &
Skinner (2011) found that "there are an estimated 300 underground coal fires still burning in the
United States; in many parts of the world, coal beds have been accidentally or spontaneously
ignited" (p.142). The

Coal Mining Dbq

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