Arctic Sea Ice Decline Impacts Polar Bears

Arctic Sea Ice Essay
Alarming pictures of polar bears have given huge cause for concern to people all over the world, and
it turns out they're not the only ones radically changing their behaviour to adapt to climate change
and the shifts to their habitats.
Huddling, and Not for Warmth
An astounding 35,000 Pacific walruses in Alaska left the Arctic seas to crowd into a beach. As we
saw in 2009, this makes for a very risky hazard. If the walruses are startled or disturbed, they will
return to the Arctic sea ice, but it's current state puts them in severe danger and at risk of death.
With the Arctic sea ice now at its fourth lowest level in history, walruses are seeing their ecosystem
shifted completely. To make matters worse, Royal Dutch Shell is drilling for oil ... Show more
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Global temperatures could skyrocket, the ice caps at both poles will deteriorate and climate could
change completely as we know it.
Of course, world leaders are not unaware of this fact. President Barack Obama was in Alaska
recently talking about these changes. He commented that action isn't being taken fast enough, and
that while the US is a leader in the creation of this problem, they're also willing to be a leading part
in its solution. This was said in a conference where other leaders participated, representing countries
that already have interest in tackling the Arctic and these pools filled with possible fuels to burn.
We Are Also Be Victims to Climate Change
Climate change is not only going to affect animals – rising sea levels may even start displacing
people in their own land (and it has already begun), and it could reach a point where 1 in every 45
people may become a refugee of climate change.
A chilling thought, and it may already be too late, but there is still hope to try and delay – maybe
even reverse these
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Cause And Effects Of Global Warming
People pollute and burn things like plastic which causes population .Ice is melting worldwide,
especially at the Earth's poles. This includes mountain glaciers, ice sheets covering West Antarctica
and Greenland, and Arctic sea ice. Global warming also it is impacting the environment. isaac
②That's the conclusion of some of the world's leading geoscientists, who conducted a study that
found global warming is occurring more slowly than computer models forecast a decade ago. The
study, published in the journal Nature Geoscience , does not contradict the scientists' concerns that
global warming is dramatically damaging the environment, but it does suggest that it's not too late to
do something about it. Causes and effects of climate change What causes climate change (also
known as global warming)? And what are the effects of climate change? Learn the human impact
and consequences of climate change for the environment, and our lives.
The planet is warming, from North Pole to South Pole. Since 1906, the global average surface
temperature has increased between 1.1 and 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit (0.6 to 0.9 degrees Celsius)–even
more in sensitive polar regions. And the effects of rising temperatures aren't waiting for some far–
flung future–signs of the effects of global warming are appearing right now. The heat is melting
glaciers and sea ice, shifting precipitation patterns, and setting animals on the move.
Ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earth's poles. This

Sea Ice Concentration
According to Dr. Parmentier and his team, regional differences are of colossal importance in this
particular study due to the massive spatial variability in both sea ice concentrations and methane
emissions (Parmentier el at., 2015). If sea ice departure occurs near a region with vast wetlands, it is
preferably likely that methane emissions are altered as opposed to melt occurring far off. Therefore,
sea ice concentration was measured to the isolated grid cells of models representing methane. The
grid used by Dr. Parmentier and his team was a grid–specific index of sea ice cover that represented
a weighted average of sea ice concentration that is dominated by close by ice, with a less impact
from remote changes in the ice. This grid being closely

Cause And Effect Of The Arctic Sea Ice
People know that "Human–driven climate change" (Fiona Harvey, November 25, 2017) has become
an international issue which has triggered to warm air temperature. The Arctic, the regions around
the North Pole, has huge ice. Since the more the temperature rises, the more ice melt, climate
change and the ice melt have extremely a strong connection. Furthermore, a lot of species live below
the sea of the Arctic, also there are some people who place their home in this area. As a result,
global warming leads to the change of the Arctic sea ice condition which influences the environment
and the people of the Arctic.
Arctic sea ice has responsibility for stopping the rise of temperature on the earth; however, the
expanse of the ice has been decreasing. Arctic sea ice has a significant element on the earth. The ice
plays a role of lowering the sea and air temperature like "air conditioner" (Stevens, F. 2016) by
reflecting the heat of the sun back to the universe. This means the ice has the ability of regulating
heat. However, the "air conditioner" has not been working as much as people expect. According to
Science Daily, the amount of the Arctic sea ice in 2017 has gotten smaller, 7 million square
kilometers in 1970s and 1980s to 4.7 million square kilometers, and the ice thickness has decreased
thirty percent compared to between 2001 and 2004 (Alfred Wegener Institute, September 15, 2017).
The reduction of the ice extent causes not to fulfill a function as the "air conditioner" In

Sea Ice Has Evolved Over Time
HISTORY – CONTROVERSY FROM THE PAST In order to provide context for the recent decline
of ice in the sea, it is imperative to understand how the sea ice has varied over the past two
centuries. Of particular interest, the period around 1920–1940 showed an "increase in almost twice
the global average rate in past 100 years. [ ]" The warming during this time can be used to compare
the decline of sea ice observed since 1979, but what will also be discussed is how this time period
was also quite controversial due to its substantial variance between the official views and views held
by other people. The reliability of the sea ice observations during the first half of the 20th century
according to some people cannot provide certainty to estimating

Economic Perspective Of Climate Change
Luzhen Wu
Professor Belfied
Eco 228W
5/8/16
Economic perspective of Climate change Climate is an average weather condition during a region in
a given period, it will not change by one day or one night, but instead caused through over time.
From the perspective of meteorology, The climate change refers to a specific location, time of
regional or global climate change or conversion, based on the all of the conditions associated with
the average weather characteristics, such as temperature, wind and precipitation etc. According to
the IPCC's Synthesis Report, "Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have increased since the
pre–industrial era, driven largely by economic and population growth, and are now higher than ever.
This has led to atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide that are
unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years. Their effects, together with those of other
anthropogenic drivers, have been detected throughout the climate system and are extremely likely to
have been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid–20th century" (Page4) Human
are the main reason to cause the climate change. While during the climate changing in naturally,
human activities have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere, causing the today's
climate change. And this change is not only hindering the progress and development of society but
also affect human society and the survival of

Polar Bear Populations: Article Analysis
In the scientific article Feeding and reproductive ecology of two polar bear populations the
researchers focused on the study of two polar bear populations that being the Chukchi Sea and the
Beaufort Sea. Primarily researchers investigated the effects of ice loss in these areas with a focus
finding out whether size, condition, and reproductive indices are being affected by climate changes
leading to sea ice loss. This study is an important area of research because of the vast decline in sea
ice, leading to Polar bear deaths. Polar bears depend on sea ice because it's a way for them to hunt
for prey, that being seals. In order to examine polar bear conditions, polar bears were located from a
helicopter and immobilized with a dart containing

Argumentative Essay On Polar Bears
Did you know that polar bears are the only bears that do not hibernate? Polar bears live In the cold,
so there is no need. However, lately the bears icy habitat has not been as cold as it should be.
Although these animals are incredible, climate change, ice thawing, and food sources declining is
starting to affect this species in a very negative way. The polar bear species is very unique when it
comes to where, and how it lives. Living mainly in places such as The United States, Canada,
Greenland, Norway, and Russia. Polar bears have elongated necks and smaller heads, black skin,
and white fur. Every part of their outside bodies are covered in fur except for their noses and
mouths. They typically over 1,000 pounds. Females are much smaller ... Show more content on
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This is because the females do not have enough food. If they do not have the right amount of protein
and energy, they really cannot reproduce. Also, the bear cubs cannot survive in a warmer climate.
Their small bodies are not able to handle the warmth when they should be living in the cold. There
is not enough breeding going on to keep this species safe and not endangered. The ideal living to
keep them reproducing is cold climate, enough food, and endless amounts of ice. Right now, polar
bears are losing everything that they need to

Katmai National Park And Reserve
Katmai Research Surrounded by volcanoes and rocky beaches, is a national park. Katmai National
Park and Reserve is waiting for you to explore its features and history. Katmai has a large
population of bears. Once a year they feast on salmon, which come from the north. Some of
Katmai's land has volcanoes. Those volcanoes are part of the Pacific ocean. Alaska is where Katmai
waits for you. Come explore Alaska, Katmai home state. Alaska is very snowy. It was officially the
49th state of America. Alaska is not connected to the United states. Katmai is connected to Canada.
If you want to think about that for a while then do it, but I saved you time by telling you this.
Volcanoes are a large part of Alaska . The volcanoes are

How The Excess Burning Of Fossil Fuels Changed The Climate
Matthew Diaz
Professor Kerry Ybarra
Philosophy 2
August 31, 2015
The Human Factor
In recent years arctic ice has been melting faster than it can replenish itself. Many climatologists
believe the ever increasing volume of melting ice is due to human activity. In this paper I hope to
show you how the excess burning of fossil fuels has changed the climate, and therefore plays a part
in the melting of arctic ice.
Artic ice melts each summer and refreezes each winter, this a natural thaw – freeze cycle, but in
recent years this cycle has been greatly affected by global warming. Summer ice has been melting
much more rapidly, which affects the average thickness of the ice. This also changes the ocean's
albedo drastically. It no longer reflects the sun's energy, but rather absorbs it due to its dark, open
waters. This is the beginning of a very destructive cycle: the loss of ice leads to the warming of the
ocean which in turn leads to more ice loss. The thinning and eventual loss of ice can have major
effects on regional temperatures. This can cause shoreline erosion which would force thousands of
locals to relocate to higher ground. It would also cause great damage to natural resources and
habitats.
Our country's various and abundant wildlife resources, which are important to our culture, face a
bleak future should we choose not to address the problem that is global warming. Polar bears rely on
Arctic sea ice as hunting grounds, but with the ice dwindling in size food has become

Albedo Research Paper
Ice, like other reflective surfaces, absorbs and reflects light. Different colors of light emits different
wavelengths. Lighter colors of light such as red, yellow, and orange have longer wavelengths
ranging from 500 nanometers to 700 nanometers. Darker colors such as blue, green, and purple have
a shorter wavelength, ranging from 380 nanometers to 500 nanometers. Anything above 700
nanometers are considered infrared and anything below 380 is considered ultraviolet. Ultraviolet
lights are so powerful to the point that extensive exposure would knock off electrons from the atom
causing alters the DNA. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation and is produced in
wavelengths. Photons excites atoms causing them to vibrate, the vibration that the photon causes in
the atom is what we consider heat. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Albedo always has a reflection coefficient ( the amount of electromagnetic wave reflected) of less
than 1, that goes from 0 (no reflection) to 1 (perfect reflection) (Coakley, 2003). Factors that go into
the amount of albedo is the angle the light and the wavelength of the light shone on the ice. The
absorption of solar energy causes surface temperatures to increase, evaporating water and melting
ice and snow (Coakley, 2003). Hence making albedo one of the leading causes of climate change.
Sea ice is classified in many ways. There are many variations of sea ice that differ from ice
thickness to growth rate and to age of the ice (Light et al., 2003). Sea ice that has no more than one
year of growth from fall to winter are considered first–year sea ice (FYI), also known as young ice.
Multi–year sea ice (MYI), also known as old ice, is ice that has survived more than one summer
melt. It is also much thicker than first year ice, but throughout the years there has been an increase
in first–year sea ice and a decrease in multi–year sea

Polar Bears Research Paper
Polar Bears Polar bears are endangered species in Arctic area's. They are carnivorous bears that are
white and furry. Eight of the nine polar bear populations decreased. Polar bears have black skin
under their fur and have fat that measures to 4.5 inches thick. They have long necks which is
beneficial for them because it helps them swim and when they catch their prey in the tiny holes.
Polar bears are said to be as smart as apes. They usually weigh from 350 to 700 kg. There is an
estimated amount of 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears still living today.
The Great White polar bear is the largest of the world's bear species. Two–thirds of polar bears are
predicted to be extinct by 2050. Polar bears are carnivores. They eat mainly ringed seals and fish.
The amount of humans today in the world are the reason why polar bears are going ... Show more
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Which means they are connected to the arctic fox, musk ox, and caibou. The nutrient cycle in the
Arctic Sea contains of carbon and nitrogen. There is more than one way the nutrient cycle works.
One way is the carbon cycle can start off with phytoplankton and algae taking up carbon dioxide
from sea water and transforms it into the organic carbon of their tissue. Even the consumers prey in
the ecosystem that "converts their prey's carbon into their own tissue oro into shrinking fecal
pellets". Decomposers return the nutrients back into the soil in the arctic, but the consumers capable
of helping put carbon back into the ecosystem by breathing or respiring. The nitrogen makes up 79
percent of the atmosphere so when there is snowfall in the tundra, the snow of the nitrogen is rich
and eventually deposits back into the soil. Animals are only able to benefit from the nitrogen after
the plants use it to make more proteins and nucleic acid. It starts with algae and then moves onto
shrimp, cod fish, seals, and polar

Effects Of Sea Ice On Polar Bears
Introduction Due to the effects of greenhouse gases, the sea ice that polar bears rely on for foraging
and shelter is declining rapidly. Some populations of polar bears are forced to depend on their stored
fat for energy during summer due to melting of the sea ice, which prevents them from hunting more
efficiently. Being forced to rely on stored fat leads to a decline in energy intake, which leads to a
decline in body mass. A decline in body mass correlates with slower reproductive rates and
decreasing survival rates, which effects the growth and genetic diversity of the population. The
increased amount of open water in between sea ice causes the polar bears to swim for greater
lengths and therefore makes it more difficult for female polar bears to find proper dens for
reproducing and protecting their offspring (Derocher and Stirling, 2012). The rate at which the sea
ice declines is projected to accelerate over time (Derocher and Stirling, 2012), which means we will
soon reach a year when severe malnutrition will lead to an irreversible decrease of polar bear
populations (Aars et ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, many human–bear interactions lead to death of the polar bear, which can only lead to
more negative effects on their, already declining, populations (Aars et al., 2013). All of these factors
leading to high mortality rates and low reproduction rates which are causing a severe lack in genetic
diversity of polar bears due to the extremely limited gene pool (Derocher and Stirling, 2012).
Conclusion In conclusion, the melting of the sea ice leads to a lack of food availability, increased
swimming time, and dysfunctional maternal dens, which causes loss of body mass, declined
reproductive fitness, increased human–bear interaction, lack of genetic diversity, and ultimately
higher mortality

Polar Bears : Climate Change
Polar Bears rely upon sea ice for survival. They hunt on seals that are found on sea ice. Climate
change and the atmospheric warming have caused the Arctic ice to melt, resulting in loss of habitats
for polar bears. This essay will focus on how has climate change and increase in temperature
affected the polar bears and what can we do about it.
INTRODUCTION
In everyday news, there is always that one article that talks about how climate changes are scary and
how it is affecting all of us. Some of us read it carefully and some of us just do not care. But it is a
global issue that humans need to come together and think about. Throughout the history of human
evolution, many revolutions have occurred (e.g. industrial revolution). Inventions of complex
technologies and industries have caused pollution through the emissions of many greenhouse gases.
One of the main climate change, increasing the temperature of the environment, is global warming.
An increasing greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation and rapid burning of fossil fuels are
continually causing the warming of the climate. The sunlight is the main source of energy on the
planet but when greenhouse gases increase in the environment, it traps the heat radiating from earth
toward space, causing the global warming. This "greenhouse effect" not only affects the plants but
also animals including humans. Polar bear is one of those animal species that has been affected very
much from this warming of the weather. Polar bears live

The Causes Of Climate Change
What is Climate change? Is a change in the usual weather at a certain place. In this case earth. Earth
keeps getting warmer and its temperature has risen and is still rising. The Arctic has been warming
at a faster speed due to climate change. It is mainly caused by human burning of fossil fuels. Which
is the process that produce greenhouse gases. Climate change does not only affect us humans but as
well as the amazing species that surrounds us. Polar bears or Ursus maritimus who are carnivorous
mammal and mainly live in the sea ice of the Arctic have been added to the the list of endangered
species. Polar bear's spend most of their time on the ice and depend on it as a platform to hunt seals,
rest and breed. As a researcher wrote on the The Guardian, "Satellite data revealed that the total
number of ice–covered days across the 19 regions declined at a rate of seven to 19 days per decade
from 1979 to 2014." The change in temperature is leading to the rapid melting of the sea ice. The ice
is melting earlier in spring and it freezes later in autumn. Because of it polar bears have to spend
more time on shore or traveling further to keep up with the melting ice. To which without the sea ice
polar bear's must look for other less nutritious food since they cannot out swim seals. When the ice
melts polar bears come to shore and survive of their stored fat until ice freezes again, but it is a
period that has become longer for them. Especially, for the mother polar bear and their newborn
cubs. That have to stay on shore and even face starvation due to the fact that there is rarely any ice
for them to go hunt. The main prey for polar bears are mainly seals since bears need large amount of
fat to survive and seal provide that for them. Although they spend about 50% of their time hunting
for food and at times may catch one or two out of ten seals they hunts. Since, they have to spend
more time on the shore and find their way around to find food usually come in contact with human
in which it usually does not result good for the humans or polar bears. In a "Polar Bear'' by World
Wildlife and Climate change series shows the study on polar bear in which gives a variety of
information from diet, to gene flow, to adaptation

A Dangerous Threat To Antarctica Essay example
Global warming is one of the most tumultuous topics in today's society. Some believe it is
happening as we speak, while others question its very existence, So, is it real, or is merely a hoax?
There is no one answer, but evidence does overwhelmingly support the former. Surely we have all
heard this word at one time or another, but few individuals actually know its true definition.
Justifiably, however, global warming is not that simply explained. In layman's terms, it is the
dramatic increase in the Earth's average air and ocean temperature since the 20th century. This
increase is primarily attributed to two main culprits: the greenhouse effect and human activity, such
as fossil fuel burning. In both cases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the ... Show more content on
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As a result, it is no surprise scientists have estimated that in the last two hundred years the global
temperature has risen by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Maybe that does not sound like much, but consider
this: it only took four degrees to bring us out of the last Ice Age. Experts agree that global warming
is one of the greatest–if not the greatest–challenge facing all of humanity. The environment around
us carries the scar caused by global warming. Precipitation has increased across the globe, which
has consequently caused more frequent floods, an increase in sea levels, and a higher frequency of
strong storms. Lakes are drying up, islands are virtually dropping into the ocean, and the polar ice
caps are disappearing. The planet is truly in peril. This paper will focus on three regions of the Earth
in particular: Antarctica, the Amazon Rainforest, and the Great Barrier Reef. More specifically, it
will examine the extent of the impact that global warming has had on each region.. Antarctica is the
coldest, driest, and most inhospitable continent on Earth. Yet it is yields some 90 percent of the
Earth most precious natural resource: water. But behind this pristine exterior, Antarctica is fighting a
losing battle. New data suggests that the continent as a whole is warming at an alarming rate.
According to recent studies gathered from Nature Magazine, the western half of the continent is
warming five times faster than any other place

Polar Bear Challenges
Polar bear is the largest land carnivore in the world, it is an animal native to the Arctic. They live
without definite residence but migrate across the ice and through the seas from Russia to Alaska,
Canada to Greenland and onto the Svalbard archipelago. Adequate food and energy are the key for
polar bear to survival in the harsh arctic environment. In recent years, however, the polar bears have
faced enormous challenges in arctic, where they have no natural enemy. It is well known that the
normal temperature of human body is around 36.5 degree centigrade, sometimes, sudden illness
causes a rise in body temperature. Every sudden increase in temperature of human body is a threat to
human health. The same is happening with the global climate system. On the surface, the
temperature is just a fraction of degree centigrade but the air temperature can be changed very
severe during a certain period and it also causes a chain reaction of weather and climate. The
Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that since the industrial revolution, the
average temperatures of Earth surface has risen by 0.6 degree centigrade (Lisa V. Alexander).
Moreover, the rise in temperature is concentrated in recent decades, there has been an upward trend
of about 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade. Global warming has already affecting the Earth's
ecosystems. The polar bear was the first species be listed as a threatened species in the US under the
Endangered Species because of the threats

Polar Bear Environmental Impact
Throughout history, humans have modified their environment to suit their needs, such as housing,
agriculture, and industry, but we are now seeing major changes to the environment on a scale not
witnessed before. The greenhouse effect has run rampant through man's use of fossil fuels and is
causing major changes to the planet, many unseen by people not directly affected. Human overuse
of dirty energies that produce CO2 has led to shrinking Arctic ice and warmer temperatures that
cause disruption for the animals and people who live there. Glaciers, in places such as Iceland and
Canada, and the Arctic ice sheet are melting, breeding seasons are changing, and people and animals
are being displaced (Greene et. al., 2008). Some changes have been ... Show more content on
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The frequency of long distance swims in the polar bear population is increasing, beginning in late
spring as the sea ice starts melting, when the bears migrate from the sea ice to land or offshore pack
ice (Pilfold et. al. 2017). Warmer temperatures are causing ice to become much thinner and more
mobile. "Instead of walking on a consolidated sea ice surface, polar bears may be forced to
undertake long distance swims to complete their migratory route (Pilfold et. al. :190, 2017)." Since
polar bears are not pack animals, the effects of climate change on migratory behavior can vary
greatly between individual, and, therefore, this study compares male and female adults and male and
female subadults. Subadults of both sexes swam as much as an adult female did, but adult females
with cubs were less likely to swim than the other age classes (Pilfold et. al. 2017). The swims are
also made in correlation to the ice; there is a positive relation in the distance of the ice from land and
the rate in which it retreated with the frequency of swims. Most swims were made before the ice had
reached its minimum, and when it expands again, the bears track its movement toward the
continental shelf (Pilfold et. al.

Climate Change : The Primary Causes And Effects Of Climate...
Climate Change Effects The climate change is the unusually rapid increase in Earth's average
surface temperature over the years primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning
fossil fuels. Climate change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar
radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certainly, human activities have
been identified as primary causes of ongoing climate change, often referred to as global warming.
Climate change has been a problem for many years. Usually, people tend to think that this problem
has been developed in the last decades, but that is absolutely false. Climate change is originate from
more than 5,000 years ago when the first humans beings started clearing land by cutting and burning
forest according to the Professor of Environmental Science William F. Ruddiman. This happens
because when forests are burn, carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere thus causing damage to the
environment. Clearly, the earth has experienced climate change in the past, but the current climatic
warming is occurring much more rapidly than past warming events. The effects of climate change
are affecting our ecosystems considerably. Global climate change has already had observable effects
on the environment. Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking up earlier, plant and
animal ranges have shifted and trees are flowering sooner. The effects that scientists had predicted in
the past would result from global climate change are now occurring: loss of sea ice, accelerated sea
level rise and longer, more intense heat waves.
To begin with, one of the most important effects of the climate change is that the temperatures will
continue rise. Because human–induced warming is superimposed on a naturally varying climate, the
temperature rise has not been, and will not be, uniform or smooth across the country or over time.
The National Climate Assessment (NCA), which is a central component of the U. S. Global Change
Research Program (USGCRP), stated in the last report to the congress that the temperatures are
going up little by little.
Second, another effect that will impact the earth because of the climate change, it is the rise of

Polar Ice Caps Melting
In this essay I express how the melting of the polar ice caps in the North Pole is affecting the
survival of habitats of organisms around the world. The common misconception is that only polar
bears are suffering from global warming. Because of rapid climate change in multiple areas around
the globe, many organisms are unable to live in their normal habitat. They are unable to adapt to
these new conditions as fast as they are changing. There are many effects of global warming that is
affecting the livelihood of many animals and in this essay I will explain how the effects are hurting
the earth's population of animals.
What is Global Warming? Global warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the
earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon
dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. The Green House Effect is the process in which
the absorption and emission of infrared radiation by gases in the atmosphere warm a planet's lower
atmosphere and surface. These greenhouse gases traps some of the heat emitted by the Earth. The
problem with global warming is that is an anthropomorphic problem. The human race is polluting
and misusing our earth. The people here on earth have substantially increased the quantity of CO2 in
the atmosphere. This is a result of burning fossil fuels, coal, oil and gas emissions from automobiles.
The quantity of CO2 36%is higher than in preindustrial times. The more

Impact Of Global Warming On Polar Bears
Global warming threatens polar bears survive
Polar bear but the former "Arctic hegemony", but now the situation report risk: drowning,
cannibalism, and human fought ""
The root causes of this series of bizarre events are due to global warming.
Bear War spate
In 2004, US scientists in Beaufort Bay found four drowned polar bears as "super swimmer"
And all day on pack ice from the shuttle Walker, drowning event was incomprehensible. In the same
year, it took place in polar bear territory
Bizarre murder, people found the bodies of two small polar bear in a cave collapse, even outside the
cave animals
Continued heavy blow traces of the cave at the top, not far away, there is an incomplete mother
bear's body. This "vicious" event exactly
By whomever? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In lactation, female polar bears
Consume large amounts of fat stored in the body, on the one hand to make it into the milk for
feeding calves, on the other hand to maintain their
Body temperature, so a female polar bear over the winter after the body weight can reduce by half.
For these reasons, the polar bear fertility
It fell by 15%. Melting sea ice, polar bears will one day trapped in the sea, so that they can not
return to their own land to construction
Nest. Scientists predict that by 2050, the number of polar bears will be reduced by 30%. Only the
northern Canadian Arctic
Greenland and the West Bank to be able to make the world's about more than 10,000 polar bears
continue to survive.
More intense greenhouse effect on the Arctic
The greenhouse effect caused by global warming, we are perceived more as a "winter is not cold,
not hot in summer," why was it
Let the polar bear cold and hunger, homelessness, on the verge of extinction? Why is the strongest
response to global warming is the place chosen to Arctic
The ice and snow of the place? Arctic ice cap has two categories: one is the sea ice cover in the
Arctic Ocean, one is

The Complex Issue of Climate Change
The effects of climate change are much more complex then a simple rise in temperature. Habitats
and the species that rely on them are disappearing, in what I view as a 'snowball effect' of
biodiversity loss. A reduction in a species habitat will have dire consequences for them as well as
other species that co–exist with them, over time every aspect of that environment is affected. In the
Artic, sea ice is melting at a faster then it has in centuries. According to an article published by
Aarhus University "Climate change is by far the worst threat to Arctic biodiversity. Temperatures are
expected to increase more in the Arctic compared to the global average, resulting in severe
disruptions to Arctic biodiversity some of which are already visible" (Aarhus University, 2013).
Among the many species being affected, the polar bear population has already experienced serious
decline because of its reliance on sea ice. Polar bears rely on the sea ice to hunt, breed, and, in some
cases, den. Changes in their population and distribution are starting to become noticeable within the
Arctic ecosystem. There are social, environmental and economic effects associated with the negative
effects climate change has on the polar bear population. Because of these dire consequences related
to climate change, swift action must be taken in order to help protect this species and its
environment. Polar bears have an extensive history in human culture, starting very early in history
and

Global Warming is Changing the Artics Essay
Earth is our one and only home. Without it, life as we know it would not be sustainable. We, this
current generation and the previous generation, have seemed to take for granted the fragile nature of
the Earth. These generations have done this because they have done very little to nothing to fix the
problem of global warming. More often than not, people are ignorant of the global warming
situation because they know nothing about global warming and its effects on the planet. What is
global warming? Global warming can be defined as "an increase in the earth's atmospheric and
oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse effect resulting
especially from pollution" ("Global Warming"). This greenhouse ... Show more content on
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The study indicated a significant decline in the amount of summer snowfall. With this information,
they determined that the decline was most likely the result of snow changing into a different rain.
Although one might question if this result might have been because of the lack of precipitation, they
determined that there was not a significant influence of decrease in the total amount of precipitation
in the areas. As they looked back to annual data collected and the data that was recently collected,
they determined statistically that "99% of the summer snowfall decline is linked to Arctic Warming
over the past two decades"(Screen and Simmons). They continue by explaining with more of these
greenhouse gases that "the solar input to the Arctic Ocean has increased" (Screen and Simmons).
Each of these examples shows that global warming has a direct effect on climate. All of these
climate problems have stemmed just from greenhouse gases caused by global warming.
If global warming keeps going unchecked, there will be dire consequences for the Arctic. There
have been several prediction models that show what type of climate and environment that the Arctic
will have in the future. Stephen Vavrus and his colleagues display this prediction through the
National Center for Atmospheric Research's Community Climate System Model, version four
(CCSM4). The CCSM4 shows that the it is going to be "a much warmer, wetter, cloudier, and
stormier

Rhetorical Analysis Of WWF
WWF Rhetorical Media Analysis Stopping the degradation of the planet´s natural environment and
to build a future in which humans live in harmony and peace with nature, it is the World Wide Fund
for Nature's (WWF) fundamental mission. In order to accomplish this difficult task, effective
persuasion methods have to be used. The WWF has to make humans feel empathy and responsibility
for their planet´s health in order to be successful. A website addressing all the problems along with
statistics is an exceptional way to achieve it. The Polar Bears section of the WWF´s website will be
analyzed with the intention of demonstrating the audience how the author uses the rhetorical
elements of pathos, logos, and ethos.
Pathos
Pathos is often associated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It authenticates everything we hear, see, read, and study. Without proper verification, either through
factual evidence, or through accredited sources, every piece of information should be taken with a
grain of salt. However through proper connections, ethical behavior, expert opinion, and scientific
research, any organization and individual, could achieve a proper amount of credibility, or ethos.
The WWF is an organization with an admiring credibility and vision. It has become one of the
world's leading conservation authorities for 54 years. Even with its strides in the conservation field,
the WWF continues to expand its goals for future environmental conservation of the

A Look Into The Environmental Strategies Incorporated At...
Environmentalism in the UK:
A Look into the Environmental Strategies Incorporated at Marks and Spencer
Rachel E. Tackett
Southeastern University
Abstract
The following paper explores environmentally friendly strategies utilized in the UK based multi–
million–dollar corporation, Marks and Spencer. Marks and Spencer is a food and retail corporation,
with headquarters in London, England. The following paper will analyze the effectiveness of
utilizing environmentally friendly strategies in a large corporation, such as M&S, and how those
strategies could be implemented in a US based startup food and retail business, specifically located
in central Florida.
Environmentalism in the UK: A Look into the Environmental Strategies Incorporated at Marks and
Spencer
Author and environmentalist Richard Welford asserts: "There is a recognition that the environmental
crisis exists but a great deal of helplessness about what to do about it" (1997, p. x). Marks and
Spencer (M&S), founded in 1884, is a thriving, sustainable, environmentally friendly retail and food
company located in the United Kingdom. Marks and Spencer adheres to a strategy by what they
deem as "Plan A...a journey to make [their] business more sustainable" ("Plan AAwards," 2016).
The London based company has won numerous awards due to the sustainability of Plan A, such as
"Responsible Retailer of the Year" by World Retail Awards and the "Big Society Award," presented
by Prime Minister, David

Ecoeduca Ad Analysis Example
In 2012, scientists saw the smallest amount of Arctic ice cover ever recorded. Most analyses project
that, within a matter of years, the Arctic Sea will be completely ice–free during the summer months
(Bradford). Ecoeduca foundation is an advertisement agency out of Santiago, Chile. Their aim is to
increase awareness about the detrimental effects of global warming and bring to light those who's
lives are being influenced by it the most, in an effort to lessen the consequences associated with
global warming as shown above. In one of their advertisements specifically geared towards this
message, a polar bear lays with her cub in a battered box on the side of what appears to be a
dumpster. The words 'global warming is leaving many homeless' appears in capital letters on the top
left of the page. The overall mood of the ad tends to hold a somber and dark tone, shown mostly by
the sharp contrasting colors in the text and the trichromatic scheme. There also appears to be water
streaming from the box to the foreground of the image where Ecoeduca's logo appears in smaller
font urging the reader to get more information at the 10th annual Climate Changes Convention of
the United Nations. Ecoeduca's advertisement plays an effective role by touching its readers in a
profound and disturbing way through the use of pathos via imagery and color, logos via text, and
ethos to bring light and awareness to global warming. Ecoeduca inserts pathos into the theme of the
advertisement by the use

Seasonal Lethargy: The American Black Bear
Highly adaptable and with varied food tastes, the American black bear inhabits a wide range of
habitats, including scrub, swamps, and dense forests. The black bear is the smallest, most common
bear in North America. There colours vary between black, brown and blonde. They are omnivores
and up to 85% of their diet is vegetation.
Black Bears are not hibernators, but they do become a lot less active and go into a dormant state
during the winter months. This is referred to Seasonal Lethargy. Black bears enter their dens in
October and November. Before to that time, they can put on up to 30 pounds of body fat to get them
through the seven months during which they fast. Winter dormancy in Black Bears typically lasts 3–
5 months. They spend their time

Why The Arctic Sea Ice Disappear
A recent study has shown that Arctic Sea ice could disappear entirely by the summer of 2045.[4]
Less than 30 years away, this date is far sooner than other models have predicted, which places our
planet in dire need of reform. The reason this date is closer than previously thought is because of a
breakthrough in how CO2 and sea ice loss relate to each other.
For the first time ever, scientists have been able to calculate a simple linear relationship between a
person's carbon dioxide emissions and the amount of ice that is shrunk by the rising temperatures.
The two scientists, one from Germany and the other from Colorado, discovered that every metric
ton of CO2 released into the atmosphere yields a three square meter loss of summer Arctic Sea

Global Sea-Level Rising: Polar Ice Caps Essay
The impact humans are having on mother Earth is increasing its effects with the rising of sea levels.
Global warming is causing polar ice sheets to melt, which is a major cause of adding volume to our
oceans. Furthermore, the troposphere thickens, due to greenhouse gases, increasing the amount of
radioactive waves that causes the seawater to warm up, resulting in ocean expansion. Most
climatologists are expecting a rise in oceans around the world to be between 1.5 and 5 ft by the end
of this century.(Harkinson) Some members of our society feel that because climate change is not
certain, they are not willing to make a difference to help. Many people are unaware of how rapidly
we have impacted mother Earth. The melting of the polar ice ... Show more content on
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(Gardiner) The melting of the polar ice caps affects the whole world.
Coastal lands, agriculture, weak permafrost, increase in disease, weather patterns, ocean circulation,
and biodiversity are few elements affected by this emergency. There is major concern for coastal
flooding. IPCC estimates that 43% of coastal wetlands will be asphyxiated, beaches will wear down
100 to 200 ft., and 5,000 square miles will be overwhelmed with sea water. (Greenpeace) In
Chesapeake Bay, beaches have already been lost, resulting from more than an inch increase in sea
level. Many islands and low surface level countries will be inundated . Millions of people could be
affect in Bangladesh, China, and New York due to flooding. Any country with a small economy can
suffer greatly being unable to adapt and replenish resources. Pests that use warm weather will have
more time to reproduce and feed on infected species, usually passing on infections. Allergens and
viruses will be more persistent. Forest fires will increase. An example for agriculture damage is
Kansas' ability to be 4 degrees warmer during winter which is bad news for the winter wheat grown
with cold air usually sent southward from the Artic ice. Also, during summer Kansas can lose
valuable cropland from soil losing 10 percent of its moisture. (NRDC) Shrinkage in fresh water
supply will result in water stress for people that rely on spring water, such as the Himalayans

Sea Ice Outline
The Importance of Sea Ice to our Global Climate
Research Paper Outline
I. Increasing global temperatures have created concern.
a. Sea ice is a vital component of our planet's climate.
b. The loss of sea ice, due to melting, affects climate patterns and amplifies global warming.
c. The resulting changes are self–amplifying.
II. Sea ice is formed as ocean water freezes at the Arctic and Antarctic.
a. Some sea ice melts and refreezes during the summer, warming, months and the winter, cooling,
months as part of its natural process.
b. Sea ice helps to minimize the effects of the sun by reflecting ninety percent of solar radiation.
c. The surrounding ocean absorbs ninety percent of solar radiation.
d. Without sea ice, the increased solar energy

Research Paper On The Arctic Ocean
The Arctic ocean
The Arctic Ocean is of little depth. It is the smallest ocean compared to the world's 5 major oceans.
Although, we consider it as an ocean, some oceanographers would simply state it as a sea. Since The
Arctic Ocean is small and shallow you would understand why some would recognize it more as a
sea instead of an ocean. Its is obviously cold, freezing if you would prefer to describe it that way. It
is moderately covered by sea ice throughout the year. In winter it is almost completely filled with
sea ice. Did you know the Arctic ocean surrounds the North Pole.
Did you know that The Arctic ocean was once called the frozen ocean. There was a long thought
about no oceanic life in the arctic. Due to the cold temperatures, sheets ... Show more content on
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They migrate so that they can breed in the summer. People rely on the coastal plain and they are
ruining the environment for the animals that live there. Like the polar bear that relies on the coastal
plain. The coastal plain is a home to the polar bear and requires their lifestyle. They are trying to
preserve the animals that live there. The climate is changing and the ice is melting. The temperature
is rising more in the arctic, If this happens then the waters will shift. The animals that live there will
be affected.
Drilling in The Arctic Ocean is the ecosystem changing. The home to many animals is melting. The
drilling has caused problems to the water. The ecosystem is sensitive and the rapid melting is
changing the home to many. This affects animals and can cause them to be in danger. The ecosystem
is gaining more people to go see and people want use their resources. There is a reserve for many
animals on the land and the ocean. There is a federation trying to help these animals and provide
them they're natural habitat.
O–penness C–aring E–xotic A–greeable N–ot so

Argumentative Essay On Climate Change
Climate change can be traced down to since the mid–1800s, when the industrial revolution first
started taking place all around the world. Lives of human and animal species have been negatively
affected since then, with events such as natural disasters, the melting of ice in polar regions, and
change in weather and living conditions. Climate change in polar regions, in particular, has faced the
most damage compared to any other region because of its location in regard to the sun. Climate
change holds many different views and opinions about the effects, and even the existence itself, but
evidence is clear and unmistakable in global ramifications and local impact in polar regions.
"...Climate change [is] the 'greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people'", skeptics like
Senator Inhofe of Oklahoma like to say. Climate change is change in climate patterns due to an
increase in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases produced by certain human activity.
According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, data taken by satellite has shown that the
Arctic cover has decreased by 30% over the past 30 years, and this change, which also include
change in sea ice and permafrost, in artic weather and climate is caused by humans. Although
numerous scientists have confirmed the legitimacy of climate change, there are different views on
whether climate change is real or not. Government officials like Senator Jim Inhofe of Oklahoma or
Senator Marco Rubio of Florida have explicitly stated that they do not believe climate change is
neither real, nor caused by humans (Tom McCarthy, 2014). On the other hand, mainstream media
and other media outlets, such as The Independent and The Economist, have reported their findings
of climate change and its legitimacy. The Independent (Conner, S. 2011) reported that records of
these changes were taken by military submarines, land measurements, and satellite data to prove ice
in polar regions are melting faster and faster. Satellites have tracked sea ice since the 1970s and by
nuclear submarines since the Cold War,
according to Peter Wadhams of Cambridge University and it was predicted that by September 2015,
there would be no more sea ice. (Conner, S. 2011). Luckily, sea ice has not

Annotated Bibliography On Polar Bears
Annotated Bibliography
Becker, Rachel A. "4 Ways Polar Bears are Dealing with Climate Change." National Geographic, 4
September 2015. Web. Accessed 31 January 2018.
Polar bears are declining in numbers as the sea ice is diminishing. There are fewer than 25,000 polar
bears left in the wild, "the population has dropped about 40 percent between 2001 to 2010, from
1,500 to 900 bears." Not only has the number of polar bears decreased, but they have been acting
strangely as their surroundings continue to decrease. The different strategies that polar bears are
using to survive are what's keeping them alive, according to Becker the polar bears are changing
their appetite by eating a species of dolphins that got trapped in the melting ice. Also, the polar bears
have started eating snow geese eggs as a backup source of food. In addition, the bears are starting to
spend more time on the shores during the summertime instead of hibernating. Lastly, the polar bears
are so desperate to eat that they end up eating human food and ... Show more content on
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According to Hassol, these climate changes are being experienced especially intense in the Arctic,
"Arctic average temperature has risen at almost twice the rate as the rest of the world in the past few
decades" (8). These trends aren't stopping anytime soon. The ongoing increases in concentrations of
greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere are causing an acceleration in these climate trends
according to Hassol. Climate change is going to have major impacts on the earth, for example the
sea ice melting. Hassol talks about how this could be seen either positive or negative. For the
creatures in the Arctic like the seals and polar bears, the sea ice melting is very harmful to them.
However, the reduced sea ice could increase marine access for shipping and offshore oil extraction.
However, an increase in those activities would just further complicate the

Sea Ice: Important To The Environment
Have you ever wondered what some animals call home? If so, then the Sea Ice is the place to begin.
Researches have classified the ice into two categories: the Arctic section, and the Antarctic section.
The Arctic side is on an ocean, that is mostly surrounded by land. On the other side, the Arctic Side,
it is in the ocean surrounded by the land, but controls the "coldest darkest part of the Northern
Hemisphere." (P.12). Sea ice is important to the environment; it is important to the environment
because it releases nutrients into the water for animals to eat, is home to many species of animals,
and it creates a cap that keeps water from evaporating. In summer, the sea ice will partially melt.
When this partial melt occurs "the ice releases ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When this partial melt occurs "the ice releases nutrients that some animals eat" (P.3). The nutrients
are the main food basis for the animals that call the ice home. The fauna, an animal that currently
resides in the sea ice, that eat these nutrients that are mainly pelagic life to them. Therefore, the
nutrients that the sea ice releases are very important to their everyday life, along with the other
creatures that reside there. Along with the fauna mentioned above, there are multiple types of
animals that call the sea ice their home. "The ice itself is also home of animals like seals, arctic
foxes, polar bears and penguins." (P.3). If taken into consideration, the sea ice is a highly beneficial
place to live in for these creatures; it provides shelter and food for the exotic animals. This shows
that many different types of animals live on the ice. Therefore, the sea ice is important to the
environment. "Sea ice also creates a cap on the ocean. This cap helps keep water from evaporating
into the atmosphere." (P.2). The weather takes the hit for this cap and becomes colder and drier in
the iced–covered areas. This cap, also prevents the water's heat from escaping, and being released
into the air, thus adding to global

Polar Bears Biome
In Antarctica
Polar bears are found across the Arctic. They are most abundant in areas with annual sea ice and
productive ringed seal populations. There are five nations with polar bears: U.S. Alaska Canada,
Russia, Greenland Kingdom of Denmark and Norway Svalbard. Polar bears do not live in
Antarctica.
Polar bears live in the circumpolar north in areas where they can hunt their primary prey ice seals.
They are found in Canada (home to roughly 60% of the world's polar bears the U.S. Alaska
Greenland Russia and Norway the Svalbard archipelago.
Polar Bears Biome
The polar bears biome is the arctic tundra it look's like it's an owl but it's not i think The polar bear
receives the most attention of all these animals, and it's easy to see why.

As A Study Proved, Evaluating The Effects Of Leonardo...
As a study proved, evaluating the effects of Leonardo DiCaprio's 2016 Oscar acceptance speech
citing climate change, "...tweets including the terms 'climate change' or 'global warming' reached
record highs, increasing 636% with more than 250,000 tweets the day DiCaprio spoke" (Leas et al,
2016). Being a celebrity is not necessary to raise awareness or learn more about this crisis. There are
many planned events and campaigns one can attend or do research online in the comforts of home to
find ways to help spread the word. Additionally, encouraging members of our social circles to adopt
sustainable lifestyles, voting for political representatives who understand the issue, and leading by
example, are steps that can be taken that will help save ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As stated by former President of Mexico Felipe Calderón, Chair of the Global Commission on the
Economy and Climate, choosing between tackling climate change and boosting economic growth is
a "false dilemma" (as cited in The New Climate Economy [NCE], 2014). The commission's report
found that economic growth and reducing emissions is mutually beneficial. One example in the
report is tripling research and development of low carbon technologies, such carbon capture and
storage, to at least 0.1% of GDP can drive a new wave of innovation for growth. Another example
regards the phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, which can improve growth (NCE, 2014) Currently
$600 billion in subsidies goes to fossil fuel subsidies, which is six times the amount going to
renewable energy.
Although, the prime example of how mutually beneficial it would be for us (economically and non–
economically) and the polar bears is how it impacts human health and air quality. Some GHG are
already in the atmosphere; therefore, some climate change is inevitable. The government now must
decide if we prepare for the impacts or allowing the impacts to happen and suffer the consequence
of the economic hardship. Improving air quality will promote human health and our quality of life. A
study researched two ways that would benefit the economy and human health: reducing co–emitted
air pollutants and slowing climate

Climate Change Has A Negative Impact On Polar Bears
Climate change has a negative impact on polar bears. This may prove to be a burden to their
existence. Polar bears are some of the world's most majestic animals but their survival is being
threatened because of climate change. Because of this change their habitat is also diminishing.
Historically speaking by the late 1980s and early 1990s, the likelihood that climate warming would
have negative effects on sea ice was gaining recognition. Climate change happens when certain
gasses block heat from escaping the atmosphere. Most scientists agree the cause of this trend is
human expansion of the greenhouse effect. One of the most common gasses and its importance on
this greenhouse effect is methane, a hydrocarbon gas produced both through natural sources and
human activities, including the decomposition of wastes in landfills, agriculture, and especially rice
cultivation, as well as ruminant digestion and manure management associated with domestic
livestock. On a molecule–for–molecule basis, methane is a far more active greenhouse gas than
carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less abundant in the atmosphere. Over time this
greenhouse effect causes the earth's atmosphere to warm causing some regions to become warmer
than others resulting in changing climates. This change in climate may produce more or less
precipitation depending on the region.
Polar bears need ice to move around so they can easily find food to sustain life. Some areas provide
sea ice year–round and in

The Effects Of Sea Ice On The Earth's Climate System
A natural process or event, which becomes a potential threat to human life and property, is known as
a natural hazard (Keller and DeVecchio 2012). Sea ice covers about 7.3% of Earth's surface, or
about 11.8% of the surface of the World Ocean (Weeks 2010). During the summer it reflects sunlight
back into the space and during winter it radiates heat into the space. Sea ice acts as a large lid on the
polar oceans controlling the exchange of heat and mass across the ocean–sea ice–atmosphere
interface, thus playing a significant role in the Earth's climate system. The accelerated melting of
Arctic sea ice in recent decades may have long–term impact on the Earth's climate likely to affect
the lives and property of billions of humans (Stroeve et ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sea ice also grows vertically undersea (called keel growth), which represents as a major hazard for
under ice navigation/operation of automated underwater vehicles and is dangerous for scuba diving.
Keels that extend up to the ocean floor (called stamukhi) pose significant danger to the running oil
pipelines or cables. With the advent of spaceborne sensors in 1970s for monitoring polar oceans, it
became possible to study sea ice in greater details than ever before covering all aspects of its
behavior, thus providing assistance in identifying associated ice hazards and its possible prediction.
Altimeters, passive microwave radiometers and multispectral optical sensors have enabled the
detection of ice thickness from space. However, better accuracy is required to have greater
confidence in retrieving ice thickness from spaceborne observations, which can be assimilated in ice
forecast models. Synthetic aperture radars (SAR) have been used to monitor the movement of sea
ice, which is always in mobile state except the landfast ice. SAR images are, in fact, being used
commercially for navigation, ice tracking, and high–resolution science experiments over Polar
Regions. Multispectral radiometers provide wealth of information, however, limited to cloud–free
conditions, on the sea ice leads, polynyas, and hazardous thaw holes. Spaceborne scatterometers and
passive microwave radiometers have shown promise in identifying sea ice edge, thus greatly helping
the detection of extent

Persuasive Essay : The Dream
The Dream
Once there was a girl and her name was Catherine. Catherine is 13 years old and ever since she was
little she would have the same dream once a year every year. Catherine would tell people about her
dream but anyone she told either thought she made it up or thought she was crazy. Until one day
when she met her now friend Gabbie. When Catherine got to know Gabbie more she told Gabbie
about her dream and Gabbie actually believed her.
Some time in the month of November Catherine was terrified that she would have the dream. So she
called Gabbie and said "Gabbie!!" She said sobbing
"I don't want it to happen!!" Catherine continued sobbing.
Gabbie said " It's okay you are going to be okay!! Listen to me keep a dream journal and write down
your dream I promise it will help!"
"Gabbie something isn't right i'm scared!!" Catherine was trying to calm down.
The next day Catherine woke up with blood lines running down her hands and scratch marks on her
legs she took pictures and sent them to Gabbi and as soon as Catherine got to school Gabbi ran to
her and looked at her hands and she said
"I was up all night I felt the same way!"
Catherine told Gabbie that she ended up sleep walking down stairs and sitting on the couch and her
parents came out of their room they saw her and tried to wake her up but she must have been in
sleep paralysis. They told Catherine that she was mumbling in a different language and they couldn't
understand what she was saying.
As the day started to come

Arctic Sea Ice Decline Impacts Polar Bears

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