Andalucia Research Paper

Andalucia Research Paper
Experience the beauty of Andalucia this Holiday season Situated on the southernmost coast of Spain
lies Andalucia, a region of hidden natural beauty. The region comprised of eight provinces has
become one of the most popular travel destinations in the world. Andalucia's natural grandeur is
extraordinary by itself considering the fact that it is one of the rarest locations on earth. Andalucia is
a region that provides travelers with all of the earth's treasures all in one place. The location is
blessed with pristine beaches and small villages that have remained untouched for centuries. It is a
region of snow–covered peaks and an abundant array of woodlands. One more reason for its
popularity is due to the region's perfect Mediterranean–type
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The Rock Of Gibraltars In The 1790s
Colonization of Gibraltar The Rock of Gibraltar towers over the land. Gibraltar has served both as a
sacred sacrificial site to a towering fortress, and has shown up time and time again in European
history. Due to its strategic location, Gibraltar has been involved in many wars from the Spanish
Succession to World War II. The rock lies at the neck of the Strait of Gibraltar, the last point before
Mediterranean joins the Atlantic. Here, five million years ago, the Atlantic waters breached the
Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean was created. The history of Gibraltar, like so much in
1700s Europe, is part of the tug–of–war between the English and Spanish. To this day, Gibraltar
remains a contested country between these two nations. Gibraltar ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Gibraltar finally fell into British hands as part of the War of the Spanish Succession. An operation
against the French, it was intended to prevent the French from inheriting the Spanish throne. The
allied forces of the British and Dutch intended to drive through the Mediterranean to pressure
France. In doing so, they would alleviate some of the pressures facing their forces within the
Atlantic and the Caribbean. They hoped this expedition into the Mediterranean would aid them in
establishing a bridgehead in which they could pressure Madrid. In May 1704, Admiral Rooke took
49 ships into the Mediterranean Sea. They were diverted from Nice when they received news that
two fleets of opposition had entered the Mediterranean. This force would boast 95 ships, and would
be virtually unassailable. The British and Dutch needed a safe harbor where they could plan their
next move. They wanted Cadiz but feared its garrisons. Then Prince Hesse, leader of the marine
forces, suggested Gibraltar. Gibraltar was sure to not be as garrisoned as Cadiz. On August 1st, the
fleet entered Gibraltar Bay. By the 6th, Gibraltar was claimed. Many of the native inhabitants would
flee from the oppression of the British and Dutch forces. The exiles fled to San Rocque, where they
created a new

Ap World History Vocabulary
Johanna Bergstrom Mrs. Davis AP World History 28 July 2015 Vocabulary–For each of the terms,
give the definition and the significance relative to world history of each. archipelago: a group of
islands clustered closely together, generally in the ocean but occasionally occurring in other bodies
of water. Archipelagoes are typically made up of volcanic islands, also called "oceanic islands".
Several major geographical regions consisted of an archipelago, including Hawaii, Japan, and the
countries of Indonesia and Malaysia, which together make up the Malay Archipelago. Archipelagoes
provide a unique situation for historians: the presence of significant cultural milestones, such as the
development of agriculture and the use of metal tools, can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Desertification typically occurs as a result of poor management by human populations. In earlier
times of history, desertification was not seen as a widespread issue, because most humans led
hunter–gatherer lifestyles that caused them to frequently relocate. Thus, the land was not populated
for enough time for it to become overgrazed by livestock or depleted of nutrients by over–farming
and deforestation. However, in more recent history, desertification has become much more
significant as agriculture–based societies became more widespread and the need to produce as much
as many goods as possible overrode the need to conserve Earth's

Deadman's Pocket Literary Devices
Literary Analysis Collection 1 The stories "The Leap", "The Trip", and "The Contents of the
Deadman's Pocket" are all compared through literary elements. The literary elements used are
characters, conflicts, setting, and theme. The authors use different elements throughout the texts to
reveal different things about the main characters. Through these literary elements the characters
have something revealed about th em or they are taught a lesson. One way "The Trip", "The Leap",
and "The Contents of the Deadman's Pocket" are compared is through the characters. All three of
the characters had risked their lives in some way. Tom had risked his life to get a raise in his job. He
had climbed onto the ledge outside his apartment to get the yellow piece of paper that had flown out
the window. While he was on the ledge he nearly fell to his death. Anna had risked her life to save
her daughter. Anna's house had caught on fire and her daughter was stuck inside. Anna found a way
inside the house to save her daughter. In doing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In "The Leap", Anna faces and internal conflict of trying to save her husband or saving herself and
her unborn child. Anna ultimately decided to save herself and had grabbed onto a bar. Her external
conflict was finding a way to not fall from the trapeze. Murad from "The Trip" had an internal
conflict of deciding whether he should take the trip to Spain or just stay in Morocco. His external
conflict was making it to Spain. He had faced many hardships on the boat just to get to Spain, and
then he had to hide when he made it to Spain. Tom from "The Contents of the Deadman's Pocket"
had an internal conflict of figuring out if his job was worth risking his life for. Then he had an
external conflict of not falling off of the ledge. These conflicts are similar because the characters
could lose something. The conflicts are different in its context and how the characters solve the

Greek Mythology Research Paper
Greek myths served numerous purposes in early Greece. When the Greeks first walked on the
world, they did not know what anything was. Mythology and the Greek gods were created by
human beings to explain the world around them. Because of the exploration and theories done by
the Greeks, they had a better understanding of the Earth. In Mythology by Edith Hamilton, the
purposes that the Greek myths served ranged from educational morals, all the way to pure
amusement. To start off, the first purpose that the Greek myths served is to teach lessons. In Greek
mythology, people are presented with life lessons and there are many lessons to be learned. The
storytellers during early Greece passed important lessons to other people to help them with making
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Greek poets, such as Homer, created epic stories based on ancient legends. An epic is a long poem
about great heroes and their deeds. People during ancient Greece loved epics, and it put on a show
for them. In a myth called "Zeus and the Years of Life", readers learn of what Zeus accomplished
during his early years. In this myth, Zeus created many breeds of animals, and he preset the amount
of years that the animals live. Zeus gave ravens two hundred years, sea turtles three hundred years,
whales five hundred years, and elephants get one hundred and fifty years of life. Also, Zeus gave
butterflies only three days of life. Also, Zeus creates humans in this myth. To add on, in the myth
called "Echidna", Echidna was a goddess who was immortal. Her chemistry was part beautiful
woman and part fearsome snake. It is believed that she gave birth to a majority of the monsters in
Greek mythology. Because of this, her nickname is "Mother of All Monsters". Many writers believe
that that Tartarus and Gaia raised Echidna, and others believe that Echidna was the offspring of
Peiras and Styx. Regardless, when Typhon and Echidna bombarded the Olympians, Zeus fortunately
refrained from killing Echidna, and he left her as a challenge for the future heroes; but soon enough,
Echidna was killed in her sleep. In ancient Greece, this myth provided pleasure and amusement for
the Greeks since there were many events

Write An Informative Essay On Atlantis
Did you know we have only explored 5% of the ocean? Did you know that there could be more
myths to discover? Did you know there could be more mysterious creatures and places to be
discovered inside that 95%? Atlantis is one of those many places that people have wondered about
for years, since the Greek author Plato, wrote about it. Some myths are very interesting and will
truly surprise you. Atlantis truly is a mysterious place that holds many theories and myths such as
how it was created, where it was and how it declined. One of the myths about Atlantis is how it was
created. Many myths say Poseidon created Atlantis. For example, Plato, a Greek writer, and the
author of 2 books about Atlantis stated that Poseidon established Atlantis. Plato described his
writings very thoroughly detail. "Plato wrote that the sea god Poseidon (Neptune) was given Atlantis
and on a hill in the middle of the island the god built his mortal wife a large home." (Kidzworld 3)
Many people believe that the creators were extraterrestrial.(not from Earth) (Technically,the gods
are extraterrestrial because they are not mortal, or from Earth) The creators were said to be half god
and half human. There are many more theories, but I just listed the main ones. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Nobody will ever quite know for sure. There are so many places that Atlantis could be. At least in
his books, Plato said that Atlantis was located near the Pillars of Hercules.(Strait of Gibraltar) But
many people think otherwise. Most people believe that Atlantis was located either in the Bermuda
Triangle or the Greek island of Santorini. That island disappeared after a lava eruption. Again, many
people still wonder to this day about the possible locations it could be. There are many places where
Atlantis is said to be discovered, but nobody still knows for sure. Many more theories have been
told, but are they actually

Prince Henry: Prince Henry The Navigator
Prince Henry the navigator was born March 4, 1394 in Porto, portugal. The was a sailor and
navigator, he also sponsored a great deal or exploration along the west coast of Africa. Henry began
exploring the African coast to find the source of the African gold trade. Portuguese ships were big
and slow, so henry commissioned the invention of a new lighter ship. It was called the cararel that
was fast and could sail into the wind. About 1418 Prince Henry started the first day of school for
oceanic navigation along with an astronomical. In 1415 Henry his father and his older brother led an
attack on Ceuta, a town in morocco along the strait of Gibraltar. The attack succeeded, and Ceuta
fell under Portuguese control. Henry became fascinated with

Spain Research Paper
Madrid is the capital of Spain. It is located in the middle of the country and is home to millions.
Barcelona is located on the Mediterranean Sea at the northeast coast of Spain has over 4 kilometers
of beach belonging to it. It is a city with a lot of history but known at the same time for being a very
modern European city. Valencia is one of the biggest cities in Spain, located on the southeast coast
of spain on the Mediterranean Sea. Valencia is known for its festivals and fireworks displays. Seville
is in the southeast part of Spain. Over hundreds of thousands come and visit Seville probably
because of its warm climate and many things to do that will give you the true feeling of Spain.
Foods Some of the favorite food and drink in Spain is sangria, paella and croquettes. Sangria is
made up of wine with some fresh fruit and brandy. It is an alcoholic drink so don't drink this and
drive home! Paella's is a rice dish with many different recipes to it. The "Traditional" Valencia
Paella has rabbit, chicken and snails, as well as beans and artichokes in it. There's also a Seafood
Paella that is made with fish and seafood caught right ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In America the term football is way different that Spain's football. In Spain, football is soccer. In
2010, Spain's team won the FIFA World Cup. In the mountainous areas of Spain, skiing is very
popular. It is one of the favorite sports of the royal family. There is competitive alpine skiing in
Spain and Spanish skiers have won in the alpine skiing world cup. A form of recreation in Spain,
very popular with tourists, is Bullfighting. Many in Spain don't like bullfighting because they think
it is cruel, but there are still a lot of bullfights going on especially in Madrid. There is also a festival
in Pamplona, Spain called the Running of the Bulls. It is held in July and a lot of crazy people try to
run down a small alley without being gored by a runaway

M/NATO Theater: A Case Study
The problem preventing Allied forces from changing the current M/NATO theater–level
environment to their desired campaign end state is their inability to seize and exploit the initiative.
The Allies' limited foot print in Egypt coupled with the Axis' control of the Eastern Mediterranean
Sea and most of North Africa makes holding/protecting the Suez Canal, rather than aggressive
offensive operations, a primary objective. This is necessary to both deny Axis forces access to the
canal and to maintain sea lines of communication (SLOC). The current Allied operational
environment is defined by a single SLOC between England and its principal base in Alexandria.
Loss of this supply line would cripple Allied forces and render their presence in the M/NATO
Theater ineffective. This single point of failure must be protected in order to maintain a presence in
North Africa and keep pressure on Axis forces. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Control of North Africa and the Sicilian Straits accomplishes two things; (1) opens shorter SLOCs
to Alexandria. With multiple SLOCs at their disposal, Allied forces can resupply and reinforce more
frequently allowing for offensive operations in the Western Desert, offensive operations from points
north of Tripoli and defensive operations around their lines of communication, (2) limits the number
of Axis resupply location (ports), SLOC's and aerodrome access for air lines of communication
(ALOC). This would deny Axis forces the ability to resupply and reinforce which in turn would
force them into a defensive war in the Tripoli/Western Desert area. With limited access to logistical
routes and surrounded on all sides, Axis forces would have few options available to them to
continue their strategy in the M/NATO

Conquest Of Andalusia Research Paper
The soonest records of settled human progress in Andalusia portray provincial occupation in Pre–
Roman times. In the early twelfth century B.C.E. the Phoenician domain framed states along the
coast to help with exchange. The settlement established by the Phoenicians was called Tartessos,
which later rose to turn into a noteworthy political constrain in the district. The settlements of the
Phoenicians in the long run declined in force taking after the disintegration of the Phoenician
domain. The following major political power to develop in the locale was the city of Carthage,
whose accentuation on exchange gave the straits of Gibraltar and the Andalusia district monetary
significance. As an exchanging focus, Carthage saw the monetary estimation of controlling the
strait, and started a battle to pick up control of the area. Between the first and second Carthaginian
wars, Carthage developed its control over Andalusia, utilizing the coast to dispatch a hefty portion
of its attacks into Roman domain. Carthage, on the other hand, was unsuccessful in its crusade
against Rome. With the decrease of Carthage, Andalusia stayed, for a brief period, without an in
number political personality. Rome ventured into fill the force vacuum, renaming the region Betica.
As the Vandals went through the locale on their approach to North Africa, they took control of
Andalusia. Taking after their brief occupation, the Visigoths took control, just to be supplanted by
Muslim govern in the mid eighth century C.E. The Muslim intrusion turned out to be a to a great
degree powerful activity in the arrangement of a particular Andalusian

The Barbary Pirate War
The Barbary Pirate War was on of the wars no reallys knows about it was basically set in north
african states so why were the U.S. involved with this why was the U.S. involved in the Barbary
Pirate War and what did they gain from this situation. It was around (1793–1816) the U.S. was
already at war with Tripoli and Algiers. But before this american were protected by the British Navy
but after the U.S. declared independence after that the British told the Barbary of Algiers that the
U.S. was opened for an attack so in 1758 a man by Dey Muhammed the leader of Algier declared
war on the United States. So this war wasn't really talked about and it was after the American
Revolution.
This War we basically doing what they with the british during

Sahara Vs Greek
Did you know without the Nile,The Sahara,and the Mediterranean sea there would be very little
civilization in egypt?Maybe even none.First things first and that is the Sahara.The Sahara is what
also helps the people survive! How?you're asking well it helps by keeping all enemies out of sight
so they won't attack.Like who would want to walk that long?Not me I know that.Did you know that
the Sahara is the world's longest desert.The Sahara's massive Arid climate makes it a weird place for
civilization,Most of the Sahara is too harsh for people to live and survive.Did you also know it
doesn't rain in the Sahara?Next things next,Did you know that The mediterranean was important to
the Roman Empire?The Romans referred it as "their sea" and would not

Why Did The Muslim World?
Beginning in the 15th Century, nations such as Spain, Portugal, Germany, Britain, and the
Netherlands started exploring for new lands and colonizing them. Driven for power, trade, or
expansion, many European powers colonized the New World. Yet when looking at the Muslim
contemporaries, the Ottoman, Persian and Mughal Empires did not set sail for new land like their
Western counterparts. Why did the Muslim world not partake in exploration and colonization of the
New World, despite having equivalent wealth and technology? Factors limiting the Ottoman and
Mughal Empires colonial participation include, their status as large, land based countries with
significant resources and prosperous trade within their empires, resulting in little need to ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the formerly mentioned European States had maritime trade, they also had a strong Naval
Force, and thus their naval technology was more advanced and superior compared to the Ottomans
in the 15th and 16th Centuries. (CITE) Bordering the Atlantic also contributed to a larger curiosity
towards exploration for European states, while the Ottomans were completely bordered by well–
known and established civilizations. Powerful European states bordered the West and North while
the Safavids and Mughals bordered the East. To the South was the Saharan Desert. In the Ottoman
Empire's peak, their Navy in the Mediterranean was used for trade, battling piracy and
militaristically. Their ships were not equipped to explore.
There are two ways the Ottomans could have sailed to the Americas: Through the Strait of Gibraltar
into the Atlantic, or through the Red Sea and around Africa. The Ottomans were not as
geographically predisposed for exploration. For the Ottomans to pass through the Strait of Gibraltar
during the time of exploration and colonization, they would have had to face Spain, which was now
mainly Catholic, who were the nations that discovered the Americas trying to avoid the Ottomans in
the first place. (CITE)
As Spain, Britain, and the Netherlands established new colonies, and had easy access to new trade
routes, they relied more on their new colonies for trading goods, rather than on the Ottoman Empire.
This eventually lead to the Ottoman Empire's decline.
European

Operation Art And Design Exam Questions
C403 Operation Art and Design Exam Questions
MAJ Doug Herrmann
Section A: Theater Strategic level, the North African Campaign
1. (15 pts) Review the Operational Approach Student Aid Slide #7 for this question. Operational
Design and the Operational Approach is a process of iterative understanding and problem framing
that supports commanders and staffs in their application of operational art with tools and a
methodology to conceive of and construct viable approaches to operations and campaigns." (JP 5–0,
III–1). In the context of the Mediterranean/North Africa Theater of Operations (M/NATO), using the
contextual background notes and material provided for this exam in Parts 2 and 3, apply operational
design thinking as described in JP 5–0 chapter III to answer the following.
a. (5 pts) In your words, describe the operational environment. [Your answer should not exceed half
a page.]
Operation Torch was a major operation conducted in the Mediterranean/North African Theater of
Operations as part of the North African campaign during World War II. The U.S. President, Franklin
D. Roosevelt supported the British Prime Minister believing this operation would prevent an
invasion of Europe. In order for the Allies to achieve the desired end state they would need to
establish reliable bases on the coast in the regions of Casablanca, Oran, Algiers, and Tunis. This area
was controlled by Vichy France, which was technically not part of the Axis powers. This operation
would

Golden Age Research Paper
In the 19th Century, The Jews Muslims and Christians living in Spain experienced a golden age.
The golden age was a time of great peace and prosperity among the nations due to the Muslim's
acceptance, accommodation and peaceful relations with the Jews and Christians. This golden age
began when the Muslims began conquering the Iberian Peninsula in 711. When Islam was first
founded, it was only practiced within the borders of Arabia(modern day Saudi Arabia). However,
the Muslims began converting large numbers of indigenous tribes, who resided across North Africa
as well as in Asia, and in this way, Islam started to spread. The people of these indigenous tribes
were known as pagans, someone who is not a Muslim, Christian nor a Jew. The Pagans ... Show
For the first time since their exile from Jerusalem in the year 70CE, they had the opportunity to
participate fully in society. The Muslims were tolerant rulers who wanted all their citizens, whether
Muslim, Jewish or Christian to participate in the life of the new commonwealth they had founded.
In wake of the new tolerant Muslim leaders, a "golden age" of Jewish immigration dawned in Al–
Andalus. Middle Eastern as well as North African Jewish immigrants poured into Al–Andals by the
thousands. At the Jewish population's peak in the 10th century, Al–Andalus was by far the largest
Jewish centre in all of Europe. Jews were very well integrated and had phenomenal access to the
highest levels of power. The Jews were especially well integrated into economic and social life,
regularly doing business and interacting with Muslims. Society was very open and Muslims rulers
were not threatened by the minorities and were accommodating. Al–Andalus, once a mere outpost
of the Islamic kingdom becomes a bustling centre of European trade. Viking ships from the North
sea as well as merchants from the Islamic capital of Baghdad bring an influx of goods to Al–
Andalus. The Jewish merchants brought treasures from far and wide and the honesty of the Muslims
helped to regulate the market. This example demonstrates how coexistence lead to extremely
notable achievements. Within 1 century, the Muslims and Jews built a civilization that exceeded
every other European country. By the 8th century's end, the land was the most productive, populated
and diverse in all of Europe, staying so for many centuries. During this prosperous period, Al–
Andalus was exporting and importing more than double the amount of goods than its neighbors.
Trade with other European countries was unmatched and by the 11th century more than 40% of
Europe's freight was being produced in

Operation Torch Campaign
"Show me a completely smooth operation and I'll show you someone who's covering mistakes. Real
boats rock." (Herbert, 1985) Operation Torch was a prime example of mistakes were made yet were
not exploited by the enemy. The Algerian–French–Morocco Campaign specifically Operation Torch
is by far one of the most forgotten and rarely talked about operations during World War II (WW2).
Operation Torch paved the way for a multi–national amphibious landing in Northern Africa,
opening up a second front in the west giving Soviet Union Troops relief on the eastern front. The
Algerian–French–Morocco Campaign became a massive testing ground for tactics, techniques and
procedures that resulted in future successes during the Normandy invasion (Howe, 1993). ... Show
It was surprising that Axis Forces did not observe the mass movement of troops and Naval vessels
as indications of an impeding operation, something that Allied forces worried about. The first major
victory was at Casablanca, where the Western Assault Force landed with very little resistance. This
helped spread orders to cease active resistance in the following days in the other operational
locations though not fast enough. The Central Task force, however, met resistance from Vichy
French forces that did not receive orders to not resist the Allied invasion. Due to high winds blowing
the sea and improper conduct of Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB), landing craft were
landing in wrong locations. Certain landing crafts landed in locations that couldn't support these
crafts causing damages and slowing down troop movement. This could have been prevented if
proper utilization of reconnaissance parties to ensure proper landing sites instead of searching for
enemy submarines (Slee, 2017). Naval Forces from Casablanca were called in to assist with the
Landing in Oran due to the French resistance as well as the environmental

How Do Allied Forces Control Sea Lines Of The Gulf Oil?
1. Problem Statement – How do Allied forces control sea lines of communications and Land lines of
communication in Mediterranean and North Africa for continued access to Persian Gulf oil?
Current State: Political – The Vichy French government went into collaboration with the Nazis
therefore preventing German forces from having to occupy the French Northwest Africa and
securing the Axis flank/rear. Military – All of North Africa and Southern Mediterranean minus
Egypt were under Axis control either directly by German/Italian forces or indirectly through Vichy
Forces. Economic – Oil revenue from the Persian Gulf was used to help finance Hitler's continued
war efforts. Social – Not enough information provided. Infrastructure – Eastern ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Military – Axis powers destroyed opening LOCs in M/NATO. Economic – Oil in the Persian Gulf
accessible through Mediterranean. Social – no change. Infrastructure – Mediterranean and North
Africa secured. Information – Axis powers find another route to Persian Gulf due Mediterranean
under the control of Allied powers.
2. End state/Objective: Change seizes Suez Canal to retain Mediterranean and North Africa LOCs
IOT control access to Persian Gulf Oil. I believe the Suez Canal is a decisive point or key terrain but
not the main objective.
The Center of Gravity should change from Tunis to Axis powers who control the Mediterranean Sea
and North Africa.
Critical Capabilities: I agree with control sea lines of communication in Mediterranean, secure Axis
lines of communications in North Africa and alternate logistical port in Tunis. I would remove
defeat–allied forces in North Africa, which is a task and not a capability. I would add a secure
rear/flank from Vichy forces in North Africa and open air LOCs from Italy and Sicily
Critical Requirements: I agree with the critical requirements IOT set the conditions for the critical
capabilities to become fully operational. The command and control over Air/Sea/Land forces along
with the Vichy forces is essential to a successful strategic campaign in the M/NATO. In addition,
logistics security and synchronization with operations is paramount to maintain the offensive. I
would remove the Air

Research Paper On Atlantis
A city disappearing in one night and never found ever since sounds suspicious. Where could this
city have gone if it is real? Lost around 350 B.C. Atlantis is still a mystery. How can such a big city
disappear without leaving nothing but a story? Assumed to be located in the Atlantic ocean just
beyond " the Pillars of Hercules the general area of the strait of Gibraltar". (nothing) The lost city
has no records of existence other than the dialogues described by Plato a philosopher. Timaeus and
Critias only describe it as an advanced place in his time period. " A society of the past that enjoyed
an abundance of natural resources, great military power, splendid building and engineering feats,
and intellectual achievements far advanced over those of other lands." ( Donnelly) With an ... Show
Some people think Atlantis is just another city in which Plato visited and had more advanced
technology than ancient Greece. All those theories can be what might have happened to this city but
if no records or if no clues are ever found Atlantis is just nothing but a city in which Plato made up.
Atlantis is a city that was never found or even placed on a map but only mentioned in a book of a
philosopher. The city is nothing but a myth "Atlantis is a fascinating legend, but archeologists have
never found any evidence for a city with this name."(Druitt and Francaviglia). Atlantis maybe one of
the greatest mysteries due to the fact it does not have any evidence of existence. If indeed a huge
city like Atlantis did get wipe off the map it should have effected another city. Can a big city like
Atlantis disappear in a day without anything but a story? Although, destruction can wipe out a
whole city the destruction always leaves some sort of evidence of the things existence. Atlantis is a
mythical place and nothing but a story. "Atlantis was never lost it is where it always was: in Plato's

The Law Of The Sea
What do you understand by the 'Law of the Sea' in Public International Law? Critically discuss the
different principles, mechanisms of the Law of the Sea, and how they are applied.
Law of the Sea
The seas have long–standing recognition as routes linking all parts of the world and as a treasure
full of resources. This has given significant rise to established rules. The Law of the Sea central
principle is that Land rules over the Sea. A state will have the right on the sea, until a certain
distance, according to the parameters of its land territory. This will be the territorial sea which forms
part of a state's area subject to its authority, and any further range will be the high sea. The high seas
were not to be appropriated. International law made the high seas one of its main principle. States
have been demanding to extend the perimeter of the sea around their coasts to get more of the seas
under their jurisdiction. Under these demands, developments in International law have brought
about extended zones known as contiguous zone, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone etc.
The Law of the sea will govern these characterised zones and see if a state should be entitled to such
territorial sea extensions. The change of perception of states towards the seas have led to each state
having their own principles which gave rise to clashing principles, this has led to conferences to find
a solution to the problem. The conferences eventually led to four conventions on the law of

Analysis Of Veve And El Nino
Veve and El Niño are two very different, yet similar foreign films that discuss the dealing of drugs
in order to progress in society in each of the character's own individual way. Veve, directed by
Simon Mukali, depicts a story that takes place in Kenya and involves the lives of many who are
trying to discover themselves in a world of corruption, revenge, and love. This drama packed film
illustrates the numerous problems that are occurring within Kenya in regards to the affects and
economic importance of 'veve,' which is a drug also known as khat. Although the film's native
language is mainly in Swahili, the director's cinematography and style allows the audience to get a
basic understanding of the problems portrayed in this film. El Niño, a Spanish film directed by
Daniel Monzón, depicts a thrilling movie of two teenage boys who enter the drug trafficking world
to better their lives financially, and two police officers wanting to eradicate a drug trafficking
network. This action packed crime film demonstrates the drug problems that are currently
happening with Strait of Gibraltar. Although both these films were created in two different places,
they share the same underlying plot. However, in order to understand the meanings of these two
films, it is important to analyze and dive into the deeper meaning of this film as it relates to the
notion of space through the concepts of mobility and gender. Simon Mukali, born and raised in
Nairobi, Kenya, directed the film Veve due

Tectonic Convergence At The Eurasian And African
Plate tectonic convergence at a rate of about 4 mm/year between the Eurasian and African. Plates
dominates the straits of Gibraltar (Argus et al., 1989). The stratigraphic evolution of the sediment
drifts is therefore greatly influenced by both regional tectonics and ocean circulation (Medialdea et
al., 2009; Lopes et al., 2006; Terrinha et al., 2009; Zitellini et al., 2009). Coring results from
Expedition 339 showed that initial contourite formation started at about 4.5 to 4.2 Ma ago with more
prominent formation of the contourite drifts taking place in the Quaternary (Expedition 339
Scientists, 2012). Today, circulation passing through the straits of Gibraltar is noticeable and
identifiable by the exchange of warm and salty MOW with cool and less salty North Atlantic water
flowing into the Mediterranean Sea. The MOW has a temperature of about 12°C. The sill depth of
the straits of Gibraltar known as the Camarinal Sill is about 280 m. The mixing of the MOW with
the North Atlantic central water forms two water masses, one at 500 –700 m depth and the other at
800 –1400 m depth (Amber and Howe, 1979; Voelker et al., 2006; Stow et al., 2011; Voelker and de
Abreu, 2011). The formation of these water masses leads to the emergence of strong bottom currents
that flow northwestward along the margin above the North Atlantic Deep water and under the
Atlantic Inflow Water. More importantly, the merging of these strong currents and the bathymetry of
the Gulf of Cadiz has led to

Geologic And : Geologic Investigation
Geologic Methods of Study Geology is a science that involves a great deal of scientific inquiry and
reevaluation. Since Geology is a science that studies "planet Earth and other solid planetary objects,
including their materials, processes, products, and history"(Reynolds G–7) there are a lot of studies
in the field of geology that end up explaining things about Earth that help everyone live more
resourcefully and comfortably. In order to explain those things, however, geologists must go through
a rigorous and very repetitive process to find answers or even just hypotheses. This process involves
identifying a mystery, breaking the mystery down into smaller questions, gathering data, analyzing
the data, forming a hypothesis, and testing the hypothesis and most likely repeating. The first step in
geologic inquiry is to identify an unsolved mystery in the study of geology. Just like any answer,
there must be a question first. Geologists start their inquiry process with unexplained questions. The
mystery of why there are thick layers of salt on the floor of the Mediterranean Sea is a good
example of a solvable mystery through the geologic inquiry process.
Since the question of why there are thick salt layers on the floor of the Mediterranean Sea is a very
broad question, it can be a little intimidating to approach. Because of this, scientists break down the
solvable mystery question into smaller questions like 'what type of salt are the layers comprised of'
or 'what type of

Imperialism In Spain
Spain is located on the Iberian Peninsula, It shares it's western Border with Portugal. On its north
coast lies the Atlantic Ocean, the outskirts of Spain are vast and mountainous. It's position near the
Gibraltar Strait, gives it control of territories in northern Morocco including the enclaves of Ceuta
and de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas.
Celts, Iberians, and Basques originally lived in Spain. In 206 B.C. Spain was conquered by Scipio
Africanus, and subsequently became a part of the Roman Empire. Until 711 B.C. when they were
overthrown by the Muslims under Tariq.
Throughout the 14th Century the Spanish government made it their mission to uproot Jews or
Muslims who refused to convert to Catholicism. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold was
conquered, shortly after Roman Catholicism was established as the national religion. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout World War I, Spain took the position of neutrality. Spain was ruled under a dictatorship
from 1923 until 1930 when King Alfonso XII negated it. King Alfonso left Spain in 1931 due to
social unrest, shortly after a new Constitution was established. Consequently separating church and
state and making Spain a more worker friendly country. Manuel Azaña won the 1936 elections,
making him the first president of Spain.
On July 18, 1936, Francisco Franco Bahamonde, a conservative army officer began a revolt against
the government. Resulting in a civil war that lasted 3 years, and killed roughly a million people.
Soviet Russia and the Abraham Lincoln Brigade aided the patriots, and the revolt was assisted by
Nazi Germany, and Fascist Italy. On March 28, 1939, Franco captured Madrid eliciting the end of
the war. Thereafter, Franco became the Prime Minister, Head of State, & National Chief of the
Governing Party.
In 1947, the Spanish people ratified a succession law

Modern Day Pirates
anything else of value that could benefit their cause. They evaded prosecution because of the "wide–
open sea and the impenetrable coastal mazes of reefs, inlets, and river–mouths, the pirates were able
to escape the wrath of the law for several decades" (Kuhn, 2009; 2010, 29). Those who enter into
this lifestyle were called pirates. Some of the most successful pirates whom their names are still
spoken today and are idolized are Blackbeard, Black Bart, Captain Morgan, and Calico Jack just to
name a few. The list goes on and on. All the mention pirates terrorized vast bodies of water and
colonies pillaging anything of value. Piracy just did not take place at sea or in narrow channels
many took advantage of defenseless town often raiding them for food, its people, and taxed them for
The most notable flag signifying piracy is the skull with the two crossed swords that is seen today in
Hollywood movies. This flag was flown under the control of Calico Jack, who terrorized the
beautiful water of the Caribbean. Pirates took advantage of the geographic structure just as modern–
day pirates do today. Shipping routes are very predictable and narrow channels help to funnel
vessels into an ambush style attack limiting mobility for the fleeing ships. In history pirate sailed,
waters included greater parts of the Atlantic, Straits of Malacca and Gibraltar, Gulf of Aden,
Caribbean, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Somalian coast just to name a few. The penalty for piracy
was death normally by hanging. That could give a reason why they fought so hard because at any
moment, it could be their last not to mention that a single ship could be carrying riches beyond the
imagination. As Navies around the world realized the problems of piracy, they started to build ships
that were faster and equipped with a variety of heavy weapons to hunt them down. They were
considered hostiles, and action could be taken on site without any governing order. They were
hanged, shot

Operation Torch Research Paper
Enclosure A, Directive for Commander–in–Chief Allied Expeditionary Force, the first sentence,
identifies the objective for Operation TORCH as "complete control of North Africa from the
Atlantic to the Red Sea". The Allied Center of Gravity (COG) for Operation TORCH is the military,
more specifically, the Western Task Force (WTF) as identified in Enclosure B, Annex IV to The
Outline Plan, Operation "TORCH" Outline Plan Western Task Force. The WTF will execute tasks
that will enable the obtainment of Operation TORCH objective. The most critical task executed will
be controlling the Straits of Gibraltar empowering the Allied to control access to the Mediterranean
Sea from the West end. The Allied COG critical factors to follow are in Enclosure

Diffusion Of Religion In The Early 20th Century
Relocation Diffusion of Christianity
Diffused from hearth Judea
Missionaries help diffuse a religion by preaching or carrying the teachings of the BIble
People in towns and military settlements were one of the first people the religion was diffused to by
Paul and other missionaries spread widely through contagious diffusion because believers were in
contact with non–believers permanent resettlement of europeans helped christianity became
dominant in North and South dominant indigenous populations were converted and intermarriages
helped spread the religion.
Africa is an example of an indigenous population where Christianity is widely.
Canada and US have large amount of protestant followers because colonists came from Protestant
England
Latin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Diffusion of Buddhism did not diffuse rapidly
Asoka, the emperor of Magadhan Empire spread Buddhism through missionaries.
Asoka's son, Mahinda converted many leaders such as the king of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) which is said
to be the longest and oldest tradition of practicing the religion
Pataliputra was the counsel that spread the missionaries to convert In the first century, merchants
along trading routes from India introduced Buddhism to China.
From China, it spread to Korea, then to Japan. It also lost its original support in India.
Lack of Diffusion of Universalizing Religions
The Bahá'í religion diffused in the nineteenth twentieth centuries, under the leadership of 'Abdu'l–
Bahá, son of the prophet Bahá'u'lláh. Bahá'í also spread rapidly during the late twentieth century,
when a temple was constructed on every continent.
Sikhism remained relatively clustered in the Punjab, where the religion originated. After it became
an independent state, the British took control but let them fight in the British army.
Preferring to live in Hindu–dominated India rather than Muslim dominated Pakistan, 2.5 million
Sikhs moved from Pakistan's West Punjab region to East Punjab in

The Legend Of Tutankhamun
The Tomb Of Tutankhamun The sand was boiling hot and the sun beating down are there backs.
Egypt was the place where Tutankhamun's tomb lay beneath the sand. A British man from Highclere
castle in Britain, was about to fund one of the greatest expeditions in the world. His name was Lord
Carnarvon and he was meeting with a great archeologist Dr. Howard Carter. "Hello young sir," Lord
Carnarvon said as Howard Carter walked through the huge front door. "I see you were waiting for
me in the parlor, how nice of you," Howard said with a chuckle. "I came here to discuss the plans
for the Tutankhamun expedition, but I'm sure you already know that," Howard said as he paced back
in forth in the parlor. "Yes indeed, I'm wanted to ask what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
"Can you see anything?" Lord Carnarvon asked, coughing. "Wondrous things," Howard said shining
his light on all of the treasures. "All the things a king could need the afterlife," Howard Carter said.
It took them many months to find the tomb with the Tutankhamun's body in it.
They had the body shipped to England to be examined, as well as many of Tutankhamun's
treasures.Lord Carnarvon went back to England as well to try and protect the artifacts. The president
of the Egyptian Museum insisted that they bring them back to Egypt because they belonged in
Egypt. "CARTER!" the president roared. "Sir please try to understand, they belong in England
where they can be properly examined," Howard Carter tried to explain.
"Do you think we don't know how to properly take care of mummified bodies and ancient
treasures?" the president said angrier than before."Our ancestors were the only people who
mummified bodies the right way and examined them properly," the president exclaimed. "Once the
body is examined, I will bring the artifacts and the body back to Egypt to be put in the museum, I
promise," Howard said trying to compromise. "Fine," the president said. They both left the room,
the president stomping his feet. Carter informed Carnarvon what do after the examination was
finished. He sent them straight back to Egypt to be put in the museum and to this day they are still

Operation Torch Case Study
During OPERATION TORCH the Allied Center of Gravity was their naval forces. The naval forces
were critical to the transporting combat forces, logistical support, and securing the sea lines of
communication throughout North Africa. The ability for the Allies to insert ground forces in and
around the Mediterranean was a critical capability they possessed. The ability to do enabled the joint
force to create a tactical advantage over the German Afrika Korps. Without this ability, it would
hinder all phases of Operation TORCH and the Allies goal of defeating the Axis. The critical
requirements needed to support the Allies began with the Allies security of the Straits of Gibraltar.
This task was important in order to begin OPERATION TORCH,

The Effects Of Global Warming On Our Environment
Global warming is already having significant and harmful effects on our communities, our health,
and our climate. Sea level rise is accelerating. The number of large wildfires is growing. Dangerous
heat waves are becoming more common. Extreme storm events are increasing in many areas. More
severe droughts are occurring in others We must take immediate action to address global warming
or these consequences will continue to intensify, grow ever more costly, and increasingly affect the
entire planet–including you, your community, and your family.The good news is that we have the
practical solutions at hand to dramatically reduce our carbon emissions, slow the pace of global
warming, and pass on a healthier, safer world to future generations.Global warming is happening
now. The planet 's temperature is rising. The trend is clear and unmistakable. Every one of the past
38 years has been warmer than the 20th century average. The 12 warmest years on record have all
occurred since 1998. The hottest year ever recorded for the contiguous United States occurred in
2012. Globally, the average surface temperature has increased The scientific evidence is clear.
Within the scientific community, there is no debate. An overwhelming majority of climate scientists
agree that global warming is happening and that human activity is the primary cause.
Global warming is already having significant and costly effects Accelerating Sea Level Rise Global
warming is accelerating the rate of sea level

Operation Torch Analysis
Operation TORCH is valid, well–conceived operational approach executing several decisive tactical
actions to achieve the desired strategic end state. North Africa and the Mediterranean Sea are in firm
control of the Axis. This prevents the British from using the shortest route through the
Mediterranean Sea in accessing raw materials and Persian Gulf oil. The British are heavily
dependent on imported oil. Therefore, the Allied want access to Persian Gulf oil and raw materials
via the Mediterranean Sea. Furthermore, the Allied strongly believe control of North Africa from the
Atlantic Sea to the Red Sea best achieves free use of the sea lines of communication (SLOC) via the
Mediterranean Sea. Operation TORCH takes control of Mediterranean

Essay On John Donne
John Donne was an English Poet, Priest and outsider. He was born into a devout catholic family in
1572 in London, however, he did not stay true to his families Catholic beliefs. Donne grew up as a
catholic in a rough period in England when the anti–Roman period was reaching new heights. This
of course caused problems for him until the 1590's when he returned to London from his studies
abroad in Theological issues and converted to the English church. During these early days of his
life, Donne converted because his brother was imprisoned for being Catholic and later died in
prison. With Donne now in the English Church writing he soon became the secretary to Sir Thomas
Egerton, Lord Keeper of the great seal. While for many this would prove to be the beginning of a
great career, it would soon end. This was because he secretly married the teen niece of Egerton, Ann
More, in 1601. He was then forced to move away to the countryside living in a poverty stricken
lifestyle. Although having twelve kids and living in poverty seems horrible, Donne still thrived in
his poetry. According to Wendy Smith, " Poetry written during those years limns an ecstatic physical
and emotional union with an intelligent, passionate companion. Perhaps this blissful society of two
was the home Donne had been looking for" (7). However, his wife died and his poetry took another
unexpected turn, as it became more dark and not as full of love. As the years went on Donne slowly
began to get sick more

The Abandoned Church Meaning
Task 1: The Abandoned Church – Significance to the Story: The fact that the story starts and ends
here is significant. In the beginning, Santiago sleeps under a giant sycamore inside the church and
doesn't realize the treasure is right under him. In the end, he digs and finds the treasure right where
he had slept before, which ends the story and leaves Santiago satisfied that he has finished his
Personal Legend. Significance Geographically: In the real world, the abandoned church is in Spain
and is about a four days journey (walking) from Tarifa. Tarifa – Significance to the Story: This city
makes a huge impact on Santiago because he meets the old king who tells him that he should follow
his dream about going to the Egyptian Pyramids. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To the world, Tarifa is a port to where things can get traded and bought, and where boats can come
to Tangier – Significance to the Story: Santiago makes some big mistakes here because of his lack
of experience with people, which gets his money stolen. He wants to give up because of this. The
significance of this city is that this is where he find the crystal shop. Significance Geographically: In
the real world, Tangier is on the northern tip of Morocco, across the Strait of Gibraltar, south of
Tarifa. To the world, Tangier is a port to where things can get traded and bought, and where boats
can come to. The Crystal Shop – Significance to the Story: The crystal shop is significant because,
before he finds this place, all of Santiago's money is stolen from him, and he feels like giving up his
dream to go to the Egyptian Pyramids. The owner of the crystal shop offers him a job. The shop is
significant because it plays a large role on how Santiago feels about life and getting towards his
personal legend. This is where he saves up enough money to continue his journey. Significance
Geographically: In the real world, the crystal shop would be located in the town of Tangier on the
top of

Research Paper On Spain
Country Study: Spain Spain is a country in Europe with bordering countries being Morocco,
Gibraltar, Andorra, France, and Portugal. Spain has a population of about 47,042,984 people. Spain
is also a social and democratic state, and uses the Euro as their currency. Some of the main exports
of Spain is machinery, motor vehicles, shipbuilding, chemicals, and electronic devices. Although the
capital of Spain is Madrid, other large cities included in Spain are Barcelona and Valencia. Year
round, the weather in Spain is usually very sunny, which makes Spain a quite popular tourist
destination. Even in the winter months, temperatures in Spain are very mild and warm. One of the
dishes served in Spain is the tortilla espaniola, or a potato omelette. They are usually slow cooked in
olive oil. Tortilla espaniola can also be found in sandwiches. Another dish served in Spain is
gazpacho. Gazpacho is a cold, refreshing tomato soup, usually served as an appetizer. Pisto is
another common served dish in Spain. This vegetarian dish a Spanish ratatouille made with
tomatoes, peppers, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Around 4000 BC, most of Spain was being occupied by the Iberians, who came to Spain from the
east. The Iberians were soon overtook by Carthage when the Iberian peninsula fell to. Later on
Carthage was overtaken by Rome during the Punic Wars. While the Romans had control of Spain,
they had set up the foundation for the Spanish language and culture. After the fall of the western
Roman empire in the fifth century AD, the Visigoths ruled Spain. The Visigoths were Germanic
people who had migrated from central Europe. Then in 711, the north African Muslims launched an
invasion across the Strait of Gibraltar, which occupied most of the peninsula within only a few
years. They remained there for over seven centuries. During this time though, the Christian
kingdoms in the north increased power over time, which gradually drove the Moors down

Atlantis Research Paper
Over the years, there have been plenty of islands that have disappeared. However, one island has has
been given a ton of attention. This island is called Atlantis and was referenced in the greek
philosopher Plato's work. The people that inhabited the Atlantis were supposed to be very advanced
compared to other civilizations. History.com says, " Plato (through the character Critias in his
dialogues) describes Atlantis as an island larger than Libya and Asia Minor put together, located in
the Atlantic just beyond the Pillars of Hercules–generally assumed to mean the Strait of Gibraltar."
The island eventually sank into the sea due to earthquakes and flooding. Many people thought
Plato's book was just a myth until in a scholar claimed it might ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One theory is that Atlantis was a mid–atlantic island that sunk into the ocean. This is very plausible
because of the fact that this part of ocean is only a few hundred feet deep. This means that an
earthquake could have very well weakened the foundation of the island. Then, if it did flood to like
Plato said then it could have easily sunk into the sea floor. This is what Palto explains in his book
but there also could have been many other ways that the island was destroyed,from tsunamis to
volcanos. Next, another theory is that Atlantis was swallowed by the bermuda triangle. This myth
could also very well be true because there are what looks like man–made walls and streets off the
coast of Bimini, although scientist evaluate the structures and found them to be natural rock
formation. Finally, the last theory is that Atlantis was Antarctica. History.com explains "According
to Hapgood, around 12,000 years ago the Earth's crust shifted, displacing the continent that became
Antarctica from a location much further north than it is today. This more temperate continent was
home to an advanced civilization, but the sudden shift to its current frigid location doomed the
civilization's inhabitants–the Atlanteans–and their magnificent city was buried under layers of ice.
Hapgood's theory surfaced before the scientific world gained a full understanding of plate tectonics,
which largely relegated his "shifting crust" idea to the fringes of Atlantean beliefs." This explains
that explorers that are looking for atlantis may truly be in the wrong place, instead of looking
through the sea they should be digging through ice. There are many plausible theories out there but
all of them are either missing evidence or need more investigation. Therefore there are plenty of
theros that explain Atlantis'

Christopher Columbus Essay examples
Touted as the founder of America, Christopher Columbus has been heralded in the US and Spain for
over five hundred years. As children, we were taught that Columbus was a dreamer. He had far–
fetched ideas about the world being round, instead of flat as it was once thought to be. And when
someone finally gave him the opportunity to prove his theory, he discovered America and named its
inhabitants "Indians". Just as shocking as finding out that the Tooth Fairy is one of your parents, this
version of Columbus couldn't be further from the truth. The real truth about Columbus is far
different and less magical than what we have come to accept as the truth. Christopher Columbus
(Cristobal Colon in Spanish, Cristoforo Columbo in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Columbus' ship was burned and he survived only be swimming six miles to shore. After regaining
his strength, without money or position, Columbus made his way to Lisbon where he arrived in
1477. Soon after he arrived, he began sailing for Italian merchants to Northern Atlantic ports. His
travels kept him busy with trips as far away as Iceland. However, Columbus did find the time to
meet and marry Felipa Perestrello of Portugal. In their brief marriage, Columbus fathered a son
before his wife died, only two years after they first met. Later, he would have another son out of
wedlock. The next four years up until 1484, Columbus spent his time devising a way to sail to the
Indies. He studied maps and text provided to him by the king of Portugal. While Felipa's family had
not had much money, they were still nobility, which gave Columbus access to the Portuguese court
and the King. It was during this time that Columbus came up with his plan to find a westward route
to Asia. Contrary to modern day textbooks, by the end of the 15th century, most everyone knew that
the Earth was a sphere. The question that remaining was the size of the Earth. Columbus wanted the
opportunity to explore and hopefully discover a new route to Asia and to the mythical land that
Marco Polo had referred to–Cipango (Japan). In 1484, the King of Portugal denied his request
saying that it was too expensive, that Columbus was a

The Adventures of Ibn Battuta by Ross E. Dunn
The book I chose to read for this summer assignment was The Adventures of Ibn Battuta (Revised
edition) written by Ross E. Dunn. The predominant reason as to why I chose this book is because I
am Moroccan descent and I had a strong desire to learn more about the rich cultures of the Arab
world. I once read that those who had the last name Bencomo, which was orginally from the Canary
Islands and written as Tehncomo were descendents of the Islamic traveler, Ibn Battuta. This sparked
even more curiosity to learn about my ancestor's history. I heard stories from my grandmother about
the Moors since her father was half Moroccan. I knew I had to learn about this since this is a part of
who I am.
This book mainly narrates the adventures and travels of a 14th century Muslim scholar, native of
Tangier who studied law but dreamed of traveling and seeing different perspectives of the world.
Ibn is described by many as the Marco Polo of the Muslim world. Ibn traveled by all means possible
during his time period, horse, camel, boat, foot, and boat for approximately 29 years. The area he
covered would now be the equivalent to 40 modern countries and 73,000 miles. Quotes I found most
interesting were "A scholar's education is greatly improved by traveling in quest of knowledge and
meeting the authoritative teachers (of his time)." by Ibn Khaldun pg. 27. This was quite inspiring
because it shows that with an open mind and many travels you can age with wisdom and share your
knowledge with

A Splendid Exchange Essay
Dennis Berk A.P. World
Dr. Andrews Summer Assignment The accelerating pace of international trade is one of the most
dominating, and important features, of contemporary life. Globalization is creating widespread
changes for societies, economics, and governments. Since the invention of the steam engine,
transportation and communication limits have faded away and, with the development of the Internet,
practically disappeared. A case can be made for the proposition that trade, throughout history, has
been the main engine for the development of the world as we know it today. In his book, A Splendid
Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World, William J. Bernstein makes this case. The main thesis of A
Splendid ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has shown me how important trade was and how difficult it used to be compared to now. Today,
many people have cell phones and even more people have access to a television, radio, or the
Internet, so, for example, if an event occurs in South Korea in less than an hour news stations all
over the world are reporting about it and have analysts debate about it for hours. However, back in
the 1000's and 1100's, if you were living in France, and an event occurs in China, there is a good
chance that the person living in France would never know about it. Also, in the 1000's or 1100's if
you were born in a village in England, unless you were a merchant, chances are that you would not
go further than 50 miles in any direction from where you were born. Transportation in the 1000's
and 1100's was limited to walking and sea travel. Sea travel was very dangerous, due to pirates and
poorly made ships, so many Europeans didn't risk it. Today, with the invention of the steam engine,
automobile, and airplane to go from New York to California by plane takes only six hours, although
you are traveling around 3000 feet. In today's world it's no big deal if you travel 3000 feet in one
day, but in the 1000's and 1100's this was such a radical thought that no one had ever even wasted
their time trying to think about it. William J. Bernstein asks many questions in his novel. One of
them is how goods got from China to Rome. Bernstein answers this

Why Is Atlantis Important To Plato's Story?
Atlantis was an island that was larger than Libya and Asia Minor put together as described by the
Athenian philosopher Plato. Atlantis was located in the Atlantic just beyond the Pillars of Hercules
generally assumed to mean the Strait of Gibraltar. Its culture was advanced and it had a constitution
suspiciously similar to the one outlined in Plato's "Republic." It was protected by the god Poseidon,
who made his son Atlas king and namesake of the island and the ocean that surrounded it.(lookup)
As the Atlanteans grew powerful, their ethics declined. Their armies eventually conquered Africa as
far as Egypt and Europe as far as Tyrrhenia before being driven back by an Athenian–led alliance.
Later, by way of divine punishment, the island was beset ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In the first centuries of the Christian era, Aristotle was taken at his word and Atlantis was little
discussed.(lookup) In 1627, the English philosopher and scientist Francis Bacon published a
unrealistic novel titled "The New Atlantis," depicting, like Plato before him, a politically and
scientifically advanced society on a previously unknown oceanic island. In 1882, former U.S.
Congressman Ignatius L. Donnelly published "Atlantis: The Antediluvian World,"(lookup) which
touched off a frenzy of works attempting to locate and learn from a historical Atlantis. Donnelly
hypothesized an advanced civilization whose immigrants had populated much of ancient Europe,
Africa and the Americas, and whose heroes had inspired Greek, Hindu and Scandinavian

The Strait Of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Outflow
Straits of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Outflow
Name
Institution
Straits of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Outflow The Strait of Gibraltar is located between the northern
coast of Morocco and the southern coast of Spain. It is the only place that allows the water of the
Mediterranean to mix with the water from the Atlantic Ocean. The Strait of Gibraltar is narrow strait
separating peninsular Spain and Gibraltar in Morocco and Europe from Morocco as well as the
Ceuta/ Spain in Africa. Also, the trait connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. The
Strait of Gibraltar is known by many names including the 'pillar of Hercules' in the ancient world,
STROG meaning Strait of Gibraltar in naval use. The name originates from the rock of ... Show
They include the upper layer of the Atlantic water flowing eastward above the heavier and saltier
Mediterranean water that flows eastwards into the Atlantic Ocean. Also, it is referred to as the
Mediterranean outflow water (Wesson & Gregg, 2009). As the Mediterranean water flows to the sea
it follows the rising sea floor creating series of internal waves which are not easy seen because they
do not generate large waves, but rather horizontal surface currents that affect the roughness of the
sea surface. Internal waves can be seen from space suing special radar method capable of detecting
sensitive changes in the roughness of the water surface. The direct link created by the Strait of
Gibraltar between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean is responsible for the generation of
unique wave patterns and unique flow. The unique patterns created as a result of the interaction
between the global evaporative and different regional forces, wind forces, and tidal forces
(Robinson & Paola, 2005).
Inflow and outflow: the water flowing through the Strait are more or less continuous in both the
westward and the eastward directions. The larger amount of water comprising of the surface water
of lower density and salinity flows continually eastwards (the Mediterranean inflow) while the
smaller water amounts of deeper, saltier and heavier water flows continually westwards (the
Mediterranean outflow). The general flow tendencies of the water

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