Iranian Revolution And Comic Book Persepolis

Iranian Revolution and Comic Book Persepolis
Persepolis
The memoir of Marjane Satrapi growing up in Iran is written as a very personal account in the
comic book Persepolis. This is a story that describes her life during the Islamic Revolution which
includes her moral, physical, religious, and psychological struggles she endured. Being the setting of
a bloody war with Iraq, Iran was not the ideal environment Marjane's parents wanted her to grow up
in. Persepolis represents a unique life of a child in Tehran, Iran and the actions she took in order to
survive the political upheaval her country was facing. Marjane Satrapi is of great importance in
teaching us the hardships of life during war as well as the history of her country. Persepolis was
chosen to be on the summer reading ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before things get better for Satrapi, they get worse. Her first real boyfriend cheats on her and she
leaves the place she is staying because she becomes fed up with the owner. She is now out of money
and homeless, but goes to the home of her mother's friend where her parents call her and beg her to
come home. The climax in this part of the story occurs during the transition between her
homelessness and her return to Iran. Going back home does not solve her problems though. She
cannot escape the image of war in her home country and she tries to commit suicide, but somehow
lives. She ends up marrying a man named Reza and they attend a university together, but later
decide to get a divorce because they do not love each other any longer. The war has ended by 1988
and Marjane realizes that her ultimate resolution is to leave Iran and live in France for the rest of her
life. The actions of Marjane Satrapi are very admirable during her country's time of chaos. When she
felt that she was being treated unfairly, she spoke up and questioned others in a dignified manner
without being insulting. However, many of the authority figures claimed that questioning them was
insulting them so she was sometimes punished. When Marjane and her classmates were being told
that they must wear long veils and loose clothing she stood up in front of the class and asked why
they must be so covered up when the boys were not required to dress to the same degree. This was
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Iran Us Nuclear Conflict
Brian O. Poole
ORG 5605: Communication Strategies for Conflict
Resolution and Mediation
Dr. Sara Rogers
March 14, 2011
The relationship between the United States and Iran has increasingly been deteriorating, especially
since Tehran began to flex its muscles following the Iraq war in 2003 and its insistence on
maintaining its uranium enrichment program. Both sides have grievances against each other that
date back to the 1979 Iranian Revolution and beyond (Ben–Meir, 2009). The two countries have
been in dialogue in the past but with fundamental ideological and strategic differences. There are
many important points to their issues with Iran's nuclear weapon program being the biggest. The fact
remains, however, that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The United States used the distributive approach to negotiations by giving a bottom line for
negotiation that was outlined in their perspective. The United States was direct. They simply gave
issues that has to be address for negotiations to succeed: (1) the history of tensions, charges and
recriminations on both sides; (2) the view that the Ahmadinejad pre sidency and Iran 's leadership as
a whole have become much more hard line, repressive and difficult to deal with, and mat
Washington should continue to support regime change; (3) American charges that Iran continues to
support terrorism, particularly against Israel, via allies in Syria and Lebanon; (4) Iranian actions in
Iraq and Afghanistan; (5) Iran 's broader role in the Gulf and the Middle East/ North Africa region;
and (6) the Iranian nuclear issue (Cordesman, 2008) . The integrative aspect of the negotiations
yielded more detailed possible results prior to the coming to impasse. The P5+1 which includes the
United States, China, Russia, Great Britain, France and Germany reached a proposal with Iran. This
was considered a "win–win" proposal by the United States. Under the proposal, Iran would send out
1,200 kilograms, or almost 70 percent, of its estimated growing stock of low–enriched uranium and
receive a multiyear supply of 19.75 percent fuel for the small Tehran

Battle Analysis Iran / Iraq War
Battle Analysis Karbala V Iran–Iraq War 9–28 January 1987 I. Introduction By 1987, The Iran– Iraq
War had been fought to a bloody stalemate after seven years. Both nations were looking for a final
victory that would secure regional dominance when the war ended. Iran, which enjoyed a 3–1
population advantage over the Baathists, had shocked Iraqi commanders by their use of "human
wave" offensives to breach minefields and swarm positions. The religious furor of the Shias seemed
to be a substitute for inferior weapons, equipment, training, and logistics. Iraqi units, however, were
hardly defenseless. The use of chemical munitions and armor tactics by Iraqi units, as well as their
use of rehearsal techniques often gave them decisive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Large numbers of Iranians continued to flow out of the bulge crowding the narrow space between
berms two and three. Their progress, however, was blocked by the Border Guards, who gave way
slowly contesting every meter of ground. This produced a frenzied butting match that went on for
over a week. Finally, on or about January 17, the Border Guards side–slipped across the Jasim,
opening the way for the Iranians to surge across the Shatt Al Arab. Before they could do so,
however, they had first to ford a small channel and then traverse an island in the middle of the Shatt.
Before the Iranians could start their river–crossing, the Iraqi high command committed a division of
infantry to stop them. The division attacked south on the island and within 48 hours had succeeded
in driving the Iranians off it. The fighting now subsided for a brief interval, while the Iranians
continued moving fresh troops into the "liberated zone," and the Iraqis consolidated their defense
line along the Jasim. On January 27, the Iranians played their last card–they tried to ford the Jasim
and were briefly successful in doing so. However, after an advance of no more than a few meters,
they stalled as the Iraqi defense stiffened, hurling the Iranians back. On January 28 when a new
infusion of Republican Guard reserves crushed the bulge along Fish Lake, preventing the Iranians
from making

Iran Iraq War Research Paper
The Iran–Iraq war is one of the most important, but least well known events in the recent history of
the Middle East. It was no small conflict, lasting eight years, with casualties estimated to be between
150,000 to 340,000 Iraqis and 450,000 to 730,000 Iranians killed in the conflict. It saw the newly
revolutionary Iran pitted against Saddam's Ba'athist Iraq. It saw the United States support a regime
that it would eventually topple, against a nation that only a couple years earlier was a close ally. It
was a war of the Sunni Arab world against the Shiite Iranians; a conflict that still plagues the Middle
East even today. It also echoed some of the worst aspects of World War I, with the Iraqis deploying
chemical weapons like mustard gas and Tabun, without the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Iranians had been claiming that Saddam was using chemical weapons against them since the
beginning of the war in 1980, but these accusations were not taken seriously. After the war U.S.
officials would point to 1982 as Iraq's the initial use of chemical weapons, which would continue on
throughout the war. Regrades of when they were first used however, uses of chemical weapons
became more apparent and in May of 1984, the UN was forced to issue an official condemnation of
their use. Officially, Ayatollah Khomeini objected to the use of chemical weapons, but there is
evidence from multiple sources that's subjects that the Iranians did retaliate in kind, just not to as
great of a degree. Chemical Weapons historian Eric Croddy reported that with captured Iraqi
stockpiles, "Iran began using chemical weapons ofencivly between 1984 and 1985, and went on to
use indigenously produced chemical weapons, including mustard and phosphine gas, between 1987
and

The Iran Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq lasted from September 1980 to August 1998, which made it the longest conventional
war of the 20th century. The consequence of the war cost billions of dollars and millions of lives.
The result of the war, although stalemate would be a critical factor that would shape the future of the
Middle East. The historical deep–rooted hostile relationship that emanated from the ethnic Arab–
Persian and religious Sunni– Shi'ite tensions between the two neighbouring countries contributed to
the conditions necessary for war. Although many historians and scholars argue that the deep–rooted
ethnic and religious tension caused the outbreak the war, it fails to explain the periods where both
countries were cooperating and involved in alliances ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, as the war progressed Iraqi offensive began to become ineffective and Iranian resistance
became stronger. Iran's advantage in raw manpower enabled them to carry out surprise attacks and
the use of human wave attacks. However, the trend changed again and the war favoured Iraq in
1982, inflicting serious Iranian casualties. Moreover, it has been noted that during the war, both
states misjudged the loyalty and unification of their opposition 's population.
The lengthy war between the two neighbouring countries has been noticeable for its use of ballistic–
missile attacks, chemical weapons, and attacks on third–country oil tankers in the Persian Gulf.
Generally the assessments on the cost of the Iran–Iraq war tend to focus on the lost oil revenues,
declining gross national products, infrastructure destruction, and the number of casualties. Research
conducted suggest that around 1.2 million lives were lost in the war, around 2.2 million people were
wounded, and around 1.5 million people were forced to flee due to the violent conflict. Furthermore,
approximately 157 Iranian towns with populations of 5 thousand or more were damaged or totally
destroyed during the war, and about 1,800 villages located around the border were nearly wiped off
the map. Before the war there had always been a rivalry between the two states, ranging from border
disputes, competition for

The US Involvement In The Iran-Iraq War
"We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and
perpetual, and those interests it is our duty to follow", is a prominent quote from Henry John
Temple, a British statesman who served twice as Prime Minister, well explains that the relationship
between countries is bounded by interest. On the Middle East Issue, the United States shifted its
position multiple times to guarantee its interests. US involvement in Iran–Iraq war is a typical
example that demonstrates US ambitions of hegemony over control of the Mideast. Thus, Iran–Iraq
War is not a war that indicates international harmony, but a contest of interests between great powers
with a million causalities. Either in 1980s or today in twenty–first century, the controversy of US
involvement in the Middle East never stops. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The US Officials didn't need to bother about the ayatollah, the Shiite religious leader Iran,
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (Blight 55), as President Jimmy Carter said, "Iran, because of the
great leadership of the shah, is an island of stability." The United States had lots of support to Iran,
which were financial aid, military weapons and nuclear technologies. In return, Iran promised to the
US that it would not surrender to communism (Delviscio). By contrast, US–Iraqi relations wobbled
before 1979. Iraq pursued neutralism in the Cold War and displayed its anti–US tendencies. It
considered the United States was complicit in its enemies in Six Day War and Kurdish rebels.
Therefore, Iraq chose the Soviet Union as its ally to develop its oil capacity and military force

Taking a Look at Graphic Novels
Graphic novels are seen to be successful to those who don't like reading pages of words upon words,
but instead acting more like a comic book with semi–detailed pictures that help the reader envision
the author's intended view. Although, they do have their limitations on being condensed and lacking
details that could allow the reader to fully understand characters in the environment of the novel.
With graphic novels, history is a great use to portray many important events such as the Boxer
Rebellion in China and provide a novel that can inform an audience of the history and reasoning
behind the event. As a whole graphic novels are best in that they can get a point across to the reader
much more efficiently than a wordy novel, but not with it's limitations of being condensed in nature
and lacking the extra details needed to understand the characters in the story. Therefore, graphic
novels reach a wide set of audiences, remains strong in providing voice and portraying it's setting,
but is weak with characterization and providing sufficient detail to the understanding of a historic
event. To obtain a wider range of an audience, graphic novels will just do that. Graphic novels have
many positives to the reader that it helps the reader view the novel in the author's light of thinking.
Graphic novels illustrate the scene in comic strip form that only narrative is needed to bring the
images to life. In Boxers and Saints, the story of Bao and Vibiana is illustrated so beautifully

Iraq War Between Iran And Iraq
While both Iran and Iraq, the two most powerful states in the Persian Gulf, had boarder disputes
dating back to 1501, Iraq has always had a long history of conflicts with its neighboring countries
but none more conspicuously than Iran. Historians believe that the forty battles of the Iran– Iraq war
were fought because of territorial and government disputes. After eight long years, the Iran– Iraq
war was adequately more than people had every imagined it to be. The bitter war devastated both
countries and left many with unanswered questions. The Iran Iraq War of 1980 was between Iran
and Ba 'athist Iraq beginning on September 22, 1980, continuing for eight years, and ending on July
20, 1988. "This war set the stage for many of the current ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In fact, Iran and Iraq had completely different forms of government. The Iran empire is heir of the
Persian empire, and Iraq is the heir of the Babylonian Empire; meaning the Iranians identify
themselves as Persians, while the Iraqis identify themselves as Arabs. Because of this difference in
government,
From the Iran perspective, the Shatt al Arab was a natural boarder to decipher the two counties
however, because the tribes on both sides of the river were Arab Iraq claimed they had control over
the entire area of the Shatt al Arab. However, Iran completely disagreed. Tension continued to build
between Iraq and Iran when president Hussien publicized his his aspirations to "expand his countries
power, prestige, and influence hoping to become the leading nation in the Middle East." He believed
the only way to accomplish his goal is to declare war on Iran. Many believed that the war would not
actually go through, but in the early morning of September 22, 1980, Iraq attacked Iran and the Iran
Iraq War of 1980 began. The fighting of the war commenced along the southwest boarder of the two
countries. That morning, Iraq led the surprise invasion by air strikes on the Iranian air fields in
attempt to destroy the Iranian Air Force. After the attack failed, Iraq then launched a ground
invasion in attempt to cut off the Shatt al Arab from the rest of Iran. This began what has been
described as "the 20th Century's longest conventional war." Following the initial

Marjane Satrapi 's Persepolis And The War Between Iran And...
In life, growing up is inevitable and happens to everyone, but how that growing up occurs can be
very different depending on your environment. Marjane Satrapi's autobiographical graphic novel,
Persepolis, is set in Iran before and during the Iranian Revolution of the late 1970's and the war
between Iran and Iraq. The graphic novel centers around the daughter of an Iranian family, Marjane,
who is an energetic and jubilant young girl at the beginning of the story.The revolution and other
factors force her to mature quickly as she is influenced by violence, destruction, and the people
surrounding her.
Marjane's growth and development throughout the book are greatly affected by the people around
her, such as her parents and her friends.One instance is when Marjane has been spending time with
her family 's maid, Mehri. While Marjane spent time with her, Mehri was flirting with a next door
neighbor of Marjane's family. When Marjane's father finds out about this he tells the neighbor that
Mehri was their maid and the neighbor decides not to continue seeing her. Then Marjane's father
tells Marjane that their love is impossible because they are in different social classes and Marjane
gets frustrated and angry. She asks her father, "Is it her fault she was born where she was born?" (37,
panel 6). She also asks him "Dad are you for or against social classes?" (37, panel 6). The speech
balloon that she asks this question in is jagged and spiky and in the panel her hands are clasped

The Islamic Wars : The Cold War And The Iran-Iraq War
In May, President Hassan Rouhani won his re–election bid with 57 percent of the votes and beat his
main rival, the hardline Ayatollah Ebrahim Raisi. Three months later, in August, Rouhani sent the
list of his cabinet to the Parliament. Like his first cabinet, most of the ministers have military and
intelligence background, and many are former officers of the Ministry of Intelligence and Security.
Rouhani's cabinet is in direct contrast to Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's cabinet which the members of the
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps had dominated. Majority of western analysts describe Iran's
politics as the scene of rivalry between the Reformist–Moderate camp and the hardliner front. A
more accurate description should portray the rift between ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Of the 29, 9 came from MOIS which is 31 percent, compared with the 28 percent in his second term
cabinet. In Rouhani's first term cabinet 6 of 29 nominees, 20 percent, had IRGC background which
higher than 17 percent in his second term. The three nominees with IRGC background in Rouhani's
new cabinet were Jahromi, Rabie and Bitaraf. Jahromi and Rabie's MOIS background is stronger;
also Rabie and Bitaraf left the IRGC in the late 80s and do not enjoy good relation with the current
governing elites at the IRGC. Moreover, the parliament rejected Bitaraf for his ties to the Reformist
movement. In summary, the IRGC does not have a strong presence in Rouhani's cabinet.
Significant Changes in the cabinet
The list of Rouhani's ministers in his both terms shows he has put people with intelligence and
security background in charge of not only security–related ministries but the culture and economy–
related ministries too. Both of Rouhani's communications and IT ministers came from MOIS.
Mahmoud Vaezi, Rouhani's minister of communication and Information Technology in his first
cabinet and his chief of staff in the second cabinet is a former MOIS officer. Vaezi's successor,
Jahromi, transferred by Vaezi from MOIS to the ministry as his deputy minister, served in
Ahmadinejad's MOIS and was in charge of wiretapping operations. He reportedly had an active role
in the interrogation of dissidents during the 2009 green revolution. The irony is not lost on anyone
that

The Iran-Iraq War Essay
The Iran–Iraq War
While the Iran–Iraq War during the 1980's may have permanently altered the course of progress in
Iran and Iraq, the war also altered the resulting permanent involvement of the rest of the world in the
middle–east. The rich and complicated history in Iraq has established numerous cultural and ethnic
traditions that all play a part in where the country is today. The Iran–Iraq War brought into focus
some of those traditions and how they conflicted, while also bringing Iraq and its economic situation
into the spotlight. Being on top of some of the most mineral rich soil in the world makes Iraq a
major contributor to the world's economy through petroleum and crude oil exports. This, among
other reasons, ties nations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Safavids were the first the first to declare Shia Islam the official religion of Iran, and their
interest in Iraq lay in the Shia holy places in central Iraq, and also the fact that Baghdad held
significant symbolic value as the seat of the ancient Abbasid Empire. The Ottoman Empire on the
other hand was afraid that Shia Islam would spread to Asia Minor, and thus looked to control Iraq as
a Sunni–dominated buffer state. During the Ottoman period, the Sunnis were placed in political
positions, while the Shias were then shut out of the political process. This divide between the Sunnis
and the Shias continued to be more and more of an important element in the Iraqi social structure,
and remains an issue even today. It was also during this time period that the Kurdish Baban Dynasty
emerged and began to organize resistance to the Ottoman rule in Northern Iraq.
Then came the First World War and with it the defeat of the German army and their allies, including
Turkey. As a result in 1919, Iraq, as well as Palestine, came under the control of Great Britain who
proceeded to draw out the borders and establish a government that would best suit them. The years
which followed were filled with revolutions, jihad, and unrest, as the British sought to maintain
control of a nation with which they knew very little about.

The War Between Iraq And Iran
The war between Iraq and Iran initiated by Iraq dictator Saddam Hussein in September 1980
provided no gains or benefits to either country, at the end of the war in July of 1988 after 8 long
years. At the conclusion of many wars throughout history, at least one party resulted in gaining
territory, wealth, power, and other profits. However, in reality it is understood that no one ever wins
in war due to the adverse affects among innocent humanity; exemplified by the Iraq–Iran war. The
initial conflict begins in 1979 when Iran went through the Islamic Revolution overthrowing
Mohammad Reza Shah, the current head of the Iran. This period of Iranian turmoil lead to a many
changes in government, creating a politically weak country. Trying to gain from Iran's turmoil
Saddam Hussein made plans to control the region. Saddam Hussein, the president of Iraq, wanted
"exclusive Iraqi sovereignty over the Shatt–el–Arab River... forming Iraq's best outlet to the sea"
(History). This would give Iraq political and economic dominance of the gulf while making Hussein
the leader of the Arab world. Saddam also felt that the new Iran revolutionary leadership "would
threaten Iraq's delicate Sunni Shia balance" (Federal Research Division). Ayatollah Khomeini was
brought to power after the Revolution and directly opposed Saddam Hussein and "did not disguise
his desire to see him toppled" (BBC). The distinguishing factors of the Iraq–Iran war were, due to
Hussein's commands, its indiscriminate missile

Iran-Iraq War Research Paper
The findings of the Ottoman Empire date all the way back to 1299 under Osman I, the founder and
leader of the Ottoman Turks in northwest Anatolia. By 1900, the Ottoman Empire was a large
multinational, multilingual empire, consisting of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, Northern Africa
and even the oil fields of Southern Iraq. Although being under Turkish rule, this large population of
this geographic area was full of different nationalities containing multiple ethnic and religious
groups, many of which disliked each other. Due to this aversion of one another, these groups
identified themselves to their own distinct nationality rather than being part of the Ottoman Empire.
The result of this internal conflict led to a fragile nation that struggled ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Iran has been the center of the Shiite branch of Islam, while Iraq, where Shiites are in a slight
majority, has been led by political elites from the Sunni branch of Islam. On September 22, 1980,
Iraq invaded Iran by air and land. Iraq maintains that Iran started the war on September 4 with
artillery attacks on Iraqi towns. The aim of Iraq's attack, according to President Saddam Hussein,
was to boost claims for Iraqi sovereignty over the Shatt al Arab, and for a shift of the boundary to
the Iranian side. Hussein also demanded border adjustments in the north and the return to "Arab"
sovereignty of three islands at the mouth of the Gulf that Iran occupied in 1971. Experts on the
fighting say Hussein began the war to topple the Khomeini regime and to make Iraq the dominant
Gulf power. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute confirms that 95 per cent of
military supplies to him came from France, the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and China. Saddam
fought the Iran–Iraq war with Soviet tanks and artillery, Soviet and French aircraft, and French
electronic air defenses. Iraq used chemical weapons repeatedly against Iran during the Iran–Iraq war
and against the

The US Involvement In The Iraq-Iran War
Iraq–Iran war The Iraq–Iran war also known as the Persian Gulf War in 1980 had a huge impact not
only both countries but others too, and also had a significant effect on the world. The war was
between the nations of Iraq and Iran over Oil in the possession of Iran. The United States joined the
war officially in 1984 on the side of the Iraqis and supported their leader Saddam Hussein. However
there have been major skepticism towards the involvement of the U.S in the war. Some feel the U.S
got involved because It needed to give military aid to Iraq because there were in need of it while
other feel otherwise that their involvement was only for their selfish purposes. The United State
involvement in the wasn't justified because they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The United States failed to live up to its ideals of fairness and justice. The U.S has been known for
its aid in defending rights and fighting oppression. If any of both sides either Iraq or Iran was to
recieve aid from the U.S based on jusitce, it should have been Iran. The Iraqis shouldnt have gotten
any aid from the U.S because out of their selfish desires decided to attack Iran for their oil. The U.S
also did not have any genuine reason to join the war Iraq–Iran war. According to the 1975 law, an
ammendment to the Foriegn Assistance Act of 1961 forbids the use of C.I.A money to perform any
activity or aid unless the president approves and finds that such operation is important to the
national security. This clearly wasnt a war involving the U.S, and in no way posed to be a threat to
natonal security. The U.S saw it as an opportunity to legally exploit them of oil by granting aid to
both sides and at the end acquire the oil to

George W. Bush Administration's Role In The Iran-Iraq War
Immerman (2016) began with the hostage crisis of 1979 and the beginning of the Iran–Iraq war
which was reported to last almost a decade. While the CIA proved helpful in making great
predictions in regards to Iraq, they were unable to provide accurate information in regards to
Saddam Hussein's weapons of mass destruction.
The predictions made in 1990 according to Immerman (2016) were that Iraq was approximately five
to ten years away from acquiring nuclear weapons. In the early 1990's it began being reported that
Iraq was making moves, such as producing uranium and advancing their nuclear programs proving
the CIA intelligence to be less accurate than what they believed. With continued efforts to monitor
Iraq by satellite and through information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bush was elected. George W. Bush and his national security team were reported to believe that
former President Clinton had an obsession with Osama bin Laden and al Quaeda and they ultimately
backed off proving what turned out to be an underestimation of bin Laden's power.
August 6, 2001, Bush was reported that receive a brief informing him of Bin Laden's intent to strike
the US, but this warning was overlooked and allowed the US to vulnerable to the attacks of
September 11, 2001. Once al Qaeda was deemed as responsible for the attack, the US implemented
a strategy to strike back with Operation Enduring Freedom. Eventually the US implemented
Operation Iraqi Freedom and fought terrorism in both countries simultaneously.
Immerman (2016) reported an ongoing of military acts over more than a decade after the attacks of
9/11. With troops both in Iraq and Afghanistan, the United States was found to be successful.
However, many lessons were learned throughout this time in regards to the use of intelligence and
the United States policies. While Immerman (2016) reported latter President Obama's efforts to
remove troops from Iraq and Afghanistan, the US continues to have their presence

How Did Western States Use Chemical Weapons In The...
Iran and Iraq had been in war since 1980 and Iran had used chemical weapons in the war since 1984
against enemy soldiers but in 1988 something even worse happened – chemical weapons were used
against civilians. This was a difficult time for Western countries who were allies with Iraq because
using chemical weapons was considered illegal by international rules but not by Iraq – and allies
chose to close one eye. In this essay I am going to discuss when and where were chemical weapons
used, by and against whom and how did Western countries react.
One of the darkest chapters of the war was the Al–Anfal campaign which culminated in 1988. It was
a genocidal campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq after fighting for years with the peshmerga
insurgents who were fighting for their independence which was unacceptable for Iraqi leaders
because Kurdish lands were very rich with oil. The most powerful man in the area was Ali Hassan
al–Majid, a cousin of President Saddam Hussein who was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Many Western countries had been backing Saddam's Iraq during the war with arms and financing
like Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands. Iraq even managed to convince the Reagan
administration that Iran was behind all this but it did not take long for others to see the truth. What
makes the truth even worse is that Americans provided Iraqis with intelligence about Iranian troops
and their location although CIA knew Saddam's forces were going to act with chemical weapons on
it. They calculated coldly that using chemical weapons was better than Iraq losing the war to post–
revolution Islamic Iran.
One of the biggest crimes against humanity of recent decades has been talked about far too little and
much of that is because many Western countries were linked to it. Saddam's Iraq used chemical
weapons against Kurdish civilians during the Al–Anfal campaign and in attacking the city of
Halabja killing thousands and crippling even

Why Did The Persian Gulf War Happen
The Persian Gulf War
The reason why the Persian Gulf War happened needs to go back to what happened after the long
lasting war between Iran and Iraq. Iran and Iraq ministers met in Geneva looking for peace. Saddam
Hussein surprisingly was willing to give up the territories that his troops occupied a long time ago to
dissolve the conflict. Just two weeks later, Saddam Hussain accused Kuwait for transporting oil
from the Ar–Rumaylah oil field located on their common border illegally. Kuwait has links with
Iraq. In a sense Kuwait was like a kid brother or sister that are kind of from the same family. Iraq
had problem with debt because they borrowed money from many countries due to the war between
Iran and Iraq. He used this opportunity to try to clear his debt by demanding Saudi Arabia and
Kuwait to cancel out Iraq's debt. He accused Kuwait to keep oil prices low in an attempt to satisfy
Western oil buying nations in their own interest. Hosni Mubarak was the president at the time and he
first tried to start a negotiation between Iraq and Kuwait ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Iraq formally added Kuwait to its own territory United States and other Western nations tried
to stop it. The United Nations demanded Iraq to withdraw their troops from Kuwait Before January
1991 or they are going to view Iraq as a threat and take action. Saddam Hussein refused to obey and
didn't withdraw. This is when the first United States air force planes landed in Saudi Arabia. These
planes were filled with troops sent by NATO allies to guard a possible attack from Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia tried to gain Muslim support by declaring a jihad (holy war). When that didn't work he
tried to gain Palestinian support by offering to help with Israeli occupied territory problem if they
help evacuate Kuwait. When that failed he made peace with Iran so that Iraq can fight with all of its

The Relations And Roles Of The Iran And Iraq War
PAK–IRAN RELATIONS
Chronicled BACKGROUND:
After the chance of Pakistan in Aug 1947, Iran had the novel distinction of being the main country
to overall distinguish the sovereign position of Pakistan. As of now, the two nations are financially
savvy partners. This cooperation made due all through the Awesome War, with Iran helping Pakistan
in its debate with main adversary, Local neighborhood Indian nearby. In return once more, Pakistan
expanded Iran militarily amid the Iran– Iraq War in the Nineteen–eighties. Since 2000, associations
between the two proclaims have been generally steady and financially savvy and armed force
coordinated effort has enhanced the connection. The two nations are beginning individuals the Cost–
viable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Pakistan, the Primary Reverend is the highest point of govt just, and his or her "legislature" or
"service" directs the master division of us govt government, while the Us we essential official has no
vitality over us govt government and is unavoidably specific a stately nonentity.
IRANIAN REVOLUTION:
Bhutto's end was taken after the one–Half year later by the Iranian Design and topple of the Shah of
Iran. Iran's new Excellent Head, the Ayatollah Khomeini, pulled back the globe from CENTO and in
addition its association with the U. s. States. The reliably affected armed force govt of Zia–ul–Haq
and the Islamic Design in Iran suited each other well, and in that capacity there was no strategic and
govt chest between them. In 1979, Pakistan was one of the main nations in the whole globe to
distinguish the astonishing system in Iran. Answering rapidly to this astonishing change, Globally
Reverend of Pakistan Agha Shahi quickly began an ailment excursion to Tehran, gathering with his
Iranian form Karim Sanjabi on 10 Apr 1979. Both demonstrated affirmation that Iran and Pakistan
were going to objective together for a lighter future. The following day, Agha Shahi sorted out
converses with the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, in which advancements in the group were said.
On 11 Apr 1979, Zia famously expressed that

Saddam Hussein's Three Reasons For The Invasion Of Iraq
resident Bush announced in 2003 the intentions to invade Iraq, and dismantle Saddam Hussein's
regime "to disarm Iraq, to free its people and to defend the world from grave danger." and from a
state department's reason to go to war against Iraq "Defeated a regime that developed and used
weapons of mass destruction, that harbored and supported terrorists, committed outrageous human
rights abuses, and defied the just demands of the United Nations and the world." These reasons led
to thousands of dead on both sides, 612 Billion dollars, and another terror organization taken root.
Originally in the 1980s, the U.S supported Saddam Hussein's war against Iran and aided them with
weapons, and money. During this period was when Saddam's major human ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S lost nearly 4,500 soldiers, and had 45,000 injured. Refugees fleeing the worn torn country
rose to 2.5 million, and caused a refugee crisis for Syria whom took on the most refugees. After the
initial invasion, the country saw a rise in terrorist attacks, and the international community saw
terrorists attacks attributed to the invasion like the July 2005 terrorist bombings of London. The war
also cost more than 600 billion dollars, that's not including interest on debts, and veteran benefits.
The cost will also rise due to the fighting that is currently happening with the terrorist group ISIS.
ISIS was formed from different groups of terrorists like Al–Qaeda. The withdraw of U.S forces (in a
still unstable region) left a Vacuum that was filled by ISIS. The group has caused problems for
Syria, Iraq, France, Tunisia, and many more countries. ISIS's strongholds, Iraq and Syria, are seeing
a genocide of Shiites in the region, and countless executions of civilians, and prisoners of war. ISIS
also had a hand in destabilizing Syria further after the breakout of Civil War in the country. The fight
against ISIS is currently making ground, but it will be years before their ideology is rooted

Characteristics And Reasons Of The Long Iraq Iran War
3.4 Summary of Characteristics and Reasons of unemployment
The long Iraq–Iran war has led to the worsening of the living conditions of the people in border
areas and in the middle and south of Iraq. It has led to forced migration from the southern provinces,
especially Basra and Maysan, to cities distant from war hit areas creating demographic problems in
these areas and impoverishing the immigrating families.
When the economic siege was imposed on Iraq after its occupation of Kuwait in August 1990, the
efficiency of state institutions were shaken and their performance very much deteriorated and
weakened. State spending for social services decreased, poverty increased and the social conditions
deteriorated. Feelings of insecurity and instability became dominant on the individual as well as the
public levels. While the regime concentrated its efforts on protecting itself, citizens were
transformed into refugees seeking food and medicine while deprived of their civic rights.
Years of siege have caused a decline of the per–capita–GDP to 1/10 of the level the country enjoyed
in the early 1980s. While Iraq has scored highest among developing countries in terms of the share
of per capita income in the GDP, the real monthly per capita income in 1993 became less than the
income of unskilled agricultural laborers in India, considered to be one of the poorest countries of
the world according to economic reports. Living standards of individuals and families were affected
in and

Persepolis Analysis Essay
In Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi uses simple images and words together to convey complex insight on
characters. In the story, Marji, a young girl and her family are in the Iranian war and witness or hear
of everything tragic and joyful that happens to their people. Due to the child perspective of the war,
Marji allows readers to have insight on a naive girl's outlook on a war. She shows the confusion of
being a child and in this situation by using her expressions, thoughts, and position in comparison to
other characters to convey how the war is affecting her than the more experienced people
surrounding her. Marji was depicted confused throughout the story with the intention to show the
innocence of children. This unique way of telling ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marji is curious on her country's history of rulers and what is going on during the war. Because she
is a child, the adults do not believe she can handle all of the information and she is then censored.
She tries to fit in and find out more on the topics that her parents keep talking about. On pages 28
and 29, Marji asks her grandmother about her grandfather after hearing that he was once in prison
from her mother. After some time, Marji gets clearly frustrated after her grandmother avoids the
question and tells her something entirely different. Her thoughts are, "She won't tell me about
grandpa." with a childish scowl. This thought bubble and expression along with the positioning of
her grandmother next to her and yet looking down on her all add to the same purpose of having
Marji a clueless child on the topic. In the next page, her mother and grandmother speak to each other
in muffled voices, while Marji is out of the conversation and looks up to them asking, "Who?". The
next panel just shows the adult's lower half and Marji squeezing between them trying to understand
what is going on. Marji is places outside of the conversation on the first panel to show her exclusion
and the clear age gap. The second panel though just showing the adults' lower half emphasizes the
meaning behind them by simplifying their adult features. It suggests to the reader that they are other
and are then sort of

The Iran Iraq War Necessary
It was in 1980, a massive attack was headed Iran's way, from its neighboring Middle Eastern country
Iraq. This war between the two bordering countries was nothing less than a deadly fight that did not
benefit either side more than the other. Costing hundreds of thousands of lives and damages that to
this day never be fixed. The question asked by many people still remains the same; was the Iran–
Iraq war necessary? The war was arguably the longest and most conventional war in the twentieth
century.
Before shots were ever fired the two countries had their dislikes in the past. For starters, Iran as well
as Iraq both wanted to claim the Shatt Al–Arab River which was jointly located in between the pair.
The Ottoman Empire claimed both sides although the Persian side was not ruled by the Ottomans.
Based on the strength of this, Iraq claimed the east bank (Iranian side) of the river, a critical piece of
property, since the Shatt al–Arab is its only outlet to the Persian Gulf. Iraq agreed to the share Shatt
al–Arab with Iran in a treaty in 1975, which Saddam Hussein claimed was not true in 1980, just
before the war commenced. Iraq also claimed many of the disputed islands in the Persian Gulf.
Saddam Hussein was to be unwilling to change his mind, lacked military training, was a careless
planner, overestimated his troops, and executed generals who retreated.
Iran's government change is noted to be one of the most striking changes in history. Before leader
Ayaollah Ruhollah Khomeini,

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) Essay
Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)
Hypothesis
Probably the most logical explanation is that there has been a conflict that is decades old, that comes
from, religious differences to territorial and power ambitions. This war is a war that is not going to
stop until both countries solve their internal affairs, because the historical background that this two
countries have is not an easy one. I think that the only way to fully achieve peace between these two
countries is, for them to come to an agreement regarding the territories, and another one to respect
each other's religions.
Cause–Effect
Both countries wanted to have a certain peace of land that had an important role on the trading and
pass for both countries, and also the fact that they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Khomeini was said by some to have a "martyr complex," though, as U.S. Secretary of
State Cyrus Vance wryly observed, people with martyr complexes rarely live to be as old as
Khomeini. Whatever his complexes, Khomeini had no qualms about sending his followers,
including young boys, off to their deaths for his greater glory. This callous disregard for human life
was no less characteristic of Saddam Hussein. And, for that matter, it was also no less characteristic
of much of the world community, which not only couldn't be bothered by a few hundred thousand
Third World corpses, but also tried to profit from the conflict.
Questions and answers
1) Do you think that this war has a productive outcome? Why?
– Yes, because it settled a problem that existed a long time ago.
2) Do you think that after this war there could be any resentment from any of the parties? Why?
– I don't know, there might be because one of the countries lost, and obviously no body likes to be
defeated
3) What do you think about this conflict?

– I do not support wars, and it is even worst if you are fighting over some territory, why can't you
settle

Prisoners Of War: What Is The Prisoner Of War?
When at war their will be casualties, their are gonna be deaths and people from both sides will be
taken prisoner and shoved into prison camps. The term Prisoner Of War refers to someone who has
been captured by their force they are opposing. Prisoners of war have been a concept since medieval
times where one nation would take another nation's soldiers as captives but due to the harsh fighting
normally there wouldn't be many survivors after the initial conflict to be taken prisoner but if you
were lucky enough to survive and be taken prisoner the Nations would usually ask for a ransom
from the families of the people who were taken prisoner during a battle for their release, if your
family couldn't afford the ransom you might be given a chance

Marjane Satrapi Research Papers
The alternative book cover features Marjane Satrapi at four different stages of her life. The pictures
represent a transition and provide an overview of Satrapi's life from her childhood to her return in
Iran. It depicts Satrapi's personal life as well as the social and political progress towards liberalism
in Iran in the span of her departure and her return, which is few if any at all. The first picture is
Satrapi during her childhood in Iran, just after the Iranian Revolution, which deposed the Shah and
allow Ayatollah Khomeini to rise to power. Ayatollah Khomeini began by reforming many aspects
of life in Iran, shutting down schools in order to reform education policies, and requiring all women
to wear hijabs and wear long robes that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She also explored radical ideas, such as Mikhail Bakunin's philosophy. This contrasted with her old
self, where she was refrained from exploring other ideas such as punk music and Marxism and must
do so in secret. She was considered independent at that point since her parents are in Iran and no
other close relatives takes care of her. She had to live in churches and with her friends in order to
survive. The third picture is Satrapi at around sixteen. At that point, she has changed drastically in
physical appearance. She also tried a new, more punk, look. She began hanging out at parties and in
the woods with her friends. Her habit of substance abuse, such as smoking marijuana, also
developed during her time with her friends. However, her relationship with her friends also began to
fall apart at that point, and she was kicked out of her boarding house. She found lodging at Hanse
Niese Weg 1, owned by Doctor Heller. She was also in a relationship at several point in time,
although they did not end well. Her first boyfriend is Enrique, who confessed to her that he's a
homosexual. Her second boyfriend is Marcus, who cheated on

Expense of the Iran-Iraq War
Costing up to $1,000,000,000 monthly and possible over $300,000,000,000 in material terms
(Swearingen, 1988) over the course of the conflict, the Iran–Iraq War was at face value, an attempt
by Iraq to compel Iran to recognize Iraq's territorial rights and to renegotiate the 1975 treaty.
Initially, Iraq seemed to have either no clearly formulated strategic goals or had fallen short of them
– the first reaction one would have when hearing that Iraq called for a cease–fire 6 days in and
issued a set of demands which included a renegotiation of the treaty, return of the islands to the
UAE and the non–participation and non–interaction of Iran within the Gulf community.
Most see Iraq coming out of the war as more powerful in absolute power terms but not in relation to
the rising power of its neighbours (Parasiliti, 2003, p. 160). According to Parasilati (2003) Iraq's
reliance on its economic "strategic rents" – the billions of loans and grants given by the West and
other Arab Gulf states – undercut its power relative to its neighbours. Even though it may seem like
Iraq hadn't lost territorially, its bid for power failed and dropped it deeper into debt. In addition, the
only positive aspect of the war was the slight increase in the national pride amongst Iraqis but none
of the important geopolitical issues were addressed.
There was no change in the 1975 agreement over the Shatt al–Arab waterway (Bahadori, 2005, p. 3)
nor was Iraq the pre–dominant power in the Gulf.

The Iraq Iran War And State Security
The Iraq–Iran War and State Security With Iraq initiating the conflict, with its declaration of war on
September 22, 1980 and the subsequent invasion of the Khuzestan province, they will be treated as
the aggressor. Therefore the theoretical framework will revolve predominantly around Iraq. With
this Posen's components of the security dilemma will be used as the building blocks for state
security's explanation of the conflict, beginning with the indistinguishability of offense and defense.
As previously stated, determining the motives or intentions of states are difficult and near
impossible to do with any certainty. Iraq would make their intentions known with the psychological
and material actions of the Ba'athist party and Saddam Hussein. It is important to once again look
briefly look at previous actions to attempt a dissection. From 1974–1978 the Kurds in Northern Iraq
were revolting against Ba'athist rule, as they were being terrorized and displaced during the military
crackdown. Despite Iran's inability to determine the motivation behind Iraq's actions, and the
potential effect on their state, they decide to take action. The attacks on the Kurds were viewed as an
attempt at a power build–up, through their attempt to push Kurds out of Iraq into lower Iran. Iran
viewed this as an attempt to strain their government and resources with the forced exile of an
unwanted faction of their country. In an attempt to protect their interests and procure a secure state,
Iran sends

Domestic Injustice
Once a month, for as long as I can remember, my mother settles down at the table and pays her bills
on time, sometimes in full. Yet, she has still managed to have her house foreclose while accruing
thousands of dollars in debt. This is not because she spent or borrowed frivolously, but because her
credit identity was stolen– by her own husband. A violent alcoholic, the danger he created drove us
to flee our home. We trusted that the judicial system would correct the situation, but instead, while
issuing restraining orders, a judge accidentally listed my mother's house as my father's dwelling,
thus preventing us from entering our own home. Despite being issued a writ of eviction, my father
took advantage of the error by using the house as a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By speaking with individuals from regions where they are spoken, I saw how my parents' stories are
just drops in the metaphorical "global bucket of injustices". I was especially touched by stories of
citizens suffering wrongful deaths because their countries lacked the same preventative laws found
here in the United States. For example, in Iran, there are no laws mandating that the dangerous
heating units that schools use be placed outside. Often, they catch fire and the flames trap children
inside classrooms with tragic results. I am realistic: I cannot single–handedly prevent armed
conflicts, but I can help draft the simple laws to offset some danger for civilians. However, although
I would be preventing accidental injuries, fighting the intentional harm of a population is my other
concern. My father was not the first boy forced to become a soldier, nor was he the first to seek
asylum in a foreign country after fleeing his. Because of that, a second career goal of mine is to
advocate for those who have been affected by armed conflict that was out of their control. I
currently advocate with the Arabic Students' Association, but during law school, I hope to publish
research that helps influence how refugees are

Persepolis Identity
Christopher Theis
Dr. Garvin
English 102
11 May 2017
The Identity of Marjane Satrapi Stories and history become one of the most important aspects of
one's life. Through generations of people in the past and present, stories are passed down and are
held to an extent to learn from the past. This way society is able to learn how to prevent what has
happened in the past for the future. In the story Persepolis, Marjane learns stories about her family,
friends, and government that help her find her identity. These stories not only help her find her
identity but also give a realization on the importance of her life. By writing in the past and the
present, we are able to see how the Islamic Revolution and corruption of Iran has affected her, her
country, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She knows now that she will never be a prophet and she questions herself as to why this happens to
her. The way she perceives this is hard for her because she wants to know the truth about everything.
This story helps her in the future for when she experiences deaths of friends and family and how to
handle it. Not only friends and family, but the potentially downfall of her country and the backlash
of the regime. This simple story not only sparks the way that she thinks about the government and
how they treat people but the way it affects her parents at home as well. For example, when she
comes home she notices that her parents to not want to play monopoly before she is told the story of
her great grandfather. The government shapes the way she is raised and changes her mentality as she
grows and denies propaganda that the government puts out. History always tells us that we learn
from the past. This book for instance disregards what history tells us. The past is absolutely able to
repeat again. For example, the Iraq and Iran war as well as regimes and terrorist groups taking over
countries. This for instance shows that the past and present sometimes are the same and never
change. When war occurs in the present time, Marjane's memory of the past begins to play a role in
the way she used to

The Outbreak of the Iran-Iraq War, An Outline
In the fall of 1980, one of the largest and most destructive conflicts to occur since the end of the
second world war started between the states of Iran and Iraq. Lasting eight years, the war left
approximately 1.5 million dead and around a million casualties with thousands of refugees fleeing
both nations.
Cost up to $1,000,000,000 monthly
Total cost to date may exceed $300,000,000,000
(Swearingen, 1988)
Using three levels of analysis – the individual, domestic and systemic – the causes of the conflict
will be analysed and prove the aforementioned hypothesis.
VARIABLES:
Geopolitical:
1. Some contend the it was about 105 km. long Shatt al–Arab boundary (not definitive) others say it
was only a pre–text for escalating hostilities
2. Structural changes in the Middle East Establish a Pax Arabia with Iraq as the dominant regional
power in the Middle East
ORIGINS/CAUSES:
Some contend the it was about 105 km. long Shatt al–Arab boundary. 5 pieces of info support this:
1. Iraq and Iran's predecessors have been fighting for centuries over the Shatt al–Arab waterway
2. The most recent boundary treaty signed in 1975 was a source of deep humiliation for Iraq ––>
forced to accept the treaty because the Iranians supported Kurdish revolts that threatened to tear
apart Iraq and possibly deprive it of it's greatest oil producing region. In exchange for Iranian
support in ending the revolt, Iraq gave up a large part of the vital waterway.

Persepolis Perspective
In the book Persepolis, by Marjane Strapi, the main character, Marji, lives in Iran during the late
1970s and 1980, in the time of The Islamic Revolution and The Iran–Iraq War. During this time,
Marji was an adolescent living with the violence of demonstrations and bombings, and also living
with restrictions, like no partying and no clothes that would oppose the standard. The Shah was the
leader of Iran before the Revolution, with him gone, the citizens lived in fear of the new
government. And to make things worse, Iraq started war with Iran, causing students to go out into
the front lines.One of the themes of this book is perspective, how people see the same thing in
different ways. The book Persepolis shows the theme perspective throughout the book. "The
Revolution is like a bicycle. When the wheels don't turn, it falls" (Strapi 10). In this quote, Marji is
talking to her friends about the revolution and how everyone needs to help if they want to move
forward. This quote shows perspective because Marji believes ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"It's a plastic key painted gold. They gave this to my son at school. They told the boys that if they
went to war and were lucky enough to die, this key would get them, into heaven" (Strapi 99). In this
quote, Marji's house maid said that her son is going to war, at only 13, and the teachers gave them a
fake key, saying that 'this is for if you die'. "I turned around to see them one last time. It would have
been better to just go" (Strapi 153). When Marji's street was bombed, her parents told her to fly to
Austria, they knew friends there and it would be safer there than in Iran. While she was going
through security, she wanted to say goodbye one last time to her parents. When she turned around,
her mother has fainted and was in her father's arms. She was sad that she had to leave the country
and when her mother was in her father's arms, but her parents were happy that she could live a more
peaceful

The Five Phases Of The Iran-Iraq War
Iraq began the crisis with one of the world's larger armies, equipped with great numbers of tanks,
armored personnel carriers and artillery, some of which were state–of–the–art models. It had a
sizable air force with many top–line fighters and fighter–bombers (F–1s, MiG–29s and Su–24s) and
a modern air defense command and control (C2) system. During the last six months of the Iran–Iraq
war, the Iraqi army had demonstrated a capability to conduct multi–axis, multi–corps, combined–
arms operations deep into hostile territory. The staff could conduct long–range planning;
coordination of air and artillery preparations; timing of movements and operations; coordination of
complicated logistics requirements; and movement of supplies, equipment, and troops to the right
place at the designated time. They had developed excellent operational security and deception. Iraqi
ground forces had more than 5,000 main battle tanks, 5,000 armored infantry vehicles, and 3,000
artillery pieces ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Iraqi delivery means, in addition to missile warheads, included aerial bombs, artillery shells, rockets,
and aircraft–mounted spray tanks. During the war with Iran, Saddam exhibited the willingness to
use CW against not only the Iranians, but also his own Kurdish population. Four years earlier, Iraq
had become the first nation in history to use nerve agents on the battlefield. While the agent was not
used effectively in 1984, by the beginning of 1988, the Iraqis had developed an effective offensive
doctrine for the use of nerve agents, which fully integrated CW into fire support plans. Both nerve
and blister agents were used successfully in the final offensives that defeated the Iranians in 1988.
These weapons were targeted specifically against command and control facilities, artillery positions
and logistics

The Causes And Effects Of The Iran-Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq War, taking place from 1980–1988, started when Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein, tried
to invade Iran, sparking an armed war between the two countries. This war had many effects on the
oil industry, led to many weapon innovations in Iraq, showed the world who Saddam Hussein was,
and how the treaty with the United Nations affected the world. The Iran–Iraq war was an extremely
bloody war that started in 1980 when Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein wanted to invade Iran and take
back the land that was promised to them in the Algiers Treaty that was signed March 6, 1975.
Hussein initially intended for this war to only last a couple of months and would lead Iran to get rid
of their current religious leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, but it did the complete opposite. The war
ended up lasting eight years, and caused one million casualties, 1.7 million ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"Hussein, Saddam." Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide. Facts On File, 2006. Accessed
February 27, 2018. online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=16250&itemid=WE53&articleId=271419.
Karsh, Efraim. The Iran–Iraq war. New York: Rosen Pub., 2009
Rajaie–Khorassani, Said. "Letter of the Iranian Permanent Representative to the UN Secretary–
General." Modern World History. Accessed January 29, 2018.
http://online.infobase.com/HRC/Search/PrimarySourceDetails?primarySourceId=7703&q=Iran–Iraq
War.
United Nations Security Council. "UN Security Council Resolution 598." Modern World History.
Accessed January 29, 2018. http://online.infobase.com/HRC/Search/PrimarySourceDetails?
primarySourceId=6917&q=Iran–Iraq War.
Kurzman, Charles. "Death Tolls in the Iran–Iraq War." Death
Tolls of the Iran–Iraq War – Charles Kurzman. October
31, 2013. Accessed January 29, 2018. http:// kurzman.unc.edu/death–tolls–of–the–iran–iraq–war/.
Øygarden, Randi H. "Chemical Weapons and the Iran–Iraq War."
Universitas Bergensis. August 2014. http://bora.uib.no/

Chemical Weapons In The Iran-Iraq War
Chemical weapons have been used in warfare for years and years. From both world wars to more
recent wars, chemical weapons have been developed and used. For the purpose of this writing, we
will specifically be looking at the chemical weapons used in World War I and the Massacre at
Halabja during the Iran/Iraq War of 1988. We will take a look at the weapons used in these wars, the
number of casualties from these weapons and lessons learned. We will also discuss the potential use
of these agents by terrorists and how emergency management officials can help a county or state
prepare for this type of attack. First, let's take a look at the Massacre at Halabja during the Iran/Iraq
war in 1988. The Iran/Iraq war was a war that was started in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This was a global war that started in Europe. It was fought from July 28, 1914 until November 11,
1918. Between the Axis and the Allies, there were approximately 50 chemical weapons that were
used, or tried, during World War I. These chemicals were reported to be the cause of less than one
percent of the fatalities in the war and around seven percent of the casualties that occurred. "The
strategic power of chemical weapons in WWI was in the psychological terror they caused rather
than the number of soldiers they killed." (c&en 100 Years of Chemical Weapons). Some of the well–
known chemical weapons that were used during World War I were tear gases, chlorine, phosgene
and mustard. Tear gas agents are known to cause crying, coughing and respiratory difficulties to
those affected. In WWI, tear gas was first used in 1914 by France against the Germans. There were
no documented fatalities with this chemical weapon. Chlorine was first used as a chemical weapon
in WWI in 1915. It was used by the Germans against the British in Yrpes. In its first use, chlorine
caused more than 1,100 fatalities. Later on in the war, the effects of chlorine were diminished due to
the use of gas masks. Another chemical agent that was used in WWI was phosgene gas. The proteins
in the lungs react with phosgene and cause those affected to suffocate. Just as with the chlorine gas,
phosgene was first used in 1915 against the British at Yrpes. Phosgene is estimated to have caused
approximately 85 percent of the fatalities from chemicals in WWI. Mustard gas was another
chemical used in WWI. Mustard gas is a blister agent that can also damage the eyes and the
respiratory system. The German forces were the first to use the mustard gas. They first used it
against the British in July of 1917 at Yrpes. Only 2%–3% of those affected died. It was better at
debilitating people than it was at killing them. Many chemicals were used in WWI. Some of those
caused some serious

The Iraq And Iran War
The Iraq and Iran war in 1980 through 1988 started on September 22, 1980, which resulted in an 8
year war, 500,000 casualties, $600 billion debt accumulated, and many more factors. The Iraq and
Iran war strained Iraq's political, and social life. Also put Iraq's economy into severe conditions. The
1980, 8 year war between Iraq and Iran was fueled by many factors including border disputes
(geographical and economical), and Iraq's new dictator Saddam Hussein (political). Saddam Hussein
feared that the new Iranian leadership would threaten Iraq's Sunni Shia, and the minimal access to
the Persian Gulf. The war was multifaceted and had many religious schisms, political differences,
border disputes, ethnic disputes and a very personal fight between Saddam Hussein and Ayatollah
Khomeini. Iraq launched the war in effort to strengthen the rising power in Iraq, and to replace Iran
as the dominant Persian Gulf State. The most important factor to this war was the fight over the
Shatt al–Arab waterway. The fight over the waterway goes all the way back into the 7th century.
Having said that, Iraq's leader, Saddam Hussein had large aspirations which included expanding his
country, and become the leading nation in the Middle East. Becoming the leading nation in the
Middle East required accomplishing the attack on Iran, gaining more oil fields, the Shatt Al Arab (a
waterway) and getting more power and land. Furthermore, in the months that lead up to the start of
the war, Iraq was getting

The Iraq War: The War Between Iran And Iraq
This was a war between Iran and Iraq occurring on September 22,1980. This war ended up taking a
lot of lives as it's very tragic. It started off when Iraq attacked Iran along the country's border. Iraq
mainly attacked to get there oil producing because of the value they could get. When they attacked it
was basically a win for them as they then advanced. When they advanced they went into khuzestan
but they came in very cautiously and carefully. After all of the attacking they captured one of their
city's. The city they captured was Khorramshahr but they didn't get the oil producing they wanted.
Things start getting pretty hectic as they then got pushed back like 75 miles. When pushed back Iran
saw the opportunity to make them go farther back.

Iran Before and After the Revolution Essay
Iran before and after Revolution:
Textual – Visual Metaphors of Graffiti during Revolution
Introduction
During the prehistoric period , human was creating markings on the surfaces of the caves and , since
the down of civilization , on the walls of ancient structures Although in certain cases motivations to
produce such marks are covered by mystery , wall paintings , and engravings definitely serve as
factual evidence of human's presence along various locations . The appearance and production of
techniques of graffiti have been varying throughout decades , but cave paintings of prehistoric
period , ancient engravings , or contemporary graffiti of today have at least one thing in common ,
and that is : they're all human ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore , in the process of research , which concerns graffiti related issues , it is a matter of
importance to take insight in to the past to be able to comprehend the present . For instance ,there is
a research by L.Iyer , which demonstrates significance of setting parallel between prehistoric cave
paintings and contemporary graffiti , particularly a case of wall writings in paris , inflamed by
events of May ,1968 . Moreover , as human's creation , graffiti at any stage of history presents a
fertile ground to interpretation of underlying meanings , conceptions , and messages whether
obvious or hidden . Regarding to prehistoric graffiti , there are plenty of studies by such researchers
as Breuil , Coppens , Clottes and Lewis – Williams , Mullen , and many others .
Apparently ,moving from prehistoric time since now , graffiti has undergone a complex process of
development under impact of various factors ,like growth of civilization , advancing technologies ,
public shifts, and socio – political events. In fact contemporary graffiti presents a great range of
types and styles , each differ in technical aspects of production from one side , and conceptual
approaches from the other . Contemporary graffiti may provide a great deal of data on social climate
of any specific locale
Indeed , contemporary graffiti, its types and

Persepolis
How Satrapi Copes with the Islamic Revolution
The novel, Persepolis, tells the tale of young Marjane Satrapi, who is a young girl growing up in
Iran during the Islamic Revolution. In my essay I will examine how the author, Marjane Satrapi,
tells her own story of growing up during the Islamic revolution through pictures.Satrapi uses
pictures to depict her life as she matures first through her childhood, then through her teenager years
into becoming an adult, and finally shows how she lives out her adult life and when she tries to
eventually come home. She does this in a comic book format, which there are believed to be a few
reasons why she had done this. Some believe she has done this in order to provide a somewhat
"comic relief" to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An important thing to notice is her vision of Karl Marx looks very similar to her vision of what she
portrays God to look like. I think this is because she is learning how different governments work
from reading and she favors Marx's ideas of socialism so he is seen as another comforting character
with a large beard, just like God, through Marji's eyes.
Growing up through her childhood and into her teenager years Marjane is seen as a quite rebellious
character. Satrapi first learns of the wrath of the revolution through a journalist who was a friend of
Marji's parents. He had just came from prison as a "political prisoner" and told the parents of the
terrible torturing the prisoners went through. The one scene is a picture of their one friend Ahmadi
getting whipped until he had scars all over his back, burned with an iron, and eventually cut up into
pieces all because he wouldn't tell as to where the other protestors were. It even cuts to Marji
thinking to herself thinking like, wow I didn't even know that you could use that appliance (the iron)
iron for torture. This shows that she is still naïve but slowly learning what is going on around her.
She learns that her Uncle Anoosh was a real hero to her because he had gotten caught and went to
prison which makes him more of a hero to her than her father so she immediately falls in love with
this man. She had never met her uncle because he had been in prison almost her whole life and when
she does she immediately

Iran-Iraq War Essay
Iran–Iraq War
The eight year Iran–Iraq War was, by the standards of international conflicts, a very long one. It
lasted longer than both World War I and World War II. In this conflict, the two most powerful states
in the Persian Gulf, Iran and Iraq, who were the world's largest producers of petroleum, were locked
in mortal combat and appeared intent on destroying each other. The war began when Iraq invaded
Iran, simultaneously launching an invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on September 1980
and ended with a United Nations brokered ceasefire in 1988. The causes of the war are deeply
rooted in the ideology and ambitions of the leaders of the countries to gain and maintain control
over internal and regional politics, as well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, what had formerly been the Imperial Iranian military was greatly despoiled, with much of
the officer corps fleeing the Islamic Revolution. Also radical Marxists were still battling the
religious fundamentalists in part of the country. Because of all of the above factors, Iraq had a
uniquely promising chance to strike a devastating blow at its eastern neighbor, establishing Saddam
as the pre–eminent leader in the Persian Gulf region and perhaps so discrediting the new Iranian
government as to bring about its ultimate downfall. Saddam also wanted to put an end to religious
propaganda directed against Iraq's secular regime by the Islamic government of Iran, which had
come to power in 1979 under Khomeini. Khomeini, and during the Iranian Revolution, and most
Iranian Muslims belonged to the Shiite sect of Islam. Hussein feared that the propaganda would
undermine the loyalty of Iraqi Shiites, who comprised about 60 percent of his country's population.
On March 1980, Saddam received a pretext to engage in war when an assassination attempt was
made on Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz, by Iranian–backed rebel group Al Dawaa, followed by
the bombing on the funeral procession. Saddam blamed the Iranians and attacked in September.
Before declaring war Saddam, in a statement addressed to the Iraqi parliament, on 17 September,
stated that "The

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