Heart And Peripheral Vascular System

Heart And Peripheral Vascular System
Heart and Peripheral Vascular System Chest pain is a symptom that can represent several different
diseases from different organ systems. It is essential to determine which system is responsible for
the pain and state the severity of the patient's condition (Longo et al., 2011). When considering pain,
there are eleven different criteria one must consider and evaluate. These include the duration of the
pain, onset, localization, irradiation, character, intensity, alleviating factors, aggravating factors,
triggering factors, regularity and accompanying signs (Longo et al., 2011). These are all useful in
determining the etiology of the pain and taking the appropriate therapeutic steps. The causes of chest
pain are divided into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The disease is usually associated with a viral infection before the pain occurs. The pain is sharp and
positional with a pleuritic nature (Longo et al., 2011). The pain is relieved by leaning forward and
worse when the patient is lying down. In addition, the pain is associated with a pericardial rub.
Another pain that is specific is that of aortic dissection. The condition is life threatening and could
be worsened by thrombolytics or anti aggregates, hence it is necessary to detect. The pain is sharp,
tearing, and severe and radiates to the back. The pain is pleuritic in nature and associated with a loss
of pulses (Longo et al., 2011). Non–cardiovascular causes of chest pain include musculoskeletal
conditions such as costochondritis. The pain is usually localized and the patient is able to pin point
the exact location of the pain. The pain is increased by inspiration and can be reproduced through
palpitation of the chest wall. Gastrointestinal causes of chest pain include GERD, which is due to an
incompetent lower esophageal sphincter. The pain is relieved by antacids and is exacerbated by the
consumption of chocolates and fatty foods. There are also pulmonary causes of chest pain and these
include pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is a sharp, sudden chest pain that is usually
pleuritic. In addition, the pain is accompanied by dyspnea, tachypnea, and hemoptysis (Longo et al.,
2011). Hence, the above information illustrates the
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Physical Activity As A Student Nurse
Introduction
L.F., is a 74 year old female with limited mobility, and a history of falls (and at risk for falls), who
was diagnosed with age–related osteoporosis, a lumbar compression fracture, collapsed vertebra,
and she also suffers from morbid obesity. Resident was admitted to a long–term care facility in
2010, and remains there presently. In my clinical experience with the resident I noted a lack of
physical activity. Papa (2012) of the Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association stated,
"Physical activity plays a critical role in the rehabilitation of osteoporotic patients with vertebral
fractures (p. 36)." Due to her lumbar compression fracture, osteoporosis, and other conditions her
mobility is limited. The minimal amount of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other risk factors involve small stature, early menopause, underweight, low dietary calcium and
vitamin D, anorexia, malabsorption, history of smoking, extreme alcohol consumption, and
hyperparathyroidism (Crowther–Radulewics & McCance, 2012). Causes of osteoporosis vary,
however the developing process of the disease is the same, which occurs during the remodeling
cycle of the bone in which disruption of formation and resorption takes place (Crowther–
Radulewics & McCance, 2012). Jarvis (2016) discusses that the bones most often affected, are those
of the wrist, hip, and spine. Perhaps L.F.'s lumbar compression fracture, collapsed vertebra, and a
history of falling is related to her age–related osteoporosis. Jarvis (2016) additionally described the
principal issue of life with osteoporosis is the increased risk of fractures.
History
L.F. is a 74 year old female with major concerns of limited mobility, a high risk for falls, who was
diagnosed with age–related osteoporosis, a lumbar compression fracture, collapsed vertebra, and she
also suffers from morbid obesity. Resident was admitted to a long–term care facility in 2010, and
remains there presently. L.F. fell within the facility on November 2nd, 2015, after attempting to
ambulate off of the toilet alone. She was also admitted with an array of other health issues which
comprised of

The Importance Of Health Assessment
Health assessment is important for both the patient and the nurse as it helps draw the baseline of the
healthcare that the patient is to receive (Jeanfreau et al., 2010). The aim of this assessment piece is
gain an understanding on the purpose of health assessment in a healthcare setting and how,
depending on the age of a client, it will be conducted differently. In this essay, the following will be
included, definition of the term, health assessment, a brief description on the major components of a
health assessment; the purpose of a health assessment from a nursing perspective; and a discussion
on how a health assessment might be conducted differently for a child in a community setting (i.e.,
General practice or "well–baby" clinic) and an elderly person in an aged care facility. Health
assessment is a key component of nursing practice used to make judgement about the health status
and life processes of individuals, families and communities (The Royal Children's Hospital
Melbourne (TRCHM), 2014). The utilisation of health assessment is a very valuable and efficient
way of determining the differential diagnosis of both acute and chronic health alterations in patients
(Jeanfreau et al., 2010). Further stated in 'The Journal of Nursing Practitioners' (2010), health
assessment has a systematic method of collecting data through the use of: health and physical
assessment; risk assessments (behavioural and environmental); developmental, educational, and
functional assessment;

How The Gap Between Healthcare And Technology And Help The...
ABSTRACT
Healthcare sector is facing plethora of challenges ranging from poor infrastructure to population
explosions, large masses of population shifting from rural to urban area etc. Traditional facilities
makes user confined thus restricts user movement especially elderly people. Our goal is to increase
medical efficiency and reduce burden on healthcare infrastructure. We intend to create a prototype
of a self–sufficient health monitoring system which requires low investment for development and
provide quality healthcare at the same time. For proposed system, Arduino Mega 2560 processor is
used along with various sensors and data transmission system. Sensors used are accelerometer, body
temperature, heart rate and Electrocardiogram which gives basic patient monitoring data. Attached
LCD displays various health related parameters. Interactive mobile app is developed on android
platform which displays parameters. Received data can be transmitted remotely for further analysis
also help doctors monitor overall health of their patient remotely while transmission system ensures
safety during critical times. Through our project, we want to bridge the gap between healthcare and
technology and help the masses stay fit and healthy.
INTRODUCTION
Current methods of providing medical assistance are based on person physically present in the
hospital and constantly monitor physiological parameters. Lack of number of doctors is the major
problem in most of the hospitals especially in

The Patient Is A 38 Year Old Caucasian Female
The patient is a 38–year–old Caucasian female. Patient's date of birth is May 22,
1978. She is Catholic and attends church every Sunday. She currently works at Chino
Valley Medical Center as a medical assistant. The patient has asthma but indicates she
only uses her inhaler while exercising. There is no history of surgeries. She has a history
of hypothyroidism and high cholesterol levels. As a child, she had pneumonia and was
hospitalized for 2–3 days. Her last physical examination was March 2016. In November
2016, the patient states that she had inflammation in her left forearm, which was causing
extreme pain only at night, due to the pain affecting the patient's daily activities she was
prescribed methylpredisone 4mg for 6 days and ibuprofen 600 mg PRN for pain. Her last
menstrual period was December 2, 2016.
Patient is currently only taking levothyroxine 200 mcg and vitamins. Patient
states that she has seasonal allergies, but takes medication to prevent symptoms by taking
Benadryl 10mg per day as needed. Patient states she does not have any allergies to any
medications. Patient has no history of tobacco use or recreational drug use. She rarely
drinks alcohol, only at social events. Patient states she drinks wine twice a week. Patient
has caffeine in the form of coffee almost everyday. Immunization records of the patient
show that she is immune to Hepatitis B and C, tetanus, measles, mumps, and rubella
(MMR), chicken pox and the current

Dr. Steward's Priority Problems With Impaired Cardiac...
Focused Assessments and Priorities Mr. Steward's priority problems include impaired cardiac tissue
perfusion, impaired gas exchange, and pain. We are concerned about impaired cardiac tissue
perfusion because the pt. is exhibiting signs of myocardial ischemia including chest pain and
shortness of breath (Gillespie, 2012). Although we acknowledge that impaired cardiac tissue
perfusion can decrease the function of the heart and will have the potential to affect the perfusion
and delivery of oxygen to other end organs, our primary focus will be a focused cardiovascular
assessment (House–Kokan, 2012). At 1800, Mr. Steward was SOB, had shallow and rapid breathing
(RR = 44), and a SaO2 of 72% on RA. Due to the fluid buildup in his lungs, Mr. Steward has
impaired gas exchange, and requires supplemental oxygen to maintain his SaO2; this warrants a
focused respiratory assessment. Mr. Steward was pain free until this morning. He initially
complained of right–sided chest pain and then complained about pain in his hip and ankle. We
recognized this was a new onset of pain that persisted, despite giving him some pain medication.
When Mr. Steward was discovered in his room clutching his chest, we recognized this as a non–
verbal sign of pain and asked him whether he was having chest pain. Although Mr. Steward doesn 't
provide a definitive answer, he displayed non–verbal signs of pain, such as restlessness, frequent
shifting in bed, and act of clutching his chest. Recognizing Mr.

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Dengue Fever
 (HINT!) Is there anything that seems inconsistent in the above PE findings?
The vital signs show that the patient is presenting with a relatively low pulse and respiratory rate,
and blood pressure despite clearly being sick. This is an unusual, because normally when someone is
sick with a high fever, the pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure are typically elevated above
normal ranges. It is very common for diseases that cause a fever to also present with an increase in
blood pressure, and pulse rate. When there is a high fever, but a person's heart rate is below the
expected value it is known as relative bradycardia. This is clinically important because there are a
few diseases that often present with such a condition, one of them is typhoid fever.
 What is your differential diagnosis for this patient? Include at least 5 infectious diseases and the
rationale for each choice.
Dengue Fever is a common disease that can be contracted by people who are visiting South–East
Asia. The way a person contracts this disease is through mosquito bites. The patient has stated that
when she was traveling abroad that she was bitten by a multitude of mosquitos, one of which could
have infected her with the disease. On top of that common symptoms include, high fever, fatigue,
headache, muscle and joint pain. All of these symptoms have been experienced by our patient. It is
important to note that dengue fever does produce a rash, however, our patient's rash has gone aware.

Difference Between A Resting Heart Rate
This experiment was conducted to see, what is the difference between a resting heart rate in girls
and boys compared to their scared heart rate. What was done to test the variable (heart rate) was I
got each person in a room alone and they watched a video ("YouTube"). They were told that it's a
slide show of different videos, because most people said, "there 's going to be a pop up". In the
video that was shown to them is a picture of a cat and it is on the screen for about 30 seconds then a
scary woman screaming pops up. The results concluded that the majority of people's heart rates went
down. Going against the hypothesis stated.
Introduction
Nearly 100,000 beats per day, or about 37 million beats per year; most of the time you are unaware
that your heart does this ("WebMD"). The question is, what is the difference between your resting
heart rate, compared to your scared heart rate. For the age group tested (12–16 year olds) their
healthy heart rates could vary between 70 and 100 beats per minute. The importance of this project
is knowing if you are "pushing" yourself too hard, and to know if certain things trigger unhealthy
problems, like horror movies. The hypothesis stated is, if you scare a person from a resting heart rate
to a scared heart rate their heart rate will increase because adrenaline is released into the blood.
In addition, heart rates vary according to exercise, physical needs, age, gender, air temperature, etc.
In this experiment the dependent variable

Rp Case Study
R.P. is a 74–year–old married Caucasian female that is a homemaker that lives at home with her
husband. Reason for her care is due to a recent fractured left hip and left wrist. She stated that she
slipped on a rug in her home and landed on her left side. R.P. reports pain being 10/10 and sharp and
radiates all over body stating, "even the slightest touch of skin hurts so much". It all began a few
minutes after the fall. Pain is alleviated with narcotics (hydromorphone and morphine) and
immobilization.
According to R.P. she is allergic to sulfa (thrush), eggs, Allegra (cramps) and Penicillin (GI upset.
Her past medical history consists of hypothyroidism, chronic sinusitis, endometrial cancer and a
mitral valve prolapse. The conditions that required hospitalization was a surgical removal of the
ovaries and a hysterectomy in year of 2006. R.P. also had surgery on the right elbow and an
appendectomy, but was unable to recall the year. The medications that she is currently taking are
levothyroxine, Claritin, Singular, Prilosec and propranolol. R.P. is currently up–to–date with
immunizations of Td/Tdap in 2016 and vaccinations of pneumococcal 11/2016. Client refused
influenza vaccine.
To R.P., being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
is the middle child of two other sisters. Both have a history of hypertension, with the oldest having
severe allergies. Their father passed away from cirrhosis of the liver at the age of 72; while their
mother alive and has a history of colitis, migraines, and asthma. Currently, R.P. husband is 78 and is
healthy, with the same for their children age 38 and 41 years old. She is an active mother and wife.
While spending majority of her time traveling and attending golf tournaments with her spouse.
When she is not doing so, she is out spending time with her friends and family. R.P. involves her
husband in every aspect of her care and decision making. She does not partake in any drugs or
tobacco, with some occasional alcohol. She is very family

A Study Of A Patient Who Experienced Chest Pain Essay
Introduction 100 WORDS A systematized and precise assessment is a vital tool for a clinician to
identify not only patients who are in unpredictable life threatening situations but also to recognize
the initial signs of patient's deterioration. (Tough, 2004) In order to accomplish a systematic and
detailed assessment, a sound clinical judgment and a strong, clinical based decision making by the
clinician should be done. (Croskerry, 2009) This will aid in formulating a pertinent diagnosis, which
is the key in devising a safe and effective treatment plan for the patient. (Croskerry, 2009) This
essay is a case study of a patient who experienced chest pain. The goal of this paper is to draw up a
clinical diagnosis that would be based on a complete medical history, a systematic physical
assessment, and the utilization of three significant diagnostic tests to rule out other diagnoses. Word
Count 141 Presenting Complaint / General Appearance 500 WORDS Mr. Z is a 54–year–old Pacific
islander male. Mr. Z was brought to the emergency department in the emergency department via
ambulance. The initial treatment that was given was Aspirin 300mg P.O. Two puffs of GTN
(Glyceryl Trinatrate) and four mg of IV morphine. Mr. Z called the ambulance because of sudden
onset of pain when he was walking up the stairs, about 4 to 5 steps. Another episode of chest pain
was felt two days ago while he was gardening but was relieved with rest; the pain lasted for about
five min. The location of the

The Head to Toe Assessment
The Head to Toe Assessment
Principles of Assessment for RN's
Edward is a 45 year old male who is present today for his Annual Physical Examination. He is
asymptomatic and has no complaints.
Subjective:
History: The patient has a history of Chicken Pox at 5 years old. He has been a smoker for 25 years
and currently smokes 2 packs a day. He consumes alcohol daily 2–4 glasses of wine. He reports of
history of depression and anxiety 3 years ago after separating from his wife. His is not currently on
any medications. He also has a history of a positive TB skin test with no active disease. The patient
spent 15 years in the military traveling overseas. He had right rotator cuff surgery 10 years ago.
Objective: Head to toe Assessment: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If I had an ophthalmoscope I would use it to inspect the Ocular fundus: red reflex, disc, vessels and
retinal background which could give a preview to diseases such as Glaucoma. There is some
yellowing of the sclera
The extra ocular muscles which are stimulated by cranial nerves III,IV and VI and allow for
voluntary movement of the eye was tested by holding a pencil up and having Edward follow the
movement of the pencil with his eyes. Cranial or eye muscle damage was not evident since he was
able to move the eye downward and inward straight and rotary movement (Jarvis, 2012). The
external eye structures are intact with no lesions; there is no drainage from the lacrimal gland.
Ears
There is no mass, lesions scaling, discharge or tenderness on palpation of the Pinna. The tympanic
membrane would be inspected with an otoscope, if I had one. I would expect the normal membrane
to be gray, with no discharge. Whispers were heard bilaterally with no difficulty.
Nose
No external lesions noted, although he does have some facial acne. Cranial nerve VII seems to be
intact since the cheeks, lips and eyebrows are symmetric bilaterally. Nares are patent as evidenced
by good air passage on both sides when the other side is closed. The internal mucosa is pink with no
lesions or tenderness. There is no tenderness in the maxillary sinuses.
Mouth and Throat
The mucosa and gingivae are pink, no lesions or bleeding.

Intensity Of Exercise Research
Question/Aim:
How does the intensity (amount) of exercise performed (walking/running) affect the heart rate,
oxygen saturation in blood and the frequency of breathing?
How does the amount of time exercised affect the heart rate, oxygen saturation and the frequency of
breathing?
How does this affect the human body? The cardiovascular system? The respiratory system?
Does this have a significant influence on the blood pressure?
Hypothesis:
If the intensity of exercise and the time of exercising increases (not simultaneously), then the heart
rate will escalate to a higher pace, the oxygen saturation in the blood will increase, and the
frequency of breathing will multiply rapidly. First off, I will be making a prediction and explanation
about the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will only be testing 2 different paces, a walking pace (4km/h) and a running pace (7km/h). This
will be collected and manipulated by the different paces that will be tested, as I will have stated in
the procedure below. Every 5 minutes, I will stop to test each aspect in order to ensure that the data
collected is reliable and accurate.
Independent Variable 2 (Experiment 2): Time of Exercise (Measured by Minutes) – This information
will be collected and manipulated by setting an accurate timer as to each one of the sections of
exercise. There will be 3 sections in total, 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes. Each continue after
one another. After each 5 minutes, I will be testing each one of the factors in order to come to a
better conclusion, seeing as there will be more information regarding this

L. F.: Trauma Case Study
Introduction
L.F., is a 74 year old female with limited mobility, and a history of falls (and at risk for falls), who
was diagnosed with age–related osteoporosis, a lumbar compression fracture, collapsed vertebra,
and she also suffers from morbid obesity. Resident was admitted to a long–term care facility in
2010, and remains there presently. In my clinical experience with the resident I noted a lack of
physical activity. John (2012) of the Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association stated,
"Physical activity plays a critical role in the rehabilitation of osteoporotic patients with vertebral
fractures." Due to her lumbar compression fracture, osteoporosis, and other conditions her mobility
is limited. The minimal amount of activity she ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Graham noted that bone density can be improved in the spine by as much as 6% with weight–
bearing exercises completed one to two times per week (2011). Through exercising in this approach
not only would L.F. increase her mobility, she would also improve her osteoporosis. Graham further
stated through this exercise approach the risk of falls would be significantly reduced (2011). Other
methods of reducing falls that would apply to L.F. include having a well–lit environment, removing
obstacles in walk ways, and utilizing assistive devices, such as a raised toilet seat in the bathroom
(Graham, 2011). Additional methods are providing L.F. with supportive non–slip shoes and socks
with grips, placing materials she uses daily in an easy to reach place, keeping her bed in the lowest
position, utilizing side rails, ensuring that L.F. is using her safety devices when needed, assisting
with transfers and toileting, and identifying factors or conditions that could result in a fall. For both
improving mobility and reducing the risk of falls, I will educate L.F. of all of these factors, set goals
with her, and make sure she understands and verbalizes our plan to improve her quality of

Stochastic Modelling Of Essential Parameters For Wireless...
STOCHASTIC MODELLING OF VITAL PARAMETERS FOR WIRELESS BODY AREA
NETWORK (WBAN)
ManickavasagamBalasubramanian 1, AmuthaBalakrishnanB 2,
AlankritPatnaik3, KarthickNanmaran4
1 M.Tech Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Chennai,
Tamil Nadu, India –603203 manipooja1990@gmail.com 2 Professor, Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India – 603203
amutha.b@ktr.srmunicv.ac.in 3 M.Tech Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
SRM University,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India –603203 alankritenator@gmail.com 3 Research Associate, Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India –603203 ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The identified values are converted into the relevant binary format, and this binary format of human
values sent to the hospital server for doctoral assessment through General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS), by using of Microcontroler Unit or Master Node. Results: In the identification process, If
the master node identifies any one above mentioned human parameter values have been exceeded
the threshold value, then it sends the alert message to the human care person through Short Message
Service (SMS), all communication encrypted with Festiel Cipher Structure.
Background
In the contemporary gadgeted era, human patients are continuously monitored during their stay in
the hospital. It gives rise to inconvenience and psychological strain to the patients during their stay
in hospitals. Factors like trauma, pain, treatment cost, time spent and human energy also add up to
the stress and health detoriation, which leads to early discharge from hospital care. This heath issue
can be carried over at home as well with minimal or no monitoring. To avoid this kind of issues,
improving the monitoring facilities and identifying the health condition before the emergency in
remote areas or at patient's home can be done by using Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSN).
A. Wireless Body Sensor Network
The Wireless body Sensor Network (WBSN), or Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) or a Body
Sensor Network (BSN) is a wearable computing wireless network device In specific, the network
made up

The Cardiac Cycle Is Associated With The Blood Flow...
Introduction: The cardiac cycle is associated with the blood flow through the heart (Saladin, 2015).
The heart rate is a term describing the regularity of the cardiac cycle (Marieb,2007). The heart rate is
the amount of times it contracts or also known as beats in a unit of time, nearly always per minute.
The normal pulse rate for healthy adults ranges from 60–100 bpm(beats per minute), approximately
the adult heart rate regulates 75 bpm but this varies from person to person (Saladin, 2015). The heart
rate generally slows down through childhood, as you develop (MacGill, 2015). Abnormal heart rates
have medical names and harmless for some (MacGill, 2015). Tachycardia refers to the heart beating
too fast at rest being over 100 beats per minute and Bradycardia refers to the heart beating too slow,
usually below 60 beats per minute ( MacGill, 2015). The nervous system monitors the body and
signals your heart to beat faster in response to increased activity. The normal heart rate undergoes
healthy variation, going up in response to some conditions, including exercise, body temperature,
body position, and emotion (MacGill, 2015). The blood is rushing around the heart to get rid of
deoxygenated blood and carries back oxygenated blood from the lungs (Saladin, 2015) Sounds
heard in the cardiovascular system result from the turbulent blood flow (Marieb, 2007). Two sounds
can be heard during each cardiac cycle; these sounds are commonly known as "lub" and "dub". The
sequence is

The Healing Power of Music Essay
Usually, when one considers what they can do to fight off a cold, relieve pain, or alleviate mental
illness, the first things that comes to mind may be to take over–the–counter drugs or prescribed
medications. However, the cure to these and many other infirmities may be found within your own
ipod. Music, in its many forms, can and should be used as a healing instrument. While it may not
completely alleviate the need for drugs, it's possible that music therapy could accompany medical
drug use in order to lessen the amount of potentially harmful medications often consumed by
patients. In order to understand how music can affect the body and mind, one needs to understand
the composition of sound itself. Don Campbell describes it by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It gives us the chance to feel a sense of order in a life that is so often filled with chaos. Furthermore,
singing can often help someone to come in contact with certain emotions that they have either been
suppressing, or simply could no longer feel. For
Cole 2 example, a song with slow tempo and lyrics about remembering a lost loved one can emit
feelings of deep sorrow or regret, which can be reflected and felt by the one singing, or even
listening to, the music. On the other hand, a more joyous and fast–paced song can allow one to feel
more energized and up–beat. Aside from emotions, music can also have an impact on mental
illnesses like ADHD, depression, and dementia. To combat depression, Cadena states that "music
therapy alleviates pain and promotes calmness by slowing the heart rate and other bodily functions"
(2). It provides the patient with a means of escape from the stressful and painful ordeals of life, and
can even encourage them to recover from depression. To help children with ADHD, music therapy
and medications can be used conjointly. Music, Cadena affirms, "can provide a calming, sedative
affect and assist a child with focusing on the task at hand" (2). In regards to dementia, a study was
done to investigate the effects that music would have on people with the disease. The findings
demonstrated that "mean agitation levels were significantly lower while listening to music than
before listening to the music" (3). Music can also help

Symptoms And Treatment Of Chest Pain
Chest Pain Chest pain is defined as a general term for any dull, aching pain in the thorax, usually
referring to that of acute onset, which is often regarded as being myocardial in origin unless proven
otherwise (McGraw–Hill n.d.). Chest pain is a warning to seek medical attention and can be caused
by many reasons. Serious causes for chest pain include: Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS): New
onset angina, accelerating or crescendo angina and prolonged angina or coronary insufficiency, non
ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Typical features of cardiac chest pain is 1.) located under the breastbone or at least some of the pain
is situated in this area, 2.) other features include provocation by exercise or stress and 3.) relief by
rest or nitroglycerin. If all three features are present the patient is said to have typical angina. If two
of the three features are present the patient is said to have atypical angina and if only one of the
three features are present the patient is said to have non–anginal chest pain (Continuing Medical
Implementaiton 2013). Chest pain or chest discomfort is the most common presenting complaint
that brings patients into the ER everyday. During the physical exam, palpate and inspect the skin for
color, temperature, skin turgor and capillary refill using the fingertips and the back of hand, as
arterial insufficiency may cause cold extremities in a warm environment and is abnormal. Inspect

Complete Physical Assessment
| Complete Physical Assessment | Fort Hays State University | NURS603L Health Assessment
Across the Lifespan Lab for RNs | Katie Houp | 4/24/2014 |
Complete Physical Assessment of 40 year old male patient seen for assessment purposes. |
Complete Physical Examination
Date: 4/24/2014 Examiner: Katie Houp
Patient: Matt Gender: M Age: 40 Occupation: Medic
General Survey of Patient
Patient is Alert and Orientated to time place and events, appears slightly younger than stated age of
40 years old. Is of African American descent with medium brown pigmentation. Appears well
nourished, denies any unplanned weight changes in recent months. Posture and Position: Sitting
straight, relaxed with interview process, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CN IX, X, XII (Glossopharyngeal, Vagua, and Hypoglossal) Intact– Uvula rises on phonation,
Tongue without tremors and is midline, Gag reflex present
Chest and Lungs 1. Thoracic cage configuration equal and symmetric expansion 2. Tactile fremitus
equal bilaterally. No Lumps or tenderness noted 3. Spinous processes: Normal spinal curvature
evident. 4. Percussion over lung fields resonant; diaphragmic excursion approximated at 5cm and
equal bilaterally 5. Breath Sounds clear without adventitious sounds all lobes
Heart
1. Precordium;– PMI not visible, palpable in 5th ICS, MCL normal size, 2. Apical Pulse, Apical rate
and rhythm: Ausculated to have regular rate and rhythm 3. Heart Sounds S1 heard best at apex, S2
heard best at base, no extra sounds or murmurs identified.
Abdomen
1. Contour, symmetry flat without scars or lesions noted, umbilicus is midline and inverted 2. Bowel
Sounds Active x 4 quadrants without bruits noted 3. Vascular Sounds not ausculated. 4. Light and
deep palpation without tenderness, mass or guarding evidenced. 5. Palpation of liver – edge not
palpated, percussion approximated at 8 cm in Right mid clavicular line. Spleen non palpable.
Upper Extremities: 1. Upper Extremities are symmetrical in appearance without scaring, lesions or
tenderness evident. Skin is dry and cool to touch; nails are manicured, capillary refill within 2
seconds noted. 2. Pulses:

Health Assessment
Health Assessment
Physical Assessment Documentation Form
Date: __3/1/16________
Patient Information
Patient Initials
BR
Age
30
Sex
Female
General Survey
Does patient appear to be their stated age?
Yes
Level of consciousness
Alert and Oriented to person, place and time.
Skin color
Pinkish tan
Nutritional status
Well nourished
Posture and position
Good posture, sitting upright
Obvious physical deformities
None noted
Mobility: gait, use of assistive devices, ROM of joints, no involuntary movement
Steady gait, no assistive devices, no involuntary movement
Facial expression

Symmetrical
Mood and affect
appears to be in good mood
Speech: articulation, pattern, content and appropriate, native ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Soft palate pink and smooth.
Tonsils
Tonsils not present
Uvula (cranial nerves IX, X)
Uvula rises midline on phonation
Tongue (cranial nerve XII)
Symmetric, protrudes midline
Neck
Symmetry, lumps, and pulsations
Symmetric, no masses, tenderness.
Cervical lymph nodes
Soft, non–tender.
Carotid pulse (bruits if indicated)
2+ and equal bilaterally. No bruits.
Trachea
Midline
ROM
Full ROM
Thyroid gland
non–palpable, non–tender.
Chest and Lungs: Posterior and Lateral
Thoracic cage configuration Skin characteristics Symmetric expansion Tactile fremitus Lumps or
tenderness
Pinkish Tan, warm
AP<transverse diameter
Symmetrical
Equal bilaterally
None, No tenderness
Spinous process
Normal spinal profile, no scoliosis

Percussion over lung fields
Lung fields resonant
CVA tenderness
No tenderness
Breath sounds
Clear, equal bilaterally
Adventitious sounds
none
Chest and Lungs: Anterior
Respirations and skin characteristics
Normal, Pinkish tan warm, no lesions.
Tactile fremitus, lumps, and tenderness Equal bilaterally, no lumps tenderness
Percuss lung fields
Lung fields resonant
Breath sounds
Clear in all lobes bilaterally
Heart
Precordium: pulsations and heave
No abnormal pulsation, no heaves
Apical impulse (PMI)
Apical pulse at 5th ICS in left MCL
Precordium and thrills
no thrills
Apical rate and rhythm
62 bpm , regular rhythm
Heart sounds
S1– S2

Bmc Recovery
Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to test the correlation of heart recovery rates post–
exercise in both athletes and non–athletes and determine which group had the faster recovery rate.
This was accomplished by selecting six non–athletes and six athletes to run one lap around the
Fresno Pacific track for two days. Each participant's resting heart rate was taken before running the
lap and instantly after running the lap as well. Upon completion of the lap their heart rate was
measured in thirty second intervals and it was noted how long it took to get back down to each
initial resting heart rate again. Due to the athletes training it was hypothesized that they would have
the faster recovery rate because they'd be more conditioned ... Show more content on
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The subjects were given a survey on their health as to avoid injured or asthmatic variables. Also they
were all required to be in the healthy BMI range and the athletes were from one sport and the non–
athletes had a strict definition of exercise as less than twice a week. However, a few errors could
have slipped through. For example when recording the participants heart rate. The pulse was
sometimes hard to locate requiring more time to look for it after their lap run and perhaps lose data
in the process. Another possible error that could have occurred was taking the recovery times. The
majority of the participant trials were done by one project partner making it difficult to monitor the
thirty second intervals while measuring and recording the heart rates as well. In future studies these
errors may be avoided by requiring all the researchers be present for the experiment in order to
secure more definitive results. Another issue that occurred was the participants failing to show up,
more so in the athlete group, which left a hole in hour experimental data because we were unable to
reach the intended six athlete total due to this issue. Future researchers should attempt to have all the
athlete and non–athlete participants together at one time for each day. This would avoid having to
come back day by day and remember who did one day and who's

PULSE: Peers Understanding Listening Supporting Education
Tucked away under the Health Center lies a glass door. A glass door that doesn't lead to another o–
chem lab or history class, but to a group of students who devote their time to the health and
wellbeing of the rest of the 20,000 students who attend Cal Poly SLO. These students comprise a
group called PULSE.
PULSE: Peers Understanding Listening Supporting Educating. Each word describes exactly how
PULSE serves the college. From daily consultations to campus–wide events, PULSE makes its
presence known on campus, reaching out to serve and to advocate for students' needs. PULSE
recognizes that there is nothing more important than students' health. Sure, there are the academic,
athletic, artistic, and social lives to be lived, but success in all of these aspects of life rely on the
premise that the student is healthy. To first–year environmental science major Sebastian Gonzales,
health can be summarized using three simple words: "Sleep. Diet. Exercise." While this remains ...
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Alexandra has volunteered for REAL for the past quarter and provided an insight on how REAL
serves Cal Poly. For a typical week, Alexandra is given three one–hour consultation periods in
which she meets with students who walk in or sign up. Typically, the whole hour is taken up, and
during this time, Alexandra simply listens to the student's concerns, questions, and problems, and
offers educational resources. Some reasons why many students visited REAL, as Alexandra lists,
include anxiety, depression, stress management, or grief. Oftentimes, the students who visit REAL
even schedule a follow–up consultation weeks or months later, checking in with their PULSE
confidant. And Alexandra never had an empty hour of consultations; every week her fall quarter,
Alexandra filled her schedule with three different students, listening to and supporting their
emotional

Blood Pressure Lab
THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON BLOOD PRESSURE
Courtney Triplett
Bio 211 Lab
Mark Fandel
March 3rd, 2015
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this experiment was to measure the effect one minute of physical activity would
have on a subject's blood pressure. In this experiment, physical activity is defined as stair climbing
at a moderate pace. For comparison purposes, standing blood pressure was measured before and
after physical activity. One subject was used and three trials were completed and the initial blood
pressures were as followed; 94/62 mmHg, 106/74 mmHg, and 102/66 mmHg. Blood pressures after
physical activity were 110/68, 112/76, and 106/70 mmHg. Blood pressure increased after physical
activity.
INTRODUCTION
Blood ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Next the subject was informed to sit for five minutes to allow his body to come to a resting point.
The subject was sitting upright with their upper arm positioned so it was level with their heart and
feet flat on the floor. Using two fingers the subjects brachial artery was located and the
sphygmomanometer was positioned so the cuffs artery marker pointed to the brachial artery. Next
the sphygmomanometer was wrapped tightly around the arm. On the same arm that the
sphygmomanometer placed, the arm was palpated at the crease of the arm to locate the strongest
pulse and the bell of the stethoscope was placed over the brachial artery at this location. Using the
cuff bulb, the cuff was inflated until no sounds were heard through the stethoscope. Once this point
was reached the cuff was slowly deflated and listening for the systolic and diastolic readings began.
The systolic reading is the first rhythmic sound heard and the diastolic is the last rhythmic sound
heard. The blood pressure reading was recorded on paper. The subject was then instructed to climb
the stairs at a constant rate. The subject was timed for one minute. Next, the subject's blood pressure
was taken again and recorded. This was repeated two additional times with an hour in between trials
to allow for

Chief Complaint : Chest Pain Essay
[Type text] [Type text] [Type text]
Adult Medicine
Winter 2016
Chief complaint: Chest pain
History of Present Illness– The patient is a 64–year–old female with a 15–pack year smoking history
presents to clinic complaining of chest pain for the past two weeks. The chest pain is accompanied
by fatigue and weakness. She denies any recent illness, fever, or weight change. She denies any
hypertension and shortness of breath?.She was nauseous with hot flashes and sweating 4 days ago
with no vomiting. She has a hyperlipidemia history, and her last lipid test was a year ago. She has an
episode of chest pain 4 times for 3 minutes since 2 weeks ago. She described her pain like
somebody sitting on her chest. Her pain is in the middle of her chest and radiated to her left jaw.
Chest pain is relieved by rest and exacerbated by physical activity. She tried Ibuprofen for her pain
with no relief. On a scale of 10, she rates the pain as an 8. She denied any major medical history and
any hospitalization. She is not using any medication, and she is not allergic to any medication or
environmental allergens. She has been married to her husband for 33 years. The Patient is concerned
because symptoms have impeded her activities of daily living, including going to work, and she is
concerned that it may be a heart attack. She missed her job 2 days last week.
Past Medical History
Hyperlipidemia
Family History
Father died at age 58 from heart attack,
Mother is 93 with hypertension. No

The Epidemiology Of Heart Rate
Heart rate is the number of times a minute our heart makes a beat. It is a very vital sound. There are
two parts to each heartbeat. The first part is when the heart contracts and pumps blood, is called the
'systole' (sis–tol). The second part is when the heart relaxes so the chambers can refill with blood, is
called 'diastole' (di–as–tol). Heart rate is what causes blood to run through your arteries. The heart
uses a lot of force to pump blood to the whole body. If your heart stops working then none of your
body will be able to get blood and you most likely die if some can't get your heart to start back up
again. The heart is one of the most vital arteries in the body.
Your heart is located under your ribcage in between your lungs in the ... Show more content on
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The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular
waste products all throughout the body. The cardiovascular systems main power is the heart. There
are two main circulatory loops in the human body. The pulmonary circulation loop and the systemic
circulation loop. The pulmonary circulation moves deoxygenated blood from the right side of the
heart to the lungs, where the blood picks up oxygen and returns to the left side of the heart. The
pumping chambers of the heart that support the pulmonary circulation loop are the right atrium and
right ventricle. The systemic circulation brings very high oxygenated blood from the left side of the
heart to all of the tissues of the body, except for the heart and lungs. Systemic circulation removes
wastes from body tissues and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart. The left
atrium and left ventricle of the heart are the pumping chambers for the systemic circulation

Caffeine And Heart Rate Experiment
This paper explores and explains the findings of the heart rate experiment conducted by the students
of Grand Canyon University for the Anatomy and Physiology 202 Laboratory course. Over a two
week time span, students were asked to record their heart rate, before, during, and after activities as
instructed by the professor. Specifically, this paper focuses on the female students, comparing the
heart rates of individuals who reported that they drink coffee versus those females who reported that
they do not drink coffee. The effects of caffeine contained in the coffee were examined and it was
noted that those who drink coffee have lower heart rates before, during, and after times of
examination. These findings suggested that the hypothesis proposed prior to research, Females Who
Drink Coffee Have a Higher Heart Rate Prior to Exams, was an incorrect statement. Keywords:
heart rate, female, coffee drinkers, non–coffee drinkers, hypothesis.
Effect of Caffeine on Heart Rate in Females before an Exam In the fast paced life of a college
student, it is not uncommon for tasks and due dates to quickly pile up, demanding more hours
studying and less hours sleeping. Any amount of sleep deprivation can lead students to consume
caffeinated beverages, particularly coffee, to help them stay awake and get their work done.
According to the University of Michigan (2015), Caffeine acts in the body by effecting the central
nervous system and may start to

Explain What Causes The Change In Heart Rate And Pulse Rate
What causes the change in heart rate and pulse rate with exercise is that during exercise, it requires
the heart to pump more blood out to specific organs at a faster rate in order for the organs to send the
necessary amount of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles involved in exercise so that they keep
working.
Heart rate equals pulse rate at rest and after exercise because blood flows towards the heart and
radial and carotid arteries at the same rate along the same pathway, or loop.
The change in cardiac cycle length with exercise affects heart muscle perfusion and time for
ventricular filling because since exercise calls for more blood to the muscles, the heart needs to
pump blood quickly at a faster rate. As the heart pumps faster, there

Evaluating Blood Pressure In A Veterinary Hospital
After a patient presents to a veterinary hospital with an actual or potential cardiovascular condition,
it is important that the treating technician knows and understand the different monitoring parameters
they will need to evaluate. There are many different things a technician will need to evaluate. Some
of these include the following: heart rate, respiration, ECG, and blood pressure. Blood pressure is
one of the important monitoring tools that a technician has available to them to use when they are
taking care of a cardiovascular patient. A technician needs understand what the different readings
mean so they can respond appropriately. In addition, a technician needs to know the correct
procedure for taking a reading and how and where to use the equipment.
Hypertension is one potential complication from cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is when a
patient's blood pressure increases above the normal range. This condition can be caused by the heart
disease or it can be the condition that is causing the actual heart disease, for this reason it is
important to treat hypertension in any patient that presents with cardiovascular problems. Some of
the underlying conditions that can cause hypertension include the following: renal disease, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If an incorrect size cuff is chosen it can give improper readings and provide false information about
the patient. To monitor a patient's blood pressure the correct technique is important. The way blood
pressure is monitored, is to place a cuff around a limb where the animal has a pulse. The technician
will then inflate the cuff and determine the blood pressure of the animal. A normal blood pressure
reading for a dog has a systolic range of 131–154. For dogs, the goal of treating hypertension is to
reduce the animal's blood pressure to an acceptable range. The normal goal is to reduce the systolic
blood pressure to below

Health Promotion Study Guide Essay
Unit 2 Study Guide
Understand about health, illness, and wellness: (CHP 17 p. 295 & PP Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention)
Health – is the state of complete physical, mental (emotional), and social (including spiritual) well–
being, not merely the absence of disease. Health is holistic in nature; it's the full expression of a
person's physical, emotional, social and spiritual potential. It's a dynamic state in which the person
continuously adapts to changes in the internal and external environments in order to maintain a
sense of wellbeing. Health is a highly individual perception.
Illness – is an event that manifests itself through observable/felt changes in the body. Illness is the
state in which the physical, emotional, social, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dry arm pit if moist. Place thermometer bulb in center of axilla. In order to obtain a more accurate
reading it must be left in place for a long time.
Temporal Artery: Safe, noninvasive and very fast. Equipment slightly more expensive, as it is a
scanning infrared thermometer. The probe is placed in the middle of the forehead then drawn
laterally to the hairline. If Pt has perspiration on forehead the probe is also touched behind earlobe.
Levels of preventive health care:
Three levels of preventative care are:
Primary – focuses on health promotion and protection against specific health problems or health
risks. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to generally healthy
individuals or groups. Examples include: Immunizations; risk assessments for specific disease i.e.
diabetes; health education about injury and poisoning prevention.
Secondary– focuses on early identification of health problems and prompt intervention to alleviate
health problems. Goal is to identify people in early stages of disease process and to limit future
disability. It is curative in nature. It emphasizes health maintenance for people with health problems
(i.e. someone with diabetes who has it under control). This level includes prevention of
complications and disabilities. Examples include: Encouraging regular medical/ dental checkups;
Teaching self exam of breast; screening surveys hypertension).
Tertiary– focuses on restoration and rehabilitation with the goal

The Effects of Cold on Blood Pressure and Pulse
THE EFFECTS OF COLD ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND PULSE
Abstract
The ability known as thermoregulation is a feature of an organism that help to keep the body
temperature within certain thresholds, thus independently from external conditions. A dynamic state
of thermal balance of human body between its internal environment and the territory is a model
example of precise control of organism heat. In the case where such stability would be disturbed the
immediate response would appear as well. In accordance with the thermodynamic principles the
flow of the heat will occur without change of the state (Houdas and Ring, 1982). Moreover,
temperature coordination is closely related to the changes within the cardiovascular system as well.
To ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Data provided below was gained for each time point during the three minutes period. It should be
noted the experimental control, thus the first measurement of blood pressure and pulse rate was
taken at the beginning of the experiment at room temperature. Sequentially these readings were; for
systolic blood pressure (SBP) equal to 134mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) equal to 79mmHg
at the pulse rate equal to 91 per minute.
Moreover, to support the quality of the gathered results the experiment was repeated and an
additional data was placed in a table as well.
Column1
SBP
(mmHg)
DBP
(mmHg)
PULSE per min.
After 1st min.
After 2nd min.
After 3rd min.
Repeat

TIME
139
153
137
142
1
82
85
84
82
2
85
95
95
92
3
Table 1. A correlation of blood pressure and pulse measurements collected during the three minutes
period.
To help provide a better visual interpretation, a dependence of measured elements from the table
above would be presented in a form of graph as well. The curve illustrates an impact of low
temperature on circulatory system indicators such as blood pressure and pulse. To present a precise
difference between rates of each time point the control of the experiment was also applied on the
graph.
Graph 1. An illustration of interdependence between descending temperature on blood pressure and
pulse rate over time.

Discussion
Results

Paper
Health Assessment
Physical Assessment Documentation Form
Date: __3/3/16
Patient Information Patient Initials | LD | Age | 30 | Sex | Female |
General Survey
Does patient appear to be their stated age? | Yes | Level of consciousness | Alert and Oriented x3 |
Skin color | Caucasain | Nutritional status | No malnurishment noted, pt she eats three meals a day |
Posture and position | Patient maintains good posture and position | Obvious physical deformities |
No physical deformities noted | Mobility: gait, use of assistive devices, ROM of joints, no
involuntary movement | no problems with mobility noted, patient ambulates w/o assistance, ROM of
joints intact, patient pt able to rotate feet, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| Describe the purpose of the otoscope | checking ears for buildup and injuries, drainage, etc |
Explain the Weber and Rinne tests | Rinne test involves tuning fork to be placed on the mastoid
bone, and ask when patient no longer hears the vibration,and checks for air conduction and bone
conduction Weber test involves stricking the tunning fork in placing in middle of head and ask what
ear the sound is coming from, hearing sound in both ears could be a sign of hearing loss
(Stubblefield, 2014) | Nose External nose | External nose skin intact, no lesion noted, smooth skin
noted, small pores pt denies c/o, no problems noted | Patency of nostrils | Patency noted in nostrils,
no drainage noted | Describe the purpose of the nasal speculum exam | Nasal speculum is used to
widen the nasal passage for inspection | Mouth and Throat Lips and buccal mucosa | mucosa moist
no problems noted | Teeth and gums | teeth and gums intact | Tongue, hard palate, and soft palate | all
moist, intact, no problems noted | Tonsils | Tonsils in place, no redness, or patches noted | Uvula
(cranial nerves IX, X) | Uvula intact, no redness or patches noted, no lesion noted | Tongue (cranial
nerve XII) | Tongue pink and intact, no white patches or yeast noted | Neck Symmetry, lumps, and
pulsations | Symmetry noted in neck, no lumps noted, pulsations present in veins |

Experiment to Determine if Physical Activity Will Increase...
Introduction The ancient Greeks believed that the human heart pumped an endless supply of
"pneuma", or life energy. Galen, a Greek physician, believed that the "pneuma" and blood flowed
from the heart like a fountain. He believed that there was an endless supply of this precious life
source. It was not until 1616 that William Harvey determined that Galen was not entirely correct.
Due to the practice of bloodletting during Harvey's time, his belief that blood is in fact finite was not
warmly welcomed. (O'Brien) In 1733, the first blood pressure was recorded when Reverend Stephen
Hales connected a combination of brass and glass piping to a horse's artery. He noted that upon
releasing the ligature on the artery, the blood flowed through the ... Show more content on
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Once the patient returned, she was asked to expose her arm to the middle portion of her bicep, and
her wrist and forearm were placed on the laboratory desk. With the patients arm resting on the desk,
approximately equal to the patient's heart level, pulse palpation began. The left radial artery was
visually located. The researcher lightly placed an index and middle finger over the left radial artery
and began palpation of the radial pulse for fifteen seconds. The pulse rate was calculated by
multiplying the total pulse count for the fifteen second duration by four to determine the heart rate.
The rate was recorded as the Post–exercise pulse rate. The earpieces and bell of the stethoscope
were cleaned with the alcohol wipes again and positioned in the researcher's ear with the openings
inferior and anteriorly positioned. The cuff of the sphygmomanometer was placed on the patient's
left arm approximately one and a half inches proximal to the antecubital fossa. With the patients arm
resting on the laboratory table, approximately equal to the patient's heart level, the cuff of the
sphygmomanometer was wrapped around the patient's bicep with the arrow directly in line with the
brachial artery, leaving two to three centimeters space between the cuff and the patient's bicep. The
stethoscope diaphragm was placed between the cuff and bicep, superior to the brachial artery. The
cuff was then inflated to 160 mmhg on the pressure gauge to occlude the brachial artery. The

Pulse Rate Lab Report
The present study was carried out in human subjects to measure the pulse rate in terms of heart rate
by using heart rate sensor instrument. The heart rate was measured during resting state, after
exercise and after watching salamanders. Phobia of particular animals can change the heart rate
when approaching scared animals. 11 The results revealed a significant increase in the pulse rate
during the exercise as compared to the resting state. A Similar trend was seen after I watched
salamanders as well. From the study, it was concluded that heart rate increases during exercise to
maintain the requirement of blood by the muscles. There was not a significant difference between
the state of resting and state of exercise. On the other hand, the pulse rate was statistically
significant between the rest and watching salamanders. There was a significant difference between
resting state and watching salamanders state. Watching salamanders has more impact on heart rate
than in resting state. These effects on pulse rate and pulse wave were conducted by using heart rate
sensor instrument. Watching salamanders has much more effects on heart rate than in exercising
state. My null hypothesis is accepted due to watching salamanders causing the heart rate an increase.
Introduction:
The cardiovascular system comprises of central pumping structure heart, blood vessels and
circulating fluid blood. The flow of blood to different tissues is regulated by the heart that is instead
regulated by

Exercise Response Essay
Both subjects took part in exercise. One athlete on the treadmill and the other on the bike.
Exercise 1:
Client one was doing exercise on a bike for a 30–minute time period. The cradle attached to the bike
weighed 1kg and extra weight was added (+ 0.1kg) and taken away to ensure the client remained in
the correct heart rate zone throughout the period of time that they were exercising for. The intensity
of this exercise was medium to high as it required an increase in the clients breathing rate compared
to what it was at rest and also the client began to sweat. During this time period several tests were
taken every five minutes. One of the tests that was taken was the clients heart rate, the client was
wearing a heart rate monitor as well as a watch that helped to track ... Show more content on
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Another test that was taken was the clients blood pressure which was taken using an electronic
sphygmomanometer which provided us with both the systolic (refers to the pressure within our
arteries when our heart is pumping) and diastolic (refers to the pressure within our arteries when our
heart is resting between beats). A third test that was taken was the clients peak flow which had to be
done immediately after 5 minutes of exercising in order to get a valid and fair result. Peak flow is
measured using a peak flow meter which measures how quickly the air comes out of our lungs that
the client exhaled forcefully after fully inhaling. Another test that was taken was the clients RPE
which was taken during the period of which the athlete was exercising. It is measured using a scale
which the client had to rate themselves on (one being the least tired and 10 being the most tired).
Flexibility was another test that was taken, this involved the client getting off

The Importance Of Pulse Pressure
1. Define pulse pressure? How did it change with light and heavy exercise to PP? What is the
expected PP response to exercise? 2 marks
 Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure reading. It represents
the force that the heart generates each time it contracts. During exercise periods, the pulse pressure
will increase because the stroke volume, or the amount of ventricular blood pumped with a given
contraction increases to fuel muscular contractions. This increase in stroke volume will cause an
increase in systolic pressure, while the diastolic pressure will remain relatively constant, increasing
the value of pulse pressure. Based on needs for muscular activity, the stroke volume will adjust
accordingly, so lighter exercise will have a smaller increase in ventricular contraction and heavier
exercise will have a greater increase in ventricular contraction. This will result in a smaller increase
in systolic pressure for light activity and greater increase in systolic pressure for heavy activity. It is
expected this to happen because with an increasing demand for oxygenated blood from muscles
engaging in sarcomeric contraction, the heart will contract with greater force (systolic pressure) in
order to maximize stroke volume, ensuring that sufficient oxygen/nutrients is given to working
muscles.
2. Describe the mean arterial blood pressure response to light and

The Medical Team, Inc.
The Medical Team,Inc. is privately owned company established in 1978 and the headquarter is
located at Reston,Virgnia. It provides personal care services and catastrophic care solution. The
company has more than 35 nurses most of LPN and a lot of nursing aid workers. From my
discussion I came to understand that most of their patients are senior citizens and with a lot of
medical complications. Medicare mostly covers their insurance and the main focuses of the home
health care are to reduce hospital readmission rate with in thirty days of patient discharge. Most of
the challenge is patient's dependency on nurse aids for their day–to–day life and some of them also
lucks family support. This situation put them in vulnerable stage for their ... Show more content on
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As part of the requirement for completion of this course I will focus on one my patient's health
status and clinical care experience.
Assessment
My patient is a sixty–four years old Caucasian woman with history of diabetes's mellitus, vascular
disease, left lower extremity stent, coronary artery disease, hypertension, gout, cardiac valve
replacement, and dyslipidemia. She was diagnosed with CHF and ascites.
She was alerted, oriented and very compliant to her medications. She lives with her younger brother
and depends on his assistance for her day–to–day life. Medicare covers her medical treatment and
she also got small financial assistance from Loudon county. She uses wheel chair for her mobility
and has been under medical Team Inc. team care for few weeks.
On the arrival to the house I was given my first assignment, which was head to toe assessment. it
was a wonderful experience. The following findings were the main ones.
Vital signs: Temp 97.1,PR:77, BP 117/57, RR 18 and O2 sat 97 %.
Lungs: loud crackles ( in both sides) lower quadrants.
Extremities: she has ischemic ulceration measured around 1.5 cm * 1.25 cm.
Lower foot edema 2+ in both sides. Weak pulses and gangrenous left foot.
Dehydrated and poor skin turgor.
Erythema and discharge noticed on dressing.
Planning:
The care plan focuses mainly on
Daily weights: Performed on the same scale, the same time of day, and in clothing of the
same/similar weight
Capillary refill: Press down on nail bed.

The Effects Of Music On People 's Mood
Introduction
Listening to music can be an influence on people's mood. Sad music is able to make someone cry
whereas happy music does the opposite. Music can be defined as sound of vocal, instruments or
combined to form harmony and expression of emotion (Jackson, 2003). And also it can be classified
into two categories ; arousing and calm music. Arousing music is usually fast, rhythmic, or give a
sudden loud sound. However,calming music is usually slower, with a smooth melody, and not too
rhythmic (Ball, 2010). Research has proven that music is not only one form of entertainment, but
also is beneficial to a number of health including developing baby 's' brain and memory, lowering
stress levels, improving sleep quality, raising states of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the hypothesis was supported in this study. However, the results were not significant
because there was only a slight change in heart rate; other extraneous variables such as movement of
participants would have caused it easily . The reason that results support the hypothesis is several
studies also show that when participants listen to arousing music, their breathing pattern and heart
rate will become rapid involuntarily. This is more obvious when observing trained musicians as their
breathing pattern and heart rate tends to synchronize with the rhythm of the music (Maqlione, 2006).
Arousing music has the effect of tensing muscles and high blood pressure because louder and faster
noises tend to raise both heart rate and blood pressure. In contrast, the rhythm of calm music can
guide the body into slower respiration and relaxation of muscles, lowering the heart rate(Turner &
Frey, 2005). The findings of this investigation can be applied in the real world such as the medical
field, calming music can be a therapy to reduce people's stress. Studies have shown that
cardiovascular patients listening to calming music for 30 minutes had lower blood pressure, slower
heart rates and less distress than those who did not listen to music. In comparison, listen to arousing
music may increase the level of excitement(Music as medicine: the impact of healing

Innovation And Organization : Apple Iwatch
Assessment 1: innovation and organization
Apple iwatch
Latrobe University
Masters of Management (Entrepreneurship and Innovation)
Submitted by: Anubhav Maurya Submitted to: Dr.Vanessa Ratten
Student id: 18218076
INTRODUCTION
On 9th September 2014 apple stepped into the watch industry with the launch of its most awaited
smart watch named apple iwatch. This was apples first new product category in 5 years after the
iPad. (Hasalum , 2015). The watch has no bounds and it was described as "absolutely amazing" and
its software as "fluid" by many of the developers. Terms such as "phenomenal " have been used for
this highly advanced innovation of today's world by apple. (Clover, 2015,)
TYPES OF INNOVATION
The days have gone that a watch limits its use to just telling time, today is the world of technology
and innovation which has given birth to smart watch.
A smart watch is an advanced technology based device that is worn on the wrist like any other watch
the difference being that it connects to ones smart one via a wireless mode. These watches have
features like receiving phone notifications, messages, social site updates, and calls all on the watch
itself. (Mangis, 2014)
Apples iwatch stands out amongst all the smart watches known as it connects wirelessly to the
iPhone which not only enables it to receive phone calls and messages but also it can be used to play
music, serves as a digital wallet, and it can even monitor heart rate via

Cognitive Heart Failure
The patient has been diagnosed with atrial defibrillation and congestive heart failure. There is no
visible jugular vein distention or pulsations on either side of the neck. The patient was not
comfortable with removing her sweater, therefore, pulsations, lifts, or heaves were not seen if
present. Palpated and auscultated the carotid arteries for vascular sounds, no bruits heard. Heart
sounds were auscultated with the bell and diaphragm of the stethoscope. S1 82/min, even and
regular. S2 85/min, even and regular. S3 82/min, even and regular. S4 83/even and regular. No
murmurs were heard. The apical pulse rate was 92 bmp, regular and was accessed with patient in
sitting position and between the 4th and 5th intercostal space. Patient stated ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Patient unable to walk heel to toe, perform the Romberg test, stand on one foot, or perform a
shallow knee bend without risk of falling. The patient complains of lower back, hip, and knee pain. .
Assessed patient's pain at this time. Patient states that, "the pain is felt in her lower back, hips, and
knees constantly and relieved with ibuprofen" she rated the pain a 4 on a scale from 0 to 10. Patient
stated, "lower back always aches." Described the pain as constant and dull. Affects her activities of
daily living because she "isn't able to cook, clean, or exercise." In a supine position the patient, with
help, was able to extend legs upwards about 40 degree and flex hips with limited range of motion.
Patient was able to resist with light resistance when pressure was applied to the legs anteriorly and
posteriorly. Sitting back in the patient's chair, the patient was able to bend at the hip. No pain or
tenderness felt when palpating the spinous process. The patient was able to actively flex and extend
the ankle joints with limited range of motion and some resistance with support under the lower leg.
The patient was able to flex and extend the feet with limited range of motion and some resistance.
No pain or crepitus with flexion and extension of the feet and ankles. Inspected the patient's skin of
the anterior and posterior legs, ankles, and feet. The skin of the upper legs were dry, with

Cardiopulmonary Pressure
I. Abstract: The effects on different aspects of cardiopulmonary fitness, respiratory rate, mean
arterial pressures, electrical activity of the heart, and pulse rate, were all tested on Freshmen Biology
students in regards to how exercise affects the results and if there is a difference between males and
females. Students did a moderate intensity exercise for two minutes, and the results were recorded.
There was at least a slight gender difference between all three measurements; for all three, males, on
average, had a higher net change after exercise. This, however, could have been in part due to errors.
In addition, both genders saw an increase after exercise in all three measurements, which was
expected. In the future, one should repeat the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Males, on average, increased their mean arterial pressure by 12.835 units. In contrast, females
increased their mean arterial pressure by 2.25 units; however, there was one girl whose mean arterial
pressure dropped after exercising instead of increasing. Both males and females all recovered from
the exercise within the four minutes given to recover.
The pulse rate of both male and female genders increased collectively following exercise, but the
males' increased drastically more on average than the females'. Male pulse rate had an average
change of 30 units, where as the females' pulse rate had an average increase of 19.5 units. One
aspect that might have influenced the female results was the fact that one female's pulse decreased
after exercise instead of increasing. Two males and two females were able to recover their pulse
after exercise near to the rest numbers, but the other four people were unable to return to their
normal pulse.
Finally, the graph taken from one group doing the electrical activity is shown at the end of the
results. It is a standard graph of an ECG, and the specific waves/points are labeled on the graph.
Table 10–8 Class Data Table
*See Attached*
ECG Graph
*See

Heart And Peripheral Vascular System

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