Geographical Information System ( Gis )

Geographical Information System ( Gis )
Water withdrawal is the amount of water taken from the ground or surface water source and water
use is defined as the water which is withdrawn for specific purposes, such as domestic, irrigation,
industrial etc. With increasing population and climate change effects, the demands for water
resources are increased; as a result, ground water and surface water withdrawals become very
important. Water resources are essential for public use, power generation, agricultural production,
recreation and so on. However, increasing effects of climate change and population growth cause
sustained water shortages in the some regions of United States. Unfortunately, in some states, water
demand has exceeded the water supply. Thus, it is very important to know past and current water
withdrawal amounts to shape policy for wise–use and management of water. Therefore, visual
geospatial display of water withdrawal data with a geographical information system (GIS) is an
essential tool to address the issues related to water resources. Geographical information system
(GIS) is a combination of a graphic presentation and database. It is a general–purpose technology
that uses geographic data in digital form. The abilities of GIS include processing the data into a
form, which is suitable for analysis, supporting spatial analysis and modeling, and post–processing
results. Moreover, it can give spatial representation of water resources systems and bring spatial
dimensions into the water resource
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Sub Saharan Africa Essay
Off–Grid Cooling Solutions for Sub–Saharan Africa Sub–Saharan Africa, being a tropical region,
ranks as one of the hottest regions on earth. This area receives more solar insulation than several
other tropical regions. Thanks to technological advancements, hot temperatures do not cause a
serious problem in the developed world. In these developed areas, heat only causes problems when
power supply has been knocked out by storms or other hard–to–avoid occurrences. However, in
sub–Saharan Africa, millions of people do not have access to electricity from grid connections. This
means that these persons live in one of the earth's hottest regions, yet have restricted access to the
technologies that would have made life bearable. The solution for millions ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This was achieved by harnessing nature for cooling. Buildings in Africa can be designed with
passive cooling properties. This can be achieved by placing openings in the path of the wind. By
understanding wind patterns in any given area, the positioning of windows and doors can be
optimized such that as many of them as possible are directly in the wind's route. This would enable
the wind to bring in cool air through one part of a building, while exiting with warmer air at the
other end. Natural cross ventilation is inexpensive and requires no

Literature Review On PID Controller
Chapter 2
Literature Review
Theory and law
PID Controller
PID controller is one of the methods for temperature control and is widely used in process control
industry due to simple design and easy to implement in industrial [1]. PID controller consists of
three controllers, which is proportional (P) controller, Integral (I) controller, and derivative (D)
controller [2]. The equation for output of the PID control can be described as: u(t)=K(e(t)+ 1/T_i
∫_0^t▒〖e(τ) dτ+ T_(d ) de(t)/dt〗) [2]
Which e is the control error, K is the proportional (P) gain, Ti is the integral (I) time, and Td is the
derivative time. Figure 1 shows the PID controller design using operational amplifier (op–amp).
Figure 1: PID controller design [3] Proportional controller functions as to stabilize the unstable
process [4]. The objective of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
G. Ziegler and N. B. Nichols, "Optimum Settings for Automatic Controllers," American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, pp. 759–768, Nov. 1942.
[10] C. B. Prakash and R. S. N. Naik, "Tuning of PID Controller by Ziegler–Nichols Algorithm for
Position Control of DC Motor," International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering &
Technology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 379–382, May 2014. [11] G. C. Goodwin, S. F. Graebe, and M. E.
Salgado, Control system design. United States: Pearson Education (US), 2000.
[12] C. C. Hang, K. J. Åström, and W. K. Ho, "Refinements of the Ziegler–Nichols tuning formula,"
IEE Proceedings D Control Theory and Applications, vol. 138, no. 2, p. 111, 1991.
[13] Yu. G. GUREVICH and J. E. VELAZQUEZ–PEREZ, "Peltier effect in semiconductors," Wiley
Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pp. 1–21, Apr. 2014.
[14] O. F. Francis, C. J. Lekwuwa, and I. H. John, "Performance Evaluation of a Thermoelectric
Refrigerator," International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), vol. 2, no. 7,
pp. 18–24, Jan. 2013.
[15] S. M. Maniyar, "1–Wire® Communication with PIC® Microcontroller,"

Water Advantages And Disadvantages
Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment. As opposed
to air cooling, water is used as the heat conductor. Water cooling is commonly used for cooling
automobile internal combustion engines and large industrial facilities such as steam electric power
plants, hydroelectric generators, petroleum refineries and chemical plants.[1] Other uses include
cooling the barrels of machine guns, cooling of lubricant oil in pumps; for cooling purposes in heat
exchangers; cooling products from tanks or columns, and recently, cooling of various major
components inside high–end personal computers. The main mechanism for water cooling is
convective heat transfer.[citation needed]
Contents [hide]
1 Nomenclature
2 Advantages ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were made from car radiators (or more commonly, a car's heater core), aquarium pumps and
home–made water blocks, laboratory–grade PVC and silicone tubing and various reservoirs
(homemade using plastic bottles, or constructed using cylindrical acrylic or sheets of acrylic, usually
clear) and or a T–Line. More recently a growing number of companies are manufacturing water–
cooling components compact enough to fit inside a computer case. This, and the trend to CPUs of
higher power dissipation, has greatly increased the popularity of water cooling, although only a very
small minority of computers are water–cooled.[citation

The Four Stages Of Mealworms
Mealworms are usually kept in the fridge, the mealworms move very slowly to almost not moving at
all. After its warming up, the mealworms start to wander around and climb onto each other. The
mealworms that were in the glass were bunching up into pairs and one of the mealworms was all
alone. The people in the group thought that the mealworms were getting together to warm up
because the mealworms had just come out of the fridge. As soon as the mealworms were warming
up, the mealworms started wandering around and standing up. On the backs, it looks very hard–
shelled and are not afraid when the mealworms are touched. The mealworms looked tan or light
brown so must have just shedded their dead skin off. When people look at them closely it looks like
the mealworms do not have back legs but the people could not be so sure. In the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The eyes were on top of the head and the Mealworms mouths are in front. It looks like the
mealworms have no back legs and the mealworms are just pulling themselves from the front.
Many mealworms are raised to soon be food for lizards, fish, and rodents. Mealworms are the
second out of four stages. If the mealworms are still alive and save enough energy then mealworms
will turn into beetles. The baby mealworms stay in the soil from a few days to over a month before
the mealworms hatch. Mealworms are very important to the ecosystem because mealworms eat the
"Unwanted organic matter". Mealworms are eaten by birds, spiders, rodents, and other insects. The
Mealworms can defend themselves by standing up and giving off a scent that can scare the predator
away. People put live mealworms in the fridge and can stay in there for months. People also freeze
dry

Descriptive Essay
The Backhandspring That Changed Me Forever I grab the tiny green bowl in front of Autumn and
place it in the stainless steel sink. I swipe my hand under the faucet and clear water comes pouring
out. The remains of the now cold mac'n'cheese soaks up the water and swirls down the drain. I look
over my shoulder to my sweet Autumn, who is still sitting in the chair with her tiny arms and filthy
fingers draped on the counter. "Autumn honey," I say. "Go wash your hands." She glances at me and
crinkles her nose. "But, mommy, I don't want to." she whines. "If you want to go on the water
trampoline with daddy then you have to." She still doesn't move. "1,2,..." I start counting. Autumn's
body pops up. She quickly climbs like a monkey down ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It makes me so happy to see her excited when she finally gets one. My attention is drawn to Autumn
again, who is doing a front flip. She has never landed one, but I have faith that she will soon. I close
my eyes and start to doze off when I hear a scream. My motherly instincts immediately flow through
my blood and I burst up. Is Autumn okay? Is Jim okay? I start sprinting down the dock by the
trampoline. I almost fall in the water as I halt to a stop.
"What happened!" I yell nervously." Is Autumn hurt?" My husband looks at me in confusion.
"What do you mean? Autumn just landed her front flip!" My husband announced joyfully. I glimpse
down at Autumn, her face is lit up. I smile. I throw my arms up in happiness. Then, a memory erupts
in my brain like a volcano. I start to remember the first time I did my backhandspring by myself... *
* * * * * I stare down the long slick black tumble track, with red mats on both sides squishing it into
a sandwich. A female figure waits for me at the end of it. Sweat rolls down my face. I need to do it, I
tell myself, Coach Jenni is there to spot me. "You can do it Kendall." Jenni says. "Just keep
everything tight."
"Okay I can do this." I copy. The words of reassurance build up my confidence. You'll be safe, I take
a deep breath. Three, Two, One. I go. Everything 's a blur, from the hurdle to the ending rebound. I
stand up, magically appearing next to Jenni. I did it? I did it!!!!!!! My face glows with

Other uses of nuclear power included Military: The US Navy...
Other uses of nuclear power included Military: The US Navy has all submarines and aircraft carriers
moving by nuclear propulsion this lowers petroleum oil use (ships and aircrafts) by 15%. The US
Military has several Nuclear Weapons Types: Warheads:The term warhead refers to the explosive
and/or toxic material that is delivered by a missile, rocket, or torpedo;Bombs, Atomic Demolition
Munition(ADM) ,Artillery Shell,ASW (anti–submarine warfare),ASW warhead,ASW warhead /
Bomb, Torpedoes,Inter–continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), I know what you thinking,
death,death,destruction.... based on the Nuclear Non–Proliferation Act of 1978 which seeks to limit
the spread of nuclear weapons by, among other things, establishing criteria governing U.S. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Metal manufacturers, to obtain the proper thickness of tin and aluminum Highly sensitive gauges to
measure the thickness and density of many materials use radioisotopes quality of steel is also
checked by guages. Construction crews also use it, to gauge the density of road surfaces and
subsurface. Pipeline companies, to look for defects in welds and use as tracers to pinpoint leaks in
piping. Several countries have implemented nuclear water desalination, including India, Japan and
Kazakhstan. Nuclear–energy–powered water desalination is a well–understood technology, with
thousands of man–hours behind it.Science Studies Carbon–14, a naturally occurring, long–lived
radioactive substance, allows archaeologists to determine when artifacts containing plant or animal
material were alive, created or used.Radioactive carbon dating allows us to observe data of
earth.Agriculture aspect of it all is that radiation can Increase shelf life and preserves food, 40 plus
Countries have approved of using radiation to help preserve foods, also uses irradiation (exposing
object to radiation) it kills bacteria, More than 10 species of insects have been eliminated by
radiation insects, and parasites which these could have caused food borne illnesses. NEI states
"Food irradiation does not make the food radioactive, and it does not change the food any more than
canning or freezing." also radiation Develops more disease resistant

The Effects Of The Seebeck Effect
Introduction
1.1 Seebeck Effect
When two ends of a conductor are held at different temperatures electrons at
the hot junction at higher thermal velocities diffuse to the cold junction. Seebeck
discovered that making one end of a metal bar hotter or colder than the other produced
an EMF between the two ends. He experimented with junctions (simple mechanical
connections) made between different conducting materials. He found that if he created
a temperature difference between two electrically connected junctions (e.g., heating
one of the junctions and cooling the other) the wire connecting the two junctions
would cause a compass needle to deflect. He thought that he had discovered a way to
transform thermal energy into a magnetic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
➢ TH and TC are the hot and cold thermocouple temperatures, respectively, in ok.
The reverse of the Seebeck effect is also possible: by passing a current through two
junctions, you can create a temperature difference. This process was discovered in
1834 by scientist named Peltier, and thus it is called the Peltier effect. This may sound
similar to Joule heating described above, but in fact it is not. In Joule heating the
current is only increasing the temperature in the material in which it flows. In Peltier
effect devices, a temperature difference is created: one junction becomes cooler and

one junction becomes hotter. Although Peltier coolers are not as efficient as some
other types of cooling devices, they are accurate, easy to control, and easy to adjust.
Peltier effect devices are used coolers for microelectronic devices such as
microcontrollers and computer CPU. Peltier found there was an opposite phenomenon
to the Seebeck Effect, whereby thermal energy could be absorbed at one dissimilar
metal junction and discharged at the other junction when an electric current flowed
within the closed circuit. the thermocouple circuit is modified to obtain a

How Electricity Is Produced By Using Coal
These days, most of us tend to take electricity for granted. If one were to be asked where it comes
from, you would most likely get responses from all over, with a common response being, "Out of
the sockets in the wall!" In this paper I will be giving a very brief overview of how electricity is
produced, specifically from coal.
Generating electricity requires a fuel source, and the fuel source for both EKP and DP&L is coal.
About 60% of the electricity nationwide is produced by using coal. Coal arrives mainly by a barge,
but also by rail and truck. Barges typically deliver around 1,500 tons of coal, which is enough to
keep a plant running for a couple of hours. A plant uses around 21,000 tons of coal each day, so over
1,000,000 tons of coal is stockpiled next to the plant. A device called a stacker reclaimer scoops coal
onto a quarter mile long conveyor that can transport up to 900 tons of coal into the plant each hour.
Once inside the plant, up to a thirty–hour supply of coal can be stored in bunkers. Coal moves from
the bunkers to feeders to be measured and moved to pulverizers. Coal enters the pulverizer and spins
in a large drum where hundreds of steel balls grind it into a fine powder. Now a fine powder, the
coal leaves the pulverizers and heads to the boiler. About 335 tons of coal can be pulverized per
hour. Large fans add warm air to the powdery coal and blow it into the boiler. The boiler has miles
of tubes filled with high quality water. Once

Philly Killer Essay
"Philly Killer"
Marissa Criss
Medical Microbiology
October 24, 2014
The first known outbreak of Legionnaires' disease was in 1976 after the American Legion
conference in Philadelphia Pennsylvania–from which it receives its name (Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 2013). According to a New York Times article, when the "Philly Killer", as
it was termed at the time, hit Pennsylvania, no one had previously seen this disease. In addition to
Legionnaires' disease erupting at this time, a new strain of influenza had emerged and Americans
feared an epidemic. After six long months, 221 cases and 34 deaths, the "Philly Killer" was pinned
on the bacteria Legionella pneumophila, which was spread through the air conditioning system of
the conventions' hotel. (Altman, 2006) The naturally found bacterium, Legionella, causes this
disease. Since Legionella prefers warmer water, it is not generally found in natural water sources
such as lakes, rivers, or oceans–or it is found in low numbers in said sources. (Garrison & Hicks,
2013) It is, however, found in hot tubs, cooling towers, hot water tanks, large plumbing systems, air
conditioners and ventilation systems (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Though
the exact infectious dose is not know, it can be assumed to be relatively low as the origination of the
infection can often be trace to a source of a considerable distance. In comparison, the lethal dose is
much higher–anywhere from 2400 to 100000

Environmental And Sustainability Considerations For Very...
Environmental and sustainability considerations for very large systems
As mentioned above, the demand for faster and smaller devices with higher performance is
increasing. However with increasing devices, there is increase in data generated. Large companies
like google, amazon, Microsoft and many others generate huge amounts of data which is stored in
large storage centres called Data centres. It is estimated that by 2020, around 35 zettabytes of data
will be generated every year [6]. To store and manage such large data, huge data centres are
required. However there are many challenges faced while operation of these datacentres.
One of the challenges faced by the data centres is land occupied by these data centres. Due to
increasing amounts of data, larger and more number of data centres are being built. For example,
one of the largest data centre by digital realty occupies 1.1 million ft2 of land and require 53
generators [6]. It is estimated that by 2017 there will be around 8.6 million data centres around the
world and although the numbers might decrease after 2017, the space occupied will increase. Data
centre swill occupy around 1.94 billion ft2 by 2018 [7].
Second and the most important challenge faced by the companies are the amount of energy required
to manage data centres. All the data centres around the world use around 30 billion watts of energy
on average, which is equal to output by 30 nuclear power plants [6]. By 2020 it is expected that, US
datacentres

Nasa Curiosity Mission
The topic of Mars has long been of interest to astronomers and science fiction enthusiast alike. The
premise of another planet supporting life excites people like no other. In 2004, The United States
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, began preliminary science experiments
and instrument proposals for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) and a robotic space probe mission
to Mars. After long testing and development stages, the mission birthed a rover, Curiosity, which
was launched in November 2011 and subsequently landed August 6th 2012. As we speak Curiosity
is collecting invaluable data for our understanding of mars including: habitability, climate and
geology, and possibly setting up a manned mission to mars in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Curiosity rover is an amazing piece of machinery, and it must be to accomplish the objectives
that it plans to. NASA obviously had the greatest minds and engineers on this project as is evident
by its construction. The rover is powered by a radioisotope thermoelectric generator, akin to the
rovers of previous Mars missions. A Radioisotope power system is a generator that produces
electricity from the natural decay of plutonium–238, which is an isotope. Heat given off by the
natural decay of this isotope is converted into electricity by thermocouples, providing Curiosity with
constant power during all seasons and through the day and night. Extra heat given off called waste
heat can be used via pipes to warm systems, freeing electrical power for the operation of the vehicle
and instruments. This is crucial as the temperature on Mars can vary from –127 to 40 degrees C.
Additionally there are two computers in board the rover called the Rover Compute Element. The
computers contain radiation–hardened memory to deal with the extreme amounts of radiation in
space. The rover's computers are constantly self–monitoring to keep the rover operational, such as
by regulating the rover's temperature. Communication is also a vital part of the mission which is
why Curiosity is equipped with telecommunication by several means. The first is an X band
transmitter and receiver that can communicate directly with Earth. Another is a UHF Electra–Lite
software–defined radio

Polyaniline Essay
Much waste heat of low temperature is released and no viable technology exists can produce
electricity from this low energy density heat, so the long sought–after class thermoelectric (TE)
material which directly achieve conversion between thermal and electrical energy obtain many
attention. However, the traditional TE materials are alloys of inorganic materials and expensive, and
most of them have some level of toxicity, so the research about organic TE materials is very
important. The polyaniline (PANI, i.e. one kind of conducting polymer) and PANI matrix
Ge0.94Pb0.01Bi0.05Te composite material were prepared. The chemical structure, microstructure
and TE properties were investigated by FTIR, XRD, SEM and ZEM. Results showed that the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, some inorganic elements have some level of toxicity for the environment follows with
the low natural abundance. Thereby, in the present scenario it is unrealistic to enable a widespread
use of thermoelectric installations forwaste heat recovery.However, organic electronic
materials,especially conducting polymers (i.e. basing on abundant elements, light weight, low–cost
large–area flexible and non–toxic), start to draw attention asmore economical alternatives to
conventional TE materials [19 – 21].
To evaluate the energy conversionefficiency of a TE material, a dimensionless Figure of merit (ZT),
is introduced to quantify the performance of TE materials and is defined as
with: S: Seebeck coefficient, σ: Electrical conductivity, T : Absolute temperature, S2σ: Power factor
andκ : Thermal conductivity.
Good TE materials require ahigh power factor, a high σ and a lowκ, so the polymers are expected to
play an important role in the TE materials because of its low κ.
Conducting polymers are one of the mostly studiednovel materials for thermoelectric
materials.These versatile materials exhibit not only the electricalconductivity of semiconductors but
also the generalbehaviors of polymers. Polyaniline (PANI), oneof the most extensively investigated
conducting polymers,have been

A Letter From Cold Water Catheter
The author would like to express his sincere gratitude to his supervisor Dr. Manish K Tiwari for the
guidance. The motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge of this supervisor encouraged the
author a lot. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Parashkev Nachev for his innovative ideas and
the help in brain model design. Besides, the author's thanks also goes to the friends in the
Nanoengineered Systems Lab: Zhuyang Chen, Feihuang Fang and Dr. Chaoyi Peng for their
encouragement and useful comments. 1 Introduction Focal cerebral cooling (FCC), positioning
cooling devices under the scalp, is a promising cooling method in selective brain cooling. This less–
invasive cooling method was recently drawn attention as a neuroprotective therapy for brain injuries
(Juan Sahuquillo and Anna Vilalta, 2007; Liu et al., 2006) and several nerve diseases (Wagner and
Zuccarello, 2005; Oku et al., 2009). With the development of medical engineering technology, the
cooling device of FCC made a rapid progress from cold–water catheter (Towfighi et al., 1994) to
thermoelectric cooling chip (Fujii et al., 2010). However, in the study of several existing FCC
cooling devices using Peltier chip as the main body (Kida et al., 2012; Nomura et al., 2014; Imoto et
al., 2006), there are still lots of room for improvement to meet clinical use requirements. The aim of
this study was to build an intelligent cooling package, which can reduce the temperature in different
area of the brain with wireless

thermo electric powered car Essay
THERMOELECTRIC POWERED CAR
1. AIM OF THE PROJECT
This concept behind the project is thermoelectric generation that has been known from sometime,
but the practical implementation of this concept is quite difficult. The idea behind this project is to
make a Car that is powered by thermoelectric source, i.e. to build a car that moves with temperature
difference. This concept has not been explored earlier but a lot of research can be done in this
regard. We will be presenting a practically running model of a car driven by a simple heat source
with the help of thermoelectric generator.
2. CONCEPT
The world wastes a lot of heat. Between half and two–thirds of the fuel we burn to create energy is
dissipated as heat into the atmosphere. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, a typical engine producing 100 kilowatts of driveshaft power expels 68 kilowatts of
heat energy through the radiator and 136 kilowatts through the exhaust. The possibilities of where
and how to utilize this lost energy are explored with this project. The solution of recovering heat
energy from the car engine through a thermoelectric generator using peltier plates has been
proposed. This electricity generated through the thermoelectric generator from waste heat of the
engine could be used to charge the car batteries or operate any electrical device within or outside the
car. Also, in other application of this thermoelectric generator that is, Electricity generation from
glaciers / ice is another alternative for electricity generation through other non –renewable resources
of electricity and yet to be explored. The idea behind this project is to utilize a small temperature
difference between the ice / cold water and some atmospheric heat to produce electricity and drive a
car using this electricity by designing an efficient thermoelectric powered car.
4. EFFICIENCY CALCULATION
The efficiency of an ATEG is governed by the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the materials
and the thermal efficiency of the two heat exchangers. The ATEG efficiency can be expressed as:
ζOV = ζCONV х ζHX х ρ
Where:
ζOV

The Cause And Effects Of The Little Ice Age
Little Ice Age "For five centuries, Europe basked in warm, settled weather, with only the occasional
bitter winters, cool summers and memorable storms. Summer after summer passed with long,
dreamy days, golden sunlight and bountiful harvests. Compared with what was to follow, these
centuries were a climatic golden age."(Homewood)The cold weather of these centuries lead to the
growth of Glaciers. Glaciers form when snow stays in the same area year–round, and them becomes
ice. Each year the new layer add to the old ones and it forms a big pile of ice. Eventually the air
pockets get smaller and the ice gets tighter compacted. For most Glaciers take about 100 years to go
through the process.(National Snow) Due to the Cold climate and starvation, the Little Ice age killed
off a huge amount of the Northern Hemisphere between the 13th and 19th centuries. There is no
telling what happened to cause the Little Ice Age. Many scientists have tried to figure this mystery
out. Not all of them agree, but some think what caused the disaster is that the sun started giving off
less heat and that there was an increase in volcanic erupting. Others say that the decrease in
greenhouse gas lead to larger amounts of sea ice. Also, he slow greenhouse gas increase was the
main driver of the sea–ice changes.(Sedláček, Jan and Lawrence)No one knows which one of these
inferences are correct, but with technology getting more sophisticated, future scientist might be able
to solve the mystery of the

Diesel Engine Research Paper
The diesel (internal combustion) engine has been a major source of power for transportation
vehicles and industrial uses. The Australian railways have utilised diesel engines for regional and
freight purposes since the early 1950 's. Despite the extensive history of the diesel engine, the
efficiency of the modern internal combustion process ranges between 35% – 42%.[1] The losses in
energy arise from heat losses and mechanical losses as illustrated in Fig 1.
Figure 1. Schematic of conventional vehicle system model. Only a small percentage of energy is
converted into useful work to power the wheels and other accessory loads.[2]
Figure 1 indicates that a significant amount of energy is lost from the exhaust and coolant systems.
Exhaust temperatures generally range between 400–900°C depending on the application. This
presents a significant opportunity to recover the heat losses from the exhaust to reduce the fuel
consumption. In addition to the advantage gained from the improved fuel consumption, there are
other benefits such as reducing exhaust emissions and increased engine power.
To effectively capture the energy lost from a diesel engine exhaust pressures, the turbocharger was
implemented to boost the power of engine and thereby increasing the fuel efficiency. The majority
of the heat energy from the exhaust and coolant has yet to be captured and utilised. There has been
many challenges to recovering the heat as the low grade heat from the diesel engine cannot be

Ebsilon Professional
EBSILON®Professional The Planning Tool for the Power Plant Process www.steag–
energyservices.com EBSILON®Professional – The Planning Tool for the Power Plant Process
EBSILON®Professional is a simulation system for thermodynamic cycle processes that is used for
plant planning, design and optimization. Maximize the benefits of repowering and retrofitting
measures by simulating them in EBSILON®Professional. Design a performance–optimized plant
for your application scenario by introducing specific parameters into the model. Calculate the effects
of component degradation, various load cases and changes in environmental conditions. Simulate
the operation of newly developed components in a cycle. 2 Precise planning is the basis for a ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
G G G G The component library of EBSILON®Professional contains components both for all
typical power plant processes and for specific applications like desalination plants, solar power
plants, chiller or fuel cell applications. The components are adjusted to the actual performance
behavior by means of parameters and characteristics. The modeling options can be expanded as
required with the help of programmable components. G G G G Logic components: controllers signal
transformers calculation modules efficiency meters etc. G G G G Continuous maintenance and
further development of the component library ensure that at all times the latest technical applications
can be modeled in EBSILON®Professional. G Individual components: Kernel scripting DLL–
programmable component G G 8 Processes in T,s–Diagram Report in MS Excel Display and
Analysis of Results EBSILON®Professional offers numerous ways to display the results of the
simulations. These include text fields and value crosses for displaying the results in the model as
well as the representation of the processes in state diagrams. Export to MS Excel allows to further
process the simulation results easily. G G G G G Value crosses, text and alarm fields in the model
Simulation reports in MS Excel State diagrams: q,T; h,s; h, xi; T,s; log(p),h Convergence and

My Life Be Like ( Ooh Ahh )
As we get off the bus we have the song "My life be like (Ooh Ahh) by Grits," blasting in the
background. Me and the team start walking towards the Clay Kaserne Fitness Center in Wiesbaden,
Germany. As we walk in we see a sign that says "welcome European Championship Qualifiers to the
2017 European Wrestling championships". As I see it, I say "It feels good to be back."
"Yeah, It does Barber," They reply. As we pass through the entrance I stare gaping at the humongous
crowd. The two powerhouses, Stuttgart and Ramstein, are already ready to wrestle.
I tell all of the freshmen "They finished one and two last year, while Stuttgart won its third Straight
title. Ramstein was really close to beating them last year. I think Ramstein ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
" Yeah, but I feel really good right now though. You know what I mean," I respond.
" Yeah, I feel you," he agrees. I grab my wrestling shoes and throw them on so I can start warming
up with the team.
" Let 's go," Evan says to us. We follow him to an empty section of the mat and all eight of us start
warming up. As we run, do barrel rolls, stretch, and run through our warm up series I'm thinking
ahead to my first match in the second round.
" I know this guy is going to throw me with a head–and–arm," I think," I need to see it coming and
do my defense for it." As we finish warming up, we head towards the bleaches and get ready to
wrestle.
In the first round our team does really well going a combined 4–2 in the round. " Alright," Coach
Daly starts, " We had a great first round now we have to build on it."
As the second round comes closer to starting, I head over to the warm–up area and start to get in that
special zone you need to have mental focus. I wasn't having much success getting into that zone, my
stomach felt like it had butterflies in it and I was getting really nervous. I kinda wish that I had just a
practice match to get my nerves out of the way. All of that really showed out on the mat. In the first
period I was taking good shots and I was up 5–1 nearing the end of the period. My opponent won
the coin toss and chose neutral. Right off the whistle I charged in to take a shot and he threw me

SPT SF-609 Portable Evaporative Air Cooler: Best for Hot...
SPT SF–609 Portable Evaporative Air Cooler: Best for Hot and Dry Climate We understand the
need of air conditioning device to supply soothing and cool air within our offices and homes. For the
last few years, people are familiar with central air conditioners yet there are still many who are
skeptical of installing one because it occupies bigger space and brings bucks more to the electric bill
each month not to mention the cost of 1 unit. When you are looking for the same comfort, you
should know that there are various types of cooling appliances in the market. Let's take a look at
SPT SF–609 Portable Air Cooler with Ionizer. The Top Selling SPT SF–609 Portable Evaporative
Air Cooler Based on online consumer reviews rate on top consumer ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Pros: – Unlike portable air conditioners, it does not require much energy thus it doesn't much on
your monthly bill. – It's not noisy and cools a good sized bedroom. – No installation required. You
get it out of the box and simply plug it. It's done. – It functions as expected of an air cooler. The
Cons: It offers soothing effect to ease warm climate yet obviously do not match to the cooling effect
of air conditioners. – During hot climate, the unit cools a smaller area so if you want to enjoy its
cooling benefit, you need to place it somewhere directed to you. Recommendations: – This unit suits
well to areas with low humidity. – It works well for 12 by 12 ft room area. Overall Consumer
Ratings: There are 217 consumer reviews posted to this date at Amazon.com. Overall satisfaction
rating is at 3.2 out of 5 stars. Around 113 consumers gave 4 to 5 stars and the rest gave 1–3 stars.
Who Should Buy It? If you are health conscious, you must have known the benefits of personal

Technology And Environment : Technology
Technology and Environment Technology has become so helpful to our lives in so many ways.
Technology is convenient and efficient. It aids us to live life more conveniently by allowing us to do
more in less effort. It, then, becomes rather difficult to undermine the importance in which
technology plays within our lives. Many people have benefited from the invention of technology
and would most often find it complicated to do without. Year after year, technologies become
reinvented through new ideas and the betterment of equipment and tools. Thus, if an old technology
does not suffice, a new one will easily come in favour shortly after.
Because of the rather innovative current forms of technology, new and advanced technologies are
forming at an impeccable pace. The expressions, "I would die without Internet" or "I could not ever
live without my cell phone" imply that life would be hard to live from the lack of such technologies.
However, such expressions become rather ironic because life is already in harm's way due to
technology itself. The relationship between technology within society and environmental grounds
are problematic. Technology serves as an efficient function to our lives yet can become detrimental
to our health which is demonstrated through Ronald Wright's theory of the progress trap and theories
of environmental degradation (Cameron, par. 5). However, the repair and reversal of a damaged
environment depends largely on technology through means for

The Pros And Cons Of The Seebeck Effect
Energy loss is a problem encountered in every industrial process and everyday technology take
power stations for example. Electricity is generated by heat engines by which gas or steam powered
turbines convert the heat to mechanical energy then into electricity, however 70% of this energy is
lost as heat energy. Similarly in all electronics devices energy is lost through heat.
So we know that electricity creates heat mainly because or electrical devices warm up during its use.
But imagine how useful it would be to generate electricity from this heat created, in other words
using this lost energy which is in the form of heat to generate electricity so eventually you'd be using
every bit of energy to generate electric power. This objective can be reached by applying the
Seebeck Effect.
The seebeck effect is a phenomenon by which a temperature difference between two conductors or
semiconductors of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It all started in 1981 when a German physicist called Thomas Johann Seebeck accidently found that
a compass magnet would deflect when a circuit with two different metals with different temperature
junction. He concluded that that there is an induced electric current in the circuit that deflected the
magnet according to ampere's law. So the voltage that was due to the difference in temperature
drives the current in a closed circuit.
In order To measure this voltage, a second conductor material which generates a different voltage
under the same temperature gradient must be used. Otherwise, if the same material is used for
measurement, the voltage generated by the measuring conductor would simply cancel that of the
first conductor. The voltage difference generated by the two materials can then be measured and
related to the corresponding temperature gradient. It is thus clear that, based on Seebeck's principle;
thermocouples can only measure temperature differences and need a known reference temperature
to yield the absolute

A Report On The Peltier Effect
Report on the Present Investigation
The Peltier–effect has been now known for 180 years. But only recently has it developed more
practical uses. Now it is not only indispensable to send a spaceship to Saturn and to speed up the
central processing unit of your PC. You may even find one in your lunch box! In this module, you
will do simple experiments with a small peltier device. You will find out how the three different
applications of the device are related. You will look at the flows of energy and realize analogies to
quite different engines such as airplane engines and those in Refrigerators. The history of
thermoelectric effects shows how closely related science and technology are. And you will see that
scientific development sometimes goes strange ways. All modern science is quantitative. It is not
enough to know whether a device works "in principle" or if it might solve some practical problems.
One has to show how well it works. Science is also a network of links between different fields, and
this web needs quantitative knots to hold. You will therefore carry out quantitative measurements
with Peltier devices.
The Peltier device is just one specific example of a thermal engine. All of these engines must
comply with Carnot's law. We will check whether this is true or whether we have a perpetual
mobile...
Usually Peltier devices are applied as heat pumps. We will measure it 's efficiency in this mode.
Since the cooling load of most typical battery compartments is not high,

Track: A Short Story
Track is an extremely interesting sport to runners. The amount of thrill during a race beats
everything from a rollercoaster to skydiving. Everything seems irrelevant in a race. The only thing
on a runner's mind during a race is finishing as best as possible. The most important thing to do
going into a race is prepare yourself. You need to warm up, drink a lot of water, and build up
confidence. Warming up can be done however you want, but building confidence for a race can be
difficult, however, it is truly the most important thing. Going into a race assuming you are going to
lose completely ruins your chance at winning. The meet I realized this in was the New York CIty
meet at the armory. "BRING BRING BRING" my alarm clock screamed, warning ... Show more
I was extremely nervous to leave, and was just hoping that something would go wrong. I always get
this way before an important race, but this time was different. Our previous years of running at this
track made the whole experience bad. "You ready Thomas?" my friend Zach asked. "Of course not,
today's gonna suck" I replied. We both remembered the last time we went. "Probably not gonna be
allowed to run the fifty five again, and I hate warming up there." "You don't love warming up next
the the open door bathrooms?" "Dude it smells like crap. Why does the best track have the worst
organization and the worst everything else." I was starting to get a little heated in my rant about the
place. Zach realized this and decided it would be best to go to his class. The problem in the New
York City armory isn't that we aren't allowed to warm up efficiently, but the organization. Every
year our coach puts every sprinter in the fifty five, two hundred, and four hundred meter races. The
issue arises when the meet director calls the fifty five and the four hundred at the same time. Well
almost the same time. They trick you every year by calling the four hundred first and then they call
the fifty five right after everyone is lined up already for the four hundred. My nervousness just
continued to increase as I thought more and more about the troubles I had last

Critical Impacts And Failure Of A Pareto Graph
Then a Pareto graph is plotted Pareto Graph
By Pareto analysis the following are found to be critical problems
1. Breakage of TK stand roller cooling rotary unions
2. Failure of Co–axial and Intermediate gear boxes of TK stands
3. Damage of Gas Cutting Machine capsule
As breakage of TK stand roller cooling rotary unions contribute 54.69% which is maximum among
the three we take this critical problem to solve So, Problem Selected from Pareto Analysis is
3.1.6 Mile Stone Chart: After selecting the problem, we have prepared a Planned Mile Stone Chart
through Brainstorming. The chart is prepared based on site conditions and taken into account the
criticality of the equipment, available resources, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Restriction in the out let is leading to ineffective roller cooling resulting in damage of rollers,
frames, bearings and cassettes. Chokage in Old Rotary Joint
3.2.7 Problem Impacts: The impacts of the above problems are:
1. Bearing Damages: Since there is no water in the rollers the TK stand rollers are heated up these
causes the grease in the bearing to catch fire. The entire grease burns making the bearing dry, thus
bearings get damaged
2. Bloom Bends: As the bearings get damaged the alignment of the TK stand disturbs with respect to
the Radial Part. This creates bloom bending
3. Environment Pollution: Due to bloom bending the blooms will not align to gas cutting machine so
lancing to be done continuously
4. The entire production comes to grinding halt. TK Stand Roller Bearing Gap Bearing Wear out
Bearing Damages Bend Blooms Frame Damages Lancing operations
3.2.8 Flow Diagram: A flow diagram is drawn to describe the problem

Application Of A Temperature Controller
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Background
A temperature controller is an indispensable component when processing transmission in optical
fiber in order to acquire accurate results. The optical IC should be operated in a stable environment,
including temperature, fixed construction and no other external interference. Thus, providing a
constant temperature and steady working environment is priority task for the temperature controller.
The controller mentioned in this thesis is required to realize several functions: maintain the metal
which directly connected to the photonic IC chip at 25°c, and keep this temperature for long hours.
Although this controller is designed for lab use, there are no any power shortage issues for
temperature controller, however due to sustainability, the power supply is expected to be natural
resources.
Further researching is needed on several components to develop the temperature controller and that
will be discussed in the next section. The correct cooler system, microcontroller and LCD are the
major components that need to be selected according to design constraints. The final project will be
low cost and auto–tuning which is an automated process based on the temperature gap. This
controller needs to respond quickly in a short time when temperature is transmitting. Temperature
Sensor for Control System MLX90614 Figure 2. 1: MLX90614 [3]
Unlike most temperature, the MLX90614 is an Infra–Red thermometer which is non–contact

Analysis Of The Movie The Martian
Throughout the movie, "The Martian," the story revolves around the main character, Mark Watney,
who has to survive alone on a Mars by utilizing his skills in botany, as well as other subjects. Mark
faces multiple problems throughout the movie, that make his survival extremly hard. Other than
botany, there were many other sciences used by Watney to survive on Mars. , including physics. An
example of this is when making a battery last longer on the rover, he removes the battery in order to
make the rover lighter, and he removed weight from the shuttle that was used to escape the planet.
Watney uses medical science (when he had to remove the piece of shrapnel and staple his wound.
Other problems included the lack of food, having the HAB (the headquarters for the mission), and
having to travel a large distance in a rover that was meant to only go a short distance. The first
problem he faced was not having enough food to survive until he could be rescued. Luckily, he had
a large amount of food for the crew that was left in the HAB. He calculates how long he could make
the rations last but comes to the conclusion that he will still not have enough food to last him until
the next manned mission to Mars. Mark rationalizes that through his botany skills he might be able
to grow food inside the HAB; he settles on potatoes. . He then uses his human waste, mixed with
water and Martian soil, to make soil suitable for growing potatoes. The next step of growing
potatoes was finding

Air Conditioning Changes
In 1900 there was very little people could do during a hot spell except grumble about the weather or
–if they could afford it –go away to the mountains or the seashore. Today air conditioning has
changed this. With air conditioning has changed this. With air conditioning you can be comfortable
anywhere indoors on even the hottest, stickiest day of the year. You will almost certainly find air
conditioning in the movie theaters you attend, in many of the stores where your family shops, and in
the restaurants where you eat. It may even be in your own home.
What is air conditioning?
You know that air conditioning makes you feel cool. But air conditioning is more than just cooling.
It means keeping the temperature and humidity (moisture content) ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Otherwise people would have to turn their units off and on continually as the temperature become
too cold or hot. A steady temperature–regulating device called thermostat. The thermostat is set at
desired temperature. It then switches the cooling unit on and off as needed.
The air conditioning systems of the future may work by what is known as thermoelectric. A
thermoelectric unit is very small and very quiet. It is made up of tiny "couples," each couple
consisting of a pair of semiconductors and connected in parallel current. These couples produce
cooling at one end and heating at other when direct flows through them. This is called Peatier effect.
When the current is reversed, the cooling and heating effects also reverse. When a way is found to
produce this tiny thermoelectric unit cheaply, they may cool and heat your whole house.
Article Source:

The Little Ice Age and Climate Change Today Essay
The Little Ice Age and Climate Change Today
Roland Ward
ES117–2A–77: Natural Disasters
8 December 2012
Keith Earnshaw
Abstract The little ice age gave us a glimpse as to how climate change can affect our society. This is
especially important today as we stand on the brink of another environmental catastrophe. The
acceleration of greenhouse gas output has irrevocably changed how mankind affects the
environment. The lessons that we can learn from studying the little ice age may lead us to
understanding what we can do stop this process.
Keywords: Climate change, volcanic eruption, global cooling, Maunder minimum
The Little Ice Age and Climate Change Today Few things can give us a glimpse ... Show more
It removes the time needed for adaptation and causes a great loss of life in the process. Globally,
millions due to the direct and indirect influences of the little ice age. Every major death event and
war during this period from the black plague to Napoleon's failed campaign into Russia, the French
revolution, and the Irish potato famine are tied to the little ice age. The little ice age was preceded by
a warmer wetter period that allowed people to become reliant on certain crops and weather patterns
for their survival. Several events occurred within a short period of time to start this cooling period
that lasted 500 years. The warm period called the medieval maximum actually set events in motion.
It is hypothesized that this warm period melted global ice packs, introducing a large volume of fresh
water into the ocean interrupting the thermohaline flow. This stopped warm water from reaching the
northern climates and therefore the atmosphere grew colder because of this. The second
circumstance was the Maunder Minimum. This is a period of dormancy for sunspots. This results in
less radiation reaching earth and less warmth available. The third event was actually a series of
events. Volcanic eruptions started with a regularity of five major eruptions every century. This put a
large amount of ash and water vapor into the atmosphere which in turn reflected the sunlight,
deepening the cooling

Hazardous Chemistry Research Paper
Sophia Zoll
January 22, 2017
Hazardous Chemical Rough Draft
Chemistry 7th INTRO
In 1954, Hinkley, California was a sleepy little town located in the Mojave Desert. People went
about their normal, daily lives without ever suspecting that they were in danger of chemical
poisoning. Little did they know that natural gas compressor station was slowly leaking hexavalent
chromium into the groundwater. Over the course of ten years, hexavalent chromium steadily spread
over the town of Hinkley, unbeknownst to the citizens. The chemical, originally intended to prevent
rust in water towers, was causing health issues in the unsuspecting citizens of Hinkley. For ten
whole years, the leakage of hexavalent chromium was affecting the health and environment ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The chromium [affected] an area of groundwater at least eight miles long and two miles wide"
(California EPA, 2016). Over the course of ten years, the residents of Hinkley were living above this
polluted and contaminated groundwater. Later, "in the 1990s, hundreds of Hinkley residents claimed
illnesses and other damages stemming from the contaminated water" (Zimmerman, 2013).
Hexavalent chromium is a more toxic and dangerous form of the element chromium. Hexavalent
chromium is both an allergen and a carcinogen, depending on individual reactions. Exposure to this
chemical can cause allergic reactions on the skin, and lung cancer and respiratory issues can be
effects of breathing in or consuming hexavalent chromium. Other sublethal effects include irritation
or damage to the skin, nose, eyes, or throat if hexavalent chromium present in a large amount or a
high concentration. In the case of Hinkley, hexavalent chromium was concentrated enough that it
became a health and environmental

An Experimental Study Of Mechanical Engineering Essay
Automotive Thermoelectric Generators
Shubham Kusalkar , Sameer Agrawal Department of Mechanical Engineering, SKNCOE,Sinhgad
Institute,Pune skusalkar1@gmail.com Department of Mechanical Engineering, SKNCOE,Sinhgad
Institute,Pune Sameeragrawal2011@gmail.com
Abstract
Automobiles works on the fuel in which chemical energy is stored. This chemical energy is
converted in mechanical energy by combustion of fuel in engine of cars. But most of energy is
wasted in the exhaust of the automobile hence the efficiency of the vehicle also decreases. By using
this major amount of exhaust energy we can improve the efficiency of vehicle. Experimental study
states that 35% of total heat is wasted in exhaust. Therefore an attempt is made to use this waste for
production of electrical energy to charge the battery used in automobiles that is the unavailable
energy is used to convert into usable energy. This leads to increase the overall efficiency of engine.
Hence an experimental set–up of Thermo–Electric Generator (TEG) consisting thermo–electric
modules is designed to convert this thermal energy to electrical energy. With help of temperature
difference and TEG's electrical energy is produced by accounting working principle of Seebeck and
petlier effect.
Keywords
Exhaust energy recovery,
Waste heat,
Thermoelectric

Finding use in “spacecrafts, pacemakers, underwater...
Finding use in "spacecrafts, pacemakers, underwater systems, electric automobiles, and remote
monitoring systems" (source 6), the atomic battery has existed for over a century and is growing to
benefit our world. The atomic battery generates electricity from a nuclear reaction, utilizing the
radioactive decay of specific elements. The atomic battery is certainly not meant for households or
as a source of common battery use, but rather powerful equipment needing to run for long, extended
periods. Atomic batteries are quite expensive, but can provide an immense amount of energy that
will conduct over an extremely long life period. This paper will explain the basic functioning of an
atomic battery, investigate a brief history of the atomic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now we will discuss a brief history of early atomic battery development.
Henry G. J. Moseley, known for developing the Atomic Number and numerous other contributions
to physics and chemistry, created the first known atomic battery in 1913 with his demonstration of
the beta cell. He experimented with a radioactive isotope of the element radium, and the respective
emissions of beta particles, to form the first atomic battery (source 5). This first crude battery saw
minimal success and effectiveness, and it wasn't until 1954 when the "Radio Corporation of America
(RCA) began studying atomic batteries for the use of small radio receivers and hearing aids" that
atomic batteries became practical and more potential was realized (source 6). Moving forward to the
1980's, inventor Paul Brown developed an atomic battery that was much more powerful than most
thermal batteries out at the time. Brown used the emission of alpha and beta particles in radioactive
materials to create an extremely powerful magnetic field. As discussed before, these alpha and beta
particles contain kinetic energy to help collide atomic particles. The energy produced from this
system was so rapid and immense that controlling the cell was extremely difficult. This proved to be
a towering roadblock for most scientists to continue research for atomic batteries, until Brown was
able to invent an approach to encompass the uncontrollable magnetic fields. "This battery was so
powerful

Implementing Alternate Technologies Improve The Power...
IMPLEMENTING ALTERNATE TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE THE POWER HANDLING
CAPACITY OF ALL Si–MEMS PHASE SHIFTERS
Abstract:–– This proposal paper analyze and suggest the alternate methods to reduce the heat
dissipation and power consumption of MEMS phase shifters while they are being used in the real
time environment i.e., in a closed loop operation. So many advancements in the MEMS technology
make the MEMS production very effective, but still there are some drawbacks in its structure and in
its performance, which pulls the system efficiency to down. Self and mutual inductions are the two
major run time defects which affects the performances of the MEMS devices and increases its power
consumption when there is a physical data link between two blocks. If the proper steps are taken
then, the measurement results can range up to 40dBm at 75 GHz or even more. Hence by using
alternate methods for the communication between the two blocks using PIC 16f778 controller we
can reduce the temperature rise in all Si–phase shifters, which is 20–30 times lesser than the
conventional MEMS phase shifters. Also by implementing this idea we can reduce the fabrication
cost and we can make a great revolution in the field of embedded systems.
Key terms: ––– Microwave, phase shifters, optic fiber, radio frequency micro electro mechanical
systems.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless communication is nowadays widely utilized in many high–performance devices and
remote sensing systems, comprising radar sensors

techniques of waste heat recovery Essay
Techniques of Waste Heat Recovery
Waste heat recovery is being more used more and more often today as it is becoming more effective,
due to increasing energy prices, technological developments and a decrease in equipment costs. Heat
recovery can be classified into three main strategies: recycling energy back into the process,
recovering the energy for other onsite use and using it to generate electricity in combined heat and
power systems. Once the system has been made as efficient as possible before using waste heat
recovery, passive strategies are used. These have no significant input for operation except for
auxiliary equipment such as pumps and fans. The last case is active strategies, which require some
input of energy to upgrade ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is capable of operating at 300ºC with around 70% heat recovery capability. They are used where
cross contamination between gas streams must be prevented in applications such as ovens and steam
boilers.
Run around coil exchangers
These are quite similar in principle to the heat pipe exchanger. The heat from the hot fluid is
transferred to the colder fluid via an intermediate fluid. One coil of this closed loop is installed in
the hot stream; the other in the cold stream and the circulation is maintained by means of a pump.
This application is used when the hot and cold fluids are located far away from each other and not
easily accessible.
Economizers
Used in boiler systems an economizer is used to pre–heat the boiler water or combustion air using
the flue gas, in low to medium temperatures. These are used in domestic cases as well as in large
factories. They can increase the net thermal efficiency of a boiler by up to 15%.
Waste heat recovery boilers
They are ordinary water tube boilers in which the hot exhaust gases pass over a number of parallel
tubes containing water. The water is vaporized in the tubes and collected in a steam drum from
which it is drawn out for use as heating or processing steam.
Shell and tube heat exchangers
If the medium containing waste heat is a liquid or a vapor and is needed to heat another liquid both
paths must be sealed to contain the pressures of the respective fluids. The shell contains the tube

Descriptive Essay On A Volleyball Game
I saw the lightning bolts heading my way, and instinctively moved into the safety zone. The twenty–
four toddlers whizzed by me, making little pitter–patter noises with their feet as they ran laps around
the colorful plastic volleyball courts. Laughing, I observed as the kids made their way back around
to me and the other coaches, racing each other to see who would get there first. "Tired?" I asked,
raising my eyebrows as the two Nicole's sauntered over to me and hung onto my legs. "Never!" they
squealed, breathing hard. As the rest of the children filed in, they all repeated the same answer to my
question, giggling and shrieking with limitless exuberance even as they sank to the ground from
exhaustion. It was moments like these during my time volunteering as a youth volleyball coach that
I realized just how much I was missing as a "grown–up". As the kids began to warm up, I felt a tiny
hand tug on mine. I looked down to see Amelle pulling me towards the ball carts, expectantly
waiting for me to warm up with her. After grabbing a volleyball, she turned to me and asked, "Can
we set?" I nodded yes, and a grin filled her face. She tossed the ball up in the air, extended her arms
with her hands forming a triangle, and pushed the ball perfectly to me. As we set back and forth to
each other, I smiled to myself as I thought to just 3 weeks prior, when I had been entrusted with the
job of teaching her and the other 4–year–olds how to set. Although the youngest group of children
was

Dana Light Car
The Earth is slowly being assassinated, rotted from the inside out and suffocating by the hand of our
own creations. This isn't exactly new information. With Global Warming reaching headline
popularity, and being almost universally accepted, one would think drastic measures are being taken
to help stop the progress or even conceivably revert them. Regrettably, this isn't always the case.
Many people push against the reforms currently needed for considerable, painstaking development.
But not everyone! Dana Light Vehicle, among others, are hard at work producing cars that reduce
the amount of waste heat. Waste heat is the fuel energy that is lost in heat through the exhaust pipe.
The main focus of reducing heat waste is the emissions of CO2. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Fuel is usually consistent of octane, ethyl benzene, Trimethylpentane, toluene, and brutane. The
reactions of 3.51kg of oxygen to one kilogram of fuel causes the production of 1.42kg pf water and
3.09kg of carbon dioxide. Simply written out, it would form an equation similar to
C8H18+O2+CO2+H2O –> CO2+H2O. Dismally, this doesn't work as a proper equation, as one
would find it impossible to balance out. The balanced equation would be closer to C8H18+O2 –>
CO2+H2O. Now that one is able to balance the equation, we'll multiply the carbon dioxide and
water by eight and nine respectively. Now there are too many oxygen on the right side of the
equation (product). We move to the left side of the equation (reactant) and change the O2 to 25/2O2.
Balanced, the equation is C8H18+25/2O2 –> 8CO2+9H2O. In terms of heat through energy, this
equation can be converted to [(8 x –393.5) + 9 x –241.8)] – 250.1. What this means is for each time
the reactant produces the CO2+H2O mixture, –5270kj of energy are produced. Surprisingly enough,
thermoelectric EHRS thrive on this! Thermoelectric generators are made up by thermoelectric
couples. These thermoelectric couples are a pair of p–type and n–type elements. Thermally, they
connect in parallel groups, while electrically that connect in series. Voltage drives a current, when
placed between a heat sink and a heat source, through an electrical circuit. Car manufacturers can
use this technique to stop producing CO2, while still producing the electricity

Optimization And Enhancement Of Hybrid Cooling System
OPTIMIZATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF HYBRID COOLING SYSTEM
Makkala Anil kumar 1, D. Muralidhar Yadav 2, M.Mastanaiah3
1M.Tech Student, 2 Associate Professor, 3 Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
DR.SAMUEL GEORGE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MARKAPURAM–523316, PRAKASAM DIST, ANDHRA PRADESH ABSTRACT
An alternative is to use air as the cooling medium but their performance drops in hot weather
conditions. Maximization of overall efficiency is as vital as the cost and availability of water.
Therefore there is a need to integrate the technologies of air cooled and water cooled condensers.
This paper will focus on parallel condensing where steam from the turbine is ducted in parallel to
both air cooled and water cooled condensers. To optimize the parallel condensing capacities of air
cooled and water cooled condensers considering parameters such as ambient temperature, pressure,
availability of water, fan power, pumping costs.
Keywords: Optimization; Enhancement; Hybrid Cooling System;
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Exhaust steam from the steam turbine is separated into two streams. One stream flows into a water
cooled surface condenser while the other is directed to an air–cooled condenser. The heated cooling
water is cooled as it flows through a cooling tower, where air is forced through the tower by
mechanical or natural draft. Fig .1
Condensate from the water cooled and

Descriptive Essay About A Basketball Game
When we pull up, the Mason City team is already warming up. We get out of the suburban and get
our things out of the back and head to the courts. Mr. Davies meets with the Mason City coach
discussing how many games to play and which players are playing which positions as the team and I
warm up, which goes by fast in the warm weather. When we go and meet the other team I notice that
most of them are as tall as trees, looming over the rest of us. That's bad. Usually tennis players who
are tall are awfully hard to get around. There is one that is my height, but I think the chances I play
him are incredibly slim.
So here we are a bunch of short, mediocre tennis players from some place called Hampton–Dumont
standing to meet these tall players from Mason City. As I start praying as hard as I can the Mason
City coach starts talking about the game. He says it'll be a 10 game pro–set with add. When I hear
that my heart drops and I start dreading how long this game is going to go on, more so because if
you're losing it tends to feel like ages before you get out of that twelve foot fence of tyranny
surrounding the four courts in this prison. When we get into who's playing who and greet each other
I pay attention as to make sure whatever guy is placed with me won't just scoop me up and swallow
me whole. First position is announced and the coaches continue to fire off names, back and forth,
and back and forth, until they until they get to number five, that's me. They announce Mason

Geographical Information System ( Gis )

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Megan Foster

More from Megan Foster (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Geographical Information System ( Gis )