Differing Views On Reconstruction

Differing Views on Reconstruction
By 1866, several distinct positions on Reconstruction emerged. These were divided into three
opposing camps: Conservatives (democrats), Moderates, and Radicals. The Conservatives believed
the South should be readmitted into the Union as soon as possible, but the Radicals and Moderates
believed there should be consequences for succeeding. <br> <br>The question of what those
consequences should be separated Radical from Moderate. The answer to this question was as
related to how important each side believed it was to enfranchise African Americans into this
country (socially, politically, economically, and culturally) as it was in exacting an appropriate
punishment for the treasonous South. Although the two Republican factions disagreed on ... Show
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Richard H. Dana outlined this theory in his 1865 speech when he stated "We have a right to hold the
rebels in the grasp of war until we have obtained whatever the public safety and the public faith
require." This called for a military occupation of the South, however Radicals and Moderates
disagreed on the idea of land confiscation. Moderates believed that if blacks were given equal rights
to whites then they could slowly "pull themselves up by the bootstraps" and gain socioeconomic
equality to whites within several generations. Moderates also believed that giving blacks land would
make them lazy, this they said would lead to blacks not farming. Moreover, they did not believe
blacks deserved the land, because they had not worked for it. Most importantly they believed, that
by confiscating Southern lands and giving them to blacks, this would anger former slaveholders and
thus make Reconstruction more difficult. <br> <br>Both Moderates and Radicals shared the
philosophy of racial egalitarianism. Moderates and Radicals were staunch supporters of the 13th and
14th Amendments. These factions united when they refused to swear in Southern Congressmen in
1868. This was a defiant measure. At the forefront of the push for Johnson 's impeachment were
Radicals and Moderates. The division occurred on the policy of confiscation. Radicals saw it as a
way of giving the newly enfranchised African American land to farm while the Moderates
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Literature Review: The Hormone Theory Of Ageing
Literature Review:
Article Title: The Hormone Theory of Ageing
Article Author: Mark Stibich (Stibich, 2016)
Article web address: http://longevity.about.com/od/researchandmedicine/p/age_hormones.htm
Synopsis of the article:
The endocrine theory proposes that the endocrine system is largely responsible for the ageing
process as it regulates hormones in the body. As humans age chronologically, their systems become
more ineffective leading to changes in the body such as menopause. These changes subsequently
cause biological ageing. The evidence to support this theory was collected by conducting an
experiment on mice in which the pituitary gland (controlling the endocrine system) was removed.
The mice were given the necessary hormones to survive. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Mutations in egg or sperm cells are passed down to offspring. The damage to the other cells in the
body is not passed down but is singular to that individual. Most cells will repair themselves and
correct any mutations. However, over time, the damage which is not corrected accrues leading to the
cells malfunctioning and dying. The Genome Maintenance or Somatic DNA damage Theory
proposes that this accumulated damage speeds up the Ageing process. Evidence to support the
theory was found in a number of different cells taken from elderly subjects. The blood and skin cells
of elderly people were found to have a decline in their capacity to repair damage compared to that of
younger subjects. A study looking at the white blood cells (responsible for immune response) also
found that the DNA damage was approximately 2–4 percent in younger people while older people
had almost six times this value. This result gave evidence to support both the Genome Maintenance
Theory as well as the Immunological Theory of Ageing. Furthermore, a study into Werner's
Syndrome– a disease which causes accelerated ageing– showed that a mutation in the WRN gene
lead to malfunctioning of DNA replication and repair of DNA damage. Cancer is also associated
with the Ageing process and patients

Biological Theory Of Aging Essay
There are many factors that influence the aging process, and there are many theories and sub–
theories that try to explain the complex process of aging. Aging changes the biochemical and the
physiological process. The theory that best aligns with my view of aging is the biological theory
because you can see these changes every day; maybe you see them in yourself, possibly others. Cell
and molecular biologist examine and propose theories to explain the aging process. There are many
biological theories that, in my opinion, do a great job at explaining outcomes and results of aging;
they do so in a way that is understandable, and these theories have much credible research behind it.
There are two main aging theory categories: programmed and error theories. Programmed theory
assert that aging is an essential and innate part of the biology of people, and that aging is
programmed into our body systems; the three main programmed theories are the programmed
senescence theory, the endocrine theory, and the immune theory. These theories explain changes
over time, and these changes cause symptoms and signs of aging.
The programmed senescence theory is about the process in which a cell loses its ability to divide,
grow and function; loss of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The stress theory of aging states that the biological system sustains damage from prolonged
exposure to stress. Studies, conducted by endocrinologist Hans Selye, show that when there is
prolongs stress stress–related hormones are released from the pituitary gland. Having been
prolonged, stress causes high levels of these hormones continue to be released and weaken the
immunity system; the body becomes susceptible to physical symptoms of illness. In a
groundbreaking study that compared mothers of chronically ill children with mothers of healthy
children, it was found that the stress from the chronically ill children was inversely associated with
telomere

Adolescence Is Dialectical Thinking, And Pragmatic...
The ways of thinking Julian might have developed since adolescence is dialectical thinking, or
reflective thinking. Also, the three other ways of thinking is dualistic thinking, relativistic thinking,
and pragmatic thinking. Each of these different ways of thinking are news ways that are developed
during the early adulthood stage of life. Dualistic thinking is normally during the younger stages of
early adulthood in which a person relies on a authority figure to show them the directions between
right and wrong, good and evil. Apart from analyzing, they would rather memorize and duplicate an
authority figures state of mind. Abstract concepts are not as welcomed as actual facts and statistics.
The next way of thinking would be the dialectical way of thinking. For an individual adult, this style
of thinking shifts more towards analytical reasoning in order to obtain knowledge, information, and
the truth from questions and conflicts. This process of reasoning and relishing in contradictory
concepts ultimately aids in the development of moral and intellectual growth. Reflective thinking
involves assessment, analysis, and observation that can be overall essential for success in unforeseen
and complex situations. This way of thinking also develops the effectiveness of the cognitive
process, as well as creating a way to relate new knowledge to previous comprehension. I feel like
this goes most with Julian 's realization because he is able to reflect on his past understanding and

Karl Marx View On Capitalism
Karl Marx was a philosopher who was engaged in economic politics, sociology, and radical politics.
Marx saw the world as two different entities. He saw it as a scuffle between the bourgeoisie and the
proletariats. This is what divided the capitalist society. Marx believed everyone works in some
shape, form, and fashion. The bourgeoisie were the individuals that held the capital and the
proletariats were the wage–laborers. The social aspect would then come in to play. Marx would then
try to figure out how the bourgeoise and the proletariats could thrive in a world that had the poverty
but there was plenty of wealth. Meaning how would the individuals who fell under the proletariat
state be in a poverty class. Capitalism would be the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, we learned in Dr. Tatum's class that Rousseau had a major influence on the French and
American Revolutions. Rousseau seems to explore more on freedom rather than radical politics. In
my opinion, Rousseau would evaluate in the state of nature how man would have their freedom. You
could say that men or man is actually free because he is not forced by state or other individuals.
Another way, man is mentally and spiritually free and is not succumbed to wants or needs of society.
Rousseau thought that a worthy government should be or have freedom for everyone in its social
class. From the Discourse of Inequality "to the possibility of being well governed: in which every
person being equal to his occupation, no one should be obliged to commit to others the functions
with which he was entrusted: a State, in which all the individuals being well known to one another,
neither the secret machinations of vice, nor the modesty of virtue should be able to escape the notice
and judgment of the public" (Discourse of Inequality, Jean–Jacque Rousseau) page1. As I
understand Rousseau's beliefs on this matter or what he writes about in the Discourse of Inequality,
unless you are In a "state of nature" you are not free to do as you please. If you have to have laws or
be governed by man that says you must or will abide by certain standards, then you are not free.
Furthermore, Rousseau also states that human

How Did Gordon Wood Characterize The American Revolution
1. Historians of the American Revolution have disagreed on whether to characterize the revolution
as radical or Conservative. Compare and contrast the arguments of Bernard Bailyn and Gordon
Wood and make and build an argument for which interpretation is most convincing.
Many historians throughout the history of our young nation have debated whether to characterize the
American Revolution as radical or conservative, and the argument still continues to this day. Both
arguments have points that are valid and convincing. The book the radicalism of the American
Revolution written by Gordon wood, and the book the ideological origins of the American
Revolution by Bernard bailyn are two examples of this argument. Gordon wood argues that the
American Revolution was much more than a fight for American independence, but rather a radical
sudden move that not only changed the political ideology of the colonies, but that also had a great
social impact on how people lived and thought of themselves as members of society and where the
entire way of life and society were changed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Many historians such as wood and bailyn debate whether the revolution can be
charachterized as radical and what exactly constitutes a radical revolution. The similarities between
the two end when it comes to the subject of what the origins of the American Revolution were and
what the revolution did to America that made it a radical

Summary: The Shortage Of Skin Cells
As cells age they are unable to multiply to make new cells and they will start to decline in
efficiency. The fewer healthy cells someone has the more signs of aging they will show. For
example, when your skin cells die or get damaged, your skin gets thinner and begins to wrinkle. The
main reasons why cells get damaged are the excess production of free radicals in the inner
mitochondrial membrane, which then leads to the damage of DNA in both the nucleus and the
mitochondria (Weintraub, 2014). This damage to the DNA causes a decline in intercellular
communication, another cause for cell disrepair. However, there are ways to reverse these effects.
These include supplementing your diet with nutrients proven to reduce free radicals and repair
DNA. There is also the potential that one day scientists could remove the damaged mitochondria
from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overall, the decline in mitochondrial function accelerates the aging process due to the increase in
free radical production and the lack of communication between DNA and the mitochondria.
Fundamentally, free radicals are a natural occurrence in cells, however, excess free radicals can
attack DNA. Young cells are able to produce substances called antioxidants to defend organelles, but
with time this process declines in efficiency (Finkel et al., 2016). One of the free radicals produced
in the inner mitochondrial membrane is called superoxide. It is eventually converted into one of the
most damaging forms of free radicals called the hydroxyl radical (Bratic and Larsson, 2013). In
younger cells this free radical would typically get destroyed so that it wouldn't accumulate in the
cell. However, the mitochondria's

Zebrafish Synthesis
Abstract
Oxygen is essential for human life, but an excess of oxygen could easily become toxic and have an
adverse effects on the mammalian brain due to excessive formation of reactive oxygen species,
commonly known as ROS. In previous studies, changes in hippocampal DNA material have been
observed in validated animal models of PTSD (Chertkow–Deutsher, Cohen, Klein, & Ben–Shachar,
2010). These changes in the genome may very well be the underlying cause of long–term traumatic
memories. Previous studies conducted at Texas A&M University – Commerce used zebrafish as a
model for post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), however, the results not only proved that zebrafish
show symptoms of PTSD, but in fact we observed modification in the neural progenitor cells around
the hippocampal area of the zebrafish brain. High concentrations of ROS can be the reason behind
the modification of the neural cells. Therefore, the importance of this study is to investigate the
molecular pathways of ROS in the zebrafish brain. We hypothesize that using an antioxidant, N–
acetyl–L–cysteine (NAC) could reduce the concentrations of trauma induced ROS, which would
ultimately prevent the modifications in the neural progenitor cells in zebrafish.
Introduction
Zebrafish: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2013;90:118–126). Zebrafish are not only cost–efficient, but also easy to house. Therefore, they are
considered ideal species for studying genetic mutations and molecular pathways (Ali S, et
al.2012;228:272–283). Zebrafish are known to be social animals, which is an effective
representation of human nature. Zebrafish also make very good research models to test for long–
term stress disorders since they have the ability to show a wide variety of behavioral changes that
can be observed in human

Personal Statement: Where You Will Be Living
Where would you be living?
As 87 years old I will be living with my dear husband in a condo, where we will receive the visit of
my children and grandchildren. What would be your health and functional status be?
I will be able to perform all my activities of daily living independently, but according to
Immunology theory I will have a cardiovascular disease, which will make take some hypertensive
medication and have a strict diet with a control of my sodium intake. According to the free radical
theory, I will be eating a lot of fruits and vegetable and take some vitamins C and E to reinforce my
natural antioxidant and stabilize the free radical in my body.
Describe health care behaviors you would do (smoking, alcohol, exercise, diet

Liberal and Radical Approaches in Zambia
The main argument of this essay is to compare and contrast the liberal and radical approaches to
social change. Accompanied by practical examples, I will state and re–enforce the theoretical
approach that plausibly explains the prevailing circumstances in Zambia. This essay will begin by
defining briefly what the liberal and radical approaches are; also it will explain what is understood
by the term social change. It is also necessary to point out that I have taken a stand on agreeing that
the liberal approach takes a crediblestance in explaining the prevailing circumstances in Zambia. In
this essay I will explain how this is and compare and contrast it with the radical approach.
Social change refers to an alteration in the social order of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This may be true in its own sense, but not true in explaining the statuses in Zambia. Currently,
Zambia is a capitalist country and in any case capitalism is getting stronger in the country and world
wide. The next stage after capitalism (communism) is not in effect and does not show signs of
dawning in Zambia any time in the near future.
Although I have determined which approach describes situations happening in Zambia, differences
between the radical and liberal approaches should be determined. The main difference is that the
liberal approach advocates for capitalism and freedom were as the radical approach was developed
to eradicate capitalism; this was eminent at a time when capitalism in Europe had developed to a
stage when it created a lot of poverty and suffering to the working class and other inferior classes of
the capitalist system. Also, liberalism or the liberal approach tends to ultimately lead to the
emergence of imperialism were it takes an apologetic stance in imperialism. Imperialism is the
extension of control or authority over foreign areas (countries). In other words it's the suppression of
country A to country B politically, socially and economically; the direct control of one country over
another in many dimensions. The radical approach on the other hand advocates on the emergence of
communism as the ultimate and reasonable outcome. Communism describes a society were conflicts
are not present.

Theories Of Aging
Why do people age? Over the "ages" people have wondered how do we age? Do our genes
determine our lifespan? Does damage to our DNA affect how long we live? There have been many
theories answering that one question and few are right and some still have to be proven. People
aging isn't magical, aging is scientific. Chemistry is behind aging.
The first theory is that we live as long as we do because our genes determine how long we live. This
means that we have a gene that tells our body how long we have to live. If this is true we could
change that gene and live longer than predetermined. For example that gene is a timer that is
counting down, imagine you could add time to the timer prolonging the time left. Different animals
have proven this theory to work. A type of worm can to 300 years old, which could support the first
theory that genes determine your lifespan.
The second theory is that over time our body and DNA receive damage until the point when our
body will not function anymore. This theory states that how long we live ... Show more content on
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The Error Hypothesis refers to the errors, which occur in the chemical reactions in producing DNA,
RNA, or proteins because the metabolic system is not 100% accurate. Cell death is the reason for
unrepaired errors due to insufficient energy or nutrients. The Free Radical Theory refers to
molecules, which have a strong tendency to link to other molecules messing up their functions. They
are produced for metabolism and sometimes produced by accident if oxygen is always present. The
Cross–Linkage Theory states that the aging of living organisms is due to the formation of bridges
between protein molecules in the DNA, which cannot be broken by enzymes that interferes in the
production of RNA by DNA. Can be caused by metabolism. The Brain Hypothesis refers to the
aging is caused by a breakdown in the homeostasis of the

Feminism Is A Conflict Theory
In this essay it will assess to what extent feminism has added to our understanding of society.
Firstly, Feminism is a conflict theory that believes that all religions are instruments set up by men to
oppress women with the set of beliefs and practices. There are many different branches of feminism;
the ones being evaluated are called Liberal, Radical and Marxist feminists. Feminists believe that
society is malestream and not mainstream as people believe. The first main flaw in feminist theory is
the fact that feminists only examine society from the viewpoint of women, they do this because they
believe they are in fact helping fight against the oppression of women but the problem is that they
do not examine the views of many male counterparts and therefore cannot help us completely
understand our society. The main differentiation between the different feminist theories is the way
that the oppression against women is caused. Firstly, Liberal feminist are focused on human and
civil rights and freedom of individuals, to summarise, they believe that all humans should have
equal rights within their society. They believe that society changing itself to help women does not
happen. Liberal feminists believe the status of women changing can become a reality if laws that are
oppressing for women change because it would create more opportunities for women to prove that
they are equal to men. Oakley explains a difference between sex and gender. Oakley believes sex
differences are set

Assess The Role Of A Radical Feminist
Radical feminists claim that patriarchal oppression is direct and personal. Not only does it occur in
the public sphere of work and politics but also in the private sphere of the family, domestic labour
and sexual relationships. Radical feminists refer to these relationships as sexual politics. Radical
feminists therefore focus on the ways in which patriarchal power is exercised through personal
relationships, often through sexual or physical violence or the threat of it. Brownmiller notes that
fear of rape is a powerful deterrent against women going out alone at night.
Radical feminist have come up with three solutions in order for women to be free. These include
separatism, consciousness–raising and political lesbianism. Separatism is where men and women
live apart creating a new culture of female independence, free from patriarchy. Consciousness–
raising is where women share their experiences in women only groups, this way woman can see
what other women face and may have the same problem and this may lead to collective action.
Lastly many radical feminists argue that heterosexual relationships are inevitably oppressive
because they involve 'sleeping with the enemy' and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hartmann sees capitalism and patriarchy as two intertwined systems that form a single entity,
'patriarchal capitalism'. Difference and poststructuralist feminists argue that other feminist theories
are essentialist and disregard differences between women. Difference feminism argues that feminist
theory has claimed a 'false university' for itself – it claimed to be about all women, but in reality was
only about the experiences of white, Western, heterosexual, middle–class women. They argue that
liberal, Marxist and radical feminists are essentialist, and they see all women as the same. However,
they fail to reflect the diversity of women's experiences and they exclude other women and their

Process Essay: The History Of Aging
History of Aging There have been multiple disputes over whether our aging depends on the time our
genes were programed to deteriorate, or whether aging solely depends on different factors that effect
the way we will age over time. A very early theory of aging was from Leslie Orgel in 1963, he
believed that errors in transcription from DNA lead to errors in proteins which build–up over time
and cause more errors in transcription, creating an amplifying loop that eventually kills the cell and
leads to aging (Orgel, 1973). The first idea is that our genes control how long we live, this means
that we have genes that tell us how long we live. Many scientists believe that if you find the gene
that determines our life span, we could possibly alter how long we live. The second idea is based on
a theory that over time we damage our body and our DNA causing us to ... Show more content on
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Telomeres are at the ends of our chromosomes, they shorten with each round of cell division.
Telomere shortening limits stem cell function, regeneration, and organ maintenance, causing aging
to take place. Chronological age is the individuals age based on the day they were born. Oxidative
stress is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body to
counteract or detoxify their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants (Dr. Ananya
Mandal, 2015). Oxidate stress leads to Parkinson's and Alzheimers disease, gene mutations, cancers,
heart disorders, and other organ failures. Glycation is a process where sugar in your blood attaches
to proteins to form advanced glycation end products that are harmful and cause aging. The amount
of glycation a person has determines how resistant their skin will be to wrinkling. Because glycation
causes wrinkles, diabetics are known to age earlier because of their high blood sugar

Feminism : The Quality Of Life For Women
Timothy Truax
October 1, 2014
Traditions of Feminism
There is no one definite conclusion that makes up feminist ideals; it is rather a compilation of
theories set to achieve a common goal, the enhancement of the quality of life for women. Since the
first wave of feminist thought began back in 1835, there have been extensive changes in the
opinions of individual feminists. There have been three main waves of feminist theories each
yielding its own unique opinion on how to achieve their common goal of equality. Out of the three
waves, liberal feminism emerged first, which was a type of gender reform feminism. Secondly came
radical feminism, which was a type of gender resistance feminism. These two traditions of feminism
have their strengths, however liberal feminism would be the one that I most identify with. I believe
that liberal feminists theories are more applicable to the social and economic structure of our
society. Liberal feminism continues to be the least radical of the two different types of traditions.
With that being said, it is because of the traditional nature of liberal feminists that I personally agree
with their ideologies over radical feminism. To explain why I chose liberal feminism over radical
feminism I will go over the two different types in detail and discuss each of their political agendas
for social and economic equality. Radical feminists affirm that our society is structured around a
patriarchy that oppresses women. They affirm that putting an end

Post Revolutionary America By Rosemarie Zagarri
"The story of post–revolutionary America," writes Rosemarie Zagarri, "is the story of how American
women and men sought to define – and ultimately to limit and restrict – the expansive ideals they
had so successfully deployed against Britain." In this excerpt from Revolutionary Backlash, Zagarri
depicts the extreme radicalism of the American Revolution, while also suggesting that there were
some constraints to its extremism. Unlike the normal way of life in European government and
society, Americans desired a nation in which the inherent rights and freedoms of individuals were
recognized and respected. While these rights and freedoms were ultimately achieved, many groups
of people were still left out. Women of all kinds, people of color, ... Show more content on
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Since the concept that only wealthy white men are free individuals was a common idea in European
customs, many people argue that the American Revolution was not radical in terms of Locke's
theory. Despite his inclusion of property within his argument, Locke still contends for the natural
rights of all individuals. He does not include the right to own property with the intentions of
excluding women, colored people, or poor men. Locke's meaning is not that only people with
property have natural rights; instead, he includes the term "property" to claim that individuals of
every race, class, and background have the right to ownership, just as all individuals have the right
to life and liberty. Locke's idea is notably different from the normal concepts about liberty that
encompassed European culture during that time. Therefore, in regards to Locke's theory, the
American Revolution was radical. In addition, the way in which gender roles were altered during the
American Revolution provides evidence of its radicalism. Traditionally, women of any color had no
place within the realms of politics in European culture. Strictly white men of wealth were allowed to
participate in government activities. Zagarri points out that the American Revolution triggered a
continuing argument over the rights of upper class white women in American culture and their

The Four Biological Theories Of Aging
There are many broad theories that aim to explain why and how we age. These theories generally
compete with each other and typically only focus on one or a few aspects of aging. To truly have a
comprehensive aging theory, one must look to multiple theories, both biological and social. For my
theory, components from the free radical, immunological, modernization and continuity theories are
utilized.
Because the body is made up of many interacting systems and processes, it would make sense that
many of the individual biological theories of aging would interlink with one another to create the
aging process. The free radical theory is considered an error or "chance" theory (Madjaroff, 2014;
"Issues in Aging", p.87–88). This means that this theory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the Holy Grail to the fountain of youth, mankind has been fixated with the idea of cheating
death for as long as possible. Now with the advancement of medical technology, the human lifespan
may be extended by a significant degree. If you look only at the personal benefits of longer life, you
would have more leisurely time and more time to spend with the people you care about. But, for
society as a whole, expanding the lifespan may not be the best course of action. There are two ways
you can look at the concept of life extension. Proponents of life extension contests that longer
lifespans give people the opportunity to correct mistakes they have made, develop deeper critical
thinking skills, and decrease their health care costs by postponing the inception of aging ("Longer
life could have a downside – Technology & science – Science – LiveScience – msnbc.com," n.d.).
On the flip side, those against prolonging the lifespan argue that extending life may not be the same
thing as extending a healthy lifespan and that overpopulation and economic strain could

Aging- Living Organisms
Aging is a fundamental truth and an inevitable aspect of every living organism in the world. There
are more than four hundred theories on 'how' and 'why' we age. None of them stands out as a single
winner in explaining everything about 'aging' but in fact, they are all interconnected and together
they explain the possible process of aging. This assignment attempts to explore the research based
avenues which could possibly help Mickey live significantly longer than Minnie, based on the
assumption that Mickey and Minnie inherit the same genetic programme but follow different life
styles. Different authors and researchers define aging differently. Aging has been defined by
Balducci(2007) as a loss of "entropy and fractality." Loss of entropy implies a progressive reduction
in an individual's functional reserve, whereas loss of fractality implies a progressive reduction in the
ability to coordinate different activity and negotiate the environment". Yet another definition which
would encapsulate the wider meaning of the term aging is "aging as a multifaceted phenomenon
associated with decrements in cellular and physiological functions, increases in the incidence of
numerous degenerative diseases and diminished capacity for responding to stress (Beckman and
Ames, 1998). The theories on aging can broadly be classified as programmed and damage based.
While the former argues that the complex process of aging is primarily pre–programmed by genes
and not due to any random or

Antioxidants And Its Effects On Health
Most of us have heard of antioxidants and their flabbergasting health properties. Since the onset of
early scientific findings linking antioxidants to better health the supplement industry has lured
consumers who want a life with fewer health complications and an increase in overall wellness. But
beyond the hype of crunchy granolas, Toms, and antioxidants what should we all know about these
compounds? What do they protect against and how is this accomplished? What is their relation to
aging and disease? Can we trust the fad diet claims or more specifically, those in the supplement
industry? If you are interested in the answer to any of these questions and more just stick around, I
promise your time will be well spent.
In short, antioxidants do exactly what their name implies, i.e., they protect against oxidative stress
and damaged caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) otherwise known as free radicals, but a
foundational knowledge of these ROS is essential to understand the role of antioxidants in body
dynamics. To begin we need to understand what free radicals are and where they come from.
Concisely free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an unequal number of electrons that have
the potential to create chain reactions to further "radicalized" other molecules (this is exactly how
plastics are made) and cause cellular damage, for our discussion it is appropriate to focus solely on
oxygen. Molecular oxygen (O2) accounts for approximately 20 percent of the air we

Essay on Alzheimer's: A Look into the Disease
AD: A Look into the Disease
Background problem Despite being known for over one hundred years the cause of Alzheimer's
disease (AD) is still not completely understood. This terminal disease affects about 800,000 people
in the UK and is expected to greatly increase in number of cases in the coming years. AD has proven
to be an elusive disease to understand; yet it is more important than ever to continue researching AD
in attempt to find a cure for the many people and family members that this disease affects.
Purpose
Since 1907, when Alois Alzheimer characterized AD, many hypotheses and theories have been
developed. However, there has been little progress toward understanding the pathophysiology that
could lead to a cure. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Language problems develop where the patient will have difficulty naming simple objects or
maintaining conversation. A person may also wander as the disease develops. The patient will be in
a previously familiar area, but feel completely lost and not know how to get back home. Reasoning
skills including ability to make decisions and judgments are affected. Eventually the disease
progresses to the brainstem affecting vital functions eventually resulting in death. One hypothesis on
the etiology of AD is the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis. The Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis is based
on the defining characteristics of AD being amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
This hypothesis basically proposes accumulation of amyloid–beta is the first pathological event that
leads to the neurofibrillary tangles and eventually AD. This hypothesis is not universally accepted
because there is no mechanism that proves that amyloid–beta accumulation causes neurofibrillary
tangles. The reason the amyloid–beta cannot be definitively linked to the formation of
neurofibrillary tangles is the lack of evidence to prove whether amyloid–beta is harmful or not.
Recent theories suggest that oligomers of amyloid proteins are the cause of AD. Some other theories
that may lead to or cause AD include: oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction,
Prion/transmission,

Sartre 's Theory Of The Radical Freedom Essay
Discuss Sartre's theory of the 'radical freedom' of consciousness
Jean–Paul Sartre in his book 'Being and Nothingness' provided us with a new interpretation of
freedom consistent with his famous account on existentialism. This is the view that existence
precedes its essence: "In a word, man must create his own essence: it is in throwing himself into the
world, suffering there, struggling there, that he gradually defines himself" (Sartre, 1943), (Onof,
2016). Here, Sartre stated that humans are completely free and that this comes at a cost, as
ultimately, we have the burden of responsibility. Nonetheless, of main consideration, is discussing
Sartre's theory of the 'radical freedom' of consciousness. This view is where he explained that at
every second of decision–making, we have the possibility to modify ourselves, i.e. by participating
in what Sartre calls 'new projects'. But, this view is undermined, as it has the potential to jeopardise
our very existence in the world (Onof, 2016).
In this essay, I will be providing one explanation of what 'freedom' entails for Sartre and this will be
followed by a brief explanation of a contrasting account brought forward by Thomas Hobbes, who
saw freedom as the ability to do whatever one wishes to do. I will then move onto explaining
Sartre's account on free will, of the different views he adopted and expanded on. I will then explain
what makes his explanation on freedom so 'radical'. This will be followed by a discussion of some of

The Wear And Tear Theory: How Aging Changes The Body
The aging process happens to all of us, no exception, ever! [wp_ad_camp_2] There are numerous
physical changes, as well as internal changes the body goes through. The heart, blood cells, bones,
muscles, memory. Everything changes as the body ages, it is the wear and tear of the body over
time. The Wear and Tear Theory was first introduced by Dr. August Weismann, a German biologist
in 1882. Then there are Programmed Theories which is a biological timeline our bodies follow.
Endocrine Theory states change in our hormones control aging and the Immunological Theory
where the immune system will decline over time. Despite the many theory's Science now knows that
the body has a DNA called telomeres and over time with aging these telomeres become brittle. ...
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For others, these genes decrease faster. Caucasian women are found to have skin which ages 10
years faster! The first signs of aging usually begin around the age of 35. Normally the first place
affected is the musculoskeletal system, this system is the muscles, bones, tendons and ligaments.
Antioxidants in the blood become less and increase oxidation (free radicals). This, in turn, leads to
aging, therefore, causing wrinkles. Stress, smoking, illness, alcohol, poor eating habits, busy
lifestyle and what you put on your skin. Can increase free radicals in the body and speed up the
aging process. Free radicals are oxygen–containing molecules, attach themselves to healthy cells
and destroy them. Aging Signs causes of aging Blood cells will clump together, and cause a decline
in oxygen and nutrients from reaching the outer layers of your skin, causing more wrinkles. Arteries
and blood vessels will stiffen, and heart rate slows down. Bones will shrink and can become weaker,
which is why so many older people experience hip fractures. Hair will look dull and become thinner,
eyelashes and eyebrows will look a lot more

Multiple Sclerosis Essay
Multiple Sclerosis
(1) One third of a million Americans suffer from MS and a great percentage of those people are
women. Women account for 73% of MS sufferers. (2) MS usually strikes young adults between the
ages of 20 and 40 years old. (8) There are even some cases of MS being diagnosed in childhood.
Multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects the central nervous system, attacking the brain and the
spinal cord. MS attacks myelin, the fatty material that acts as a protective coating to the body's
nerves. (1) The inflammation of the nerve tissues covering the nerves can affect any part of the
nervous system and varies from person to person. (7) Normal nerve function decreases with the
onset of MS because MS causes scars to form on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, what causes MS? What causes the nerves of the bodies of MS patients to obtain scarring?
Why do people get MS? The cause of MS is not known. But is said not to be hereditary. The body's
immune system usually defends it from bacteria, but in the case of MS the immune system is
attacking the myelin. (1) This attack is adverse to the purpose of the immune system and the cause is
attributed to different theories. The one theory is that there is a virus dormant in the body that may
be a factor in the development of MS and alters the immune system's responsibility. (1)
Then there is the theory that common diseases or STD's trigger MS and this initiates the migration
of white blood cells to enter the brain. Once in the brain these white blood cells activate certain parts
of the immune system and thus the immune system begins to attack the myelin that surrounds the
nerve. (1) There is another theory that the scarring of the myelin of the nerve is caused by oxidation
injury. (3) Oxidation injury is seemingly caused by unstable molecules named free radicals. These
free radicals supposedly take electrons from healthy molecules they find in the myelin. These free
radicals are also said to occur when the body has been exposed to toxic chemicals. (5) Free radicals
are described as punching holes in the cellular walls of our bodies. There is another theory that
researchers of MS present. The

Why Is Karl Marx Considered Radical
Karl Marx and His Radical Views
Karl Marx[i] Karl Marx is among the most important and influential of all modern philosophers who
expressed his ideas on humans in nature. According to the University of Dayton, "the human person
is part of a larger history of life on this planet. Through technology humans have the power to have
an immense effect on that life."[ii] The people of his time found that the impact of the Industrial
Revolution would further man's success within this world and would ensure his success as a species.
Marx was extremely radical in finding that this was a positive impact on humans in nature.
In order to understand why his views were considered radical, it is important to understand his ...
Marx believed the workers were not collecting the benefits of the Industrial Revolution. Marx says
that men are forced to work for natural survival. Marx also suggests that working men only have
time to engage in the basic animalistic tendencies of a quest for survival. He says that man becomes
alienated from nature and other humans as well. Marx is basically saying that man lived day by day,
by day and he has nothing else to really live for.
Marx thought that as the workers grew stronger, they would eventually rebel against the
organization. In doing this, they would create a classless society where everyone would be equal and
all property would be abolished. The basis of Marxism is the conviction that socialism is inevitable.
Marx believed the free enterprise system, or capitalism, was doomed and that socialism was the only
option[iv]. Obviously, this was not a favored philosophy with expanding industrialists,
entrepreneurs, and existing political systems of the mid–nineteenth century [v].
Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto with the German radical, Fredriech Engels,
Fredriech Engels[vi]
who was also Marx's best friend. The Communist Manifesto was a pamphlet written on the eve of
the German Revolution in 1848. In his essay, Marx explains his radical theories on politics and
history. Marx and Engels also examined the positive aspects of capitalism in The Communist
Manifesto. They thought the bourgeoisie had

Prostitution : A Feminist Perspective
Introduction
Prostitution entails the practice of exchanging sex for financial gains or favors in the organization or
the society. Many women are engaged in different forms of prostitution so as to earn money, or get
favors such as promotions at the workplace.
Financial prostitution is a controversial topic that is legal in countries such as the Netherlands, and
illegal in countries like the United States (Robert, 2014). Radical feminism strongly opposes
prostitution because it dehumanizes or degrades the female members of the society. Radical
feminism also criticizes prostitution because it increases the power politics that is played by the
male members of the society. Feminism aims at having the world where women and men have an
equal share of the privileges, authority, and rights that the society provides.
Active Organizations and Individuals
Very many organizations and individuals play an active role in discouraging prostitution in the
American society. Laurie Shrage is a radical feminist who explains that prostitution degrades
females in various forms; for example, female prostitutes are in many cases assaulted by their male
clients (Hubbard, 2012). Other notable feminists who have discourage prostitution activities are
Kethleen Barry, Laura Lederer, and Julie Bindel.
The Breaking Free organization is located in Minnesota. The organization aims at combating the
commercial sex exploitation of the prostitutes. This is through giving direct charges to the girls and
women

The Radical Nature of Social Contract Theorists Essay
Man is increasingly intrigued by human nature and how society functions. Because of this interest,
there is a plethora of concepts surrounding man and his condition. The social contract, an agreement
among individuals where individuals must sacrifice something for protection, is a cornerstone in the
operation of society. Over the years, various social contract theorists have worked to understand the
ties that bind man. Karl Marx, Charles Darwin, and Friedrich Nietzsche, each felt constrained by
their times, and because of this introduced radical concepts surrounding the social contract. Each of
the philosophers' revolutionary concepts challenges power and even though their arguments differ
dramatically Nietzsche can be viewed as the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Marx's view of capitalism, every company works to make a profit, because without
profit there is no reason to exist. He said that labor is a commodity that carries an exchange value to
be traded for something else, but questioned how profit is made if commodities exchange in
equilibrium. His answer was that profit is made when workers are exploited, or work part of the
time without pay. Marx believed that if there were no workers there would be no profit and
ultimately no capitalism. The issue is that human suffering, however, is good for business according
to Marx. People are born into a preexisting system, because the economy forces people into social
relations and roles, and because of this, workers truly felt that they would never become free from
the capitalist class unless they had the ability to produce a living. Marx found this to be unjust and
felt there should be a redistribution of wealth. Marx's attack on capitalism, however, angered the
bourgeois ruling class greatly, and his ideologies caused uproar. Marx was accused of overthrowing
private property and capitalism, and leading the proletariat to rebel. He is noted to have caused
working class upheavals and political revolution. Karl Marx's work was a disturbance to society,
which is why he

The Main Theories of How the Process of Aging Works Essay
The Main Theories of How the Process of Aging Works
This report outlines the main theories of how the process of aging works. Since researchers have not
discovered a universally–accepted theory of aging, the theories discussed are potential explanations
of how we age. The likelihood of each hypothesis is considered roughly equal. The different theories
discussed focus on the workings of different parts of the body, from the molecular level of DNA
mutations and replication, to the organism level of becoming "worn out." Aging is a very complex
and gradual process, and its ongoing operation is present to some degree in all individuals. It is a
journey to the maturity, as well as to the degeneration of the body. Because ... Show more content on
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Since genes on DNA code for specific proteins, mutated genes may produce defective proteins,
which do not work properly. Many proteins can be affected, such as enzymes, proteins comprising
muscle tissue, and a recently discovered type of protein called transcription factors, which bind to
DNA and regulate the individual activities of genes themselves. Physical mutagens are substances
that increase the chance of mutation and include such physical phenomena as x–rays and
radioactivity from radium. The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan are
examples of physical mutagens that caused an increase in the number of cases of leukemia. Certain
chemicals and radiation cause mutations to occur in DNA by giving off high energy particles. These
particles collide with the DNA and knock off atoms of the DNA randomly, damaging it. DNA
consists of sequences of four possible nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine,
paired so that adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine. As cells
repair the damaged DNA, a different DNA base is often substituted. This base–substitution is known
as a point mutation and can cause the production of a defective or damaged protein. Apart from
being caused by radiation or chemicals, mutations also occur spontaneously but at lower rates.
Physicist Leo Szilard and biochemist Denham Harmon proposed that because most

Pros And Cons Of Ageing
What is ageing:
According to the oxford dictionary, ageing is the process of change in the properties of a material
occurring over a period, either spontaneously or through deliberate action.
In biology, the term Senescence is used, which describes biological ageing. Each cell in the human
body experience stress and damage from exogenous and endogenous sources. These cells then
respond, in a manner, which could lead to cell death or cell recovery. This is where ageing comes
into play, where the cells try to recover, but fail in doing so correctly. The remaining cells
subsequently have permanent damage, which hinders them from working at their full potential. This
process continuously happens inside the human body. Aging is also a good ... Show more content on
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This would reduce the need for old age homes. As figure 4.1 shows, with age comes experience.
This means that by raising the life expectancy and health of people, you would also increase the
availability of experienced gathered, that could be shared and utilised.
Cons:
As a person gains years to their life, they experience many heartaches, friends dying or just plainly
tragedies that occurred. This could cause a build up of psychological damage, and tend to make a
person non–functional. Therefore, if a person were to live an extended lifespan, they might not live
it happily. Increasing the average lifespan of people, would also decrease the mortality rate in the
populations, which would only add to the current problem of overcrowding in the world. Ethics
When we look at the ethics behind an extended lifespan, you also need to take a look at the
consequences of these actions. The main ethics are mainly; Will everyone have an equal chance to
an extended lifespan and will there be enough room for the new

Anti-Inflammatory Diets: Free Radicals In The Body
Anti–inflammatory diets are full of antioxidant rich foods, such as berries, dark leafy greens and
citrus fruits, which play a huge role in reducing inflammation, as well as supporting the immune
system and eliminating free radicals.
Free radicals are atoms or molecules that are missing an electron, which make them highly reactive.
Through the process of oxidation, they take electrons from components of our cells, thereby causing
damage to DNA, proteins, and other parts of our cells.
Free radicals in the body are responsible for destroying healthy cells and they lead to degenerative
diseases and premature aging. It is thought that free radicals come from many different substances,
including UV rays, X–rays, pesticides, tobacco smoke, alcohol,

Criminological Theories
A theory is a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something; a theory of crime tries
to explain why certain things are related to criminal behavior. Criminological theory is the
explanation of police, attorneys, judges, prosecutors, correctional personnel, victims, and criminal
behavior in the criminal justice process. Most of what is done in criminal justice is based on
criminological theory. There are three main types of criminological theory: classical and
neoclassical theories, positivist theories, and critical theories.
The first main types of criminological theories are classical and neoclassical theories. Classical
theory is a product of the Enlightenment, based on the belief that people will exercise free will and
are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This theory grew out of positive philosophy and the logic and methodology of experimental science.
Unlike the classical theorists, positivists assume that human behavior is not a matter of free–will,
but determined. They also believe that criminals are fundamentally different than noncriminals, and
that crime is more often than not caused by multiple factors. There are many sub–theories under the
main umbrella of positivist theories, including biological, psychological, and sociological theories.
Biological theories of crime are based on the belief that criminals are physiologically different from
noncriminals; criminals are a distinct type by birth. Psychological theories include intelligence and
crime, which examines the relationship between intelligence and criminality, and psychoanalytic
theories. Sociological theories assume that a criminal's behavior is determined by his or her social
environment and reject the notion of the born

Describe the Basis of Feminist Criminology
The Basis Of Feminist Criminology Feminist criminology was created out of the realization that
criminology from its beginnings focused on the male criminal and the unlawful acts they committed.
When in the fact it could be argued female crime was studied as far back as 1800's, female criminal
activity, its causes and the effects in which it placed on public opinion were often disregarded. Over
the past 20 years, there has been a significantly different approach in how females are being dealt
with inside the criminal justice system. This has been the result of a more broadening law
enforcement effort, stringent medication sentencing laws, and post–conviction limits to reentry that
would greatly influence females. While there seems to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The response to the way women are dealt with, radical scholars agree that women turn to substance
abuse and criminal activity. Marxist women's activist conjecture bridges patriarchy into the elements
of free enterprise when female offenders are sentenced for property or sexual criminal activity.
Socialist feminism strives to create equal roles for women as, child bearers, servants, and
homemakers, so they can assume their licit place in society. Socialist feminism is a two part theory
on the basis that it increases the scope of Marxist's theories and the radical women's activist theory
.The extent of perception in women's activist criminology focuses on merging both society and
private sectors of a woman's livelihood and an end to the financial and the social continual pattern of
a woman's abuse.
2. Do you believe that this philosophy explains the cause of criminal behavior in women? I believe
that this train of thought addresses the cause of criminal behavior in women because many
viewpoints that fall under the umbrella of feminism are given as different causes of criminal conduct
in women .Feminist criminology lacks evidence of a woman's crime. Women's activist theories not
only strive to elucidate criminal wrong doing, exploitation and additionally join together theory with
practice to create more impartial answers for the crime at hand.
1. The victims' rights movement grew out of the

Defining Prostitution Essay
Defining Prostitution
Prostitution is a word which applies to far more circumstances than its' usual legal definition which
is about prohibiting massive "whoring". I have a very simple way of defining prostitution:
Prostitution is when you do something for money that you wouldn't be doing without being paid.
You will find under this definition that there are quite a few whores who are not prostitutes, for they
actually love what they do, and would continue to engage in promiscuous sex even without the
monetary reward. What would be "shocking" to the average person is to realize that the average
person is in fact a prostitute. Most people do the jobs they do only for the money, not because ...
In liberalism feminism, prostitution is conceived of in the contractrarian sense of being a private
business transaction. The liberal contends that a woman is free to enter into contracts. Liberal
feminist believe that personal "rights" should predominate over concerns for the social good. The
liberal feminist wants to free women from oppressive gender roles.
Marxism
Marxist feminism arises out of the doctrines of Karl Marx, whose theory is centered less on the
material aspects of life than on the more broadly defined social one. Prostitution is a form of labor
and therefore has been specifically noted as falling under the designation of a corruption of wage
labor. Marx asserted that prostitution is only a specific expression of the general prostitution of the
laborer. Prostitutes may feel that they are free, but looking at the larger economic picture in Marxist
terms, they are in reality oppressed workers reinforcing an exploitative capitalistic scheme.
Classical Marxism conceives the bourgeois mainly as founded on the unremitting basis of
capitalism: private gain. The rhetoric of commodities pervades the family, as women, lacking access
to the public sphere, are forced to link themselves to men for financial reasons. Accordingly, sex
within capitalist marriage is viewed as a form of prostitution.

Critical Theories Of Criminology
Introduction
In this paper, I will discuss conflict criminology, radical criminology, peacemaking criminology, and
postmodern criminology providing a comparison as well as a contrast to each.
Discussion
There are several theories developing critical theories of criminology, the first discussed in this
paper will be conflict theory (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). The conflict theory is the inequality of
competing groups, moreover, the different social statuses of individuals. This theory compares the
differences in white collar crime to the crime of the blue collar class. White collar crime is mostly
money–related crimes, including embezzlement, committed by the economically elite, conversely,
blue collar crime is considered more violent as well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The structure of this societal hierarchy places a few individuals in the higher ranks of society with
the majority within the lower ranks, the proverbial winners as compared to the losers. This theory
bases crime upon the various class struggles to obtain wealth within an unequal economic
environment. The lower class struggles to obtain the same level of material wealth held by those of
the higher classes creating an extremely competitive environment leading to individuals taking
advantage of the weaker members of society to further their own level of wealth. The radical theory
defines crime as the deprivation of basic human rights, as individuals compete for a portion of
societal wealth in an unequally distributed market they become overly competitive with one another
leading to what is described as senseless violence.
The third theory discussed in this paper is the peacemaking criminology, this theory is a non–violent
approach to change society through the transformations beginning at the individual level (Bohm &
Vogel, 2011). The theorist of peacemaking view suffering as the cause of crime, expressing the need
for a change within society to become for aware of the needs of those less fortunate, moreover,
working together to resolve those issues. This theory views the acts of punishing individuals for
crimes committed as the source for continued criminal acts. A shift from

Plato Of Radical Free Will
I believe that we have radical free will instead of genuine free will because I agree with Sartre that
we choose to react and feel a certain way towards everything. This concept can be easily
demonstrated in real life examples and through first hand experiences of majority of people. Main
problem with genuine free will is that it comes with the ambiguous concept of substance dualism.
On top of that, ideas argued by dualists contain problems that cannot be empirically proven. An
important distinction between genuine free will versus radical free will is that Plato of genuine free
will believes that the human body consists of two materials: the body and soul. He claims that the
soul, or our mind, is independent of the body and thus is not influenced

Radical Feminism Versus Liberal Feminism
Feminist theories are an extension of feminism into theoretical and philosophical discourse. They
aim at understanding of the nature of gender inequality .They in turn examine women's social roles
and life experiences .While in general some provide a critique of social relationships .Most feminist
theories also focus on analysing gender inequality and the promotion of women's rights, interests
and issues .Among such theories are the Liberal feminism and the Radical feminism theories. While
Liberal and Radical feminism both seek to ensure that women have access to resources and human
rights in a gender equal environment they however do not necessarily employ similar methods in
achieving these results. Each has its own distinct reason behind ... Show more content on
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The main perpetrators being male. They identify patriarch as a system of power that organises
society into a complex of relationships based on an assumption of males being the more superior of
the sexes. The end result in such societies is the oppression of women by men .Radical feminists
identify only one solution, to challenge and completely overthrow patriarchy by whatever means
possible .Including opposing standard gender roles. "Whatever they see as male oppression of
women calls for a reordering of society", Wikipedia the internet free dictionary. Liberal feminists
generally work for the eradication of institutional bias and the implication of better laws. They
legally challenge ideas and practices that result in women being seen as second class citizens. They
do not challenge capitalism, patriarchy or any other fundamental structures of society. They
advocate for transformational changes. Liberal feminists wish to achieve gender equality by
working with the system rather than over throwing it , for example liberals do not call for the
abolishment of the marriage institution instead they want the institution to be structured in such a
way that it is not oppressive and imbalanced . In contrast Radicals are extremists and they strongly
believe in a revolutionary change. Radicals on the left wing according to Henslin (1995) believe that
subjugation of women is the most basic and fundamental cause of oppression. Radicals therefore
believe

criminology Essay
This essay is going to discuss the causes of crime and evaluate the theories of criminalisation using
one theory for each of the following themes. The themes are labelling and deviant identity of
criminalisation, theory of delinquency and criminalisation, theory of political economy and
criminalisation, and finally radical theory of criminalisation. This essay will also show some of the
weaknesses of each of the theories used for these themes.
The first theme is labelling and deviant identity theory of criminalisation, one of the main
contributors to this theory was Howard Becker who in 1963 wrote the book "Outsiders" which
provided the foundations of labelling theory. Becker looked at how social groups created deviance
by creating the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sykes and Matza state that there is five contributory factors to the rationalisation process these are "
denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the condemners, and
appeal to the higher loyalties." Denial of responsibility is when a delinquent will blame another
group for his criminal act such as his parents did not give them a good upbringing or his school let
him down, they look at themselves as the victim. Denial of injury is when they rationalise there
action because nobody was hurt, for example vandalism or shoplifting from a large store chain who
they believe can afford the lose. Denial of the victim is when they state that the victim deserved it.
Condemnation of the condemners they blame the other group for there actions and try to deflect
responsibility and appeal to higher loyalties they are fighting for the ethical good. Chambliss and
Snider state that capitalism is the main contributor to delinquency as we strive to achieve personal
wealth and gain an individual who does not achieve this feel justified in delinquent behaviour.
Theory of political economy and criminalisation this looks at how capitalism can shape delinquent
and deviant behaviour. Chambliss argues :
"The heart of the capitalist economic system is the protection of private property, which is, by
definition, the cornerstone upon which capitalist economies function. It is not surprising, then to
find that criminal law reflects this basic

The Influence Of Radical Feminism On Law
Feminist thought has influenced many different arenas of life. One of the most prominent streams is
radical feminism, that seeks to eradicate patriarchy in the United States and implement a system of
law that favors women because of their former state of oppression. Patriarchy, or the oppression of
women by men, is the cornerstone of feminist campaigns. This paper covers three distinctive
influences that radical feminism has had on law in the United States. Radical feminism has
influenced pornography, abortion, and employment law as for the crusade for women's rights. The
regulation of pornography has led to questions on freedom of expression and government
intervention into business. Abortion, one of the most controversial issues, has almost ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The idea of patriarchy is a key concept in the discussion on feminism. Patriarchy, in its most basic
sense is the domination of men over women in every aspect of society, both civil and legal.
Furthermore, an article by Lynne Henderson adequately describes what patriarchy is and its
connection to the legal realm, "Thus, feminists concerned about law often frame the issues in terms
of law's relation to "patriarchy." Although "patriarchy" technically refers to families ruled by a
senior male "patriarch," it more generally refers to systematic domination and subordination of
females by males." Moreover, patriarchy can be seen as a driving force that rallies feminists around
women's rights. Patriarchy is crucial to understanding feminism with its desire for legal reform, and
the elimination of patriarchy. Owen M. Fiss describes the reality of the oppression that radical
feminists believe still exist, "They [feminists] do not condemn discrimination solely because it
entails unfair treatment to some identifiable individuals, but rather because of its role in
subordinating women as a group and thus creating and perpetuating a gender

The Wretched Of The Earth, By Joseph Fanon
In Fanonian philosophy, decolonization is the rational reaction of colonization. So, those who would
classify de–colonizers and their rhetoric "nativists" and "nativism," should refer to the supporting
quote from Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth: "The argument the native chooses has been
furnished by the settler..." (1968: 310). That "the native" "chooses" violence–self–defensive
struggle–as a means toward the goal of "total liberation" should startle no one, least of all
colonialists, capitalists, and those identified with the dominant race, prevailing gender, and the
controlling class of the contemporary imperial "world–system." Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels had
presaged of the impending revolution for many years by the time Fanon developed his books on
revolutionary decolonization. Marx and Engels have set forth in The ... Show more content on
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The cases adopted and reinforced, raised, and shaped by the colonized were and are, to an extent,
produced by the "radical" and "revolutionary" institutions of colonialist and capitalist Europe. One
need read no further than C. L. R. James's authoritative The Black Jacobins to discern that the "first"
successful uprising by communities of African lineage in the contemporary age was impressed by,
and inextricable from, the French Revolution of 1789. But, Fanon urges that "Marxist analysis," or
any alternative "radical" or "revolutionary" idea that does not result out of the precise concrete
historicity (i.e., the life–worlds and life–struggles) of the colonized, should be corrected to
incorporate and serve the demands of their age and actions (1968:

Prevention And The Prevention Of Cancer
In an attempt to keep anyone from wasting their time reading an article that does not apply to them
we need to clearly define the subject of this article. If you are comfortable with waiting for a miracle
drug to cure cancer, expecting that early detection through any number of exams at your physicians '
office followed by chemotherapy in an attempt to kill the now detectable cancer cells, then this
article is not for you. If however, you would prefer to avoid cancer totally by preventing it before it
starts, then please read on.
When addressing nutrition and the prevention of cancer one of the hottest topics in this arena at this
time are antioxidants. The primary reason that antioxidants have received increasing attention is
based on the very nature of cancer cells themselves, how they are started and more importantly how
they can be eliminated before becoming detectable. For most forms of cancer, they get their start
when your cell 's DNA becomes damage in some form. Keep in mind that your body is generating
new cells on a daily basis and that these new cells are being created based on the blue print of how
they should be constructed. That blue print is your DNA. When your DNA has become damaged or
during the creation process of these new cells they come in contact with free radicals they are
damaged. Unchecked that damage begins going through an uncontrolled growth and at some point
this once damaged cells has now become a tumor.
While there is a lot of talk about

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