Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to gd.ppt
Similar to gd.ppt (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
gd.ppt
- 1. The Age of Exploration Europe Encounters the World
- 2. The age of exploration ► Before the age of exploration people believed: ► Earth was flat, ► Sea monsters, ► Europe at centre, ► Boiling sea in south, ► World was smaller.
- 4. Why did explorations happen when they did? ►A variety of factors all came together to make the time period (1450-1700) the “Age of Exploration” ►Some of these factors were agricultural and other resources they wished to have (gold, silver, spices, precious stones, etc.) ►Some were pulls, motivations and things that attracted the Europeans
- 5. What factors were pushing Europeans to explore? ► Decline of Mongol Empire in 1400s made goods from the east harder to get, more expensive ► Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 was a major block to trade
- 6. Ottoman Turks (Muslim) Empire
- 7. What is the easiest way to remember it all? ► The Three G’s: Gold Glory God ► Although a little simplistic, this mnemonic is a great way to remember the main motivations of the European explorers.
- 8. The First G: Gold ► Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking for, but remember that it is really wealth, not just literal gold that explorers were after. ► Europe needed gold (and silver) to fuel the rising banking system ► Europeans also desired spices (Da Gama’s voyage to India made him a 3000% profit!) ► Other natural resources would come to be sold for profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc.) ► This competition will be enhanced by the idea of mercantilism that emerges, the idea that there is only so much wealth in the world, and that to make your kingdom strong you must have more gold and wealth than the other kingdoms
- 9. The second G: Glory ► Just like the first G, Gold, Glory was a relatively new idea in Europe ► Came out of the Renaissance ideal of Humanism, and the focus on individual achievement ► With the rise of the printing press, the idea of gaining fame for one’s actions was more possible ► Also, individual kings wanted glory for their kingdoms, competition spreads The Triumph of Fame, a Flemish tapestry from 1502.
- 10. The third G: God ► As members of a universalizing religion, Europeans had always seen spreading Christianity as a good thing ► Especially after the Reformation, competition will spring up ► Colonization will become a race to convert native peoples to a particular brand of Christianity ► Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most active
- 11. What were the new technologies that enabled explorations? ► The caravel was a new, faster, more maneuverable ship ► Older ships had square sails, caravels had triangular sails (easier to change direction) ► Bilge pump system enabled ship to float higher (less likely to run aground, easier to explore coasts and rivers) ► Compass, astrolabe, maps, sextant and other technologies from Islamic culture all helped make explorations possible
- 12. New Maritime Technology Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Mariner’s Compass Better Maps Sextant
- 15. PORTUGUESE: LEADER IN AGE OF EXPLORATION ►Prince Henry (the Navigator) wanted to find source of African gold, share in the slave trade and start a crusade with the Muslims in Africa—rumor was that Prestor John had built Christian kingdom in Africa ►Established school of navigation at Sagres ►Portuguese will discover Madeira, Azores, Cape Verde and Canary Islands ►First to bring slaves from Africa to Europe in 1441
- 16. Portuguese Exploration cont. ►By 1471 Portuguese in control of West African trade in gold— (Gold Coast) ►1488 Bartholomeu Dias will be the first to round the tip of southern Africa (Cape of Storms) ►Returned to Portugal to report finding route around Africa to King John II—renamed Cape of Storms the Cape of Good Hope
- 17. ►In 1497 Vasco da Gama will be the first to sail around Africa then all the way to India ►Voyage was very profitable—starts the Portuguese Empire in Asia
- 18. SPANISH EXPLORATION ►In 1492 Christopher Columbus (Italian) will be given 3 ships by Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain ►Believed he could sail West to reach the East ►Problems included underestimation of the circumference of the earth and no knowledge of North and South America
- 20. COLUMBUS’ VOYAGE ►Set sail on August 3, 1492 and will reach San Salvador (Bahamas) on October 12, 1492 ►Believed he had reached the East Indies but had “discovered” the West Indies (New World) ►Columbus called the natives Indians (why?)--first Europeans to be introduced to tobacco ►Never found the vast amounts of gold or spices
- 21. PORTUGAL AND SPAIN DISPUTE ► Spain and Portugal disputed each others claims ► Pope Alexander VI settled dispute by drawing up Line of Demarcation ► Treaty of Tordesillas moved line further West which gave Portugal Brazil
- 22. OTHER EXPLORERS ► Pedro Cabral (Portugal) landed in Brazil and claimed area for Portugal ► Amerigo Vespucci (Italian) will say that Columbus had discovered a New World—German mapmakers will name new lands Americas ► Vasco de Balboa will cross the Isthmus of Panama—discover South Seas (Pacific Ocean) ► Juan Ponce de Leon will seek the mythical “Fountain of Youth”—explored Florida
- 23. VOYAGE OF MAGELLAN ►Ferdinand Magellan will be the leader of the voyage that will be the first to circumnavigate the earth ►Renamed the South Sea the Pacific Ocean ►Many sailors suffered from scurvy, a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C ►Encountered islands that he called the Philippines where he gets killed
- 25. SEARCH FOR NORTHWEST PASSAGE ► Other European nations (England, France, Dutch) will ignore Treaty of Tordesillas ► Explorers searching for Northwest Passage an all water route through North America ► John Cabot (Italian) sailing for the English explored the N. American coast from Delaware to Newfoundland (basis for England’s claim to N. America) ► Henry Hudson (English) sailing for the Dutch explored river and bay that bears his name
- 26. The English explorer James Cook was the first European to make contact with Australia, New Zealand,