This paper discusses two articles about the basic elements and characteristics of mobile learning.

1. Presented by Group 4,
• Karwandi
• Mariadi
• Masayu Lely Mutmainnah
Supervised by,
• Eryansyah, S.Pd., M.A., Ph.D.
• Dr. Agus Saripuddin, M.A.

2. 01.
02.

3. According to Low and
O’Connel (2006) mobile
learning increase flexible and
gives freedom feelings to
students.
Lan and Sie described mobile
learning as a kind of learning
model allowing learners to obtain
learning materials anywhere and
anytime using mobile technologies
and the internet.
01.
02.

4. Figure 1 shows basic elements of an effective mobile learning approach.
Mobile
Learning
Learner
Assessment
Environment
Teacher
Content

5.  Learner : Learners at the center in all teaching and learning activities according to new
education approaches. All the other elements serves to the learner.
 Teacher : According to Halis (2002) created a new dimension opposed to traditional
teacher role about information search and use.
Expert Presenter Moderator consultant
Lectures Television Social Media Mobile Technologies
Teacher Role
Technology Development

6.  Content : Content should be decided in
consultation with all stakeholders such as
learners, teachers, parents, etc.
 Environment : Environment must design
properly to obtain positive learning
experiences.
 Assessment : Assessment is a critical
component of the complete m-learning

7.  Spontaneous
 Portable Size of Mobile Tools
 Blended
 Private
 Interactive
 Collaborative Instant Information
Ozdamli & Cavus (2011)

8. Wireless technologies such as laptop
computers, palmtop computers, and
mobile phones are revolutionizing
education and transforming the
traditional classroom based learning and
teaching into anytime and anywhere
education (Cavus and Ibrahim, 2009).
Source:
http://blogkushoken.blogspot.com/2011/03/palmtop-
computer.html

9. Mobile learning tools are small and
portable so the students can use it
everywhere during their learning
activities.
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/oB8BBKvFU1gWGBmF8

10. Blended learning which combines classroom instruction with m-learning,
can maximize the benefits of both face-to-face and online methods
(Bonk & Graham, 2006; Ocak, 2010).
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/5qb5W6oV9bz5uNkM7

11. M-learning is private. It means that
only one learner at a time usually
has access to the mobile tool.
Source: Karwandi’s personal picture

12. Sharples et al. (2005) indicated that the technological layer represents learning as
an engagement with technology, in which tools such as computers and mobile
phones function as interactive agents in the process of coming to know.
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/EQBUBDP4RSSWqHjdA

13. Mobile technologies are support
communication between students and
teachers. So, mobile technologies may
use for collaborative learning activities
in the education.
Source: https://www.google.com/imgres

14.  Usability
 Collaboration
 Context
 Control
 Connectivity
 Mobility
 Blending
 Content
 IT or Technical Support
 Cost
Imtinan, Chang, and Issa (2013)

15. USABILITY
Usability relates to the ease of using mobile devices for learning
purposes in respect to screen size, battery life, size, weight, memory,
processing power, compatible applications and user interface.
COLLABORATION
Collaboration demonstrates the level of communication and
interaction between the learner and the teacher as well as among
other learners.
02
01

16. CONTEXT
Context refers to the physical environment of the learner or
where the learning takes place. Mobile learning presents learners
with a variety of contexts where they can learn and experiment in
real-world situations.
CONTROL
Control refers to the amount of grip a teacher or a learner has on
the learning process for smooth continuity and best outcomes. It
emphasizes the role of the moderator who mediates the learning
process, controls it, and creates the learning environment.
04
03

17. CONNECTIVITY
Connectivity refers to how mobile devices can connect wirelessly
using a variety of cellular and wireless access technologies such as
GPS, EDGE, GPRS, GSM, 3Gs, 4Gs, WiMAX, WiFI, WLAN.
MOBILITY
Mobility refers to the ease of accessing learning material and
collaborating with peers regardless of time and space. Therefore, It
also refers to the flexibility and portability.
06
05

18. BLENDING
Blended learning is a variety of learning approaches with virtual and
physical learning resources combined appropriately.
CONTENT
Content refers to the learning resources for students in a format
compatible with mobile devices. This may include a range of mobile
learning activities such as accessing information remotely, file
sharing, taking photos, recording and playing audio and video files.
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07

19. IT/TECHNICALSUPPORT
Teachers need to have appropriate technical and administrative
support in order to maintain their mobile learning contents. If
they face any problems with accessing, uploading, downloading
mobile learning content, they can call IT or technical support.
COST
Mobile learning design and implementation produce heavy costs for
institutions, and learners may also need to pay for the mobile data
usage.
10
09

20. “In order to get efficient results and the maximum performance
from students using mobile learning in education, each of the
elements of mobile learning should be prepared carefully, and the
mobile learning characteristics should be planned and prepared
with a knowledge of the teaching medium, learning environment
and the learning activities.”.

21. THANKS
Does anyone have
any questions?