2. Let’s begin with a Quiz Question
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A book and a pen together cost Rs 210/-.
If the book costs Rs 200/- more than the
pen, how much does the book cost?
a) Rs 200 b) 205 c) 195 d) 105
3. How do you respond to this?
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Women teachers are
more intelligent than
men teachers.
4. What is it?
01
Why teach it?
02
How to teach it?
03
Tips to teach it
04
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5. What is Critical Thinking?
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‘It’s not that I’m so smart;
it’s just that I stay with problems longer.’
“If I had an hour to solve a problem and my life depended on the answer,
I would spend the first 55 minutes figuring out the proper questions to ask.
For if I knew the proper questions,
I could solve the problem in less than 5 minutes.”
6. What is Critical Thinking?
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Observation
(notice and predict problems and solutions)
Analysis
(understand and interpret data)
Inference
(draw conclusions based on knowledge & experience)
Communication
(share information verbally and non-verbally)
Problem Solving
(identify and troubleshoot solutions)
7. What are Critical Thinking Skills?
Creative
Thinking Skills
Analytical
Thinking Skills
Open
Mindedness
Problem Solving
Skills
Questioning
Skills
Communication
Skills
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9. 5. Decision Making
4. Inference
3. Evaluation
2. Interpretation
1. Analysis
Steps in Critical Thinking Process
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10. To analyze
information
To impartially
evaluate data
To make
objective judgment
To enhance creativity
To improve decision
making
To draw unbiased
conclusions
Why Critical Thinking Skills?
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11. Can Critical Thinking be Taught?
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1. Intelligence
2.Technical Skills
3. Right Attitude
4. Interpersonal Skills
13. A male, religious pujari, age unknown
A male, homosexual doctor, age 46
A female, beautiful mimicry artist, age 30
A male, warrior with a gun, age unknown
A male, valiant chief of a tribe, age unknown
A female, the tribal chief’s pregnant wife, age unknown
A female, university professor, atheist, age 34
Start a New Civilization
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15. Effective Communication
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You are running in a race. You
overtake the second person. What
position are you in?
In the same race, if you overtake the
last person, then you are in what
position?
23. What Questions to Ask?
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1. Clarity
Can you further explain?
Can you cite an example?
Can you provide the specifics?
2. Authenticity
Is that true?
How can we verify it?
Can I see the supporting data?
3. Relevance
How is that related?
Is it relevant here, now?
4. Depth
Does it address the complexity?
Can I have more details?
Has anyone endorsed this view?
5. Range
What are the missing links?
What are the contrary views?
How many have reviewed it?
6. Logic
How is it possible?
Is there a contradiction?
24. Discover what I have in my bag?
Maximum 20 Yes-No Questions
20 Questions Puzzle
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27. 2. Explore new
3. Right company
4. Solve brainteasers
1. Work backward
7. Question source
6. Diverse views
5. Think clearly
8. Picture thinking
Tips to Teach
28. See things you might otherwise ignore
See patterns
Examples:
Proofreading a document
Reconstructing a failure from end to beginning
1. Work Backward
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29. Break out of your comfort zone and expose
yourself to new types of content and new
creators.
Every new author, speaker, or thinker can
something new about the way you think, and
introduce you to new ideas
2. Explore New Content
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30. Be surrounded with thinkers who freely express
their thoughts and share opinions.
Create your environment
Hire or build a team
Seek critical thinkers among peers or outside
3. Be among Critical Thinkers
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32. Avoid rushing and take time to think
Examine evidence before concluding
Creative exercises are good warm-ups
5. Think clearly and quietly
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33. Learn from both sides of a debate
Keep an open mind
Avoid focusing on your own point of view
Learn in detail before taking your stand
6. Promote Diverse Views
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34. Look at sources at a deeper level
Look for doctored views
Sponsored content, biased media, paid news
7. Question the Source
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35. Guess what is happening
Discuss clues and assumptions
Personal experiences influencing conclusions
A boy and a girl shaking hands in front of their
college
8. Picture Thinking
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36. What one skill or action
will you immediately
begin acquiring or implementing
to become a better critical thinker?
Become a Critical Thinker
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What will you begin doing today
to help your students become
better critical thinkers?
38. 1 Getting Started
Icebreaker
Housekeeping Items
The Parking Lot
Workshop Objectives
2 Components of Critical Thinking
Applying Reason
Open Mindedness
Analysis
Logic
Case Study
Review Questions
3 Non-Linear Thinking
Step Out of Your Comfort Zone
Dont Jump to Conclusions
Expect and Initiate Change
Being Ready to Adapt
Case Study
Review Questions
4 Logical Thinking
Ask the Right Questions
Organize the Data
Evaluate the Information
Draw Conclusions
Case Study
Review Questions
5 Critical Thinkers (I)
Active Listening
Be Curious
Be Disciplined
Be Humble
Case Study
Review Questions
6 Critical Thinkers (II)
• Seeing the Big Picture
Objectivity
Using Your Emotions
Being Self-Aware
Case Study
Review Questions
7 Evaluate Information
• Making Assumptions
Watch out for Bias
Ask Clarifying Questions
SWOT Analysis
Case Study
Review Questions
8 Benefits of Critical thinking
Being More Persuasive
Better Communication
Better Problem Solving
Increased Emotional Intelligence
Case Study
Review Questions
9 Changing Your Perspective
Limitations of Your Point of View
Considering Others Viewpoint
Influences on Bias
When New Information Arrives
Case Study
Review Questions
10 Problem Solving
Identify Inconsistencies
Trust Your Instincts
Asking Why?
Evaluate the Solution(s)
Case Study
Module Ten: Review Questions
11 Putting It All Together
Retaining Your New Skills
Reflect and Learn From Mistakes
Always Ask Questions
Practicing Critical Thinking
Case Study
Review Questions
12 Wrapping Up
Words from the Wise
Review of Parking Lot
Lessons Learned
Completion of Action Plans and Evaluations
Course on Critical Thinking
Editor's Notes
Changing colleges to embrace both methods and a culture of critical thinking does not require overhauling education, eliminating courses or even asking professors to sacrifice approaches they have developed and used successfully. It simply involves adding new tools to their arsenal that allow them to accomplish what they already wholeheartedly support: helping students develop the skills needed to think critically about the world.
Non critical thinker
See a limited number of perspectives (sometimes just one)
• Take the first approach that occurs to them
• Judge quickly—maybe too quickly and not critically
• Fail to listen actively
• Think their ideas are the best--all others are less
• Resist change
• Think in stereotypes
• Deceive themselves often
Einstein is sometimes credited with saying, "if you can't explain it to a 6-year-old, you don't understand it yourself," though the exact attribution is in question. The point of the quote, regardless of who said it, is relevant; being able to explain an abstract concept in simple terms is both an indication that you have a full understanding of a problem and a way to see it in a new light. Try talking to a 6-year-old about the issue (real or imaginary). You'll quickly discover elements of the subject you don't fully understand, and may start thinking about the problem in a new way.
Critical thinking is about knowing how to think, not what to think
Firstly, there is no single, commonly agreed definition of the term ‘critical thinking’.
These are known as the higher-order thinking skills - skills that require us to think in a deeper, more complex manner.
If you are familiar with Bloom’s taxonomy, think of the upper levels of the hierarchy - analyze, evaluate, create. We could also add infer to this list of critical thinking skills.
Put simply, critical thinking requires us to engage in an objective analysis of a topic and evaluate the available information in order to form a judgment.
Critical thinking demands a systematic approach to evaluating new information. It encourages us to question and reflect on our own knowledge and how we arrive at the opinions we have and make the decisions we make.
Critical thinking is about knowing how to think, not what to think
Firstly, there is no single, commonly agreed definition of the term ‘critical thinking’.
These are known as the higher-order thinking skills - skills that require us to think in a deeper, more complex manner.
If you are familiar with Bloom’s taxonomy, think of the upper levels of the hierarchy - analyze, evaluate, create. We could also add infer to this list of critical thinking skills.
Put simply, critical thinking requires us to engage in an objective analysis of a topic and evaluate the available information in order to form a judgment.
Critical thinking demands a systematic approach to evaluating new information. It encourages us to question and reflect on our own knowledge and how we arrive at the opinions we have and make the decisions we make.
Critical thinking is about knowing how to think, not what to think
Firstly, there is no single, commonly agreed definition of the term ‘critical thinking’.
These are known as the higher-order thinking skills - skills that require us to think in a deeper, more complex manner.
If you are familiar with Bloom’s taxonomy, think of the upper levels of the hierarchy - analyze, evaluate, create. We could also add infer to this list of critical thinking skills.
Put simply, critical thinking requires us to engage in an objective analysis of a topic and evaluate the available information in order to form a judgment.
Critical thinking demands a systematic approach to evaluating new information. It encourages us to question and reflect on our own knowledge and how we arrive at the opinions we have and make the decisions we make.
Analysis – thinking about a topic or issue objectively and critically. This could start with clarifying the issue. For example, the issue of climate change is about sustainability and future generations.
Interpretation/reflection – by identifying and reflecting on the different arguments relating to an issue. In our example, this includes identifying and reflecting on the arguments presented by the man-made climate change advocates and those supporting ‘natural’ climate change.
Evaluation – critically evaluating how strong and valid are different points of view, including any weaknesses or negative aspects in the evidence or argument.
Inference – considering the implications there might be behind a statement or argument. For example, considering the ramifications a decision will have for yourself and others.
Problem solving and decision making – giving structured reasoning and support for your choice.
The importance of critical thinking is more obvious than ever in a world where fake news, scams and hoaxes are part of everyday life.
Skills for thinking deeply about issues they will encounter in their relationships, work and culture.
Employers want staff who can solve problems, make decisions and take appropriate action.
Research indicates that critical thinkers experience fewer negative life events, such as racking up credit card debt or getting arrested for drink driving.
to make rational decisions on what to believe or what course of action to take.
to filter the wheat from the chaff, intellectually speaking
to eliminate dubious data to leave only the strongest, most reliable information
to avoid manipulation or becoming enslaved by our feelings
in-demand by employers
critical thinking will ensure students will be able to adapt to whatever shapes the workplace of the future will take.
It is not a set of skills that can be deployed at any time, in any context. It is a type of thought that even 3-year-olds can engage in — and even trained scientists can fail in. And it is very much dependent on domain knowledge and practice.
Thought processes are intertwined with what is being thought about.
Teaching critical thinking is best done within a specific context. For example, in history, students need to learn the skills for evaluating documents by considering their historical context, intended purpose and audience, and how they compare to other documents. This approach would be pointless in science, where critical thinking is applied by conducting experiments and following the scientific method.
Being able to properly analyze information is the most important aspect of critical thinking. This implies gathering information and interpreting it, but also skeptically evaluating data. When researching a work topic, analytical thinking helps you separate the information that applies to your situation from that which doesn’t.
Which five will you take and which three will you discard?
Whether you use it for gathering information or convincing others that your conclusions are correct, good communication is crucial in the critical thinking process. Getting people to share their ideas and information with you and showing your critical thinking are components of success. If you’re making a work-related decision, proper communication with your coworkers will help you gather the information you need to make the right choice.
Being able to discover certain patterns of information and make abstract connections between seemingly unrelated data will improve your critical thinking. When analyzing a work procedure or process, you can creatively come up with ways to make it faster and more efficient. Creativity is a skill that can be strengthened over time and is valuable in every position, experience level and industry.
Previous education and life experiences leave their mark on a person’s ability to objectively evaluate certain situations. By acknowledging these biases, you can improve your critical thinking and overall decision process. For example, if you plan to conduct a meeting in a certain way and your partner suggests using a different strategy, you could hear them out and adjust your approach based on their input.
6, 12 , 9
The ability to correctly analyze a problem and work on implementing a solution is another valuable skill. For example, if your restaurant’s waitstaff needs to improve service speeds, you could consider reassigning some of their duties to bussers or other kitchen personnel so the servers can deliver food more quickly.
It forces you to analyze things objectively, filtering out your biases, and allowing you to see things from different perspectives, which can improve your creativity. Whether you're trying to brainstorm a new idea, creatively solve an existing problem, or just analyze how and why something went wrong, critical thinking can lead you to better resolutions.
Touch only ONE glass to leave wine in glasses 2 and 4.
Asking the right questions is a crucial step in formulating correct conclusions.
Asking open-ended questions can help the person you’re speaking to provide you with relevant and necessary information. These are questions that don’t allow a simple “yes” or “no” answer, requiring the person who receives the question to elaborate on the answer.
Outcome-based questions
When you feel like another person’s experience and skills could help you work more effectively, consider asking outcome-based questions. Asking someone how they would act in a certain hypothetical situation will give you an insight into their own critical thinking skills and help you see things you hadn’t thought about before.
Reflective questions
You can gain insight by asking a person to reflect and evaluate an experience and explain their thought processes during that time. This can help you develop your critical thinking by providing you real-world examples.
Structural questions
An easy way to understand something is to ask how something works. Any working system results from a long process of trial and error and properly understanding the steps that needed to be taken for a positive result could help you be more efficient in your own endeavors.
they are different things. In fact, you might know some highly intelligent people who make foolhardy choices thanks to a lack of critical thinking.
There are clear advantages to being intelligent, such as the ability to get good grades and be successful at school and work. However, intelligence doesn’t predict other important life outcomes, such as wellbeing or life satisfaction.
Critical thinking, however, has been linked with wellness and longevity. As mentioned earlier, this study indicated that critical thinking more strongly predicted life events than intelligence. This is good news, because while intelligence is significantly determined by genetics, critical thinking can be taught. So even if your child is far from being a straight-A student, they can learn the skills to think through problems and make wise decisions.