Fire Officer Competencies

Fire Officer Competencies
Evaluating people, products, and incidents; is a constant for myself as a Captain in the fire department and adjunct faculty for the fire academy at
Austin Community College. As a Captain in the Waco Fire Department my job duties span many areas of the department, including station
management, investigating accidents, training, evaluating products, and quality control for incident reports. Instructing for a fire academy at a
community college, I evaluate cadets during instruction to ensure they are meeting the standards of the curriculum. Functioning as a field training
officer for engineers promoting to lieutenant, I evaluate them candidates as they perform the job functions of a lieutenant. Routine functions on
administrative aspects of the job and how they manage emergency incidents. A checklist is used to guide the FTOs as they work with the candidates.
Items on the list include: work orders for the station and apparatus, time sheet coding, evaluations on firefighters, ... Show more content on
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Forty hours that remain is devoted towards manipulative skills and the students spend most of this time in SCBA. Per TCFP, the skills are broken into
instructional skills and testable skills. Instructional skills must be covered during the teaching period and testable skills that they could assign when the
students take their state test. During manipulative skills, the cadets are expected to perform all of the functions of a firefighter. On the first day of skills
this is when we find most cadets who have claustrophobia issues, when they first wear them SCBA facepiece. The second most common time is when
they first operate in darkness. Upon finding students with claustrophobia issues, I give them one on one instruction so they do not lose
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Volunteer Fire Fighter Dies While Lost in Residential...
Volunteer Fire Fighter Dies While Lost in Residential Structure Fire
Explain the issues that lead to his fatality ––– During the month of October, 2008 we lost another fire fighter in a residential structure fire. The Victim
was a 24 Y/O male fire fighter from Alabama who had been a volunteer with the department for two years. The firefighter training seemed to be
standard for a new volunteer in the area which he served. As always it is tragic to lose a fire fighter and as always we try to learn from it. The NIOSH
report is always written with great detail of their findings, so as we start to learn more about what happened we can get our facts straight, and hopefully
make the changes so it does not happen again. The NIOSH investigators report did conclude some of the factors could have been avoided. With this
case the NIOSH report was able put together a pretty lengthy list of what could have been different.
NIOSH found the following (2009) Ensure that fire fighters receive essential training consistent with national consensus standards on structural
firefighting before being allowed to operate at a fire incident, develop, implement, and enforce written standard operating procedures (SOPs) for
fireground operations, ensure that fire fighters are trained to follow the two–in/two–out rule and maintain crew integrity at all times, ensure that
adequate numbers of apparatus and fire fighters are on scene before initiating an offensive fire attack in a

Preventing Death Or Injury Among Citizens
Preventing death or injury among citizens putting out fires and preventing structural damage is firefighting. Serving not as only emergency medical
services Fire fighters fight fires as well. Acting as out of hospital care services, and provideing medical transportation to people with illness, disease ,
hurt or in distress so they dont have to transport themselves to a medical center is The Emergency Medical Services.provideing treatment to those who
need attention or those in need of medical care is the goal of EMS responders. Properly trained after years of experience firefighters are trained in
specialized areas of expertise and general firefighting techniques, those are some requirments in being a properly trained firefighter, ... Show more
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Firefighting is one of 3 main emergency services. They have become well known in wild lands, urban areas and aboard ships.The many types of
firefighters include the following, Wild land firefighters, aircraft firefighters, structural firefighters and lastly aboard ship firfighters.Firefighters belong
to a category of men and women whose career is to protect us from fires, provide education, respond to medical emergencies, and extinguish fires.
Sometimes firefighters cross path in the line of duty, but most stay in the area of specialty that there specialized units. The most recognized group of
firefighters is structural fire fighters. These firefighters are located in your neighbor hood that mainly responds to residential fires, medical emergencies,
and commercial structures in the city, urban areas or your town. The structural firefighters are divided into small companies of roughly 3–5
people/responders, each company uses apparatus to carry water to the fire and a ladder to fight high rise forest fires and high rise commercial fires. The
companies that staff a fire truck that carries water, water pump, and hose are classified as engine companies. And the companies that staff the fire

Essay On Unmanned System
This application project will show that an unmanned system is well suited to assist in clean up of aircraft crash sites, most notably when dealing with
carbon fiber. Why is this an issue? Carbon fiber is being used more and more in aircraft makeup. Not just certain parts of aircraft, but at time the entire
aircraft are constructed of carbon fiber. The United States military currently operates several different types of aircraft that constructed of carbon fiber
components. Two aircraft platforms that most people know are the MQ–1 Predator and MQ–9 Reaper are constructed entirely of carbon fiber
composites ("Structural Maintainers," 2016). More and more newer civilian aircraft are beginning to utilize carbon fiber for different aircraft ... Show
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What this does is keeps the dust particles from bonded to the wreckage and in the air creating a breathing hazard (Gandhi & Lyon, 1998). Responders
that perform this duty must wear full–face respirator with dual cartridge filters, hooded Tyvek suit with booties, leather gloves with inner rubber gloves,
and steel toed boots. From personal experience this is very uncomfortable to wear and will be drenched with sweat in little time even in cooler weather.
Once all carbon fiber is properly sprayed down then the respirator and Tyvek suit can be removed. My thought is why couldn't a robot perform some of
these tasks to keep human risk at a minimum? For this report will only focus on responders to crash site after the fire is extinguished. The obvious need
for a robot in this scenario is health of humans. With cameras and sensors attached to a robot an operator could guide the robot around the crash site
evaluating presence of carbon fiber dust particles in the air as well as inspecting the crash site of damaged and exposed pieces of carbon fiber. Armed
with a sprayer and reservoir containing polyacrylic acid the robot can also spray down pieces of the crashed aircraft to make it safer for a team to start
inspecting the crash for the safety board as well as begin cleanup. This robot will be a ground–based robot and feel could base design on robots used for
explosive ordinance disposal. Something similar in design to the Micro Tactical

Firefighting Career
Firefighting is an excellent job to have as a career. Not all firefighters select the profession as a career. Most are members of volunteer departments,
totaling 69% of the firefighter population. The rest have earned a career with paid departments. Being a firefighter myself, I know what the profession
entails. Firefighting is filled with brotherhood, physical fitness, risk, and achievement.
The comradery with the men and women in the fire service is very unique. Everyone serving is considered a brother or a sister to another firefighter.
This family will accomplish anything it takes to save another member of the service. For example, a firefighter becomes pinned under a burning roof
rafter. The panic of the situation causes the downed firefighter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This profession often entails heavy lifting of hose, tools, gear, and people. Basic firefighting gear without accessories weighs about 45 pounds. With
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus, radios, tools, thermal imaging cameras, and flashlights the weight of gear totals to about 77 pounds. If a physically
unfit person weighs 190 pounds, the added weight will substantially decrease the amount of time the firefighter can work. Being in this line of work
will help anyone increase physical fitness remarkably. During sedentary hours, career departments often spend time doing physical activities and
obstacle courses. As a result of physical capacity increasing, the mental capacity will increase with it. When the firefighter is physically fit, that
firefighter will exponentially gain confidence.
One can argue that the fire service is too risky for people to join. Often times, firefighters go in IDLH atmospheres. Immediate Danger to Life and
Health environments can entail burning structures, gas filled structures, downed power lines, and car accidents. As a result of operating in these
stressful environments, the heart rates of firefighters are very high to their maximum heart rate for prolonged periods of times. Thus, heart attacks are
the number one killer of firefighters. The extreme heat, physical activity, and weight creates a perfect storm for cardiac

Catalase Enzyme Activity Analysis
The catalase enzyme is so critical to our health that it is found in nearly every living organism on the planet that is exposed to oxygen. This antioxidant
enzyme can catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is a by–product of cell metabolism, which serves
some useful functions including healthy immune response. (Group, 2013) Catalase has one of the highest rates of turnover when compared to all other
enzymes. In other words, one catalase enzyme can change 40 million molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen in just one second. In fact,
catalase enzymes act to protect our cells, counteracting and balancing the continual production of hydrogen peroxide. Because of its undeniable,
scientifically–proven ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research scientists from the University of Washington in Seattle conducted a lab study on rats and the augmentation of natural catalase in their bodies.
By supplementing with increased catalase, the life span of these laboratory rats increased by almost 20%. This is the equivalent of nearly 25 human
years. (Group, 2013) Dr. David Sinclair of Harvard Medical School stated in The Scientist Magazine that there is a direct link between the catalase
enzyme, free radical damage and extending our life span. This also suggests that the catalase enzyme may help ward off degenerative diseases.
Similarly, studies done in Russia and Spain also show a correlation between these types of enzymes and the prolongation of life. In 2005, Spanish
scientists found that very high servings of apple polyphenols boosted the gene expression of natural catalase in the body. Studies from China on apple
polyphenol also confirmed significantly increased catalase. (Group, 2013)
The production and purification of catalase enzyme is economical and cost effective. There are many health benefits associated with catalase including
reduced fat, increased life span and the reduction of grey hair. As hydrogen Peroxide is dangerous in the human body, catalase eliminates H_2 0_2.
Overall, I recommend that catalase is produced by

Scuba Snorkeling : Scuba Diving
What is Scuba Diving? Scuba Diving is defined as swimming and breathing below water. Scuba stands for Self–Contained Underwater Breathing
Apparatus.1 Scuba makes it possible for one to explore the amazing sights of the underwater world. Divers can remain underwater by using a cylinder
of air to breathe. It is practiced recreationally all around the world and can even be a profession. Scuba divers enroll in courses through an organization,
such as PADI.
What is PADI? PADI stands for Professional Association of Diving Instructors. It is the world's leading diver training organization. More than 23
million certifications have been issued around the world. PADI diver courses can be found nearly anywhere. Translations of PADI materials are
available in 26 languages.2 This organization provides instructors that help those interested in scuba diving to learn.
How to become a diver? PADI offers two ways to get involved with scuba diving, Discover Scuba and becoming an Open Water Certified Diver.
Discover Scuba is available for those who want to try scuba diving, but are not yet ready to dive into a certification course. Discover Scuba is offered in
either a pool, off a beach or from a dive boat. Basic skills and safety guidelines are learned before one tries Discover Scuba. If the program is enjoyable,
a student may proceed to the next step, which is becoming an Open Water Certified Diver. First, lessons will be taken either in a classroom or online to
comprehend

Grace Gutzkow Research Paper
According to Morrison County Record, on an awful Saturday the local machine shop burned down to the ground. One good thing came from this
disaster, a firefighter is being recognized for her quick actions. Grace Gutzkow reacted fast and saved a man's life. Grace grew up in the small town of
Royalton, Minnesota. She always wanted to become a firefighter for as long as she could remember. She volunteered for the Royalton Fire Department
as much as possible. Her father has been an inspiration since he was a firefighter on the department for many years. This interest in firefighting helped
Grace out on one eventful Saturday. This day started out as any other day for the people at the 1st Street Machine Shop. Around 9:30 A.M. one of the
machines exploded, due to a wiring issue. The employees did their best to evacuate the building, but when they took a head count, one person was
missing. John Smith was working in the back office and could not make it to an exit. Meanwhile, the fire department was dispatched, and Grace´s truck
was the first on scene. The chief started delegating jobs, and Grace was told to get ready to head in. She grabbed her Self ... Show more content on
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She started making her way through the smoke and the flames. Over the radios it could be heard that no one had found John yet, and the chief was
starting to get nervous. The reason he was nervous was because the smoke was turning a deep black color, meaning there was a chance for a flashover –
which is the point when the fire that was contained starts rapidly consuming everything in its path. The chief said over the radio that everyone had 60
seconds then, everyone would have to evacuate the building. If they did not, they would risk more people's lives. Grace made her way through the
building, finally reaching the back office. John was still in the there; the only problem was that a beam from the ceiling had fallen and pinned him to the

Standards Of Conduct On Customer Location
Standards of Conduct on Customer Location.
The Standards of Conduct, in this section are that of the Parent Company, EHSS, LLC's contractual agreement with the Client/Customer. Although
some of the areas covered in this section are repetitive of EMS policy, we have included some of the common core policies that apply to the Oil and
Gas Industry in general.
5.1 Purpose
EMS, LLC employs a diverse group of Independent Contracted Consultants who provide specific labor or service functions necessary to the Customers
Field Operations.
The purpose is to ensure that our Contracted Consultants understand the environmental, health and safety requirements as they apply to the general
scope of the Contracted Consultants work. Our customers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Key Contracted Consultants Responsibilities include:
Comply with federal, state, and local environmental, health, and safety regulations.
Promptly notify your supervisor of any observed site hazards or adverse environmental, health, and safety conditions.
Immediately report injury or adverse environmental, health, and safety to your supervisor.
Maintain complete and accurate records of all injuries/incidents as required by law and provide records to your supervisor.
Promptly correct any non–compliance issue when notified by the customer
Ensure that personnel and visitors have and use the proper personal protective equipment while on the job.
5.3 Customer Procedure Requirements
Because the customer has various contractors that require skills and expertise that are not typically found in their workforce, the customer must rely on
the expertise of its Contracted Consultants to perform in a manner that is protective of the environment and health and safety of their employees,
subcontractors, and the community. In order to ensure that the customer is adequately protected from the actions of Contracted Consultants, the
customer may review the Contracted Consultants performance and work practices relating to environmental, health and safety risks. To verify
compliance, Contracted Consultants may be subject to a detailed review, by the customer, at any time

The Brave And Heroic Workplace
What is a firefighter? He or she is the person next door. He or she is just like you and I, with all the worries, stresses, and unfulfilled dreams. Yet they
stand taller than most of us. They are, after all, a firefighter. Men and women who can make holding your hand feel like it's the biggest thing in the
entire world when they're saving you or your loved ones. They have a gentle touch because they have seen the unbelievable power of violence out of
control. They respond to a child 's laughter with joy because they, themselves, have held all too many small limp bodies that will never laugh again. In
order for them to do the brave and heroic job they do, these men and women need special equipment to help keep them safe in the line of duty ... Show
Men and women who can make holding your hand feel like it's the biggest thing in the entire world when they're saving your life or even your loved
ones life. They have a gentle touch because they have seen the unbelievable power of violence out of control. They respond to a child 's laughter with
joy because they, themselves, have held all too many small limp bodies that will never laugh again. These brave men and women save lives because it's
what they do best.
In fact, they endure the academy that trains them to make it possible for the firefighter to enter and survive in IDLH (Immediately Dangerous Life or
Health) atmospheres, all the advancements in the firefighter PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) has helped made this possible. Along with the
development of other specialty equipment that a firefighter uses, has made it possible for a firefighter to arrive on seen with an entire arsenal of tools
that they will require to sustain their engine company. The ability to carry, at most, a four–person crew along with one engineer.
To illustrate, these brave men and women have special gear to provide safe means of fighting fire, such as; SCBA's (Self Contained Breathing
Apparatus), fire resistant PPE, and different tools and equipment to help assist them in the line of duty. The Self Contained Breathing Apparatus When
firefighting had became more and more popular; they didn't have much of anything to help protect themselves

Scba Firefighter Case Study
In order for a firefighter to be efficient at the work one perform, the appropriate equipment is needed. One important piece of equipment is the self–
contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). The SCBA allows one the ability to breath when entering a smoked room filled with toxics. The SCBA also is
worn for simple car fires, serious structure fire or even an outdoor fire (Ford, 2012, p.343). In this scenario the SCBA bottle caused serious harm to a
firefighter. One will discuss major problems, the potential solutions and some recommendations that can hopefully keep this from happening again. In
this scenario some major issues was observed. First the SCBA bottle should have been secured in a compartment specifically designed for SCBAs or
secured by metal brackets. Secondly, did the person who filled the SCBA bottle have the proper training to do that job? And lastly, since the cylinders
looks almost identical to the fire department's 3000 psi cylinder bottles, why were there not distinctive marking on the bottles. Some potential solutions
would be to have a designated compartments for the spare SCBA bottles and they should be secured with metal brackets or some sort of device that will
keep the bottles ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Likewise, the bottles must be secured in place by some sort of device, such as a metal bracket. Next, proper training must take place. There should be
some sort of certificate of completion of after training is complete. Also, a system should be put in place so that the bottles can be easily identifiable
such as color coding the bottles. Lastly, this should be reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS), which is "the main source of
information on line–of–duty firefighter deaths and injuries. NFIRS analysis helps to identify local trends over a period of time" (Ford, 2012,

Gas Laws And Equilibrium : Extended Response Task Scuba...
Gas Laws and Equilibrium: Extended Response Task Scuba Diving
Good Morning/Evening Ladies and gentleman, Scuba diving is a method of underwater diving in which a diver utilises a Self–Contained Underwater
Breathing apparatus (Scuba) to breathe under water. There are three main gas laws that are pertinent to scuba diving. These are Boyle's Law, Dalton's
Law and Henry's Law. Throughout this presentation we will examine how gas laws relate to the diving industry and how innovative technology could
transform the future of diving. The pressure on a submerged diver:
Hydrostatic and Atmospheric pressure are the two major components which act upon a diver at depth. Hydrostatic pressure refers to the weight of the
water above the diver, whereas Atmospheric Pressure is equal to the total weight of the atmosphere above the water.
Atmospheric Pressure:
Although air is very light, the atmosphere above the earth is approximately 150km high. This amount of air has extensive weight and exerts significant
pressure on the earth surface. Atmospheric pressure at sea level can be referred to as, 1 ATA or one bar.
A diver descending to a depth of 10 meters, is equivalent to the entire 150km of atmospheric air (1 ATA). This is due to water being much denser than
air. If the diver were to descend another 10 meters, the water will exert a further pressure, equal to another atmosphere, 2 ATA.
Absolute pressure:
The absolute pressure

Catalytic Hydration
Catalytic hydration produces a lot of direct and indirect pollution. The process requires tremendous amount of energy to heat up the mixture of ethene
and steam up to the reaction temperatures. Ethene is obtained by a cracked fraction obtained from oil. Over the years there have been many
environmental disasters from drilling and transporting oil. On the 20th of April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform exploded in the Gulf of
Mexico. This lead to 4.9 million barrels of oil being spilled into the Gulf of Mexico which resulted in the worst environmental disaster in recent times
with millions of aquatic animals being affected (Kinver, 2011). Although the process of hydration has small impact of the environment due to the
energy demands, its indirect pollution has had a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are due to the high temperature and operating pressure of the reaction as well as the dangers linked to the reactants, catalyst and products. The
likelihood of an event happening is minimal due to various emergency shut down systems and safety standards built into the reactor. However, PPE
such as protective clothing, self contained breathing apparatus and eye protection must be worn due to serious nature of an actual incident happening.
Fermentation has little to no environmental impacts. It is carbon neutral process and new emerging technologies will completely remove the carbon
dioxide by product, therefore reducing its very minimal environmental impact even further. Hydration on the other hand, has a minor direct affect on
the environment and a major indirect affect on the environment. Hydration uses lots of energy to supply the heat necessary for the reaction which
contributes to global warming. However, the feedstock is obtained from oil which has had numerous environmental disasters due to its mining and
transportation.
As for global ethanol production, fermentation is clearly the more preferred

Code Enforcement Case Study
It is always hard hearing about line of duty deaths. The scenario that was chosen speaks on the importance of fire sprinklers and code enforcement. One
will identify some major problems, potential solutions and recommendations to the scenario below. According to the National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA):
At 10:45 p.m. on January 21, fire companies were dispatched on mutual aid to a single–family house fire that began in a small, unattached wooden shed
where the occupants kept rabbits. The fire started when three heating lamps used to keep in full personal the rabbits' water from freezing came into
contact with combustibles and spread to the house, which was 10 feet (3 meters) away.
A 34–year old fire captain and a 28–year–old fire lieutenant, dressed in full personal; protective equipment (PPE) including self–contained breathing
apparatus, were advancing n 1 ½–inch (3.8–centimeter) hand line into the house when the floor collapsed beneath them. The captain fell into the
basement, and the lieutenant fell partially through but was able to escape. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the time the firefighters removed the captain, they noted that his PPE was burned and his face piece had melted.
He and the lieutenant were transported to a hospital where're the captain was pronounced dead of and acute ventricular arrhythmia due to an acute
thermal inhalation injury. The lieutenant sustained non–life threatening burns to his hands and

Scuba Diving And Physics Of The Underwater World
Scuba Diving and Physics
Introduction
Exploration of the underwater world is fascinating; both from an aesthetic and scientific point of view. One must have a passion for adventure and the
knowledge and skills that come with a diving certification. Diving with a Self–Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus, S.C.U.B.A., remains the
ultimate way in which we can experience this wondrous environment and explore the scientific principles behind humans delving into the expanse of
the largest unexplored area on our planet. The application of key fundamental tenets of science allows us to venture into a world in which we are,
without question, out of our element. The development of modern–day scuba equipment is a compelling one.
Background
A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2)
A significant breakthrough was not seen until 1943. Captain Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan finished development of the Aqua Lung. The Aqua
Lung used a similar on–demand valve that drew from two to three cylinders that each contained over 2500 psi of breathable gas. Some years later, the
Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory System was completed. This was later named S.C.U.B.A. This was developed and used by the military of several
countries. It remains in use by the military and civilians all over the world. (2)
The invention of scuba permitted divers freedom of movement and granted them access to deeper depths due to the longer dive times that it allowed.
Without the need for very expensive support devices in order to dive with contained air, the cost to dive in such a manner decreased drastically, which
gave rise to the community of recreational scuba divers.
Discussion
Although buoyancy is a concern for scuba divers; the main focus, and science, behind scuba diving lies in pressure. On land, air is exerting a constant,
imperceptible pressure on our bodies. This pressure is not felt because the human body is comprised mainly of liquid. This liquid evenly distributes the
pressure throughout the body. There are three air spaces in the human body. These are the lungs, sinuses and ears. The air in these spaces is equal to the
pressure of

Jacques Cousteau Research Paper
Jacques Cousteau was a man of all trades. He was a photographer, inventor of diving devices, undersea explorer, soldier, writer, oceanographer, and
documentary host ("Jacques Cousteau biography," n.d.). He developed the first ever trademarked SCUBA device titled the Aqua–Lung ("Invention; the
Aqua lung," n.d.). SCUBA is an acronym for self–contained underwater breathing apparatus. Cousteau made his grand entrance June 11, 1910, in
Saint–André–de–Cubzac, France. Cousteau was a sickly child, who the doctors told not to participate in any strenuous activity. He learned to swim at
age 4 and soon developed a love for the sea as well as developing a mechanical aptitude ("Jacques Cousteau biography – life," n.d.). Cousteau found
himself bored and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He wanted to become a naval aviator. Unfortunately, just prior to graduation in 1936, a serious automobile accident, that almost took his life, made this
dream seem unachievable. His calling came when, during rehab for his broken limbs, he took up swimming. Within that year, he took his first
underwater dive wearing goggles (Trex, 2010). He used his own regimen of swimming to help regain strength in his arms following the accident.
Doctors wanted to amputate his arm, however Cousteau unwaveringly refused. Jacques Cousteau later went on to describe his experience in his book,
The Silent World: One Sunday morning...I waded into the Mediterranean and looked into it through Fernez goggles...I was astonished by what I saw in
the shallow shingle at Le Mourillon, rocks covered with green, brown and silver forests of algae and fishes unknown to me, swimming in crystalline
water...Sometimes we are lucky enough to know that our lives have been changed, to discard the old, embrace the new, and run headlong down an
immutable course. It happened to me at Le Mourillon on that summer's day, when my eyes were opened on the sea. ("Encyclopedia.com,"

The Increase of Chemical Suicide in United States and Its...
Chemical suicide is a growing problem all around the world. This form of suicide was created in Japan, but now it is growing rapidly across the United
States in recent years. People committing this type of suicide are looking to kill themselves, and also may want to harm or kill first responders in the
process as well. This puts a large amount of people in danger in the immediate area where the chemicals are located. These situations might not be clear
to first responders upon arrival and could cause injury or death if they are not wearing proper personal protective equipment. Chemical suicides became
prevalent in the United States around 2008. Since then, the number of suicides has been rising faster as the years go by. These forms of ... Show more
These situations are dangerous and have to be treated with extreme caution. When first responders are responding to a call of possible chemical suicide,
they have to approach it with extreme caution and be very aware of the situation. Most of the time at these situations, the person attempting to use these
chemicals to commit suicide will post some kind of warning for first responders as well as other people. For example, a situation of chemical suicide in
a car, the person might post a sign in the window of the car as a warning to people and first responders on scene. (FEMA.Gov). Although leaving a note
or sign to warn people might happen, it is not always the case. Some chemical suicides will not be as noticeable as others. "A chemical suicide in a car
can produce levels of 8,000 parts per million in that car. Unless the responder is aware of the danger and is wearing breathing apparatus when the door
is opened, they may easily be killed with the first breath they take." (Rowley). When approaching the scene, take time to do a full size up of the scene
and look inside the car through the window. You might be able to see and buckets or cans that could have possibly been where the chemicals were
mixed. (Oreshan III/Stevens, 2011). This is something that is simple that first responders can and should do but it is easily overlooked as well. There are
other ways to tell if someone committed suicide with chemicals. For example, "a car could

A Report On The Fire Department Ems Training Essay
Planning  Led the grant writing team for submission of a FEMA grant in 2005. This grant request was for replacement of all Self Contained Breathing
Apparatus. The securing of these funds would bring the Beavercreek Fire Department into compliance with NFPA 1981 "Open–Circuit Self–Contained
Breathing Apparatus for Fire and Emergency Services" (2002 Edition), NIOSH CFR Part 84, State of Ohio Homeland Security Plan and NFPA 1500
"Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program". FEMA awarded a grant for $300,156.00 to the Beavercreek Fire Department October 28,
2005.  Administered the first regional CPAT for Greater Miami Valley Fire/EMS Alliance in October of 2003. This included site logistics, scheduling
proctors, setting up candidate schedules, orienting the candidates, delegating prop tasks and providing for the rehabilitation of candidates and proctors. I
have filled this role on numerous occasions since this initial test.  Administered the Beavercreek Fire Department EMS Training Division 1996–2003.
This included writing and implementing policies, database manipulations, scheduling speakers, conducting trainings, writing training packets and
handling patient care & protocol discrepancies. Also implemented the continuing education program. I compiled applications, developed training
forms, wrote policy and received approval for the Beavercreek Fire Department continuing education site certification through the Ohio Department of
EMS.  Wrote medic

Confined spaces
Health and Safety
Executive
Confined spaces
A brief guide to working safely
This leaflet explains what you, as an employer, may need to do to protect your employees when working in confined spaces. It will also be useful to the
self–employed or employees and their representatives. The leaflet will help you take the necessary action to meet the requirements of the Confined
Spaces Regulations 1997.
Confined spaces can be deadly
A number of people are killed or seriously injured in confined spaces each year in the UK. This happens in a wide range of industries, from those
involving complex plant to simple storage vessels. Those killed include people working in the confined space and those who try to rescue them without
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For work in confined spaces this means identifying the hazards present, assessing the risks and determining what precautions to take. In most cases the
assessment will include consideration of:
■■
■■
■■
■■
■■
the task; the working environment; working materials and tools; the suitability of those carrying out the task; arrangements for emergency rescue.
Confined spaces: A brief guide to working safely
Page 2 of 7
Health and Safety
Executive
HSE's risk management website will help you further (see Further guidance). You may need to appoint competent people to help manage the risks and
make sure that employees are adequately trained and instructed (under the Management of
Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, regulation 7). Of course, you may be the best person to do this, however, you may need to train someone
else or engage the services of a competent person for additional help.
If your assessment identifies risks of serious injury from work in confined spaces, such as the dangers highlighted above, the Confined Spaces
Regulations 1997 apply. These regulations contain the following key duties:
■■ avoid entry to confined spaces, eg by doing the work from outside;
■■ if entry to a confined space is unavoidable, follow a safe system of work; and p ■■ ut in place adequate emergency arrangements before the work
starts.
These duties, and how to carry

Extreme Sports
Introduction Extreme sports (also called action sport and adventure sport) are a media term for certain activities perceived as having a high level of
inherent danger. These activities often involve speed, height, high level of physical exertion, highly specialized gear or spectacular stunts. At present
date, there are no careful studies or statistics of deaths to separate activities with low or normal level of danger from those with high level of danger.
While use of the term "extreme sport" has spread far and wide to describe a multitude of different activities, exactly which sports are considered
'extreme' is debatable. There are however several characteristics common to most extreme sports. Extreme sports tend to be more solitary ... Show more
The two years following that, the Games were held in Mount Snow, Vermont. And since 2002 the Winter X Games have been held at Buttermilk
Mountain in Aspen, Colorado, and they will continue to be held there through 2012.The Winter X Games gained media exposure due to their big name
sponsors and star–studded athletes. However, their marketing ideas add to that because of the number of fans who attend the actual events. As the
Journal of Sport Management (2006) explains, Generation X and Generation Y are the two most highly valued by marketers. This creates a broad
approach on marketing towards that certain demographic, which is why the Winter X Games' marketing and economic outlook is so "out of the box".
The Winter X Games inaugural year, 1997, was televised to 198 countries and 38,000 spectators attended the actual four day event. In 1998, the
attendance dropped to 25,000 spectators. But just two years later, a record attendance of 83,500 people attended the Winter X Games' east coast debut.
The Games continue to grow thanks to certain marketing plans such as The Interactive Village, Musical Line–Ups, and the Snowskate Park.
2.2. The Interactive Village The Interactive Village is described as the designated Official Winter X Games Sponsor Booth area. It is usually located by
the main entrance of the event and it offers fun activities for all attending fans. Some activities include scheduled autograph signings, giveaways for

Fire Safety Case Analysis
TO: Mike Carey – Vice President of Marketing
FROM: Cristian Oana – Marketing Consultant
DATE: 28/01/2001
SUBJECT: Pricing strategy of future FSI product line.
Purpose and Overview Please review the following sections based on your current pricing strategy and market research as well as future
recommendations. The report contains a SWOT analysis that will highlight the need for a switch in pricing strategy from the current Value Based
pricing to Price leadership. FSI is the only manufacturer of the HERO line product having only one competitor (Guardian) which currently holds a
market share of 42%. This fact underlines our company standing as an Oligopoly and allows us to lead the way in price determination. Summary ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The market will remain an oligopoly. b. FSI will remain the leader of digital breathing apparatus systems. c. The National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health will not change legislation regarding safety in the near future. d. Guardian may increase pricing as well due to FSI's price increase. e.
The state of limited competition will be retained for the following year. f. Proven reliability and results may capture further market share despite price
increase. Pricing Strategies That Emerge From SWOT Fire Safety Inc. has a very well established brand name in the domestic market holding a leading
market share of 58%. FSI estimates that the market will grow by 44% in 2002. For the past 11 years, the HERO lineup has enjoyed increased sales year
to year by providing top of the line Digital Breathing Apparatus Systems. Currently, FSI is the leading manufacturer and distributor of these systems.
Despite the 5% increase in price for 2001, sales have increased showing no signs of market response. Our competition has their product line set at a
slightly lower price (1500$/unit) which indicates a clear weakness in an established market led by our company. Price leadership "An observation made
of oligopolistic business behaviour in which one company, usually the dominant competitor among

Chlorine Chemical Terrorism
Chemical terrorism presents a unique threat to the Homeland and response agencies due to the vast array of various chemical effects and availability. To
illustrate this threat, an examination will be conducted into the historical development and a recent use of chlorine gas agent. Then, an investigation into
chlorine's chemical properties, its harmful effects, and required response protective/detection equipment will be conducted. Lastly, an analysis into the
regulatory policy of chlorine and a current news article reference the use of chlorine will be conducted. Overall, by understanding the chemical
properties and risks associated with chlorine gas, response agencies can be better equipped to respond and protect the public. First, let's examine ...
According to the Chlorine Institute (2008), regulations include permits for transportation, specifications for transportation and storage containers,
placarding, and tracking of shipments. Essentially, all chlorine in the United States must be tracked and stored properly to prevent accidental release or
theft for future chemical attack. In addition, as mention earlier a recent news article involving the utilization of chlorine was the recent chemical attacks
in Syria. According to Kube and Dilanian (2018) (NBC news), the recent Syria chemical attacks on April 7th in Douma have confirmed the use of
chlorine gas and an unknown nerve agent. However, according to the report the Assad regime (allegedly responsible for the attack) is known to have
stockpiles of sarin gas. Moreover, the report asserts that due to historical reports the Assad regime has been involved in multiple chlorine attacks.
Overall, even with all the regulation the United States has there could be a potential threat of utilization of chlorine in a chemical attack on the
Homeland given its wide

Fire Department History
Tom Tagliareni Spring 2016 English Comp. 2 Professor Merrill History of the Fire Service When you hear the words "Fire Department" what do you
think of? For most people the first thing that comes to mind is a big red truck with flashing lights and loud sirens and horns. Or people in bunker gear,
helmets and air packs carrying axes and hoses. But it was not always that way. In the beginning it was nowhere near how it is today. Fire Fighting is
defined as "the action or process of extinguishing fires". The first fire department was created in 24 B.C. by Roman emperor Augustus Caesar. It was
made up of slaves that were positioned around the city. This was not a very good department because the slaves didn't care about the properties and ...
And are changing constantly. They went from heavy steel bottles to lighter aluminum wrapped in fiberglass. Or they are made of a composite material
such as carbon fiber. Today's SCBA packs have pass alarms or personal alert safety systems built–in. Which is an alarm that goes off if you don't move
for 30 seconds or if you press the button. It allows other firefighters to find you if you go down. The packs also have lights on them that blank to make
it easier to spot a firefighter while they are working. There is a gauge on the strap that shows you your air level and a built–in alarm starts ringing when
you have 10 minutes of air left so you know when you need to start getting out of the building. Newer models also have a built in TIC or Thermal
Imaging Camera and a heads up display in the mask that shows you your air

Fire Service Traditions
During the Revolutionary War, fire was used as a weapon for both the colonies and the British. This demanded suppression efforts during wartime so,
many militia members were also firefighters. Some of the most notable revolutionary figures were also firefighters including: Washington, Hamilton,
Adams, Hancock, and Revere. However, during this time fire companies were often hostile to each other. Volunteer fire companies, most infamously in
Philadelphia, were heavily influenced and ran by gangs for example "the Killers" or "the Rats." Many times, Fire companies would often engage in a
mob–like fight to see who would put out a fire before actually putting the fire out, which led to an overall blaze and often counteracted the fire
company's arrival. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
fire service holds the profession in very high regards and keeps true many unique and long–established traditions. Two specific heritages, both of Celtic
descent, became a heavy influence the fire service's traditions: the Scottish and the Irish. The most notable tradition from the two Celtic heritages is the
bagpipes often found today during U.S, firefighter funerals. This originated sometime around the Irish Potato Famine when large amounts of Irish men
and women emigrated from Ireland to America. During this period, the Irish faced heavy discrimination and often could not find work, however many
were able to become firefighters as no one else was willing to take these jobs. During this time with the lack of practiced safety, death was very likely
in the fire service. At Irish firefighter funerals, the bagpipes were always played to send home the fallen firefighter, it wasn't too long before families
and friends of non–Irish firefighters began asking for the bagpipes to be played for fallen heroes due to the dignified atmosphere the bagpipes created at
the funerals. The Fireman's "Ringing of the Bell" is a second American–instituted tradition. The ceremonial ringing of the bell in memory of those who
died in the line of duty is an age old tradition of the Fire Service. The bell, instituted sometime around the 1850's, was long used to signal an
emergency, as an early form as a siren, and used to mark the end of an emergency and a return to quarters (the fire station). The final tolling of the bell
at a firefighter's funeral is to signal the last alarm the firefighter faces. In memory of all who died during the attacks on September 11, 2001, the bell is
rung five times in series of fives (5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5). When this series is multiplied out, it equals 3,125 which is in close proximity to the number of
people who died as result of the September 11th attacks. Finally, a third longstanding tradition of the fire service, which has been changing recently,

Twim In-Service Training
Lieutenant Aussie Thaxter, Sergeant Denney Mitchell, Sergeant Michael Cummins, and Trooper Todd Logan respectfully request to attend the dive in–
service training hosted by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) at Pickwick State Park and the Tennessee River from August 21st–25th,
2017. In the past three years our team has been given the opportunity to attend this dive in–service training and it has been very beneficial for our unit
and the department. The training consists of diving emergencies/CPR practicums and oxygen administration. The swim proficiency test consists of a
400–meter swim, 50 meter under water swim, and dry suit certifications. T.W.R.A. Dive Instructor Allen Pyburn discusses dive tables and performs
dive table practicals.

A Report On Life Savers
Bailey Edwards
Carter
English 12
28 April 2015
Life Savers
According to the University of Illinois' Fire Service Institute, "Fire departments in the United States respond to 1.8 million fires each year – or about
four fires every minute. Annually, more than 5,000 Americans are killed and 100,000 are injured as a result of fires, and annual property loss due to
fires has been estimated to be as high as $10 billion" (Smith et al.1). Which means there are many firefighters risking their lives to save others . They
know the risks but love doing it. "Today, most firefighters are provided with a full encapsulated ensemble that incorporates technological advancements
in thermal protection, breathability, chemical resistance and reflectivity"(Tutterow). PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) protects firefighters from
almost anything presented on a fire scene yet, still is not enough to lower the rates of deaths and injuries in the fire service. Firefighter PPE needs to
reduce deaths and injuries and continue advancements in technology, all while maintaining a reasonable cost. If the United States continues to make
advancements in PPE technology it will decrease the number of fatalities and injuries. Many buildings burned down because of firefighters were
limited to external fighting measures only wearing wool coats, rubber boots, gloves, and leather helmets. In the "History of Firefighter Personal
Protective Equipment" by Paul Hasenmeier claims:
In the 1600's, firefighters had to

Oil Spill: Emergency Response Case Study
CASE STUDY #2 INSTRUCTIONS: Students should read the scenario below and respond in the form of an essay, which should consist of several
paragraphs and appropriate priority or task lists. Responses should be supported fully and completely. A well–thought–out response can be
accomplished in 300–500 words (one or two pages, double spaced). Any published material used to support a response should be cited per the APA
style guidelines. SCENARIO: You are back at your plant the Monday after the "Dangerous When Wet" leaking tanker incident happened, and you are
telling your fellow HazMat Team Coordinator how you handled the situation. Before he has a chance to offer his opinion, a call comes in over your
radio that a forklift has punctured a 55 gallon drum at the door between the oxidizer storage area and the production department. There is a spill, and no
one is injured; however, the production employee does not know what was spilled. You make an immediate page to all emergency response team
members in the area, and then you head out the door to the scene with your fellow HazMat Team Coordinator (the production department chief
engineer). While en route to the scene, you call the plant manager and apprise her of what you know and that you will report back as soon as you have
more information. The incident command center can either be the production office or the conference room near the plant manager's office. In this case,
your first choice is the production office.

Evolution Of Firefighting
Alexis Cordova
Mrs.Wallace
English 12–3a Evolution of Fire Fighting
Firefighting is a dangerous job. It takes lots of courage to have to endure the harsh conditions of a structural or rural fire, all while trying to save
someone 's life. Fire fighters put their life on the line to save the environment, people, and animals. With all of the harsh conditions involving putting
out a fire, there is lots of equipment that a firefighter must use to protect themselves such as strategies that are used in the time of emergencies,
technology that is used to help prevent fires as well as technology used in a fire, and the personal protective gear that fire fighters use. Personal
protective equipment, Technology and knowledge in prevention of fires are all being updated and improved each day, which is evidence of how the
firefighting industry has evolved throughout time.
Firefighting is a job that has been around since earliest times of urban development. There has always been someone in the town that was brave enough
to try and put out a fire, however the category of firefighting as a job/career has only been around since the late 1800's. The brave men who would put
their life on the line in the early stages of firefighting had very little equipment to protect them as well as no real strategies or knowledge of how a fire
is needed to be prevented as well as how a fire needs to be put out. As time went on, there began to be more technology which helps in the innovation
of the

Comparison Of Teddy Roosevelt And Theodore Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt believed that we all shall not be separated or treated differently from other people , race or religion because no matter what we are the
same species. Samuel Gompers believed that make workers reform also make the country be divided. In 1906 Teddy Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace
Prize for his role by negotiating during the Russian and Japanese war. Teddy believed that we should be securing all ports belonging to the United
States alo have great military power also he believed in most helpful things that has to deal with America . what we need is freedom what we need is
peace what we need is to get along with one another also stop being discriminate to other we need is to build a friendship to the whole community and
the world. Teddy thought that if he made more work restrictions it could reduce the illnesses in the workforce while Gomber did not believe any of
these are necessarily. Gomber believed that the rules and regulation shall not be as strict as Theodore Roosevelt thought but Gomber believed the less
restrictions equals more money going into their businesses.in 1902 Teddy Roosevelt used a third party settling the 1902 coal miners strike that
thousands of coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike. Gompers in 1886–1924 he mainly focused on unionism he was elected president until his
death in 1924 many incidents they wanted more and more military bases around the country but Gompers did not believe in it instead Gompers thought
it will be easy to

The Cosmetics Industry : A Multibillion Dollar Industry
When people talk about healthy shopping, they seem to miss the non–eatables section. This section includes the things that people use every day, but
don't think about their side effects. Some of these products can be just as damaging to your health as their food counterparts. These toxins can be
absorbed by your skin and through breathing them in, seeping into your blood stream and being stored in your fat tissues. This can lead to cancer,
changing DNA, causing infertility, neurotoxicity, or an array of other medical problems. This change will take time–there lies the danger. You don't
even know about it until it's too late.
The cosmetics industry is a multibillion–dollar industry. What many people don't know is that they use very toxic chemicals which were shown in
animal studies to be linked to birth defects, cancer, and skin conditions. These chemicals are found in things that look harmless, like shampoos,
conditioners, antiperspirants, cosmetics, and especially nail polishes.
A report published by the Environmental Working Group stated that they found some disturbing evidence that showed a very toxic chemical was found
in every single person who was tested. This chemical is called dibutyl phthalate, or DBP. The CDC found in their research that the absolute highest
levels were in women of reproductive age.
"Major loopholes in federal law allow cosmetics manufacturers to put unlimited amounts of industrial chemicals like DBP into personal care products
without any

What is Nitrox? Essay
What is Nitrox?
Enriched Air Nitrox, Oxygen Enriched Air, Nitrox, EANx, Safe Air
Breathing in the Deep
The common gasses used in diving include compressed air and Nitrox. Nitrox is a mixture of gas composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrox also
contains normal air, which is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% of other gasses, primarily argon.
Scuba diving is diving with a self–contained underwater breathing apparatus, that is completely independent of surface supply. Providing the diver with
the advantages of underwater mobility whilst being able to sustain life at underwater pressures. Embolism results when gasses in the lung expand
during ascent and rupture lung tissue, causing air bubbles to enter the bloodstream.
The Usage of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However a double–blind study to this test this found no statistically significant reduction in reported fatigue. Other studies with a number of varied dive
profiles, and also different levels of exertion, which would be necessary to investigate the issue. There is much more scientific evidence on breathing
high oxygen gasses increases exercise tolerance during aerobic exertion. It is possible that the positive reputation of Nitrox can be credited to a lack of
knowledge of un–studied situations. Such as competitive diving's accelerated oxygen use and fatigue in contrast to scuba diving's slower oxygen use
and intake due to the need to conserve the gas.
The Benefits of Nitrox over Compressed Air
Recreational Nitrox (21 – 40% oxygen) contains a lower percentage of nitrogen than air, The reduced percentage of nitrogen in recreational nitrox
allows for extended no–decompression limits by reducing nitrogen absorption. The weight of air at sea level is approximately 1.2g/L.
The weight of air 100940 Newtons/m2. Ptotal = Patmosphere + Pfluid = (1.01 x 105) + (100940) Pa = 10200940 kPa, approximately 1 x 107
The pressure increases the deeper you travel underwater, to calculate these pressures:
Total pressure = Pressure exerted by water at 33ft + Atmospheric Pressure
Pressure exerted by water = Density of water x Gravitational constant x Height
Density of water = 1g/mL
Gravitational constant = 6.67×10−11 N(m/kg)2
Pressure exerted by

What Does Scuba Stand For?
1. What does scuba stand for?
Scuba is an acronym that stands for Self–Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.
2. At what depth will you reach 1ATM of pressure?
You will reach 1ATM of pressure at sea level.
3. At what depth will you reach 2ATM of pressure?
You will reach 2ATM of pressure at the depth of 33ft.
4. What is a pressure squeeze?
A pressure squeeze is a pain caused by gases when a diver's body is at unequal pressures.
5. What are the bends?
Bends gets its name from a diver "bending" in pain due to a condition called DCS that causes gases to come out of body tissues.
6. What are the 3 reasons you might need a scuba dive knife?
Three reasons that you may need a scuba dive knife is to fight of sea creatures, untangle yourself from fishing nets or seaweed, or to fix equipment.
7. What are the two basic parts of a regulator called?
The first and second stage are the two basic parts of regulator.
8. What 2 metals are scuba tanks made from?
The two metals scuba tanks are made from are steel or aluminum.
9. Answer true or false: a. air is mostly oxygen– It is false because the air is mostly made of nitrogen. b. a properly fitted dive mask is tight– It is false
because it should seal out water but also feel comfortable. c. a properly fitted wet suit is tight– It is true because a wet suit should be tight on land
because it gets looser in the water. d. a pony tank is only for emergencies– It is false because many people use it for air in order to dive

Cyclohexane Research Paper
b) Health, safety and environmental issues related to the designated product.
Marking criteria
1. All topic areas covered with appropriate balance
2. Article is commercially relevant and well summarised
3. Three or more professional resources (for entire Task 1)
4. Covered all topic areas stated with good breadth and depth, use professional and valid data sources. (for economic data)
Health (source book) page 759
Cyclohexane is an acute irritant with low order toxicity due to its efficient metabolism and excretion. Methods of transmittance are inhalation and
ingestion. User that has skin contact with cyclohexane will also have some unfavourable topical effects (example?). It is generally considered to be a
safe solvent for industrial use ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another option will be putting the risk management under safety.
Environmental issues (need page 761)
The environment is exposed to risk of transportation, storage, disposal or destruction of cyclohexane. For example, spillage can cause fire, explosion
and contamination of the surroundings (water, soil and air). However, the risk can be reduced by having a proper handling of the chemical substance.
Cyclohexane can form explosive mixtures with air within the range of 1.3 to 8.4% by volume. It has low reactivity. An explosion has been recorded
when liquid nitrogen dioxide was accidentally mixed with hot cyclohexane in a nitration column (MCA 1962). Book 4 page 508
Sources
1. http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/cyclohexane
2. http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/cyclohexane#section=Identification
3. https://books.google.com.au/books?
id=ULjNPrQWi3cC&pg=PA760&dq=cyclohexane&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEMQ6AEwB2oVChMIjceWnrqoxwIVwjKmCh0U1Qdn#v=onepage&q=cyc
page 759
4.

Fire Ground Exercises At The Fire Service Area
I contemplate one of the most important training items in the fire service area that we need to focus on is authentic fire ground exercises. Fire ground
training are drills that reflect real–time circumstances on the emergency scene. Our training needs to focus towards our daily tasks, teamwork and most
of all teamwork on the emergency scene. Furthermore, in the past quite a few of my training drills came from the International Fire Service Training
Association manual or similar resources. While I do believe these sequenced, systematic drills remain, tremendously valuable in foundation training to
establish baseline competency. Likewise, consider that real life situations do not always follow training manuals. The purpose of the drills ... Show
In the Fire service, we have available plenty of basic drills we can train on daily to better ourselves. It seems everyone is trying specialized training,
which needed, and forgets to master few of our more tedious items and commonplace Page 8b functions. A number of of these would incorporate pump
operations, hose line advancement, fire ground operations. Consequently, the drills we do should be more than by the numbers drills, they should be
operations that imitate what we will do at the emergency scene. They should be our "bread and butter" drills that we must get correct, every time. These
drills must emulate what we do on the fire ground as a department. The goal should be training that becomes a common reaction and not a focus on
what we remember as a one, two, three process. Therefore, an example of a drill that I have used at my department for training is a firefighter calling a
Mayday. This is a very commanding evolution in the fire service today, from the low occurrences and the extremely high risk associated with a mayday.
The first part of the drill was a review of our mayday policy and the classroom simulation of practicing the mayday. The review would contain
recognizing your need of calling a mayday, and then actually calling the mayday. I had fourteen of our personnel call a mayday while in a controlled

Principles Of Emergency : Service
Principles of Emergency
Service
By: Marcus Moxon Introduction
December, 3rd, 1999, there was a fire Worcester, Massachusetts; that would ultimately change the fire service as they know it. The fire went from bad
to worse, after the first alarm that went off, five more went as well; sending additional fire fighters out. Two firefighters from Rescue 1 who were first
on scene got lost during the search when they were looking for two homeless people and for any fire extension. After more responders were dispatched
to the scene two crew members from Ladder 2 and two other fire fighters from Engine 3, went in looking for the fire fighters that went missing and the
two homeless people on the initial search. While they were in the fire ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The victims that died in the fire of December, 3rd, 1999; had, 12 years, 5 months; 2 years, 1 month; 8 years, 9 months; 16 years, 5 months; 20 years, 3
months; and 27 years of firefighting experience individually. However; this really shows that no matter what training you go through, how long and
rigorous it may be, you are still able to get lost and disoriented in a fire and there are always ways of improving in the service as an individual.The
causes of death released by the office are that "Victims 1 and 5 died as a result of severe thermal injuries and exposure to heat and noxious gases.
Victims 2, 3, 4, and 6 died of inhalation of smoke, soot, and hot gases."
The significance of the fire is to risk a lot to save a lot, risk a little to save a little. Since the Incident Commander was not sure if the homeless people
were still in the building he never should have sent in a search–and–rescue especially without knowing the details of the vacant building. He didn't take
into account how likely the fire was to spread and without knowing exactly where the fire had already spread to already was a problem as well. Since
there is no windows there is no way he would be able to judge and make an informed decision, he should have taken the time to access the situation
before sending them in.
Literature Review
On

Pros And Cons Of Firefighting
Dalton G. Smith
K. Gorritz
English 4 P4
5 Oct 2017
Firefighting, 2 Con's, 1 Pro Firefighting is a profession that can weigh heavily on a person 's emotional and mental well being, as well as their physical
health, yet be rewarding at the same time.
The first ever city fire department in the world was started in Edinburgh, Scotland,in 1824. It was called the Edinburgh Fire Engine Company and led
by James Braidwood. The London Fire Engine Company was the next one established in London, England in 1832. On January 27, 1678 the first fire
engine company was put into service in Boston under the direction of Captain Thomas Atkins. This company took the place of bucket brigades which
had previously been used to control fires. In 1736 at the age ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As of 2014, there were around 1,134,400 firefighters serving in 27,198 fire departments nationwide and responding to emergencies from 58,150 fire
stations. Out of the 1,134,400 firefighters, 31 percent of them were professional firefighters and 69 percent of them were volunteers. Firefighters
generally work long shifts that include weekends and holidays. The two most common types of shifts for firefighters are 24 hours on duty followed by
48 hours off duty, or 48 hours on duty with 96 hours off duty. On a daily basis, firefighters work with heavy, loud and dangerous tools such as axes,
sledgehammers, chainsaws, k12 saws, the jaws of life, fire engines, SCBA (self contained breathing apparatus), hoses, water nozzles, among many
other tools and apparatus. The Personal Breathing Apparatus (air pack) provides the firefighter with clean oxygen. It is made up of a high–pressure
tank, a pressure regulator, and an air mask.
To become a completely trained firefighter it can take up to 2 years if you decide to, or have to have your paramedic certification. The full paramedic
training takes up to 10 times as long as basic EMT or Emergency Management Technician training, which can be between one and two thousand hours
of training. Some paramedic training can take up to 2 years to complete. The average fire academy program takes about 12 to 14 weeks to complete.
That training totaling up to 600 hours or more of

Case Study On Mascara
Section 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Beauty in Mars Incorporation Phone: 938–293–1287
6328 Zen Avenue In case of medical emergencies, please
Franize Berg, ER 8867 contact your local poison control center Chemtrec: 1–281–658–0019
Product Name: Frumbell Mascara
Product Code: 247
Product Use: Eye Mascara
Issue Date: 09/24/2014
Supersedes Date:
Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: This is a personal cosmetic product that is safe when used under the appropriate intentions.
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS:
Eye: Mild irritation may occur
Skin: Not expected to be irritating, sensitive, and burn when used appropriately
Inhalation: Not expected to irritate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FOR SAFETY: 1. Apply the mascara with caution avoiding eye contact 2. After application, cleanse and remove mascara to prevent chemicals building
up 3. Do not use old brushes in new containers 4. Do not leave the mascara for too long on surface areas, but keep them in the tube.
WARNING: Scratches, irritation, and infection can occur with eye cosmetics. Eye cosmetics may have some allergic reactions and it is important to
follow the safety rules because damage and blindness can occur.
Chronic Effects: The product is not expected to have chronic effects
Carcinogenicity: The product is not expected to cause cancer
Section 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
The ingredients of this product is safe when used appropriately. Packaging is safe and practices the solid waste management.
Section 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
For Household Settings: Throw the product in the trashcan and do not dispose it in natural water
For Non–Household Settings: The products can be ignitable and disposal should be according to the Local, State, and Federal

Fire Service Traditions
The fire service has long–standing traditions dating back to the 18th Century, whether it is the color red on fire apparatus or the shape of their helmets.
Some traditions are important in the American fire service while others traditions are dangerous or unneeded practices but still, exist for a variety of
reasons. One of the biggest challenges to making changes requires the changing of the culture within the fire service.
The current hot topic in the fire service is cancer. As the advocate for cancer prevention in my department I work diligently to educate my organization
about ways to reduce the likelihood of developing cancer. Every shift I witness firefighters failing to protect themselves against this frightening disease.
The threat

Firefighting Research Paper
Firefighting then and now, there has been many changes throughout the fire industry from clothing to protective equipment and breathing apparatus but
it started with the Roman emperor Augustus and the bucket lines to put out fires, to state of the art fire trucks. That can hold thousands of gallons of
water. Firefighting then and now, firemen dated all the way back to 24 BC. "The Roman emperor Augustus is credited with instituting a corps of fire–
fighting vigils ("Watchmen") in 24 BC". He had regulations such as, checking and preventing fires. In this time, they would sound an alarm when they
saw ay signs of fire. The number one piece of firefighting equipment in ancient Rome and early modern times was the bucket. Buckets were passed ...
There were two rubber hoses connected to a mouthpiece that the firemen were able to inhale the fresh air from the rubber sacs on their backs. At that
time firemen started wherein googles, leather hood, nose clamp and a whistle. Today self contained breathing apparatus also known SCBA, Todays
SCBA has the same basic concept as the original, but now the tanks are made out of fiberglass. Todays bottles usually last up to a half hour depending
on your breathing and how much manual labor you are doing. They still have two shoulder straps and a waist belt. Todays SCBA have monitors on
them to tell you how much air you have in the tanks, they also have an alarm that if you don't move within a certain period of time the air pack will go
off and make a peeping noise to warn other firemen that you are in danger. The masks are air sealed so smoke does not get in and so your fresh air does
not leak out, without a good seal your mask is worthless. Todays air packs often have reflective tape on them to be more visible.
Before there was horse drawn carts or fire trucks, firemen used bucket lines to put out fires by finding a water source and passing buckets filled with
water to one another until they were close enough to throw the water on the fire to put

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