For the health professional that wants to learn about the effects of nutrition on hormone balance.

1. NutraceuticalAdjunts to BHRT It’s never just about the hormones: Vitamins, Supplements, Herbs used in support of hormone health By Mark Burger, Pharm.D., RPh Health First! Pharmacy & Compounding Center

2. Introduction … Compounding Pharmacists

4. Discuss the hormone mimicry, homonogenics and general phytocrinology of plant substances;

5. Discuss and demonstrate the physiology of PCOS, endometriosis, breast and (?) other cancers as related to estrogen metabolism;

6. Discuss the individual nutraceuticals, their clinically effective dose ranges and commercial products that contain them

8. Supplement Reviews

9. Medication Therapy Management

10. Symptom Driven

11. Saliva Testing for Hormones

12. Nutrient Testing (Serum)

13. Neurotransmitter (AM Urine)

17. High-Protein = ↓ insulin +↑ glucagon (especially important in the AM when cortisol is naturally elevated)

18. Upper GI Support: ↑ Acid = ↑ protein +↑methyl donors (Vitamin B’s & FA)+ ↑Fe/Mg/Zn absorp.

19. Liver Support: ↑ Phase I & II metabolism -> effective elimination of estrogen metabolites

23. How Do Nutraceuticals Compare? Drugs Nutraceuticals Celecoxib

24. “For a long time, doctors thought that testosterone, the male sex hormone, fueled the growth of some prostate tumors, he says. Prostate cancer treatment, therefore, has focused on blocking testosterone. But more recently, "we began to realize that estrogen is involved as well.””“But by a year later, 25% of men taking Acapodene had developed prostate cancer compared with 31% of those on a placebo. "For every 100 men with PIN treated with the drug for a year, [nearly seven cancers] are prevented," Price says.” By Charlene Laino WebMD Feature Reviewed Below

25. “Conclusions: In men undergoing RP BMI was associated with adverse pathological featuresand a greater risk of biochemical progression.”FREEDLAND, STEPHEN J. Et al. OBESITY AND RISK OF BIOCHEMICAL PROGRESSION FOLLOWING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY AT A TERTIARY CARE REFERRAL CENTER. Journal of Urology. 174(3):919-922, September 2005. BELOW http://www.wmfurology.com/pca.htm

26. Conclusion: The percentage of obese men undergoingRP in our data set doubled in the last 10 years. Obesity wasassociated with higher-grade tumors, a trend toward increasedrisk of positive surgical margins, and higher biochemical failurerates among men treated with RP. A BMI 35 kg/m2 was associatedwith a higher risk of failure than a BMI between 30 and 35 kg/m2.Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1200/JCO.2004.04.181Received April 28, 2003Accepted November 10, 2003 “First my nads shrink, then my willy won’t work, now my prostate is whacked. I have got to lose some weight!”

27. “The wooly mammoths are getting harder and hard to find.” “The diet known as calorie restriction (CR) is the most reproducible way to extend the lifespan of mammals. Many of the early hypotheses to explain this effect were based on it being a passive alteration in metabolism. Yet, recent data from yeast, worms, flies, and mammals support the idea that CR is not simply a passive effect but an active, highly conserved stress response that evolved early in life's history to increase an organism's chance of surviving adversity.”Sinclair DA. Toward a unified theory of caloric restriction and longevity regulation. Mech Ageing Dev. 2005 May 10; PMID: 15893363 PubMed Below http://images.art.com/images/PRODUCTS/ large/10087000/10087743.jpg

28. Liver Support Diet, Exercise, Stress Mgmt. Product Information Below Liver Tonic Lipotropic Factors Detox Medical Food Detox Buffer Vitamins A, C, D, E, Thiamin, B6, B2, Niacin, L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, B12 to support Phase I and Phase II liver detoxification Nutrients involved in fat metabolism, including inositol, choline, and taurine, methyl donors, folic acid, vitamins B6 &B12, and select herbs that are traditionally used to support bile flow & healthy liver fxn. 15 Gm N2, 160 Kcal, 19 Gm CHO, 3 Gm Fat + catechins + B vites + A, D, E, C, Biotin + AAs for liver detox Milk Thistle Extract 70 mg [standardized to 80% silymarin (56 mg)] to supports healthy liver function and helps protect liver tissue 1 TID 2 with meals 2 scoops 1 – 4+ / day 3 with UC

29. “DALLAS - March 3, 2005 - Cholesterol, often stigmatized for its role in heart disease, has long been known to be essential for the health of the fat-laden membranes that surround individual cells.”“Through an interaction with a protein called the oxysterol binding protein (OSBP), cholesterol holds together a group of enzymes that deactivates extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). Overactive ERK is associated with multiple cancers.”Researchers discover a good side to cholesterol in controlling cell signals http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/cda/dept37389/files/210108.html Media Contact: MeghaSatyanarayana214-648-3404e-mail: megha.saty@utsouthwestern.eduARTICLE BELOW Cholesterol prevents cancer. Statin Sales "Cell signals have to be tightly controlled," said Dr. Richard G.W. Anderson, chairman of cell biology and senior author of the study. "If the signaling machines do not work, which can happen when the cell doesn't have enough cholesterol, the cell gets the wrong information, and disease results."

30. FIGURE 2. Hypothetical scheme showing potential mechanisms whereby n–6 (promote) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n–3 (suppress) PUFAs may promote and suppress carcinogenesis, respectively. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6):935-45. PMID: 15159222

31. “GLA exerts selective toxic effects on cancer cells without affecting normal cells.” http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2005/11/gammalinolenic.html Below Therefore, ourresults raisethe possibility that GLA-induced transcriptional repressionof the Her-2/neuoncogene may represent a molecular approachto treat Her-2/neu–overexpressing carcinomas, i.e., incombination with trastuzumab. Although extensive preclinicaland clinical studies are necessary before GLA can enter clinicaltrials, our findings suggest that future studies assessing theclinical relevance of GLA-regulated Her-2/neu promoter activityare warranted.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Nov 2;97(21):1611-5. PMID: 16264182 Below Picture:http://www.esew.org/warning_lists/plants/plants5.htm

32. Omega 3 Oils & Cancer Prevention1. Reduce inflammation2. Reduce angiogenesis3. Decrease Oncogenes4. Induce differentiation5. Suppress NFKB6. Suppress bcl-2 (apoptosis blocker)7. Reduce cachexia 3 Pro -Cancer Article Below Anti -Cancer 1,5 4 EPA/DHA Virus / Inflammation 6 7 NFKB COX-2 2 Cancer Supply Line

33. Pleo + Poly Morphic The Ultimate Detox Complete Protein - Methionine - Cysteine MCT’s (energy) Fiber (transit time) Energy Nutrients - B1, B2, B3, B5, Mg Phase II conjugates - NAC, (GSH synthesis) - Sodium Sulfate, - Amino Acids Methylation Support - 5MTHF, B12, B6 - Methionine, Choline Bi-functional modulators - Ellagic Acid, (pomegranate) - Catechins, (green tea) - Watercress (PEITC) Additional Support - Silymarin (SOD) - Artichoke (anti oxidant) - Vitamins, minerals, - additional anti oxidants Genetic Nutritioneering 8 Big Functional Medicine

34. Pancreatic Enzymes 5 TID away from food Omega 3’s 4 to 10 + / day Activated Omega 6 2 BID Plant Nutrients 1 Scoop QD Any borage seed oil, an essential fatty acid that is converted in the body to DGLA (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid), the direct precursor of beneficial series 1 prostaglandins Protease 104,000 USP, Amylase 104,000 USP Lipase 16,640 USP Per 1 tablet 300 mg EPA + 200 mg DHA per Softgel Any Green Food Multi No Iron 2 BID Immune Support 15 drops QID Detox + Buffer Vitamins A, C, D, E, Thiamin, B6, B2, Niacin, L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, B12 to support Phase I and Phase II liver detoxification Any good, absorbable, professional-line multivitamin 15 Gm N2, 160 Kcal, 19 Gm CHO, 3 Gm Fat + catechins+ B vites + A, D, E, C, Biotin + AAs for liver detox (conjugation) Extracts from live mycelial and fruiting stages of specially cultivated mushroom strains Product info Below 2 scoops BID to TID 3 BID to TID

35. Estrogen Metabolism1.Diet, Exercise, Stress Management – FLT2. Increase Brassica Family (2-OH)3. Support for Liver (glucoronidation, sulfation, methylation)4. Support for Bowel Clearance4. Antioxidant Support

36. Estrogens, whether you make them, whether you take them . . .whether you have been unknowingly, intoxicated by them. . .Whether you are a man or a woman . . .You need to get rid of them every day . . . IN A HEALTHY WAY!!!!

37. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the hypothesis thatbreast cancer can be initiated by estrogen exposureand thatestrogen metabolizing genes are involved inthis mechanism. Chin Med J (Engl). 2005 Sep 20;118(18):1507-16. PMID: 16232327 Below Estrogen Metabolism is important.

38. Hey, why do you cells continue to proliferate? “We believe it would represent a serious error in judgment with regard to public health to ignore the clear message from these combined studies published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute and the Journal of the American Medical Association that estrogen/progestin therapy increases the risk to breast cancer.”Kuller LH. Effect. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin. J Natl Cancer Inst. 92(4):328-332. I’m just following orders. Estrogen says divide, I divide.

39. obesity has been linked to leptin resistance”Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Jun;2(6):273-80. PMID: 16265231 CONCLUSIONSAdipocytokines were shown to participate to some extent in the process of carcinogenesis, …”“It is well documented that obesity increases the risk of some types of cancer such as that ofcolon, breast and prostate.” Leptin, the most widely studied member of a family, stimulatesgrowth, migration and invasion of cancer cellsin vitro and also potentiates angiogenesis, thushaving the capacity of promoting malignant biological behavior of cancer in vitro.Physiol Res. 2005 Oct 17; PMID: 16238454 Below + article below “Leptin, the most widely studied member of a family, stimulatesgrowth, migration and invasion of cancer cells” “also potentiates angiogenesis”Physiol Res. 2005 Oct 17; PMID: 16238454 Below + article below Leptin (from fat) is a Pro-carcinogen http://www.svimr.unimelb.edu.au/price1.htm

40. Ana M. Soto, M.D. The increasing risk of breast cancer and other cancers has paralleled the proliferation of synthetic chemicalssince World War II.An estimated 85,000 synthetic chemicals are registered in the United States, yettoxicological screening data are available for only 7 percent of these chemicals. http://tuftsjournal.tufts.edu/archive/2003/february/oped/index.shtml Below “85,000 synthetic chemicals are registered” 7% are screenable. 7% is approximately 1 in 14 200 chemicals found in newborns Theoretically could be 2800.

41. http://www.health.library.mcgill.ca/osler/archives/index.htm "One of the first duties of the physician (pharmacist?) is to educate the masses not to take medicine."William OslerThe Principles and Practice of Medicine (1892)http://goanimal.com/newsletters/2005/big_pharma/big_pharma.html William Osler http://mcgovern.library.tmc.edu/OslersWeb/OP1/FP0000aB.htm

44. Vitamin E Artichoke

45. Selenium Vitamin D3

46. Tea

47. Green Tea

48. Lavender

49. Brassica

50. Grapes

51. Garlichttp://www.ted.com/talks/william_li.html

52. Not Enough Too Much “16% decrease in fertility for each unit increase of BMI” Ferlitsch K, et al. Body mass index, follicle-stimulating hormone and their predictive value in in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2004 Dec;21(12):431-6. PMID: 15704518 BELOW

53. “Cortisol is regenerated from cortisone by 11ß-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase type 1 (11HSD1), amplifying glucocorticoid actionin adipose tissueand liver. (11)HSD1 inhibitors are being developedfor type 2 diabetes and may be most effective inobesity, whereadipose 11HSD1 is increased.”Diabetes. 2005 May;54(5):1364-70. PMID: 15855321 Below with article FIG. 1. Metabolism of d4-cortisol to form d3-cortisone and d3-cortisol. D, deuterium = 2H. “Life was not as stressful when I was thin.” Adipose magnifies cortisol

54. Progesterone to Estrogen Ratio “Before menopause, progesterone-to-estrogen ratios vary from about 20:1 to about 170:1, at different phases of the menstrual cycle. For a pregnancy to occur, an ideal ratio of 30:1 or possibly 60:1 may be needed. . . A low progesterone-to estrogen ratio, such as 10:1, can result in infertility in pre-menopausal women and abnormal uterine bleeding in women of menopausal age.” “These birth control pills work great. I have not had a cycle in 6 years.” Bland, New Approaches to Anti-Aging: 2001, page 71

55. MENOPAUSE

57. Heart Attack

58. Stroke

59. Neuropathy

60. Hypertension

61. Dementia

62. Depression

63. Retinopathy

64. Obesity

65. inflammation

66. Infertility

67. Gout

68. Sexual Dysfunction“Insulin resistance, per se, seems to be necessary for the components of Syndrome X to develop, but it is not sufficient. In order to understand the pathophysiology of Syndrome X,it must be realized that not all tissues respond similarly to insulin within the same individual. For example, although the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake by muscle and inhibit adipose tissue lipolysis is highly correlated within an individual, insulin resistance at the level of the muscle and adipocyte does not mean that insulin action on the kidney is impaired.”Reaven, Gerald M. SYNDROME X INSULIN RESISTANCE, HYPERINSULINEMIA, AND CORONARY HEART DISEASEChapter 28 - April 1, 2002,http://www.endotext.org/diabetes/diabetes9/diabetes9.htmARTICLE BELOW

69. “In a 1981 landmark report, Doll and Peto, 1 estimated that35% of US cancer deaths were attributable to dietary factors.”“Although recent findings on fruit and vegetable consumption and cancer may be disappointing, reductions in blood pressure and epidemiological evidence for lower risks of cardiovascular disease provide sufficient reason to consume these foods in abundance.”Willett, W. Diet and Cancer An Evolving Picture JAMA. 2005;293:233-234.ARTICLE BELOW 1/3 + of cancers are related to poor diet.

70. Stress Adipose Toxins Insomnia The Oxidative Seven Lack of Anabolic Hormones Talk Impaired Cellular Communication February 23, 2004 Poor Diet

71. “ . . .oxidation of the carcinogenic 4-hydroxy catechol estrogens(CE) of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) to catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones(CE-3, 4-Q) results in electrophilic intermediates that covalentlybind to DNA to form depurinating adducts. The resultant apurinicsites in critical genes can generate mutations that may initiatevarious human cancers.” 4-OH estrogens increase cancer risk. Cavalieri,E.L. et al.; Molecular origin of cancer: Catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones as endogenous tumor initiators Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 10937-10942, September 1997

72. Nutritional Influences on Estrogen Metabolismhttp://www.cabecahealth.com/media/sites/36/files/NutrInfluencesEstrogen.pdf { The Bad { The Good { The Ugly

73. Table 1. Sources of Estrogens

74. “Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical that mimics theaction of the human hormone estrogen,can leachfrom polycarbonate plastic.3 Human exposure to BPAis widespread. A Centers for Disease Control study detectedBPA in the urine of 95 percent of adults sampled.4Scientists have measured BPA in the blood of pregnantwomen, in umbilical cord blood and in the placenta, all atlevels demonstrated in animals to alter development.5,6”SOURCE BELOW: http://www.environmentalobservatory.org/library.cfm?refid=77083 Xenoestrogens BPA 95% penetrance

75. Table 2. Mechanisms through which dietary and nutritional factors may influence estrogen metabolism

76. Nutrients to Promote 2-methoxy estrogens Flax Lignans, Kudzu, Soy, I3C (also Aromatase Inhibitors) Folic Acid, 5-Formyl THF, TMG/DMG, Choline, BetaineHCl, B6, B12 (methyl donors) Magnesium (co-factor for COMT) “The effects of 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME)-induced apoptosis was examined in human leukemia cells(U937 and Jurkat) in relation to mitochondrial injury, oxidative damage, and perturbations in signaling pathways. 2ME induced apoptosis in these cells in a dose-dependent manner”Gao N. et al. 2-Methoxyestradiol-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells proceeds through a reactive oxygen species and Akt-dependent process Oncogene (2005) 24, 3797−3809.ABSTRACT BELOW 2-Methoxyestrogens kill Leukemia cells.

78. 15% Breast

79. 10% Colon & rectum

80. 6% Ovary

81. 6% Pancreas

82. 4% Leukemia

83. 3% Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

84. 3% Uterine corpus

85. 2% Multiple myeloma

86. 2% Brain/ONS

87. 24% All other sitesAntibiotics are associated with increased breast cancer. ONS=Other nervous system. Source: American Cancer Society, 2004.

88. Breast Cancer Conditions causally related to obesity. arthritis, breast cancer, heart disease, colorectal cancer, type 2 diabetes, endometrial cancer, end-stage renal disease, gallbladder disease, hypertension, liver disease, low back pain, renal cell cancer, obstructive sleep apnea, stroke and urinary incontinence. Sexual Dysfunction * Infertility * Fatigue * Depression http://www.obesity.org/treatment/cost.shtml Below ETIOLOGY genetic, endocrine and exogenous factors (28). http://www.kbsplit.hr/rakdojke/breastcancer.htmBelow

89. The Ugly: 3,4-quinones of E2 and E1 Use of CEE (Premarin or PremPro) promotes Presence of BENZENE RING (critical to effect on DNA) [NOTE: also dopamine!] 2-double bonded OXYGENS at the 3 & 4 positions Formation of DNA Adducts (Adenine & Guanine) Leaves a –OH (hydroxyl) “stub” on DNA May be responsible for MANY cancers See work of ErcoleCavalieri, et al Univ Neb.

90. Anti-Oxidant Influences Vitamins A, E, C, D3, Selenium Curcumin (turmeric) Grean Tea (polyphenols like EGCG) Flavonoids Flavonols: myricetin & quercetin Flavones: apigenin & luteolin Flavanones: herperidin & naringenin Flavan-3-ols: catechin, epicatechin, epicatechingallate, epigallocatechin, & EGCG Anthocyanidins: cyanidin, pelargonidin (Umcka)

91. Anti-Oxidant Influences (cont.) Scutellariabarbata extract Astragalus root extract N-acetylcysteine (-> glutathione-S-transferase ->GSH mercapturates) Resveratrol Iodine Methyl-donors (B6, B12, 5-MTF, Di- & Tri-methyl glycine aka betaineHCl (Phase II) Calcium D-glucarate (Phase II)

92. Anti-Oxidant Influences (cont.) Mushrooms (esp. Coriolus & Reishi) Lycopene5 mg PO QD Vitamin D3 (at levels 50-80 ng/mL) Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) [↓ insulin’s ↑ effect on aromatase] Magnesium [necessary co-factor for COMT]

93. PhytocrineInfuences Four types of Hormones Endo-crine (from some other place in body) Auto-crine (from the same place/cell) Para-crine (from an adjacent cell) Phyto-crine (from a plant outside the body) 3 main mechanisms of action (for AGONISTIC action) Functional Mimetic (doesn’t sit on hormone receptor) Improved hormone production (phytohormonogenic) Direct binding to HR (phytohormone) Phyto-estrogen (flax, soy, hops, sesame oil, tofu, etc.) Phyto-progestins (diosgenin) Phyto-androgens (pine pollen extract)

94. PhytocrineInfuences (cont.) Phyto-Anti-Hormones (antagonists) Saw Palmetto (serenoarepens) 320 mg QD Holy Basil (ocimum sanctum) aka Tulsi2 caps QD Nettle root (urticadioca) 300 mg/day Fenugreek (trigonellafoenum-graecum) Sweet fennel (foeniculumvulgare) [beta-sitosterol] Pygeum (africanum) [beta-sitosterol] 100 mg/day Sea buckthorn oil [highest beta-sitosterol content at 1650 mg/100mL]

96. Bladderwrack (iodine source+anti-estrogen)

97. Hops (enhances uptake of iodine & suppresses NF-Kappa B ->↓TNFa & ↓IL-6

98. Coleus forskolii (mimics TSH ↑Na-I-symporter or NIS, promotes secretion of T3 & T4)

99. L-Tyrosine (source of thryoxine backbone)

100. Ashwaganda (↑ production of thryoidhorm.)

102. Guggul, Rosemary oil, Sage, Hops, Coleus and Asragalus all do this to some extent

104. Dosing of Nutraceutical and Products (cont.) Breast Defend (ecoNugenics): DIM, coriolus, reishi, turmeric, scutellaria, quercetin, astragalus1-4 caps PO BID w/food Cell Guardian (Natura): NAC, DIM, CDG, B6, B12, FA, Se, broccoli, cabbage, wasabi & pomegranate 3 caps QD to BID CDG EstroDIM (OrthoMolecular): DIM + Calcium d-glucarate + I3C 2 caps QD w/food DIMension 3 (Xymogen): Turmeric + DIM + Bioperine2 caps QD to BID w/food

105. Dosing of Nutraceutical and Products (cont.) LifeShield Immunity (New Chapter): 18 mushrooms 1 cap BID anytime Reishi (New Chapter) 2 caps QD anytime Coriolus-MRL (Mycology Research Labs) 2 to 6 tablets PO QD Alapars (niacin + NAC) 1 tablet PO TID Clinical Nutrients for Diabetics (ITI) 2 tabs PO w/each meal Methyl-SP (Apex) [B6, B12, FA, Mg, choline, TMG, MSM, beet root, betaineHCl] 2 caps TID

107. Maca-3 (PE) [macamides, macaenes, tuber] 1 cap BID anytime (AM & mid-afternoon)

108. “Obese men are 30% more likely to experience erectile problemsthan those of normal weight.”Lewis RW. Can weight loss improve the erectile function of obese men? Nature Clinical Practice Urology (2004) 1, 68-69 ARTICLE BELOW “Another effective strategy for prolonging the lifespan is caloric restriction: in data presented here, the persistence of estrogen-sensitive cells in the hypothalamus of caloric restricted 22-month-old female mice,may explain the persistence of reproductive function at an age, when reproductive function has long ceased in ad libitum fed controls.”Timiras PS et al. The ageing phenome: caloric restriction and hormones promote neural cell survival, growth, and de-differentiation Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Volume 126, Issue 1 , January 2005, Pages 3-9 ABSTRACT BELOW

109. Dysglycemia Medical Food Dysglycemia Support tabs Dysglycemia Support Alpha Lipoic Acid, Cinnamon, L-carnosine, Taurine, B-vites, Chromium, Zinc, Biotin, Selenium, EGCG, Vanadium, Etc. Containing: 15 Gm N2, 175 kcal, chromium, biotin, cinnamon, etc. Diet, Exercise, Stress Mgmt Exercise & Diabetes are virtually incompatible 2 BID 2 scoops 1 to 5x / day Herbal Glucose Support Neuropathy support Islet Cell Support PPAR support Niacinamide 500 mg, N-acetylcysteine 200 mg. to inhibit PARS, free radical generation, cytokines, and collagenase. Conjugated Linoleic Acid 1 Gm. + Rosemary Leaf 40 mg. tosupport healthy glucose and insulin metabolism through its activation of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma—potent insulin sensitizers. Alpha Lipoid Acid 200 mg/2 tabs to support the health and function of neurological tissue, especially peripheral nerves. Crosses the blood-brain barrier. Fenugreek Seed 6.5:1 Extract 1,000 mg; Bitter Gourd 10:1 Ext. 152 mg; Gymnema Leaf 10:1 Ext. 100 mg 1 or 2 BID PC 600 mg / day 1 or 2 TID 1 or 2 TID

110. Maybe I should consider natural medicine! “OBJECTIVE: Physicians’ suicide rates have repeatedly been reported to be higher than those of the general population or other academics,”“RESULTS: The aggregate suicide rate ratio for male physicians, compared to the general population, was 1.41, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.21–1.65. For female physicians the ratio was 2.27”Schernhammer, ES et al. Suicide Rates Among Physicians: A Quantitative and Gender Assessment (Meta-Analysis), Am J Psychiatry 161:2295-2302, December 2004 PMID: 15569903 Below

111. Be a Badger Aggressiveness, Reliance, Self-Expression The power of the Badger totem is its aggressivenessand the willingness to fight for what it wants.This aggression can also be turned to healing – for Badger is the keeper of Earth's healing herbs. Badger people are quick to express their feelings with concern for the consequences. They are often healers who have the courage to use unconventional methods.Badger has the ability to persist to find a cure. Badger people are often leaders and bosses, the one who will get the job done. If you have a Badger as a totem, you will likely be solitarybut comfortable being alone.You are comfortable within yourself and very self-reliant. Badger anger can get you out of apathy,but be careful not to cut yourself (or others) to ribbons using.Badger is a powerful totem when used properly.

112. Thank you!