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Advanced Electronic Materials II (GIG 742)
Lecture materials in pdf format: http://mse.korea.ac.kr/efml/lec-aem2.htm
Professor : Jong-Heun Lee
Engineering building, Room No. 208, TEL: 3290-3282, jongheun@korea.ac.kr

< Course Description and Objective > ]
Offer the fundamentals of ceramic processing which is related to the fabrication of representative
passive RLC components and their modules such as MLCC (Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitor),
LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics), chip resistor, and chip inductor. The course covers the
ceramic processing issues before sintering, which includes 1) the preparation of ceramic powder and
its characterization, 2) slurry formulation, 3) basic rheology, 4) tape casting, 5) electroding, and 6)
lamination of green sheets. Special focus will be placed upon the fabrication of electronic ceramic
components via tape casting process.

< References >
1. D. J. Shanefield, quot;Organic Additives and Ceramic Processing,quot; Kulwer (1995)
2. P. C. Hiemenz, “Principles of colloid and surface chemistry,” Dekker (1986)
3. 社團法人 日本窯業協會, Ceramic processing: Powder preparation and forming (1984)
4. 齊藤蕂義, “ファインセラミクスの成形と有機材料,”
5. G. Y. Onoda, quot;Ceramic Processing Before Firing,quot; John Wiley & Sons (1978)
6. J. S. Reed, quot;Principle of Ceramics Processing,quot; John Wiley & Sons (1995)

<Grading>
final exam (50%) term paper (20%), report (10%), course attendance (20%)
Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)




                                Coverage of the lecture
     1. The review of the powder preparations
       (Focus was placed upon the electroceramics powder)
     (target): preparation of fine, high-purity, less-agglomerated powder

     2. Study the fundamental of the powder dispersion in liquid
     - The basics of the colloid chemistry
       (electric double layer, Zeta potential, DLVO theory)
     - Electrostatic and Steric stabilization of colloid

     3. The slurry formation for the tape casting
     - The understanding of the organic binder, plasticizer, solvent, dispersant
     - The formulation of above constituents for the good dispersion

     4. The processing issues related with the mass production of passive
        components. (ball milling, deairing, tape casting, drying, electroding
        screen printing, alignment, punching, cutting, and lamination)

Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
Syllabus
     1. Overview
     2. Powder preparation 1: solid state reaction
     3. Powder preparation 2: precipitation
     4. Powder preparation 3: other methods
     5. Powder characterization 1: particle size
     6. Powder characterization 2: BET equation
     7. Mixing and Milling
     8. Compaction
     9. Dispersion of Powder in Liquid 1: Electric Double Layer
     10. Dispersion of Powder in Liquid 2: Gouy-Chapmann Theory
     11. Dispersion of Powder in Liquid 3: Zeta Potential
     12. Dispersion of Powder in Liquid 4 : DLVO theory
     13. MLCC: general
     14. Slurry Preparation and Slip Casting 1
     15. Slurry Preparation and Slip Casting 2: Viscosity
     16. Tape Casting 1
     17. Tape Casting 2
     18. Tape Casting 3: Applications 1
     19. Tape Casting 4: Applications 2
     20. Screen Printing
     21. Chip resistor
     22. LTCC1
     23. LTCC2
     24. Chip inductor and Chip varistor
Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)




         Important powder characteristics in electroceramics
     Starting point 1 :
     - The fabrication of ceramic body with a high melting temperature(Tm)
       using the sintering process at a low temperature(0.7 ~ 0.9Tm)
     - requires the finer particles for the lower sintering temperature

     Starting Point 2 :
     - The high-purity powder preparation for the well-designed the
       electronic properties.
     - requires high-purity source materials and wet-chemical process

     Starting Point 3 : (in the view of electroceramics by mass production)
     - The preparation of well-dispersed slurry with a high solid loading
       (using a minimum binder, plasticizer, solvent, and dispersent)
     - results optimum particle size (1~0.1µm)



Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
Why Fine Powder? To reduce sintering temperature
                                                                        - full density at
    - maximize the driving force for the sintering
                                                                        1000oC
      (excess free energy of surface)
                                                                          ( ~ 0.42 Tm)
    - reduce the sintering temperature
    - provide fast densification kinetics (Herring’s scaling law: t2 =λn t1)
          Ex) CeO2
          - at high temperature
            4CeO2 → 2Ce2O3 + O2 (g)
           : retard the densification
          - Low-temperature sintering
                                                                                  Aggregate
            is desirable!
                                                                                  problem




      J. -G. Li, T. Ikegami, J. -H. Lee, T. Mori, Acta mater. 49, 419-426 (2001)
Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)




                                What is good powder?


         1. Fine
         2. High purity
         3. Narrow particle size distribution
         4. Homogeneous composition
         5. Small agglomeration between primarily particles
         6. Good flowability (for better compaction and screen
         printing)
         7. Stability against atmosphere
         8. Spherical morphology




Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
Design of particle size for electronic ceramics (tape casting)
      For tape casting, the powder should be dispersed in a liquid slurry homogeneously.



       10-3                                10-6                       10-9     10-10(m)
                                           µm
       mm                                                             nm        Å
                    Micro regime                      Nano regime

                                      Driving force for sintering
                       Utilization of the surface and interfacial properties
                 Easy to achieve dispersion              Our challenge
       Weak interaction               Dispersion   Dispersion Severe interaction
       between particles           (current)         (future)   between particles
                                  0.5 -10 µm       30-500 nm     (Van der Waals)
                                   1-5 m2/g        5-100 m2/g

Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)




Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitor: Why Fine Powder 2? downsizing




                        A
         C = ε 0ε r                          For high C in small volume
                        d                    n↑, t ↓ (1005→ 0603 → 0402)
                                             the particle size ↓
        C: Capacitance
        n: number of layer
                                             improvement in
        ε0 : permittivity in vacuum
                                             the dispersion technology
        εr : dielectric constant
                                             improved cutting, aligning,
        A: area
        t: thickness                         electroding

Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
삼성전기, 세계 최소형 MLCC 개발
삼성전기가 세계에서 가장 작고 가벼운 적층세라믹콘덴서(MLCC)를 개발하는데 성공했다. 이에 따라
삼성전기는 MLCC 기술력에서 일본을 처음 추월한 것은 물론 세계 1위 품목의 가능성을 한층 제고한 것으로
평가된다. 삼성전기(대표 강호문)는 머리카락 굵기와 크기가 비슷해 눈으로 형상이
구분되지 않을 정도로 극소형이고 무게도 90㎍으로 초경량인 ‘0402(0.4X0.2mm) MLCC’를
일본 무라타보다 한 발 앞서 개발, 내년 상반기중 양산에 들어간다고 18일 밝혔다.

0402 MLCC는 기존 최소형 제품인 0603 MLCC에 비해 부피가 3분의 1 이하이며 현재 가장
많이 사용중인 1005 MLCC에 비해 그 부피가 15분의 1에 불과한 초소형 제품으로 휴대용
전자기기 초소형화에 파급 효과가 커 향후 그 수요가 기하급수적으로 증가할 것으로 예상되는
제품이다. 또 0402 MLCC는 소주 한 잔 분량의 가격이 1500만원 이상에 달해 금보다 비싼 고부가 제품이다.
삼성전기는 ±2㎛ 수준의 초정밀 내부전극 인쇄기술과 외부전극 폭을 100㎛ 미만으로 형성하는 외부전극 도포
기술을 개발하고 칩의 정확한 형상을 유지하기 위해 압착·절단·연마 공정에 신공법을 도입함으로써 이번에
극소형 MLCC 개발했다고 설명했다.

이 회사 중앙연구소 김재조 상무는 “이번에 세계 최소형 MLCC 개발을 조기에 완료, 선진사와 동등한 수준의
경쟁을 할 수 있는 기반이 마련됐다”며 “삼성전기가 선행 제품 개발 체재에 도입한 이래 처음 얻는 성과라는
점에서 그 의미가 매우 크다”고 말했다. 삼성전기는 2004년 하반기 이후 0603 MLCC와 더불어 0402 MLCC가
초소형 MLCC 시장의 주종을 이루고 단일 품목으로 1조원 이상의 시장을 형성할 것으로 예측, 내년 상반기
중에 양산검증을 완료한 제품을 출시할 계획으로 알려졌다. 또 이 회사는 MLCC를 2007년까지 세계1위
품목으로 육성하기 위해 핵심 원료인 세라믹파우더의 일부 물량을 자체 생산하는 것은 물론 품질 및 프로세스
개선을 통한 원가절감 활동과 고용량 제품의 매출비중 확대를 통해 제품 경쟁력을 강화한다.

삼성전기 김종희 상무는 “0603 MLCC를 일본 무라타보다 2년 늦게 개발, 그동안 일본을 뒤좇아 가는
식이었으나 이번에 0402 제품을 수개월 먼저 개발, 처음 추월한 것으로 파악된다”며 “이번 개발 성공으로
세트업체를 이끌 수 있게 됐다”고 말했다. 단위면적당(cm2) 실장되는 MLCC 수는 모바일기기의 기술발전으로
2001년 약 40개에서 현재 약 50개, 2005년에는 60개로 예측되며 이를 위해 부품의 초소형화가 요구된다.
[전자신문 2003년 9월 19일자 기사]
Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)




                                    Chip inductor




              - noise suppression for high frequency
              - possible to use at range above 100MHz
              - resonance circuits and impedance matching

              -small DC resistance and high Q factor are required

              (major applications)
              1. mobile communications
              2. computer

                             http://www.sem.samsung.co.kr/
Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
Chip resistor




       1. Small size
       2. No lead (surface-mount type) :
          Minimize lead inductance
       3. Trimmable

                             http://www.sem.samsung.co.kr/
Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)




                               Multilayer chip varistor
                                                             VBR = nVg = DVg/d

                                                             small D
                                                             low VBR(<10V)

                                                             D: Thickness between electrode
                                                             Vg: macroscopic breakdown
                                                              voltage per intergranular barrier
                                                             d: grain size


                                                            handheld and portable sets
                                                            for mobile telecommunications




                                  A. Lagrange, Electronic Ceramics, Chapter 1, edited by B.C.H.Steele
Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
Multilayer chip varistor: Low breakdown operation




Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)




               LTCC: Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics
                        Low temperature sintering : ~ 850oC
                        Employ the Ag electrode




                http://www.murata.com/murata/murata.nsf/pages/multilayer/
Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
[2004 신년특집]전자소재시대 열린다 (전자신문 2004년 1월 1일자)

  ◆ 새로운 부품 출현 - 실장 면적 축소가 관건

  ‘단말기 부품의 실장면적을 줄여라’ PDA·디지털캠코더·휴대폰 등 단말기가 하나로 통합(All-in-One Terminal)되면서
  단말기 부품도 덩달아 복합화·고집적화 현상쪽으로 급진전하고 있다. 단말기 부품의 이같은 추세는 휴대폰 등
  단말기의 기능이 다양화되고 크기가 작아질수록 늘어나는 부품수를 최대한 줄이는 것은 물론 부품 실장 면적을
  줄이는 것이 선결 과제이기 때문이다. 이에 따라 삼성전기·LG이노텍 등 업체들은 안테나스위칭모듈(ASM)과
  SAW(표면탄성파)필터를 결합한 ‘프런트 엔드 모듈(FEM) 등 새로운 형태의 차기 복합 부품을 잇따라 선보이거나
  개발중에 있다. FEM은 휴대폰 송수신 신호를 분리시켜주고 여러 주파수 중 필요한 주파수만을 선택해
  통과시켜주는 다기능 핵심 부품이다. 지난해까지는 듀플렉스·스위칭회로 등의 부품을 하나로 합친
  안테나스위칭모듈(ASM)이 주목받았다. 그러나 단말기가 다기능화되고 작아지면서 1년만에 ASM에 SAW필터을
  추가한 새로운 복합 부품인 FEM이 등장한 것. 또 안테나스위치모듈(ASM)·PAM·SAW 듀플렉서 등 3가지 모듈을
  합친 차세대 복합 모듈 개발 열기도 뜨거워지고 있어 단일 기능의 모듈 내지는 VCO 등 부품들은 새로운 복합 모듈에
  자리를 내주고 시장에서 서서히 사라지고 있다.

  고집적화도 활발히 이뤄지고 있다. 실장 면적을 줄이고자 칩사이즈패키징 기술을 이용해 CDMA용 SAW
  듀플렉서와 FEM 크기가 점점 작아지면서 장기적으로 RF 멤스(MEMS) 기술을 이용해 모든 모듈·부품을 원칩(One
  Chip)에 집적시키는 연구가 이뤄지고 있다. 게다가 동영상·위치정보 등 멀티미디어 부가기능이 추가되면서
  적층세라믹콘덴서 (MLCC) 수요가 증가됨에 따라 0603 MLCC 시장도 빠르게 형성될 것으로 전망된다.

  이와 함께 칩세트와 회로설계의 발전으로 콘덴서·저항·인덕트 등 3대 수동 부품들이 기판에 실장되는 게 아니라
  아예 내장되는 쪽으로 기술 개발이 활발히 이뤄지고 있다.

  삼성전기 강석철 그룹장은 “단말기의 고기능화는 부품의 초소형화와 고집적화를 요구하는 한편
  쏘필터·디플렉서·스플리터 등의 부품 사용수를 줄이거나 그 기능을 복합 모듈이 대체하는 쪽으로 부품 시장을
  변화시키고 있다”고 밝혔다.

Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)




     LTCC(Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic)
        삼성전기, 초소형 복합기능
        휴대폰부품 FEM 국내 첫 개발
        게재: 2001년 05월 24일 (전자엔지니어)

       삼성전기가 유럽향 듀얼 휴대폰에 사용되는 핵심부품 FEM(Front End Module)을
    개발했다. 가로(8.4mm) X 세로(5.0mm) X 높이(1.9mm)의 크기로 7개의 낱개 부품을 사용할
    때보다 부피를 80퍼센트 줄여주는 FEM은 휴대폰에 사용되어 송신과 수신신호를 분리시켜
    주며, 여러 주파수 중 필요한 주파수만을 선택해 통과시켜주는 역할을 담당하는 다기능
    부품이다. 이 부품은 기존 부품보다 가격면에서 25퍼센트 저렴하다.
       삼성전기 측은 이 제품의 개발을 위해 1mm 높이의 LTCC(저온 소성 세라믹)기판에 적층
    설계 기법을 사용하여 13층의 회로를 구현했으며, SAW 필터를 내장시켜 고주파 회로에서
    저항을 최소화하는데 성공했다고 전했다. 일본의 히타치 외에 다른 업체들이 모두 개발 중에
    있는 FEM은 히타치 제품에 비해 크기가 작아 큰 호응을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다.
       올해 세계 휴대폰 시장의 예상 규모가 5억3천만 대이고 그 중 60퍼센트가 유럽향
    휴대폰이며, 그 대부분이 듀얼폰임을 감안할 때 FEM의 시장규모는 4억 달러 이상이 될
    것으로 예상된다. 삼성전기 FEM의 본격 양산은 올 4사분기에 시작되며, 국내에서 최초
    생산되지만 중국 시장 공략을 위해 텐진 공장에서 대량 생산을 할 계획이다.
       삼성전기는 연간 1천만 대 이상의 유럽향 휴대폰을 생산하는 국내 휴대폰 업체들에
    FEM을 공급해 1천만불 이상의 수입대체 효과를 거둘 것이며, 앞으로 플립칩 SAW 필터를
    적용한 6.5 X 5.2 X 1.8mm의 초소형 제품을 개발, US PCD 대역까지 커버하는 트리플모드
    복합제품도 개발할 것이라고 밝혔다.

Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
Bluetooth




    What is Bluetooth? New communication standard for wireless connectivity.
    Why the name Bluetooth? Bluetooth was named after 10th Century Danish King
    Harold Bluetooth. King Harold was credited with uniting the provinces of
    Denmark under a single crown. Bluetooth technology is suppose to unite all
    different digital devices under a single standard of connection.

Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)




                                                         Bluetooth
    Bluetooth is a global de facto
    standard for wireless
    connectivity. Based on a low-
    cost, short-range radio link,
    Bluetooth cuts the cords that         (Potential Applications)
    used to tie up digital devices.       ♦ Laptop PC, PDA
                                          ♦ Cordless Phone
    When two Bluetooth equipped
                                          ♦ Cellular/Digital Handsets
    devices come within 10 meters
                                          ♦ Wireless Headsets
    range of each other, they can
    establish a connection together.      ♦ WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
    And because Bluetooth utilizes a         Cards
    radio-based link, it doesn't
                                          ♦ Digital Camera
    require a line-of-sight connection
                                          ♦ WAN Devices (Wide Area Networks)
    in order to communicate.
                                          ♦ PAN Devices (Personal Area Networks)
                                          ♦ Wireless Barcode Scanners
    Your laptop could send
    information to a printer in the       ♦ Wireless PC Accessories
    next room, or your microwave            (Printers, Mouse, keyboard, etc)
    could send a message to your
    mobile phone telling you that
    your meal is ready.
           From www.nokia.com
Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
SOFC(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell)
                                                    High ratio of energy conversion (~60%)
                                                    Power-generation module
                                                    (Breakthrough) Preparation of
                                                     Defect-free & wide-area 8YSZ sheet



    Anode supported cell
    from the brochure of InDEC B.V.




    Expanded view of SOFC
    from http://www.spice.or.jp/~fisher/sofc.html


Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)




         Powder                             Powder
         Preparation                        Characterization
                                                                   Dispersion of
                                                                   Powder


                                                                           Slurry
                                                                           Formulation

                      Applications                                 Tape Casting
                      - MLCC
                                                    Electroding
                      - LTCC
                                                    Lamination
                      - Chip R, L, C
                      - SOFC


Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)

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Aem Lect1

  • 1. Advanced Electronic Materials II (GIG 742) Lecture materials in pdf format: http://mse.korea.ac.kr/efml/lec-aem2.htm Professor : Jong-Heun Lee Engineering building, Room No. 208, TEL: 3290-3282, jongheun@korea.ac.kr < Course Description and Objective > ] Offer the fundamentals of ceramic processing which is related to the fabrication of representative passive RLC components and their modules such as MLCC (Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitor), LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics), chip resistor, and chip inductor. The course covers the ceramic processing issues before sintering, which includes 1) the preparation of ceramic powder and its characterization, 2) slurry formulation, 3) basic rheology, 4) tape casting, 5) electroding, and 6) lamination of green sheets. Special focus will be placed upon the fabrication of electronic ceramic components via tape casting process. < References > 1. D. J. Shanefield, quot;Organic Additives and Ceramic Processing,quot; Kulwer (1995) 2. P. C. Hiemenz, “Principles of colloid and surface chemistry,” Dekker (1986) 3. 社團法人 日本窯業協會, Ceramic processing: Powder preparation and forming (1984) 4. 齊藤蕂義, “ファインセラミクスの成形と有機材料,” 5. G. Y. Onoda, quot;Ceramic Processing Before Firing,quot; John Wiley & Sons (1978) 6. J. S. Reed, quot;Principle of Ceramics Processing,quot; John Wiley & Sons (1995) <Grading> final exam (50%) term paper (20%), report (10%), course attendance (20%) Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004) Coverage of the lecture 1. The review of the powder preparations (Focus was placed upon the electroceramics powder) (target): preparation of fine, high-purity, less-agglomerated powder 2. Study the fundamental of the powder dispersion in liquid - The basics of the colloid chemistry (electric double layer, Zeta potential, DLVO theory) - Electrostatic and Steric stabilization of colloid 3. The slurry formation for the tape casting - The understanding of the organic binder, plasticizer, solvent, dispersant - The formulation of above constituents for the good dispersion 4. The processing issues related with the mass production of passive components. (ball milling, deairing, tape casting, drying, electroding screen printing, alignment, punching, cutting, and lamination) Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
  • 2. Syllabus 1. Overview 2. Powder preparation 1: solid state reaction 3. Powder preparation 2: precipitation 4. Powder preparation 3: other methods 5. Powder characterization 1: particle size 6. Powder characterization 2: BET equation 7. Mixing and Milling 8. Compaction 9. Dispersion of Powder in Liquid 1: Electric Double Layer 10. Dispersion of Powder in Liquid 2: Gouy-Chapmann Theory 11. Dispersion of Powder in Liquid 3: Zeta Potential 12. Dispersion of Powder in Liquid 4 : DLVO theory 13. MLCC: general 14. Slurry Preparation and Slip Casting 1 15. Slurry Preparation and Slip Casting 2: Viscosity 16. Tape Casting 1 17. Tape Casting 2 18. Tape Casting 3: Applications 1 19. Tape Casting 4: Applications 2 20. Screen Printing 21. Chip resistor 22. LTCC1 23. LTCC2 24. Chip inductor and Chip varistor Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004) Important powder characteristics in electroceramics Starting point 1 : - The fabrication of ceramic body with a high melting temperature(Tm) using the sintering process at a low temperature(0.7 ~ 0.9Tm) - requires the finer particles for the lower sintering temperature Starting Point 2 : - The high-purity powder preparation for the well-designed the electronic properties. - requires high-purity source materials and wet-chemical process Starting Point 3 : (in the view of electroceramics by mass production) - The preparation of well-dispersed slurry with a high solid loading (using a minimum binder, plasticizer, solvent, and dispersent) - results optimum particle size (1~0.1µm) Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
  • 3. Why Fine Powder? To reduce sintering temperature - full density at - maximize the driving force for the sintering 1000oC (excess free energy of surface) ( ~ 0.42 Tm) - reduce the sintering temperature - provide fast densification kinetics (Herring’s scaling law: t2 =λn t1) Ex) CeO2 - at high temperature 4CeO2 → 2Ce2O3 + O2 (g) : retard the densification - Low-temperature sintering Aggregate is desirable! problem J. -G. Li, T. Ikegami, J. -H. Lee, T. Mori, Acta mater. 49, 419-426 (2001) Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004) What is good powder? 1. Fine 2. High purity 3. Narrow particle size distribution 4. Homogeneous composition 5. Small agglomeration between primarily particles 6. Good flowability (for better compaction and screen printing) 7. Stability against atmosphere 8. Spherical morphology Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
  • 4. Design of particle size for electronic ceramics (tape casting) For tape casting, the powder should be dispersed in a liquid slurry homogeneously. 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-10(m) µm mm nm Å Micro regime Nano regime Driving force for sintering Utilization of the surface and interfacial properties Easy to achieve dispersion Our challenge Weak interaction Dispersion Dispersion Severe interaction between particles (current) (future) between particles 0.5 -10 µm 30-500 nm (Van der Waals) 1-5 m2/g 5-100 m2/g Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004) Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitor: Why Fine Powder 2? downsizing A C = ε 0ε r For high C in small volume d n↑, t ↓ (1005→ 0603 → 0402) the particle size ↓ C: Capacitance n: number of layer improvement in ε0 : permittivity in vacuum the dispersion technology εr : dielectric constant improved cutting, aligning, A: area t: thickness electroding Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
  • 5. 삼성전기, 세계 최소형 MLCC 개발 삼성전기가 세계에서 가장 작고 가벼운 적층세라믹콘덴서(MLCC)를 개발하는데 성공했다. 이에 따라 삼성전기는 MLCC 기술력에서 일본을 처음 추월한 것은 물론 세계 1위 품목의 가능성을 한층 제고한 것으로 평가된다. 삼성전기(대표 강호문)는 머리카락 굵기와 크기가 비슷해 눈으로 형상이 구분되지 않을 정도로 극소형이고 무게도 90㎍으로 초경량인 ‘0402(0.4X0.2mm) MLCC’를 일본 무라타보다 한 발 앞서 개발, 내년 상반기중 양산에 들어간다고 18일 밝혔다. 0402 MLCC는 기존 최소형 제품인 0603 MLCC에 비해 부피가 3분의 1 이하이며 현재 가장 많이 사용중인 1005 MLCC에 비해 그 부피가 15분의 1에 불과한 초소형 제품으로 휴대용 전자기기 초소형화에 파급 효과가 커 향후 그 수요가 기하급수적으로 증가할 것으로 예상되는 제품이다. 또 0402 MLCC는 소주 한 잔 분량의 가격이 1500만원 이상에 달해 금보다 비싼 고부가 제품이다. 삼성전기는 ±2㎛ 수준의 초정밀 내부전극 인쇄기술과 외부전극 폭을 100㎛ 미만으로 형성하는 외부전극 도포 기술을 개발하고 칩의 정확한 형상을 유지하기 위해 압착·절단·연마 공정에 신공법을 도입함으로써 이번에 극소형 MLCC 개발했다고 설명했다. 이 회사 중앙연구소 김재조 상무는 “이번에 세계 최소형 MLCC 개발을 조기에 완료, 선진사와 동등한 수준의 경쟁을 할 수 있는 기반이 마련됐다”며 “삼성전기가 선행 제품 개발 체재에 도입한 이래 처음 얻는 성과라는 점에서 그 의미가 매우 크다”고 말했다. 삼성전기는 2004년 하반기 이후 0603 MLCC와 더불어 0402 MLCC가 초소형 MLCC 시장의 주종을 이루고 단일 품목으로 1조원 이상의 시장을 형성할 것으로 예측, 내년 상반기 중에 양산검증을 완료한 제품을 출시할 계획으로 알려졌다. 또 이 회사는 MLCC를 2007년까지 세계1위 품목으로 육성하기 위해 핵심 원료인 세라믹파우더의 일부 물량을 자체 생산하는 것은 물론 품질 및 프로세스 개선을 통한 원가절감 활동과 고용량 제품의 매출비중 확대를 통해 제품 경쟁력을 강화한다. 삼성전기 김종희 상무는 “0603 MLCC를 일본 무라타보다 2년 늦게 개발, 그동안 일본을 뒤좇아 가는 식이었으나 이번에 0402 제품을 수개월 먼저 개발, 처음 추월한 것으로 파악된다”며 “이번 개발 성공으로 세트업체를 이끌 수 있게 됐다”고 말했다. 단위면적당(cm2) 실장되는 MLCC 수는 모바일기기의 기술발전으로 2001년 약 40개에서 현재 약 50개, 2005년에는 60개로 예측되며 이를 위해 부품의 초소형화가 요구된다. [전자신문 2003년 9월 19일자 기사] Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004) Chip inductor - noise suppression for high frequency - possible to use at range above 100MHz - resonance circuits and impedance matching -small DC resistance and high Q factor are required (major applications) 1. mobile communications 2. computer http://www.sem.samsung.co.kr/ Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
  • 6. Chip resistor 1. Small size 2. No lead (surface-mount type) : Minimize lead inductance 3. Trimmable http://www.sem.samsung.co.kr/ Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004) Multilayer chip varistor VBR = nVg = DVg/d small D low VBR(<10V) D: Thickness between electrode Vg: macroscopic breakdown voltage per intergranular barrier d: grain size handheld and portable sets for mobile telecommunications A. Lagrange, Electronic Ceramics, Chapter 1, edited by B.C.H.Steele Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
  • 7. Multilayer chip varistor: Low breakdown operation Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004) LTCC: Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics Low temperature sintering : ~ 850oC Employ the Ag electrode http://www.murata.com/murata/murata.nsf/pages/multilayer/ Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
  • 8. [2004 신년특집]전자소재시대 열린다 (전자신문 2004년 1월 1일자) ◆ 새로운 부품 출현 - 실장 면적 축소가 관건 ‘단말기 부품의 실장면적을 줄여라’ PDA·디지털캠코더·휴대폰 등 단말기가 하나로 통합(All-in-One Terminal)되면서 단말기 부품도 덩달아 복합화·고집적화 현상쪽으로 급진전하고 있다. 단말기 부품의 이같은 추세는 휴대폰 등 단말기의 기능이 다양화되고 크기가 작아질수록 늘어나는 부품수를 최대한 줄이는 것은 물론 부품 실장 면적을 줄이는 것이 선결 과제이기 때문이다. 이에 따라 삼성전기·LG이노텍 등 업체들은 안테나스위칭모듈(ASM)과 SAW(표면탄성파)필터를 결합한 ‘프런트 엔드 모듈(FEM) 등 새로운 형태의 차기 복합 부품을 잇따라 선보이거나 개발중에 있다. FEM은 휴대폰 송수신 신호를 분리시켜주고 여러 주파수 중 필요한 주파수만을 선택해 통과시켜주는 다기능 핵심 부품이다. 지난해까지는 듀플렉스·스위칭회로 등의 부품을 하나로 합친 안테나스위칭모듈(ASM)이 주목받았다. 그러나 단말기가 다기능화되고 작아지면서 1년만에 ASM에 SAW필터을 추가한 새로운 복합 부품인 FEM이 등장한 것. 또 안테나스위치모듈(ASM)·PAM·SAW 듀플렉서 등 3가지 모듈을 합친 차세대 복합 모듈 개발 열기도 뜨거워지고 있어 단일 기능의 모듈 내지는 VCO 등 부품들은 새로운 복합 모듈에 자리를 내주고 시장에서 서서히 사라지고 있다. 고집적화도 활발히 이뤄지고 있다. 실장 면적을 줄이고자 칩사이즈패키징 기술을 이용해 CDMA용 SAW 듀플렉서와 FEM 크기가 점점 작아지면서 장기적으로 RF 멤스(MEMS) 기술을 이용해 모든 모듈·부품을 원칩(One Chip)에 집적시키는 연구가 이뤄지고 있다. 게다가 동영상·위치정보 등 멀티미디어 부가기능이 추가되면서 적층세라믹콘덴서 (MLCC) 수요가 증가됨에 따라 0603 MLCC 시장도 빠르게 형성될 것으로 전망된다. 이와 함께 칩세트와 회로설계의 발전으로 콘덴서·저항·인덕트 등 3대 수동 부품들이 기판에 실장되는 게 아니라 아예 내장되는 쪽으로 기술 개발이 활발히 이뤄지고 있다. 삼성전기 강석철 그룹장은 “단말기의 고기능화는 부품의 초소형화와 고집적화를 요구하는 한편 쏘필터·디플렉서·스플리터 등의 부품 사용수를 줄이거나 그 기능을 복합 모듈이 대체하는 쪽으로 부품 시장을 변화시키고 있다”고 밝혔다. Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004) LTCC(Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic) 삼성전기, 초소형 복합기능 휴대폰부품 FEM 국내 첫 개발 게재: 2001년 05월 24일 (전자엔지니어) 삼성전기가 유럽향 듀얼 휴대폰에 사용되는 핵심부품 FEM(Front End Module)을 개발했다. 가로(8.4mm) X 세로(5.0mm) X 높이(1.9mm)의 크기로 7개의 낱개 부품을 사용할 때보다 부피를 80퍼센트 줄여주는 FEM은 휴대폰에 사용되어 송신과 수신신호를 분리시켜 주며, 여러 주파수 중 필요한 주파수만을 선택해 통과시켜주는 역할을 담당하는 다기능 부품이다. 이 부품은 기존 부품보다 가격면에서 25퍼센트 저렴하다. 삼성전기 측은 이 제품의 개발을 위해 1mm 높이의 LTCC(저온 소성 세라믹)기판에 적층 설계 기법을 사용하여 13층의 회로를 구현했으며, SAW 필터를 내장시켜 고주파 회로에서 저항을 최소화하는데 성공했다고 전했다. 일본의 히타치 외에 다른 업체들이 모두 개발 중에 있는 FEM은 히타치 제품에 비해 크기가 작아 큰 호응을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. 올해 세계 휴대폰 시장의 예상 규모가 5억3천만 대이고 그 중 60퍼센트가 유럽향 휴대폰이며, 그 대부분이 듀얼폰임을 감안할 때 FEM의 시장규모는 4억 달러 이상이 될 것으로 예상된다. 삼성전기 FEM의 본격 양산은 올 4사분기에 시작되며, 국내에서 최초 생산되지만 중국 시장 공략을 위해 텐진 공장에서 대량 생산을 할 계획이다. 삼성전기는 연간 1천만 대 이상의 유럽향 휴대폰을 생산하는 국내 휴대폰 업체들에 FEM을 공급해 1천만불 이상의 수입대체 효과를 거둘 것이며, 앞으로 플립칩 SAW 필터를 적용한 6.5 X 5.2 X 1.8mm의 초소형 제품을 개발, US PCD 대역까지 커버하는 트리플모드 복합제품도 개발할 것이라고 밝혔다. Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
  • 9. Bluetooth What is Bluetooth? New communication standard for wireless connectivity. Why the name Bluetooth? Bluetooth was named after 10th Century Danish King Harold Bluetooth. King Harold was credited with uniting the provinces of Denmark under a single crown. Bluetooth technology is suppose to unite all different digital devices under a single standard of connection. Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004) Bluetooth Bluetooth is a global de facto standard for wireless connectivity. Based on a low- cost, short-range radio link, Bluetooth cuts the cords that (Potential Applications) used to tie up digital devices. ♦ Laptop PC, PDA ♦ Cordless Phone When two Bluetooth equipped ♦ Cellular/Digital Handsets devices come within 10 meters ♦ Wireless Headsets range of each other, they can establish a connection together. ♦ WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) And because Bluetooth utilizes a Cards radio-based link, it doesn't ♦ Digital Camera require a line-of-sight connection ♦ WAN Devices (Wide Area Networks) in order to communicate. ♦ PAN Devices (Personal Area Networks) ♦ Wireless Barcode Scanners Your laptop could send information to a printer in the ♦ Wireless PC Accessories next room, or your microwave (Printers, Mouse, keyboard, etc) could send a message to your mobile phone telling you that your meal is ready. From www.nokia.com Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)
  • 10. SOFC(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) High ratio of energy conversion (~60%) Power-generation module (Breakthrough) Preparation of Defect-free & wide-area 8YSZ sheet Anode supported cell from the brochure of InDEC B.V. Expanded view of SOFC from http://www.spice.or.jp/~fisher/sofc.html Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004) Powder Powder Preparation Characterization Dispersion of Powder Slurry Formulation Applications Tape Casting - MLCC Electroding - LTCC Lamination - Chip R, L, C - SOFC Advanced Electronic Ceramics I (2004)