Seasonal And Spatial Variation Of Diffuse ( Non Point )...

Seasonal And Spatial Variation Of Diffuse ( Non Point )...
0A.P. Jarvis – Seasonal and spatial variation of diffuse (non–point) source zinc pollution in a
historically metal mined river catchment, UK. 1. Introduction: Gozzard et al's. (2011) study focuses
on the importance of each, point source and diffuse (non–point) zinc (Zn) pollution in the River
West Allen Catchment (RWAC) in the North Pennine Ore field. The River West Allen (RWA) has
been subject to historical Zinc mining which came to a halt in the 1970's but has consequently left
abandoned Zinc mines which contributes as a source of pollution to the River West Allen (RWA)
(Gozzard et al. 2011). Zinc in its most ecotoxic form, Zn2+, is a concern for the ecology and benthic
fauna of river systems. In addition, the EU's implementation of ... Show more content on
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Thus, calculating the contribution of diffuse Zinc sources into the river. 2. Results and Discussion:
By using the techniques above to measure Zinc concentrations at high and low flow for 15 months,
Gozzard et al. (2011) found that point source Zinc pollution plays a role in discharging Zinc into
RWA but is more prominent during low flow events. This is due to exposure of shafts during low
flow which in turn encourages exchange between ground and surface waters. Gozzard et al. (2011)
uses Vink et al.'s (1999) statement that the interaction between surface water and ground water is a
"major pathway for contaminant transfer", thus using the statement to justify a similar mechanism in
the RWAC at low flow. In addition, during low flow conditions, the RWA is supersaturated with
minerals which results in a sink for zinc, which explains that the reduction of Zinc is likely due to
the adsorption of Zinc onto the river's sediment. Gozzard et al. (2011) conclude that point source
mine discharge is the biggest contributor of Zinc in the RWA during low flow conditions. However,
during high flow, point source mine discharge into the river is not as significant due to the dilution
effect of the water on zinc in the river. However, in the middle part of the catchment, a steady rise
occurs which suggests that diffuse sources of Zinc are present. As previously stated, formerly
deposited and/or adsorbed Zinc on surface rock during low flow may be
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Comparison Between City London And New Orleans
I will compare my city London to New Orleans. I will investigate and compare them to each other
which is going to be easy I hope you enjoy me explaining to you their similarities and difference.
Landforms: New Orleans, Louisiana has a river named Mississippi Rivers, wet marsh land, Sabine
uplifts are Shallow, muddy seas advanced and retreated over the coastal and river plains many times,
and gray clay deposited under these seas now forms the aquifers of northern Louisiana. Which are
and has no mountains; they also have Coastal wetlands is a river on steep terrain moves rapidly and
picks up sediments, but on flat terrain, rivers move slowly and drop sediments. It also has Salt
Domes which also London doesn't have either. In London England has hills named the Cheviot Hills
which are located in England and are a range of low mountains forming a border between England
and Scotland. They extend 35 miles (56 km) is a north–eastern to south–western direction. The hills
are part of the Northumberland National Park. They have Pennines which are located in the north;
they are a large chain of limestone hills with moorland tops rising to between 600 and 900 metres.
The chain runs from Scotland to halfway down the length of England, splitting northern England
into northwest and northeast sectors. The Pennines are sometimes called the backbone of England.
Other names for the Pennines are Pennine Chain or Pennine Hills. They have mountains named
Cumbrian Mountains. They also have lakes

Paraffin Wax : It 's Not Just For Candles !
Paraffin Wax: It's Not Just for Candles!
If you have dabbled in candle making, then you probably know how useful paraffin wax is for such
a project; but did you know that this versatile substance may be used for a wide range of other
purposes? I recently did some research on paraffin wax because I had read that it is utilized for
arthritis pain management; I must admit that I was fairly surprised to learn this! I have certainly
used plenty of the stuff in my candle making adventures, and I knew it was an ingredient for other
craft projects – from crayon production to wax relief painting to creating wax hand replicas.
However, paraffin wax may also be used for a broad assortment of practical purposes. Below, I will
share with you some of the uses I discovered in my research. Perhaps you will be able to apply a
few of them in your own life – I am planning to implement several of these ideas, myself!
*A tip for saving time and money: To perform some of these tasks, you will need a bar of wax to rub
on various surfaces. Since I usually have plenty of paraffin wax beads available for my craft
projects, I feel that purchasing a bar of wax would simply be a waste of money. I can just as easily
melt the beads, pour them in the mould of my choice, and quickly create a unit of wax that could
easily be applied as needed.
Arthritis Relief
As I mentioned above, paraffin wax may be used for pain management by people who have arthritis.
By heating the wax, you can utilise

NHS Healthcare: A Glossary Analysis
Waiting lists play a key role in the perception and experience of NHS healthcare within the United
Kingdom, and are also a central feature of funded healthcare systems in other countries (Bosch,
1998; Derrett et al., 1999). Waiting lists have remained problematic throughout the last 50 years
despite numerous political attempts to address the issue (Frankel, 1993). They function partly as a
rationing tool to manage the differences between supply and demand (Gravelle et al., 2003), and
may indicate that rationing is indeed a required response to overall discrepancies between supply
and demand in a public system which is free at the point of access (Frankel, 2000). More recently,
the emphasis of policy has moved from waiting lists to waiting times as it is recognised that patients
are more concerned about how promptly they are seen as opposed to their order ranking (Hamblin et
al., 1999). Since the publication of the NHS Plan in 2000, the principle response to this issue within
in physical healthcare provision has been the introduction of maximum waiting time targets against
which performance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In No Health Without Mental Health (2011) and Closing the Gap (2014), the government outlined
its commitment to achieving parity of esteem for mental health, prolonged waiting times to
accessing services and then treatment being an obvious gap in parity. As a result, in October 2014,
the Department of Health and NHS England jointly published Improving access to mental health
services by 2020, which outlined a set of mental health access and waiting time standards to be
adopted nationwide. An ambition has been set out which includes ensuring that 75% of people
referred to the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services being treated within 6
weeks of referral, and 95% being treated within 18 weeks of

Osteochondromas
Osteochondroma is an outgrowth of the growth plate and is made up of both bone and cartilage.The
incidence of spinal osteochondromas varies, depending upon solitary or multiple forms.Solitary
Osteochondromas are seen in 2nd and 3rd decades with male:female ratio (2.5:1). In literature
occurrence of spinal Osteochondromas in old age also have been reported(2). The most common
symptoms of osteochondroma is a nontender, painless, cosmetic deformity and slowly enlarging
exophytic mass. Complications of osteochondroma is bony deformity, vascular occlusion, fracture,
bursa formation, neurologic deficits and malignant transformation(3). In our case, osteochondroma
arising from the right pedicle of the C2 vertebra. Several reports of C2 osteochondroma did not
present with neurological deficits have been previously reported in the literature(4). The
radiographic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A rare case of solitary osteochondroma of the dens of the C2 vertebra.ActaNeurochir.2007;149:637–
638.(PubMed) 5. Sujata Patnaik1, Y Jyotsnarani1, Shantiveer G Uppin2, Rammurti Susarla1 1
Department of Radiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India–
Imaging features of primary tumours of the spine:A pictorial essay.

Environmental Pollution
Let have a critical look at our environment as a complex system with many different interaction
between its different components making life possible on earth. Unfortunately, human activities over
the years have adversely affected the chemical, biological, physical and social component of the
natural environment leading to environmental pollution and climatic change. In the United Kingdom
for example, the 'Great Smog of 1952' cannot be forgotten in history when we talk about
environmental pollution and it effect on human. The great smog of 1952 which was formed from
steady smog missed with soot and sulphur dioxide from coal burning occurred killed 12,000 people
in the United Kingdom killed (Fullerton 2016). This in addition to other serious environmental
pollution and their effect on the environment and human has greatly affected policies and control of
emissions into the environment. (Dunnings, ND)
In other to control further pollution to the environment, environmental modelling has been a crucial
tool in predicting the short and long term effects of human activities and pollutant in the
environment. "EPA.gov (2017) define modelling as a simplification of reality that is constructed to
gain insights into select attributes of a physical, biological, economic, or social system. A formal
representation of the behaviour of system processes, often in mathematical or statistical terms. The
basis can also be physical or conceptual."
Scientists have developed quiet a number of

Castleton Tourism Case Study
In this case study I will be investigating the hypothesis 'Tourism in Castleton is managed
effectively.' I will be investigating tourism in Castleton and how well they manage it, and the
measures they take to control it. I will then decide whether the hypothesis is true or false. I will
answer the key question 'Where is Castleton?' because it is important to know the area and how
easily accessed it is and just how many tourists it gets because of its location. I will also answer the
key question 'What issues surround tourism and what impact does it have on certain areas?' because
it is important to know about how much tourism Castleton gets to see if it even needs managing in
the first place. I will also answer 'What strategies are used to manage tourism?' Because this will
help to decide if Castleton does try to manage the tourism, 'Is tourism important to the ... Show more
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6% are owned by the National Trust, another 6% by the Forestry Commission, 3% by Water
Companies, another 3% by the Ministry of Defence, and 2% by Local Councils. These people use
their land for their own purposes as well as the aims of National Parks. Farmers use it to keep
livestock in and grow crops, and the Forestry Commission uses it to plant and chop down trees.
Because of all these different ways of using land in National Parks, many conflicts have arisen in the
past, and are still arising today. Tourists and walkers dislike the quarries being dug in National Parks
for mining, and so local councils have ordered these to be covered with trees to hide them from
public views. The locals and conservationists get irritated by tourists who damage footpaths and
disturb wildlife in the area. All of the people using National Parks get annoyed with each other
because of their decided use for the land, and the local councils try very hard to control these
conflicts and solve them in a way that makes everyone

Coxwold Research Paper
This scenic walk explores the western fringe of the Howardian Hills. There are superb views across
the Vale of York and Kilburn's White Horse is visible throughout most of the walk. Coxwold is one
of England's most beautiful villages with elegant houses and cottages lining its broad main street.
Notable buildings include: five almshouses, founded in 1662 as a hospital for ten poor persons; and
the Old Hall, a former Grammar School, founded in 1603 by Sir John Harte from Kilburn, who had
been the Lord Mayor of London in 1589. However, the most prominent building in the village is St
Michael's Church with its stately octagonal tower. The church dates from the fifteenth century and
stands unchanged, apart from minor repairs. Inside, several magnificent memorials pay tribute to the
Fauconberg and Belasyse families. The oldest of these is the altar tomb bearing the date 1603, which
shows the recumbent effigies of Sir William Belasyse and his wife Margaret. The base of the
wooden lectern stand has the carving of a mouse, the trademark of renowned woodcarver Robert
Thompson, the 'Mouseman of Kilburn'. At the top of the village stands Shandy Hall, former home of
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Large gardens with productive orchards of apple, pear and plum trees became part of the village
economy. In addition, selling of the fruit crop provided a sizeable income and often paid a tenants
rent for the full year. Evidently, Husthwaite supplied fruit to the Whitby whaling fleet and the boat
owners presented some whale jawbones to the village in the 1800s, which once formed an arch
across the Malton road. By the late 1960s, many of the existing orchards had disappeared, leaving
very little evidence of the village's heritage. Nevertheless, in 2009 a project started by the village
history society saw a revival in commercial growing to fund a variety of projects within the

The Foss Walk
This pleasant walk, starting from the hilltop village of Crayke, follows part of the Foss Walk to
Oulston. Due to the agricultural nature of the valley, ploughed fields and crops are likely; therefore
parts of the walk may be muddy.
The village stands on the steep, southern slopes of Castle Hill and its name derives from the Celtic
word 'creig' meaning crag or rock. There has been a settlement here since at least AD 685, when
Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria gave Crayke, together with all the land within a three–mile radius, to
St Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne. Shortly afterwards, St Cuthbert established a monastery,
adjacent to the site of the present castle, which survived until Danish marauders destroyed it towards
the end of the ninth century. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The spacious, well–kept green has a circle of stones marking the site of the old draw–well and the
building which enclosed it until the 1940s. Several houses in the village have a black and white crest
set into their front walls. The crest bears the monogram GOW below the figure of a unicorn,
representing Sir George Orby Wombwell of Newburgh Priory, who fought in the Crimean War
against Imperial Russia. On October 25th, 1854, Sir George took part in the suicidal charge, down a
'valley of death' against a battery of Russian artillery, which became known as the Charge of the
Light Brigade. Despite having his horse shot from under him, Sir George survived; he managed to
capture a riderless horse and eventually returned to the British

Essay on The Effect of the Industrial Revolution on the...
The aims of this paper are to evaluate the effects the Industrial Revolution had on the wider world.
This essay will be assessing the impact of technology and innovation on employment of the era, and
how the factory system gave rise to socialism. In addition, it will be evaluating how the Industrial
Revolution was the precursor to the phenomenon of consumerism and the resulting globalization.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where agriculture, manufacturing,
transportation, and technology went through a period of significant change. These changes had a
profound impact on the social and cultural conditions of the time, beginning in the Untied Kingdom
and spreading throughout Western Europe, North America, and ... Show more content on
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The textile factory system of the United Kingdom was mainly located around the areas of Greater
Manchester and the towns of Pennines and Lancashire. These areas would become the bedrock of
the textile industry in Britain, as Rosen states: 'The true industrialization of Britain, and
subsequently, the world, depended on a commodity that could attract consumers not by the
thousands, but the millions' . A commodity, like, for example: cotton.
The textile industry, which came to make up the majority of Britain's factory system, was going
through a period of substantial change. The pre–industrial cloth industry, consisting mainly of wool,
was organized on the domestic system by using hand–powered machinery. By 1850, this system was
giving way to steam power and the factory system, and the primacy of wool was replaced with the
primacy of cotton . The invention of James Hargreaves' 'Spinning Jenny' and Richard Arkwright's
'Water Frame' had already revolutionized the textile industry, however, the development of the
'Mule', so–called because it was a cross between the Jenny and Water Frame, by Samuel Crompton,
led to the rapid establishment of many cotton mills. The 'Mule', which incorporated the steam engine
to increase its output, would produce seven times as much cloth as hand operated looms. This led
many employers rushing to replace male hand weavers with machines, as noted by Richard Guest in
his 1823 publication Compendium History of Cotton–Manufacture: 'the same

Ogwyn Research Paper
With less than three months remaining until he attempts one of the most brazen stunts in television
history, high–altitude climber Joby Ogwyn on Wednesday tested his wingsuit in his native
California, and gave some insight into how he plans to pull off the stunt. In May, Ogwyn will
attempt to climb Mount Everest, then execute the first wingsuit flight from the summit of the world's
tallest mountain, with Discovery Channel broadcasting the event live to more than 200 countries.
According to The Telegraph, "viewers will see Ogwyn say a quick prayer, take a few sucks from an
oxygen mask, and throw himself into the void." "I wish I had a nickel for every time I've heard I'm
crazy," Ogwyn told The Telegraph moments after his test flight at Perris airfield. ... Show more
This main event will be preceded by shows about Ogwyn's extensive training and preparation.
Ogwyn believes that if anyone in the world can pull it off, he's the one. He reportedly climbed the
mountain in less than 10 hours (or more than two–and–a–half days shorter than the average
ascension). According to The Telegraph, Ogwyn has flown his wingsuit around the Matterhorn and
jumped off the Eiger three times in one day. For comparison, the peak of Everest, in the Himalayas,
is 29,029 feet; Matterhorn, in the Pennine Alps on the Switzerland–Italy border, reaches 14,692 feet;
and Eiger peaks at 13,025 feet in the Bernese Alps in Switzerland. According to The Telegraph: Due
to conditions and wind, Ogwyn knows he could end up in virtually any type of terrain, from his
body smashed into the side of the mountain to his feet landing on Chinese

Accounting for Non Accounting Students
inggLecturer's Guide Accounting for Non–accounting Students Sixth edition J R Dyson ISBN 0 273
68301 2 © Pearson Education Limited 2004 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to
download the manual as required. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex
CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies around the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at:
www.pearsoned.co.uk First published in Great Britain under the Pitman Publishing imprint in 1997
Second edition published in 2001 Third edition published 2004 © Pearson Professional Limited
1997 © Pearson Education Limited 2001, 2004 The right of John R Dyson and John Wyett to be
identified as authors of this Work has been asserted by them in accordance with the ... Show more
J R Dyson A Companion Website accompanies ACCOUNTING FOR NON–ACCOUNTING
STUDENTS, 6th edition by J R Dyson Visit the Accounting for Non–accounting Students
Companion Website at http://www.booksites.net/dyson to find valuable teaching and learning
material including: For Students ● Study material designed to help you improve your results ●
Learning objectives for each chapter ● Multiple choice questions to help test your learning ●
Glossary explaining terms mentioned in the text ● Extra question material (with answers available
to lecturers) ● Links to relevant sites on the World Wide Web For Lecturers ● A secure, password–
protected site with teaching material ● Complete downloadable Lecturer's Guide ● PowerPoint
slides that can be downloaded and used as OHTs ● Multiple choice questions for use in class,
together with answers ● Answers to extra question material in the student area ● Extra case studies
and guidelines on using them with students Also: This site has a syllabus manager, search functions
and email results functions. iv © Pearson Education Limited 2004 Dyson: Accounting for Non–
accounting Students, Lecturer's Guide, 6th edition Notes for lecturers The solutions contained both
within the main book and within this Guide (especially those relating to the discussion questions)
should only be treated as pointers to a possible answer. Wherever possible, students should be

Essay about Bone Dreams by Seamus Heaney
Bone Dreams by Seamus Heaney – An Analysis
Bone Dreams is an obscure and difficult poem to understand. In all my searching on the internet, I
found very little to help me in my analysis of this poem and so the ideas are basically my own. I
might be wide of the mark, but for anybody struggling to understand this poem, it might at least give
you some ideas of your own. I make no apology for asking questions or for sounding vague or even
muddled in places. I hope that this essay is of help to somebody, somewhere.
The poem begins in a thoughtful mood; the voice is relaxed, "White bone found/on the grazing"
suggesting that the speaker is walking in the countryside when he discovers a piece of bone in the
grass. He uses tactile ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of course, you can also write with chalk, and the act of and implements of writing are often found in
the metaphors and similes of Heaney's poetry.
In the third stanza, the speaker "touches it again" and it is almost as if this act of touching for a
second time sparks off a series of thoughts, tangential in quality, and as tangents do, they move
freely from one image to another, imbuing the writing with a dreamlike quality. It is almost as if the
bone has him in a powerful trance. The bone, which has become part of the landscape, has
transformed into a device for releasing thought processes. Landscape, being one of the favourite
themes of Heaney, is in itself a part of history. It is the history of Ireland and its people and its
landscape that often preoccupies the poet and, here, we see some of this preoccupation allowed
flight as his mind takes off in a series of flickering thoughts and associations.
Almost as soon as this begins to occur, his thoughts start to take a hostile turn as he envisages being
able to, "wind it [the bone] in the sling of mind", and "pitch it at England", the old enemy. Again
there is the idea of the bone as stone, with the mind as a catapult. This obviously draws on the myth
of David and Goliath, where the bigger and stronger giant is vanquished by a small boy who is only

River Tees Drainage Baisin Essay
River Tees Drainage Baisin
The river Tees flows from the Pennines in Cumbria, northwest England, to the North Sea via Tees
Bay. Its length is 130 km / 80 miles. Its port, Teesport, handles in excess of 42 million tonnes of
water per year. Its main tributaries are the Lune, Balder, and Greta. There are many factors affecting
the drainage baiins of the River Tees, many of these are human factors.
Water Barrage and Watersports: Much of the water nearing the sea is polluted with industrial waste,
sewage, and chemicals. The Tees Barrage, which opened in 1995, enables a 16 km / 10 mile stretch
of the river to provide clean, non–tidal water. The barrage was built to improve the river's
watersports ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are several reservoirs in the river basin used to store water to be used for later use. The
reservoirs also helps in flood control. Water levels can rise very quickly following a rain storm.
Storing water in the reservoir reduces flooding in the lower course.
Farming and Irigation Water: A major land uses in the upper Tees is rough grazing for sheep. The
land is too steep to use machinery, the growing season too short and the soils too thin and acidic For
growing crops and so not much water is needed for irigation in comparison to the River Severn.
Only where the land is less steep is the pasture improved by fertilizers, the occasional crop is grown,
requiring some irigation water from the Tees.
Hydro Electric power: There are no power plants along the Tees.
There are also many natural factors affecting the hydrology of the River Tees drainage basin, these
include:
Geology: There is a succession of falls, where the river traverses a hard series of black basaltic
rocks, the water flows fast her due to the steep down slope, the impermiable smooth rocks also
allow fast flow and no infiltration, and so at times of heavy percipitation the water level at these
points in the river will rise sharply and the power and speed of the river will increase. At flatter areas
of these basaltic rocks the river can flood easily.

Comparison Of The Human Rights Act 1998 And Tort Law
The Human Rights Act 1998 and Tort Law are seen to be together in "overlapping ways " as
François du Bois explains. In this essay we will begin by looking at the introduction of the Human
Rights Act, and the claims in negligence against public authorities. Then we will look at the
different views as to the remedies, whether Tort law and the Human Rights Act, should be used
together and developed together, or should be used separately in a claim in negligence against a
public authority.
The introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998, as Oliphant and Lunney describes it "creates a new
statutory remedy against public authorities for violating of the specified Convention rights" . Section
7 of the act requires that any individual that brings a claim against public authorities must be a
victim. A victim under the Human Rights Act "refers to the person who could bring a case under the
ECHR. Victims must be directly affected or be at risk of being directly affected by the act in
questions. Victims can include...relatives of the victim where a complaint is made about death." . An
example of this would be the case of Rabone v Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust in which
Melanie had in the past attempted to commit suicide on several occasions. After the most recent
attempt she was admitted to the hospital where they observed and tested her. Two days after, she was
released for two days home visit despite her tests indicating her being at high risk of attempting
suicide again, which is

East-Midland English
A project in theoretical phonetics of English
Shcherbakova Natalia, group 01
Contents:
1.Introduction 2.English in East Midlands 1.Vowels 2.Consonants 3.Word Stress 4.Sentence rhythm
and intonation 3.Conclusion 4.List of references
Introduction East Midlands, general facts
The East Midlands, in its broadest sense, is the eastern part of central England (and therefore part of
the United Kingdom as well).
The East Midlands covers three major landscape areas: The relatively flat coastal plain of
Lincolnshire, the river valley of the Trent, the third largest (and longest) river in England, and the
southern end of the Pennine range of hills in Derbyshire.
The second of these contains several large cities: Nottingham, ... Show more content on
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Lincolnshire also has a marked north south split in terms of accent. The north shares many features
with Yorkshire, such as the open a sound in "car" and "park" or the replacement of take and make
with tek and mek. The south of Lincolnshire is close to Received Pronunciation, although it still has
a short Northern a in words such as bath. In Northamptonshire, crossed by the North–South isogloss,
residents of the north of the county have an accent similar to that of Leicestershire and those in the
south an accent similar to rural Oxfordshire. The town of Corby in northern Northamptonshire has
an accent with some originally Scottish features, apparently due to immigration of Scottish
steelworkers. It is common in Corby for the GOAT set of words to be pronounced with . This
pronunciation is used across Scotland and most of Northern England, but Corby is alone in the
Midlands in using it

East Midlands accents are generally non–rhotic, instead drawing out their vowels, resulting in the
Midlands Drawl, which can to non–natives be mistaken for dry sarcasm. Old and cold may be
pronounced as "owd" and "cowd" (rhyming with "loud" in the West Midlands and "ode" in the East
Midlands), and in the northern Midlands home can become "wom". The West Midlands accent is
often described as having a

The House Of The Importance Of The North York Moors
This section is probably the most demanding part of the Way, it traverses the northern escarpment of
the North York Moors, crossing a series of valley's which drain the moorland pastures. On a clear
day, the scenery is beautiful and invigorating, but there are few places to shelter if the weather turns
foul. Lord Stones Country Park is the only watering hole, en route, so take sufficient rations. Our
journey resumes from the market cross, and within a few minutes, we have two optional detours to
consider, one to Lady Chapel and another to Mount Grace Priory. Both will incur extra time and
distance. The Priory, founded in 1398 by Thomas de Holand, the nephew of Richard II, bears the
illustrious title of 'The House of the Assumption of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, glaciers flowed on either side of the higher land masses and also crept into Scugdale, as
the ice melted a glacial lake formed. The lake, about 400 feet (122m) deep and 800 feet (244m)
above sea level, over
flowed at Scarth Nick cutting a distinct V–shaped valley, a landmark which is
visible for many miles to the north. We continue along the Way to Huthwaite Green, ascend onto
Live Moor and follow the ridge to the summit of Carlton Moor. Here splendid views extend across
the Cleveland Plain to the Eston Hills, Easby Moor and the shapely pinnacle of Roseberry Topping.
After descending to the road, you may wish to take a pit stop at Lord Stones to recharge the
batteries! The next objective is Cringle Moor we follow a good path, ascending steeply to Cringle
End where a memorial seat and topograph pay tribute to 'Alec Falconer 1884–1968, Rambler', pause
here and enjoy the spectacular views. The topograph will help to identify the distant hills, including
Great Shunner Fell in Swaledale, Cross Fell the highest summit in the Pennines, and even Durham
Cathedral is discernible on a brilliant day. At 1427 feet (435m), Cringle Moor is the second highest
point on the North York Moors, although we pass just below the crest there is a narrow track rising
through the heather. The summit is marked by a cairn sited on the tumulus of Drake Howe. The
name is a combination of the old English 'draca' – 'dragon' and the old Norse

Cultural Awareness In England Research Paper
Cultural Awareness on England and a New Great Britain
Culture is a way of life inevitably intertwined within all civilizations since the beginning of human
history. Handed down from one generation to the next, culture remains as a perpetually endless
occurrence. Humanity has been involuntarily defining its regions, civilizations, and each its peoples
and the respective geographical locations in which the inhabitants were born. Prosperous and
thriving throughout the centuries, all ways of life continue to grow and develop as multiple factors,
such as climate change, war, natural disasters, politics, and religion come into play. Beliefs, arts, and
customs are primary in defining culture, yet many other major cultural characteristics contribute ...
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Ten of England's most historical battles leading up to World War II were: Naseby, the First English
Civil War, which they fought in Northamptonshire in 1645 and Blenheim, War of the Spanish
Succession, they fought in Bavaria in 1704. Culloden, Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, which was fought
in Scotland in 1746; Plassey, Seven Years War, was fought in India in 1757; Quebec, Seven Years
War, was fought in 1759 in Quebec City, known today as Canada. Lexington, American War of
Independence, they fought in Massachusetts in 1775; Salamanca, Peninsular War, was in 1812 and
fought in Spain. Waterloo, the last battle of the Napoleonic Wars, they fought in present day
Belgium in 1815; and Rorke's Drift, Zulu War, was fought in present day South Africa in 1879.
World War I consisted of multiple battles from 1914 to 1918 that contributed to, if not
controversially surpassed, the importance of the previous nine battles named. (The Telegraph, 2013).
Conversely, when World War I deemed by Woodrow Wilson in 1917 "the war to end all wars", few
believed that World War II would soon be in the midst. ( ). In 1945, Albert Einstein spoke the words,
"As long as there are sovereign nations possessing great power, war is inevitable". (Swing,
Raymond 1947, the Atlantic).
England's landscape is moderately mountainous with the Pennines, a mountain range that runs from
north to south. Flatlands are bountiful, and England's temperate climate provides the perfect
atmosphere for livestock throughout the

Northallerton Swot Analysis
Northallerton Overview Located towards the north of the Vale of York is Northallerton, a market
town surrounded by a mix of hilly terrain and rich agricultural flatlands. As the administrative hub
for the local District of Hambleton, jobs in Northallerton centre on the public sector, with notable
support from the commerce, agriculture and light industries. The town's 17,000 residents enjoy easy
access to the picturesque North York Moors and Pennines, where opportunities for relaxing walks,
mountain biking and a range of other fun leisure activities are never far away. Properties in
Northallerton sell for a similar average price to local Thirsk, at around £200,000 according to
rightmove.co.uk. Northallerton Job Opportunities Opportunities

Low Impact Materials Essay
Materials for Low Impact Buildings ARC 6821 Elena Constanti Number of words: 3002
CONTENTS Introduction 3 Chapter 1: Sheffield 1.1. Site Location and specification 4 1.2.
Construction Materials of Sheffield 5 Chapter 2: Assessing Criteria 2.1 Life Cycle Assessment 6
Chapter 3: Analysing Low Impact Materials 3.1 Straw bale 7 3.2 Earth 7 3.3 Limestone 8 3.4
Timber

Identify The Four Major Landforms Of Europe
3. Identify the four main physical landforms of Europe. What are the main features of each? The
four major landforms of Europe include the Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central
Uplands and Alpine Mountains. These landforms are primarily arranged in bands that run from east
to west. Each landform provides a biodiversity and resources for humans. The Western Uplands are
formed of ancient rock that has been shaped by glaciation and shapes the north and west coastline of
Europe. It includes Spain, French Brittany, Scandinavia, and the British Isles. The North European
Plain is low and fertile and has rivers. It goes from southern Britain through the middle of Europe to
Russia. The Central Uplands are mostly wooded hills and highlands in France, Belgium, southern
Germany, and the Czech Republic. The Alpine Mountains have high mountain peaks and active
volcanoes that run from northern Spain across southern Europe to the Caucasus in Russia. The High
Alps range from eastern France to Slovenia and are central to the Alpine region. Mountains act as a
natural dividing range and can also isolate people and separate cultural groups. The Central Uplands
is the area bordering the main Alps to the north, which includes a significant portion of southern
Germany extending eastward. These foothills provide excellent farmland, and there are major
agricultural operations here. Western Highlands offer an area for grazing livestock and farming in
the meadows and valleys. The Scottish

Industrial Revolution: The Role Of Transportation In England
Point 1– Transportation
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, transportation in England was rudimentary. People and goods
were moved using river barges however; this was a time–consuming and costly exercise. Roads
were poorly built and rarely maintained. The railway network was nonexistent, and this limited
transportation to wooden tracks and carriages pulled by horses. Technological advancements in the
textile and iron industries caused the production of goods to become faster and cheaper. With
advances in steam engine technology, numerous industries were led to adopt machinery that
supported their production process. Through an intensified demand for goods, a revolution in the
transportation industry commenced. Bodies of trustees now maintained roads, tolls were introduced,
canals were built allowing sizeable barges to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The early roads in England were difficult to navigate, badly pot–holed and without signposting.
However, in the 1750's the Turnpike trusts emerged. The Turnpike trusts were groups of people who
maintained the roads regularly. Roads were straightened and made flatter and harder, tolls were also
introduced. England has many rivers and waterways. However, as rivers weren't easy to navigate
and didn't always stream to the areas where goods were required, canals (man–made waterways)
were introduced. Francis Egerton (the Duke of Bridgewater) launched England's first real canal in
1761, which ran from Worsley to Manchester. Canals caused transportation to become more reliable,
economic, smooth and fast. Railways eventually overtook roads and canals. Early English railways
were constructed with carriages pulled by horses and wooden tracks connecting coalmines to rivers
and canals. However, as technology advanced, Richard Trevithick built the first steam engine
locomotive in 1804. This train ran on smooth metal rails and was the fastest transport to this date.
Due to this, railways rapidly became both a predominant and

Lego Essay
LEGO was founded in 1932 by Ole Kirk Kristiansen in Billund, Denmark. Currently, the company
is owned by Ole Kirk's grandson Kjeld. The word LEGO comes from a Danish phrase, "leg godt,"
which means "play well." In Latin, the word "LEGO" translates to "I put together," a perfect
definition for the products LEGO would soon create.
Introduction. LEGO started as a small carpenter's workshop and has grown to become a global
enterprise. It is now one of the world's largest manufacturers of toys. LEGO has been awarded "Toy
of the Century" twice. Many people associate LEGO with their building bricks, but they offer a
variety of toys and buildable models. The brick was first made in 1958, 26 years after LEGO was
founded. LEGO's first products were step ladders, stools, and ironing boards. LEGO's first toy
product, a wooden duck, was first released in 1935. The wooden duck was created by Ole Kirk's son
Godtfred. LEGO soon established the motto "Only the best is good enough".
History. By the mid 1940's, LEGO had begun building plastic toy balls as well as an educational
traffic board game, "Monypoli." By 1950, LEGO had about 200 different products, the most popular
product being the building bricks. LEGO also began introducing buildable model toys in the 1950's.
In the 1960's, LEGO began selling toys in over 40 countries and opened its first LEGOLAND in
Billund. In the 1970's, LEGO introduced "DUPLO" to its product line. The first LEGO building
championship occurred in the 1980's.

Britain 's Size, Geography, Climate, And Relative Location
Great Britain is very beautiful, and popular country. Great Britain was founded in 1707, when the
Acts of Union Ratified the 1706 Treaty of union. The national anthem is God save The Queen. Great
Britain branches into three countries. Britain mainly flat and low lying, meaning it does not have
very many mountains, or hills. Great britain Looks like a palm tree that has been cut in half. Great
Britain is about half of the size of California. Great britain is a really interesting country with lots of
history, that you will learn in this essay. Some of the things are the Geography, the climate,
landforms, size, and government. In this page you will learn about Great Britain 's size , geography,
climate, and relative location. There are 3 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Pennines are a hill range in England that raises between 600 meters and 900 meters. The lowest
point in all of Great Britain is only negative four meters which is negative sixteen feet . The highest
point in all of Great Britain is 1,343 meters, which is 4,406 feet. The longest River in England is
called the Thames which is 346 km long which is almost 215 miles long This river flows right
through the capital of England which is London. The longest river in Great Britain is the Severn
river, and is 220 miles long, Its water source is in the Mountains Of Wales. There is a huge cliff
made of chalk called the Seven Sisters National Park which is located in England, in the city of
Brighton. Wales is the Only Country out of the three that has Many of hills , and mountain ranges,
The largest is the Mountain called Snowdon , and it is 3,560 feet tall. Great Britain has a variety of
different climate, and vegetation. Each country in Great Britain has different climate ,and different
vegetation. Great Britain overall climate is Maritime, which means that it is connecting to the sea .
The annual precipitation for Great Britain is about 33.7 inches of rain. Great Britain has very warm
summers and cool winter. The two hottest months of the year are August, and the second is July. The
Coldest 2 months of the year are January, and the second is February. Their winter are cool but they
are still very

Cultural Awareness In England Research Paper
Cultural Awareness on England and a New Great Britain
Culture is a way of life inevitably intertwined within all civilizations since the beginning of human
history. Handed down from one generation to the next, culture remains as a perpetually endless
occurrence. Humanity has been involuntarily defining its regions, civilizations, and each its peoples
respectively to each of the geographical locations in which the inhabitants were born. Prosperous
and thriving throughout the centuries, all ways of life continue to grow and develop as multiple
factors, such as climate change, war, natural disasters, politics, and religion come into play. Beliefs,
arts, and customs are primary in defining culture, yet many other major cultural characteristics
contribute to its definition as well. Literature, philosophy, ceramics, cuisine, and music are just a
few more diversifying characteristics found throughout the many cultures of the world. The
economy, preferably sustainable and easily maintained, in certain geographical locations also plays
an undeniably vital role in how a culture is determined or developed. War, within a country, on its
surrounding countries, or on a worldwide scale, can lead to a drastic change in ... Show more
Scottish and Welsh cultures remain predominant within the United Kingdom, but since Anglo–
Saxon times, English culture has been indistinguishable to surrounding cultures. English customs
and traditions were distinct among itself at one time, but as the British Empire evolved, immigrants
of many other nationalities introduced an ever–increasing diversity. Another one of the greatest
contributing factors to where English culture stands today lies within the lasting effects created by
World War II. On the June 18th of 1940, Winston Churchill

The Importance Of Fair Trade Merchandise At Hebden Bridge...
In this task I will be examining the interest for and accessibility of Fair trade merchandise in a
nearby retail zone in Hebden Bridge and lime square, I have decided to explore these two places as
they are contradictory Hebden Bridge located in a rural area and Lime Square located in a non–rural
area. Firstly, I am going to discuss moral utilization; Ethical consumerism is purchasing things that
are made ethically. For the most part, this implies without mischief to or misuse of people, creatures
or the indigenous habitat, or the exploitation of human (sweatshops) in Ledc countries, it
additionally implies to Positive purchasing and supporting moral items, and organizations that work
on standards and construct to basically bring in light of Benefit for the growth of the world as
opposed to self–interest, allowing business self–interest only for the continuation of doing general
good for the environment and the primary input workers. It's essential that we start consuming
ethical products as there are more positive benefit socially, environmentally and economically for
instance, if we start consuming ethical stuff we will be decreasing carbon dioxide that is let in the
atmosphere automatically reducing global warming and also stop the use of fossil fuel transportation
to send goods to another country. An economic benefit of fair trade goods is that Ledc worker will
be able to get fair wages, proper working condition, making the country a more infrastructure area,
social

King Arthur: The Myths and the Actual Person Essay
King Arthur is an outstanding British leader of the 5th and the 6th centuries, son of Uther Pendragon
and the Lady Igraine. Arthur is one of the greatest mythical heroes that the world has ever known.
Arthur has had a great influence on other people and many of them looked up to him. The coming of
Arthur was prophesied years before he was even born. Arthur was born into a world of chaos and
disorder, full of love and tragedy. Nowadays, many of the scholars continue to argue whether or not
King Arthur was a real person or just a mythological figure. Based on facts however, many believe
that Arthur was not a real person; just a legendary British leader in the 5th and 6th centuries.
According to history, there wasn't anyone named King Arthur ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A king was expected to sit on his throne, give demands to his people and rule his kingdom. It is
unheard of for a medieval King to charge around on his horse and organize knights or to look for the
Holy Grail. According to the information that has been given; King Arthur has fought in twelve
battles. However, based on the facts, these battles took place in so many different times and places
that it would have been impossible for one man to participate in all of them. The actions of King
Arthur do not correspond with the typical actions of a king because after the death of his mother,
Merlin (the powerful wizard) took him away. Merlin gave young Arthur away to Sir Ector, who
raised young Arthur as his son. However, Sir Ector did not know that young Arthur was the son of
Uther Pendragon (King of Britain). Eleven years later, the young Arthur ends up pulling the sword
out of the stone and becomes the king of Britain. For a kid to pull the sword out of the stone
subsequently and being crowned after that event is very extraordinary.
The events that have been described in the tale of King Arthur are not linked to any authentic
historical events. For example, in the myth of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table,
when they were searching for the Holy Grail, it was described that they found the Grail but, in
reality, the Grail was nowhere to be found. It is quite extreme to believe that the King himself and
his

Hydraulic Fracturing Of Natural Gas From Deep Below The...
Fracking, also known as hydraulic fracturing involves the extraction of natural gas from deep below
the ground. A shaft is drilled into the ground followed by a horizontal well hole that flows to the gas
layer of the earth. The well is divided into smaller sections and these sections are fractured in
sections. Fracking fluid (7 million litres of water is used, several thousand tonnes of sand and
200,000 tonnes of chemicals (de Rijke, 2013)) is then pumped into the ground at high velocity.
Cracks are produced in the rocks, the sand in the mixture prevents cracks from closing again. The
water is then pumped out and natural gas is now easily obtained. (BBC News, 2016). The first well
was constructed in 1949 and as a result of a technology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Three other sites have been located in Wales, two sites for just obtaining geological samples and the
other one has been refused in Llandow, Vale (Raeng.org.uk, 2016). Fracking is a hot debate in
Scotland, with labour issuing a firm no on the issue to undergo fracking as of March 2016 (BBC
News, 2016). Also, in Northern Ireland, Taboran Resources has an interest to undertake fracking
located on an area that is on the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
(Raeng.org.uk, 2016).
Two of the main companies involved in fracking in the UK include, Cuadrilla and Igas. Many
protests have been carried out to object to the fracking issue. Igas say that there are many new
investment opportunities, for example a £2.3 billion steel requirement in Britain, a £4.1 billion
waste, storage and transportation requirement and a skills and specialised equipment requirement of
£17 billion. (Igasplc.com, 2016). As of December 2012 there have been two planning applications
for fracking processes by Cuadrilla, at Prestion New Road and Roseacre Wood, before Lancashire
City council and they will frack for shale gas if it is approved. (British Geological Survey, 2015).
Many of the issues involved with fracking arise from the use of fracking in the US.
There are many positive outlooks when it comes to fracking;
Shale gas is not found all over the UK, only in certain areas. There is said to be a plentiful supply of
shale, with Cuadrilla stating that there is 5.7

Derbyshire's Demographic Study
Derbyshire is a region in the East Midlands of England. A significant part of the Peak District
National Park exists in Derbyshire, comprising the southern furthest point of the Pennine scope of
hills which reach out into the north of the region.
The changed scenes inside Derbyshire's have been framed for the most part as an outcome of the
basic topography; by the way the land has been overseen and formed by human undertakings.
From a geological point of view, Derbyshire's strong topography is divided into two altogether
different parts. The most established rocks are found in the northern, more upland portion of the
region, and are for the most part, of Carboniferous age, including gritstones, limestones, shales, and
sandstones. On the other hand, the southern and more marsh half of Derbyshire contains
significantly milder rocks, chiefly mudstones and sandstones from the Permo–Triassic age, which
make gentler, all the more moving scenes with limited rock projections. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The splendid blue blooms and sensitive ladder–formed leaves of the wild plant are in bloom in the
Peak District and Yorkshire Dales areas.
Derbyshire's shocking countryside gives motivation consistently for everyone. From the broad patio
nurseries at Chatsworth House to the formal greenery enclosures at Lea Rhododendron Gardens
nearby Matlock and the Melbourne Hall, there positively is a lot of flower incitement on bargain.
When in a rush, you can also shop for flowers online in Derbyshire and have it transported by our
reliable flower delivery in Derbyshire.
Encompassed by heaps of natural magnificence, our florists in Derbyshire strive to make
consummate floral gifts reasonable for any event. Regardless of whether you need to state 'thank
you' to an exceptional companion or express your sensitivity at a sad time, let us enable you to state
it

British Culture
Summary of 'Britain'
The country and its people: an introduction for learners of English
Revised and Updated
Author: James O'Driscoll
Oxford
The chapters which you need to study for the exam are as follows: Chapters 1 – 5, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16,
20 – 23 plus reader 07 2538 SCC UK: Government and Monarchy
Chapter 1. Country and People
The British Isles lie off the north–west coast of Europe. It consists of two great isles and several
much smaller ones.
– Great Britain is the largest Island.
– Ireland is the other large one.
There are two states:
– The Republic of Ireland
– The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The last state mentioned above is more familiar known as:
– 'the United Kingdom' or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Britain was brought into the mainstream of western European culture. This was the beginning of the
English class system. The Normans introduced a strong system of government. During this time
Scotland remained independent.
Culturally speaking there were several aspects:
– Middle English and NOT the Norman French had become the dominant language in all classes.
– The Anglo–Saxon concept of common law NOT Roman law formed the basis of the legal system.
– Wales was never settled in great numbers by Saxon or Norman, thus (Celtic) Welsh language
remained strong.
– Scotland gradually switched to English language and customs in the lowland.
– In this period Parliament began its gradual evolution into the democratic body which it is today.

Sixteenth century
The power of the English monarch increased in this period. The strength of the great barons had
been greatly weakened by the Wars of the Roses:
The Wars of the Roses = During the 15th century the throne of England was claimed by
representatives of 2 rival groups.
Tudor dynasty (1485–1603) – Established a system of government departments. Because of this, the
feudal barons were no longer needed.
Parliament consists of:
– House of Lords (feudal aristocracy and the leaders of the Church)
– House of Commons (representatives from the towns and the less important landowners in rural
areas)
Reasons for the rise of

Living Life At The Borough Of Fulham And Hammersmith
Title: Living Life To The Fullest With Our Exclusive Outcall Fulham Escorts
Meta: Located in the Borough of Fulham and Hammersmith, this area is home to the national
Fulham Football Club and Chelsea Football Club that have engaging games in an area on the cusp
of the beautiful River Thames.
Chelsea Football Club
London is the birthplace of English football as we know it, and that has given way to one of the
most significant stadiums of our favourite pastime. The Stamford Bridge Stadium is home to the
Chelsea Football Club. It was only capable of holding a few hundred people and now several
thousands come to these watch games played monthly on a lawn field. There are a few on–site
hotels such as Millennium and Copthorne, a health club, and spa, providing the full scope of football
entertainment. Additionally, there is a museum covering the entire grand history of national football
with interactive exhibits and extensive information. Have your beautiful South London Escort come
to meet you for a tour of the 25 function rooms, Television and Dressing Rooms, and other
important areas of the stadium.
Fulham Football Club
Located in the west suburbs of London, Fulham has prime real estate and historic landmarks such as
the Craven Cottage. Built in 1780, this is home to the oldest football club in London, Fulham
Football Club, that started in 1896. After construction it was a simple wooden structure fitting only a
few hundred people and now tens of thousands can enjoy

Topography and Geographic Region Analysis for Tourists
Topography and Geographic Region Analysis for Tourists The natural landscape within the UK
consists of a mainly flat land area. With the majority of England included in the flat land mass the
major cities are populated close to the edge of the country or on the side of a national river to allow
easy transport and access. In England we have a few higher peaks than sea level as the Pennines run
through the north of the country from the east of the Cumbrian Mountains down to the south of the
country just outside Manchester. In the rest of England there are smaller peaks of hills/mountains
which are:– * Cumbrian Mountains * North York Moors * Cotswald Hills * Chiltern Hills *
Salisbury Plain * ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the USA and the UK which have varied cultures within one nation. On the other hand there
are places like:– * Japan * China * India * Egypt These have a vast cultural history for possessing
hidden powers. Japan is a well built nation but relies on their cultural history for their day to day
life. Japan have various ways of worshipping their religion as they believe in goddess like beings as
they have many mythical features in their history. India is one of the main countries on the globe
that has very high cultural and spiritual beliefs. Their society is based round one of the most
religious cultures on the globe. They worship many different beings and gods. Their religion is made
up of 80% Hindu, 11% Muslim with Sikh, Christian and Buddhist minorities. Egypt is also another
religious believing country as it incorporates their past however many thousand years of history.
Their main beliefs lie within their own history. Their museums come as second to none as they
contain treasures from thousands of years ago. Mummies are what they keep best as the Egyptians
berry their most rich and powerful leaders to rest in piece with their own treasures they have gain
during their mortal existence. For those in their history who were servants of the rich and made
some of the gravest errors during their life's were to have their organs extracted alive and be

College Campus Dieting
Healthier Dieting on ASU'S campus There is a large problem with nutritious diets for college
students worldwide. The reason for this is the lack of healthy options in college dining halls. No
matter how hard students try to keep a healthy, nutritious diet they almost always end up collecting
unhealthy eating habits throughout the school year. The limited healthy food on college campuses is
affecting students negatively around the globe. I have heard of this happening at many colleges
around the country but here at Arizona State University it affects me personally and I see it affect
many of my fellow classmates, there needs to be something done to fix it. The limited selection of
healthy food on college campuses makes it hard for students ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
With all students at Arizona State University eating a Healthy and nutritious diet it could make
Arizona State the healthiest campus in the country if not the world. Being the healthiest college
campus would be another great thing Arizona State University could advertize and it would most
likely have a larger draw than expected. In changing the food selection here at Arizona State it
benefits the student body as a whole and also the

Teesdale Essay
Teesdale's industrial heritage is just as enticing as its scenery, and this walk has a good mixture of
the two. The woodland around Hudeshope Beck sustains a rich variety of wildlife and makes a
superb finish to the walk.
Middleton–in–Teesdale, revered as the capital of Upper Teesdale, lies in the very heart of the most
beautiful and enchanting scenery that one can imagine. The village was founded c.1031, when King
Cnut granted it, as part of a much larger estate, to the monks of St Cuthbert at Durham. However, it
did not begin to grow significantly until the nineteenth century, when it became an important lead
mining centre.
In 1815 the Quaker–owned London Lead Company established their northern head
quarters at
Middleton. The company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After crossing the shoulder of Hardberry Hill, the harsher scenery of the lead mining period
becomes more apparent. The valley is strewn with the remains of the Coldberry Mine, which closed
in 1955 after more than 200 years of lead production. Coldberry was one of the largest lead mining
complexes in the North Pennines. Accordingly, the immediate area of the mines holds the status of a
Scheduled Ancient Monument.
The most prominent scar on the landscape is Coldberry Gutter, the result of an early open–cast
mining method known as 'hushing'. Hushing involved the construction of a reservoir with a turf dam
on the moor above the suspected vein. When the reservoir was full, the dam was breached so that
the sudden torrent swept down, tearing away the soil and surface rocks to expose the vein. The
miners then used picks and shovels to loosen and remove the lead ore. The repetition of this process
created deep gullies on the hillsides and are visible from many miles around.
During the descent, we pass the remnants of a water balance incline; this consisted of a wheeled
water–tank which moved up and down an incline between two walls. A cable connected the tank to a
bucket of ore at the bottom of the mine shaft; as the water balance descended, the bucket came up.
After draining the water, empty buckets pulled the tank back up to the top. Using water

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