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The Bologna Process – 2010
         and beyond


               Michael Gaebel
        European University Association

     AUCC Bologna Symposium 26/01/2008
EUA - « the Voice of           34 national Rectors’
                                    Conferences
     European Universities«
                                     800 individual universities
                                     in 46 European countries




                              …2…
EUA Membership - 2008
European University Association (EUA)
• Independent membership organisation
• Secretariat in Brussels, Belgium
• Goals: Strengthen the European universities
     • Institutional development
     • Advocacy and representation of the European
     universities
     • Shaping HE and Research policy at European level
                 Bologna Process + Lisbon Agenda




                                        …3…
2010 – Completion of two complementary
                    European reform processes
Lisbon Strategy/European Research Area:    Bologna Process:
27+ Member States of European Union       46 Bologna Countries
+ international associate countries




                               …4…
                               …4…
The Bologna Process:
     Building the European Higher Education Area
1998/99 46 European countries have signed up
• Governmental push for system convergence,
• Focus: Teaching and learning


  The Lisbon Strategy/European Research Area
2000     European Union – currently 27+ countries
• multi-national co-operation among all the actors & in all scientific fields
• EU Member States and international partners
• to make Europe the most competitive knowledge based society
• « capable of sustainable economic growth, with more and
      better jobs and greater social cohesion »
• Focus: R&D, S&T – also requires innovation of teaching and learning

       Universities are central actors in both processes
                             …5…
                             …5…
Bologna : a pan-European HE Reform Process

a voluntary process; with no legal obligations & a tiny
‘Bologna’ Secretariat
every 2 years: Joint Ministerial Meeting & Communiqué
Reform at national and institutional level
shared responsibility: governments, universities, staff &
students = members of the Bologna Follow-Up Group
increasingly stakeholder driven now that implementation is the
priority
46 countries signed up
2010: Realisation of a European Higher Education Area
characterised by system convergence, mobility of students
and staff, and enhanced international attractiveness
                            …6…
                            …6…
10 Bologna Actionlines
Bologna Declaration of 1999:
1. Adoption of a system of easily readable and comparable degrees
2. Adoption of a system essentially based on two cycles
3. Establishment of a system of credits
4. Promotion of mobility
5. Promotion of European co-operation in quality assurance
6. Promotion of the European dimension in higher education

Prague Ministerial summit of 2001:
7. Focus on lifelong learning
8. Inclusion of higher education institutions and students
9. Promotion of the attractiveness of the European Higher Education Area

Berlin Ministerial summit of 2003:
10. Doctoral studies and the synergy between the European Higher Education Area and
    the European Research Area
                                         …7…
Approaching 2010



Have the reforms achieved their goals at institutional
 and national level?




                         …8…
The Global Dimension of Bologna
Bologna Declaration (1999): “the objective of increasing the
international competitiveness of the European system of higher
education”
growing Bologna interest across the globe
Recognition of the process and Bologna degrees
London Ministerial Meeting 2007 - Adoption of a “strategy for the
EHEA in a global context”
Universities are a driving force but
   new approaches required > globalisation, growing competition, new providers
   etc.
   rethink their role, mission & goals & develop specific profiles & portfolios:
demand for policy dialogue & enhanced cooperation
                                    …9…
                                    …9…
A European Dimension in Quality Assurance
                                    Quality - a core issue of
                                      Bologna

                                        Bergen 2005 - Joint European
                                        Standards and Guidelines for
                                        internal, external QA, at
                                        institutional and agency level
                                        Annual European Quality
The E4 – from left to right             Forum
• European QA agencies (ENQA)           London 2007: EQAR - European
                                        Register of Quality Assurance
• European Colleges (EURASHE)
                                        Agencies – launched in 2008
• EUA
• European Student Union (ESU)   …10…
                                 …10…
Three Cycle System - Achievement
                   EUA Trends Report 2007:
      83% of HEIs have the 3-cycle structure in place


                                                    ?%




                      Trends III -   Trends V -   Trends VII -
                      2003           2007         2010

EUA’s Trends report
– a regular report on the implementation of Bologna reforms at
institutional level
- around 900 institutions answered to the Trends V questionnaire
                                 …11…
Three-cycle system - issues to be tackled
Curriculum reform, innovation of teaching and learning,
Learning outcome approach
Degrees – and qualifications?
Employability of the Bachelor
Transparency and readability of Master degrees
Articulation between the cycles
Development of national Qualifications Frameworks




                         …12…
Mobility
European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) in place –
but still to be improved
To what extent Bologna enhances student and faculty
mobility?
Issues within and outside HE
  Students overrun from Bachelor to Master
  Bachelor and Master too short for mobility
  portability of grants, pension rights
  visa problems
  residence, work permits etc.
                           …13…
Approaching 2010




New goals and priorities?




           …14…
           …14…
1) Lifelong learning and access
Demographic and economic changes
more education to more people
more diverse student population
flexible provision
social questions (tuition fees, grants & other financial
support)
Lifelong learning as the new paradigm
EUA: “Lifelong Learning Charter for Europe’s
Universities” (2008)
                         …15…
                         …15…
2) Link between higher education and research


HEIs to develop further their specific research
profiles
maintain the momentum of the reform of doctoral
education
career opportunities for young researchers




                      …16…
3) Redefine public responsibility

public responsibility & institutional autonomy
accountability
institutional governance
diversification of funding sources
excellence in relation to a variety of different
institutional missions



                         …17…
Outlook

2010 - less a deadline and more the start of a new phase
  Some reforms are accomplished, others on their way
  The economic and social environment is changing e. g.
  demographic situation of Europe
  Increasing need for university for linking research and
  education mission and addressing LLL opportunities
  Global Dimension to be mainstreamed
     mobility
     Bologna needs global reflection and recognition
     Some of issues such as learning outcomes, recognition, mobility, to
     be addressed with international partners
     Global challenges, globalisation & emergence of international
     education                     …18…
                                   …18…
Thanks!
Further info at www.eua.be

or contact me
Michael.gaebel@eua.be




…19…
Additional slides




       …20…
4) Mainstream the global dimension
EHEA cannot function in a vacuum : communicating
the ‘process’ to the world and engaging with
partners is crucial
Mobility is an international, & not simply an intra-
European question
Different institutions and countries across the EHEA
are at different phases of their ‘internationalisation’
process & have different priorities


                        …21…
Towards the European Higher Education Area: Lisbon and
               European Research Area

 ERA Green Paper “modern and open Universities recognised as
 key stakeholders in achieving the future successful development of
 S & T in Europe.
    “Modern”: Modernisation agenda, EC Communication of 10 May 2006.
    “Open”: to collaboration with external partners, regional and international;
    readiness to share knowledge.
 7th Framework Programme 2007-2013: 54 bill. EUR funding
 multilateral international research networks, European Research
 Council, European Institute of Technology
 Europe’s funding gap: 2% of GDP to higher education institutions by
 2015 (currently 1.2% GDP - Modernisation Agenda).
 University Autonomy: cover all aspects of the university’s functions –
 academic, organisational, financial and recruitment and staffing
 matters – No micro management by governments
                                      …22…
V. EHEA- increasingly intertwined in a global
                   setting
EHEA cannot function in a vacuum : communicating the
‘process’ to the world and engaging partners is crucial
Different institutions and countries across the EHEA are at
different phases of their ‘internationalisation’ process & have
different priorities
Mobility is an international, & not simply an intra-European
question
Attracting global talent: the changing role of the university as
a service provider and an ‘exporter’
Demographic developments will play an increasingly
important role
                                                         EUA
                                                     Slide 23
                             …23…
                             …23…
V. Impact on universities and EUA
Internationalisation is an increasing priority for universities across
Europe
Builds on longstanding research collaboration but now takes
account of the challenges of globalisation – competition and
cooperation
Particular importance of cooperation at master & doctoral level
EUA increasingly developing its own international agenda, e.g.
    Longstanding & regular ‘Transatlantic Dialogue’ with the US and
    Canada (ACE & AUCC)
    International cooperation with associations of graduate schools
    Development of new form of policy dialogue, especially with Asia
    & Latin America
    Publication of a Bologna & …24…
                               an,Internationalisation Handbook
                                …24…
VI Conclusion
The 2010 deadline for creating the European Higher Education
Area (EHEA) is approaching – time to reflect & move on
Successful movement for reform across 46 countries in a relatively
short period – raising the profile of European HE & overcoming
fragmentation
considerable progress but also still work to do: mobility, LLL,
realising a student centred approach
Has proved to be a catalyst for new reform thinking & ways of
working (e.g. government – stakeholder cooperation)
Is developing a European HE discourse (identity & approach)
while providing a basis for cooperation with other regions
Must now respond to increasing global pressure – rankings,
international competition, brain drain etc.
                               …25…
                                …25…
“Europe, thanks to
 Bologna, may have been
  given the opportunity to
respond to the 21st century
            agendas”
       Peter Scott, ACA President,
    Vice-Chancellor, Kingston University/UK
        EUA Bologna Handbook, 2006



                      …26…
                      …26…

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The Bologna Process – 2010 and beyond

  • 1. The Bologna Process – 2010 and beyond Michael Gaebel European University Association AUCC Bologna Symposium 26/01/2008
  • 2. EUA - « the Voice of 34 national Rectors’ Conferences European Universities« 800 individual universities in 46 European countries …2… EUA Membership - 2008
  • 3. European University Association (EUA) • Independent membership organisation • Secretariat in Brussels, Belgium • Goals: Strengthen the European universities • Institutional development • Advocacy and representation of the European universities • Shaping HE and Research policy at European level Bologna Process + Lisbon Agenda …3…
  • 4. 2010 – Completion of two complementary European reform processes Lisbon Strategy/European Research Area: Bologna Process: 27+ Member States of European Union 46 Bologna Countries + international associate countries …4… …4…
  • 5. The Bologna Process: Building the European Higher Education Area 1998/99 46 European countries have signed up • Governmental push for system convergence, • Focus: Teaching and learning The Lisbon Strategy/European Research Area 2000 European Union – currently 27+ countries • multi-national co-operation among all the actors & in all scientific fields • EU Member States and international partners • to make Europe the most competitive knowledge based society • « capable of sustainable economic growth, with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion » • Focus: R&D, S&T – also requires innovation of teaching and learning Universities are central actors in both processes …5… …5…
  • 6. Bologna : a pan-European HE Reform Process a voluntary process; with no legal obligations & a tiny ‘Bologna’ Secretariat every 2 years: Joint Ministerial Meeting & Communiqué Reform at national and institutional level shared responsibility: governments, universities, staff & students = members of the Bologna Follow-Up Group increasingly stakeholder driven now that implementation is the priority 46 countries signed up 2010: Realisation of a European Higher Education Area characterised by system convergence, mobility of students and staff, and enhanced international attractiveness …6… …6…
  • 7. 10 Bologna Actionlines Bologna Declaration of 1999: 1. Adoption of a system of easily readable and comparable degrees 2. Adoption of a system essentially based on two cycles 3. Establishment of a system of credits 4. Promotion of mobility 5. Promotion of European co-operation in quality assurance 6. Promotion of the European dimension in higher education Prague Ministerial summit of 2001: 7. Focus on lifelong learning 8. Inclusion of higher education institutions and students 9. Promotion of the attractiveness of the European Higher Education Area Berlin Ministerial summit of 2003: 10. Doctoral studies and the synergy between the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area …7…
  • 8. Approaching 2010 Have the reforms achieved their goals at institutional and national level? …8…
  • 9. The Global Dimension of Bologna Bologna Declaration (1999): “the objective of increasing the international competitiveness of the European system of higher education” growing Bologna interest across the globe Recognition of the process and Bologna degrees London Ministerial Meeting 2007 - Adoption of a “strategy for the EHEA in a global context” Universities are a driving force but new approaches required > globalisation, growing competition, new providers etc. rethink their role, mission & goals & develop specific profiles & portfolios: demand for policy dialogue & enhanced cooperation …9… …9…
  • 10. A European Dimension in Quality Assurance Quality - a core issue of Bologna Bergen 2005 - Joint European Standards and Guidelines for internal, external QA, at institutional and agency level Annual European Quality The E4 – from left to right Forum • European QA agencies (ENQA) London 2007: EQAR - European Register of Quality Assurance • European Colleges (EURASHE) Agencies – launched in 2008 • EUA • European Student Union (ESU) …10… …10…
  • 11. Three Cycle System - Achievement EUA Trends Report 2007: 83% of HEIs have the 3-cycle structure in place ?% Trends III - Trends V - Trends VII - 2003 2007 2010 EUA’s Trends report – a regular report on the implementation of Bologna reforms at institutional level - around 900 institutions answered to the Trends V questionnaire …11…
  • 12. Three-cycle system - issues to be tackled Curriculum reform, innovation of teaching and learning, Learning outcome approach Degrees – and qualifications? Employability of the Bachelor Transparency and readability of Master degrees Articulation between the cycles Development of national Qualifications Frameworks …12…
  • 13. Mobility European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) in place – but still to be improved To what extent Bologna enhances student and faculty mobility? Issues within and outside HE Students overrun from Bachelor to Master Bachelor and Master too short for mobility portability of grants, pension rights visa problems residence, work permits etc. …13…
  • 14. Approaching 2010 New goals and priorities? …14… …14…
  • 15. 1) Lifelong learning and access Demographic and economic changes more education to more people more diverse student population flexible provision social questions (tuition fees, grants & other financial support) Lifelong learning as the new paradigm EUA: “Lifelong Learning Charter for Europe’s Universities” (2008) …15… …15…
  • 16. 2) Link between higher education and research HEIs to develop further their specific research profiles maintain the momentum of the reform of doctoral education career opportunities for young researchers …16…
  • 17. 3) Redefine public responsibility public responsibility & institutional autonomy accountability institutional governance diversification of funding sources excellence in relation to a variety of different institutional missions …17…
  • 18. Outlook 2010 - less a deadline and more the start of a new phase Some reforms are accomplished, others on their way The economic and social environment is changing e. g. demographic situation of Europe Increasing need for university for linking research and education mission and addressing LLL opportunities Global Dimension to be mainstreamed mobility Bologna needs global reflection and recognition Some of issues such as learning outcomes, recognition, mobility, to be addressed with international partners Global challenges, globalisation & emergence of international education …18… …18…
  • 19. Thanks! Further info at www.eua.be or contact me Michael.gaebel@eua.be …19…
  • 20. Additional slides …20…
  • 21. 4) Mainstream the global dimension EHEA cannot function in a vacuum : communicating the ‘process’ to the world and engaging with partners is crucial Mobility is an international, & not simply an intra- European question Different institutions and countries across the EHEA are at different phases of their ‘internationalisation’ process & have different priorities …21…
  • 22. Towards the European Higher Education Area: Lisbon and European Research Area ERA Green Paper “modern and open Universities recognised as key stakeholders in achieving the future successful development of S & T in Europe. “Modern”: Modernisation agenda, EC Communication of 10 May 2006. “Open”: to collaboration with external partners, regional and international; readiness to share knowledge. 7th Framework Programme 2007-2013: 54 bill. EUR funding multilateral international research networks, European Research Council, European Institute of Technology Europe’s funding gap: 2% of GDP to higher education institutions by 2015 (currently 1.2% GDP - Modernisation Agenda). University Autonomy: cover all aspects of the university’s functions – academic, organisational, financial and recruitment and staffing matters – No micro management by governments …22…
  • 23. V. EHEA- increasingly intertwined in a global setting EHEA cannot function in a vacuum : communicating the ‘process’ to the world and engaging partners is crucial Different institutions and countries across the EHEA are at different phases of their ‘internationalisation’ process & have different priorities Mobility is an international, & not simply an intra-European question Attracting global talent: the changing role of the university as a service provider and an ‘exporter’ Demographic developments will play an increasingly important role EUA Slide 23 …23… …23…
  • 24. V. Impact on universities and EUA Internationalisation is an increasing priority for universities across Europe Builds on longstanding research collaboration but now takes account of the challenges of globalisation – competition and cooperation Particular importance of cooperation at master & doctoral level EUA increasingly developing its own international agenda, e.g. Longstanding & regular ‘Transatlantic Dialogue’ with the US and Canada (ACE & AUCC) International cooperation with associations of graduate schools Development of new form of policy dialogue, especially with Asia & Latin America Publication of a Bologna & …24… an,Internationalisation Handbook …24…
  • 25. VI Conclusion The 2010 deadline for creating the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is approaching – time to reflect & move on Successful movement for reform across 46 countries in a relatively short period – raising the profile of European HE & overcoming fragmentation considerable progress but also still work to do: mobility, LLL, realising a student centred approach Has proved to be a catalyst for new reform thinking & ways of working (e.g. government – stakeholder cooperation) Is developing a European HE discourse (identity & approach) while providing a basis for cooperation with other regions Must now respond to increasing global pressure – rankings, international competition, brain drain etc. …25… …25…
  • 26. “Europe, thanks to Bologna, may have been given the opportunity to respond to the 21st century agendas” Peter Scott, ACA President, Vice-Chancellor, Kingston University/UK EUA Bologna Handbook, 2006 …26… …26…