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Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 1
Lymphatic System
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 2
“The lymphatic system drains fluid
from our tissue spaces”
Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.322
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 3
The lymphatic
system contains
lymph, the lymphatic
vessels, the
lymphoid organs and
lymphatic tissue that
is widely distributed
throughout the body
…
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 4
How stuff works
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 5
The Lymphatic System has three main
functions …
The Lymphatic System returns tissue fluid to the blood
Specialised lymphatic vessels play an important role in the
absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins
The lymphoid tissue helps the body defend itself against
disease
(Herlihy & Maebius 2003)
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 6
Lymphatic System
A pathway for the
drainage of tissue
fluid.
Includes:
• Lymph nodes
• TheTonsils
• TheThymus
• The Spleen
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 7
All About Lymph …
Lymph is a clear fluid that resembles plasma
Lymph is composed primarily of:
• Water
• Electrolytes
• Waste from metabolising cells
• Protein that leaks out of systemic circulation
capillaries
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 8
Where does lymph come from?
Lymph is formed
from the plasma
during capillary
exchange …
Herlihy 2007 pg 265
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 9
Where does it go to?
Lymph leaves the
tissue space
through the
lymphatic vessels
The lymphatic
vessels carry it to
the heart and then
empty it into the
blood
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 10
Fluid and dissolved substances are
continuously filtered out of the blood
capillaries into the interstitium to form
tissue fluid.
About 90% of this tissue fluid moves
back into the capillaries and is carried
away as part of the venous blood
Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.323
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 11
What about the other 10% of fluid?
The 10% of fluid that doesn’t re-
enter the blood capillaries is drained
by the lymphatic capillaries that
surround the blood capillaries …
The tissue fluid that enters the
lymphatic vessels is what we know as
lymph
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 12
Lymph Nodes
Small pea-shaped
patches of
lymphatic tissue
that are
strategically
located so as to
filter the lymph as
it flows through
the lymphatic
vessels
Lymph nodes tend
to appear in
clusters
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 13
Lymph Nodes
Made of specialized lymphoid
tissue. Functions include:
• Removal of impurities
• Processing of lymphocytes
which aid in combating
infection
Are usually massed together.
Groups include:
• Cervical
• Axillary
• Tracheobronchial
• Mesenteric
• Inguinal
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 14
Some of the larger clusters are:
• Cervical lymph nodes
• Axillary lymph nodes
• Inguinal lymph nodes
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 15
How stuff works
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 16
Lymph Node Structure
The walls of a lymph
node are made from a
single layer of
epithelium and have
large pores.
The pores allow the
lymphatic capillaries to
drain tissue fluid and
protein and so form
lymph
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 17
medicine.ucsd.ed/clinicalmed/head.html
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 18
Axillary nodes
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 19
The LymphaticVessels
The lymphatic vessels
include the lymphatic
capillaries and several
larger lymphatic
vessels.
The lymphatic vessels,
like blood vessels,
form an extensive
network throughout
the body
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 20
The distribution of lymphatic vessels is
similar to that of the veins …
Every organ has a rich supply of
lymphatic vessels that pick up the fluid
and transport it to the heart
Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.323
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 21
When the lymph is absorbed by the
lymphatic capillaries it flows towards
the heart in a series of larger and
larger lymph vessels until it reaches the
large lymphatic ducts …
Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.323
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 22
The lymph from the right arm and right side of
the head and thorax drains into the right
lymphatic duct
The lymph from the rest of the body drains
into the thoracic duct
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 23
How stuff works
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 24
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 25
Both ducts enter into the subclavian
veins
The right lymphatic duct drains into
the right subclavian vein
The thoracic duct drains into the left
subclavian vein
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 26
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 27
medicine.ucsd.ed/clinicalmed/head.html
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 28
www.bt.cdc.gov/...trainingmodule/3/03.asp
Swollen axillary lymph node
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 29
How lymph moves through the
lymphatic vessels
Blood is pumped around the body by the
heart
Lymph requires other mechanisms to
move it through the lymphatic vessels
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 30
Lymph moves in response to the following
…
• The milking action of skeletal muscles
• The movement of the chest during
respiration
• The rhythmic contraction and relaxation
of smooth muscles in the lymph
capillaries
Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.324
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 31
Lymphoedma
• REF: thenakedscientists.com
• “How the Lymphatic system works”
• Stephanie Modi.
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 32
The Lymphoid Organs
• Lymph Nodes
• The Tonsils
• Thymus
Gland
• The Spleen
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 33
LymphoidTissue
Tonsils: Mass of lymphoid tissue
that filters tissue fluid. Have a
function in immunity during
early childhood.
Thymus: key role in
development of pre and post
birth immunity.
Spleen: Lymphoid tissue that
filters blood. Destroys worn out
RBC . Cleans blood by
phagocytosis. Dam for blood.
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 34
The Tonsils …
The Tonsils are partially encapsulated
lymph nodes in the throat area
They filter tissue fluid that is
contaminated by pathogens that have
entered the body through the nose or
mouth or both
Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.326
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 35
There are three sets of tonsils …
• The PalatineTonsils
• The PharyngealTonsils (The Adenoids)
• The LingualTonsils
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 36
www.dentsl.mu.edu/...oraltonsil/oraltonsil.htm
Oral Tonsil
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 37
TheThymus Gland
• Located in the upper thorax behind the sternum
and below the thyroid gland
• It is most active in early life
• Plays a crucial role in the development of the
immune system before birth and in the first
months of life
• After puberty it shrinks and is replaced by
connective tissue and fat
• It is concerned with the manufacture of T Cells
Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.327
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 38
TheThymus Gland … cont.
The Thymus gland secretes hormones called
Thymosins
Thymosins promote the maturation of lymphocytes
within that gland
Thymosins also promote the growth and activity of
lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue function
throughout the body
Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.327
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 39
www.dentsl.mu.edu/...oraltonsil/oraltonsil.htm
Thymus Gland
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 40
The Spleen
• The Largest lymphoid organ in the body
• Located in the upper left quadrant of the
abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm
• Normally protected by the rib cage
• It shape and structure is similar to a lymph
node, only much larger!
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 41
The Spleen … cont
• The Spleen filters blood rather than
lymph
• The Spleen has two types of tissue:
- White Pulp
- Red Pulp
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 42
White Pulp
• Consists of lymphoid tissue
• Lymphocytes that surround arteries
are found here
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 43
Blood enters the spleen through the Splenic
Artery
The blood flows through the spleen and is
cleansed
Micro-organisms that are trapped in the spleen
are destroyed by the Leukocytes
The cleansed blood leaves by the SplenicVein
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 44
The Spleen has other functions …
• The spleen acts as a storage area for blood
• The blood is released in an emergency
• The Spleen also destroys old worn out red blood cells
• The Spleen plays a role in erythropoiesis
as a site of red blood cell production before birth
Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.327
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 45
Red Pulp …
• Contains venous sinuses
• The venous sinuses are filled with blood,
lymphocytes and macrophages
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 46
www.ames.kiz.ia.us/...classrooms/21/Human.html
Spleen
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 47
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
• Lymphangitis
• Elephantiasis
• Lymphadenitis
• Lymphadenopathy
• Splenomegaly
• Hodgkin’s Disease
• Lymphoscarcoma.
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 48
References
• Brown,D & Edwards,H. (2005) Lewis’s Medical – Surgical
Nursing.Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems.
Elsevier , Sydney
• Memmler, R. L. &Wood, D. L. (1987) The Human Body in
Health and Disease. (6th ed). J.B. Lippincott company,
Philadelphia.
• Mosby’s (2002) Mosby’s Medical Nursing & Allied Health
Dictionary. Elsevier, United States of America.
• Tortora, GJ & Grabowski, SR (1990) Principles of anatomy
and physiology (6th ed).. HarperCollins Publishers Inc. New
York.
48
Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 49
List of References
medicine.ucsd.ed/clinicalmed/head.html
medicine.ucsd.ed/clinicalmed/head.html
www.bt.cdc.gov/...trainingmodule/3/03.asp
www.cvm.tamu.edu/.../faq/question/cancer02.html
www.dentsl.mu.edu/...oraltonsil/oraltonsil.htm
www.dentsl.mu.edu/...oraltonsil/oraltonsil.htm
www.ames.kiz.ia.us/...classrooms/21/Human.html
Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, The Human Body in Health and Illness
2nd Edition,2003, Saunders, United States of America

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Lymphatic system 2014 tas tafe

  • 1. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 1 Lymphatic System
  • 2. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 2 “The lymphatic system drains fluid from our tissue spaces” Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.322
  • 3. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 3 The lymphatic system contains lymph, the lymphatic vessels, the lymphoid organs and lymphatic tissue that is widely distributed throughout the body …
  • 4. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 4 How stuff works
  • 5. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 5 The Lymphatic System has three main functions … The Lymphatic System returns tissue fluid to the blood Specialised lymphatic vessels play an important role in the absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins The lymphoid tissue helps the body defend itself against disease (Herlihy & Maebius 2003)
  • 6. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 6 Lymphatic System A pathway for the drainage of tissue fluid. Includes: • Lymph nodes • TheTonsils • TheThymus • The Spleen
  • 7. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 7 All About Lymph … Lymph is a clear fluid that resembles plasma Lymph is composed primarily of: • Water • Electrolytes • Waste from metabolising cells • Protein that leaks out of systemic circulation capillaries
  • 8. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 8 Where does lymph come from? Lymph is formed from the plasma during capillary exchange … Herlihy 2007 pg 265
  • 9. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 9 Where does it go to? Lymph leaves the tissue space through the lymphatic vessels The lymphatic vessels carry it to the heart and then empty it into the blood
  • 10. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 10 Fluid and dissolved substances are continuously filtered out of the blood capillaries into the interstitium to form tissue fluid. About 90% of this tissue fluid moves back into the capillaries and is carried away as part of the venous blood Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.323
  • 11. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 11 What about the other 10% of fluid? The 10% of fluid that doesn’t re- enter the blood capillaries is drained by the lymphatic capillaries that surround the blood capillaries … The tissue fluid that enters the lymphatic vessels is what we know as lymph
  • 12. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 12 Lymph Nodes Small pea-shaped patches of lymphatic tissue that are strategically located so as to filter the lymph as it flows through the lymphatic vessels Lymph nodes tend to appear in clusters
  • 13. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 13 Lymph Nodes Made of specialized lymphoid tissue. Functions include: • Removal of impurities • Processing of lymphocytes which aid in combating infection Are usually massed together. Groups include: • Cervical • Axillary • Tracheobronchial • Mesenteric • Inguinal
  • 14. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 14 Some of the larger clusters are: • Cervical lymph nodes • Axillary lymph nodes • Inguinal lymph nodes
  • 15. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 15 How stuff works
  • 16. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 16 Lymph Node Structure The walls of a lymph node are made from a single layer of epithelium and have large pores. The pores allow the lymphatic capillaries to drain tissue fluid and protein and so form lymph
  • 17. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 17 medicine.ucsd.ed/clinicalmed/head.html
  • 18. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 18 Axillary nodes
  • 19. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 19 The LymphaticVessels The lymphatic vessels include the lymphatic capillaries and several larger lymphatic vessels. The lymphatic vessels, like blood vessels, form an extensive network throughout the body
  • 20. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 20 The distribution of lymphatic vessels is similar to that of the veins … Every organ has a rich supply of lymphatic vessels that pick up the fluid and transport it to the heart Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.323
  • 21. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 21 When the lymph is absorbed by the lymphatic capillaries it flows towards the heart in a series of larger and larger lymph vessels until it reaches the large lymphatic ducts … Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.323
  • 22. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 22 The lymph from the right arm and right side of the head and thorax drains into the right lymphatic duct The lymph from the rest of the body drains into the thoracic duct
  • 23. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 23 How stuff works
  • 24. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 24
  • 25. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 25 Both ducts enter into the subclavian veins The right lymphatic duct drains into the right subclavian vein The thoracic duct drains into the left subclavian vein
  • 26. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 26
  • 27. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 27 medicine.ucsd.ed/clinicalmed/head.html
  • 28. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 28 www.bt.cdc.gov/...trainingmodule/3/03.asp Swollen axillary lymph node
  • 29. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 29 How lymph moves through the lymphatic vessels Blood is pumped around the body by the heart Lymph requires other mechanisms to move it through the lymphatic vessels
  • 30. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 30 Lymph moves in response to the following … • The milking action of skeletal muscles • The movement of the chest during respiration • The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the lymph capillaries Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.324
  • 31. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 31 Lymphoedma • REF: thenakedscientists.com • “How the Lymphatic system works” • Stephanie Modi.
  • 32. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 32 The Lymphoid Organs • Lymph Nodes • The Tonsils • Thymus Gland • The Spleen
  • 33. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 33 LymphoidTissue Tonsils: Mass of lymphoid tissue that filters tissue fluid. Have a function in immunity during early childhood. Thymus: key role in development of pre and post birth immunity. Spleen: Lymphoid tissue that filters blood. Destroys worn out RBC . Cleans blood by phagocytosis. Dam for blood.
  • 34. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 34 The Tonsils … The Tonsils are partially encapsulated lymph nodes in the throat area They filter tissue fluid that is contaminated by pathogens that have entered the body through the nose or mouth or both Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.326
  • 35. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 35 There are three sets of tonsils … • The PalatineTonsils • The PharyngealTonsils (The Adenoids) • The LingualTonsils
  • 36. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 36 www.dentsl.mu.edu/...oraltonsil/oraltonsil.htm Oral Tonsil
  • 37. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 37 TheThymus Gland • Located in the upper thorax behind the sternum and below the thyroid gland • It is most active in early life • Plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system before birth and in the first months of life • After puberty it shrinks and is replaced by connective tissue and fat • It is concerned with the manufacture of T Cells Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.327
  • 38. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 38 TheThymus Gland … cont. The Thymus gland secretes hormones called Thymosins Thymosins promote the maturation of lymphocytes within that gland Thymosins also promote the growth and activity of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue function throughout the body Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.327
  • 39. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 39 www.dentsl.mu.edu/...oraltonsil/oraltonsil.htm Thymus Gland
  • 40. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 40 The Spleen • The Largest lymphoid organ in the body • Located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm • Normally protected by the rib cage • It shape and structure is similar to a lymph node, only much larger!
  • 41. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 41 The Spleen … cont • The Spleen filters blood rather than lymph • The Spleen has two types of tissue: - White Pulp - Red Pulp
  • 42. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 42 White Pulp • Consists of lymphoid tissue • Lymphocytes that surround arteries are found here
  • 43. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 43 Blood enters the spleen through the Splenic Artery The blood flows through the spleen and is cleansed Micro-organisms that are trapped in the spleen are destroyed by the Leukocytes The cleansed blood leaves by the SplenicVein
  • 44. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 44 The Spleen has other functions … • The spleen acts as a storage area for blood • The blood is released in an emergency • The Spleen also destroys old worn out red blood cells • The Spleen plays a role in erythropoiesis as a site of red blood cell production before birth Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, 2003, P.327
  • 45. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 45 Red Pulp … • Contains venous sinuses • The venous sinuses are filled with blood, lymphocytes and macrophages
  • 46. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 46 www.ames.kiz.ia.us/...classrooms/21/Human.html Spleen
  • 47. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 47 Disorders of the Lymphatic System • Lymphangitis • Elephantiasis • Lymphadenitis • Lymphadenopathy • Splenomegaly • Hodgkin’s Disease • Lymphoscarcoma.
  • 48. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 48 References • Brown,D & Edwards,H. (2005) Lewis’s Medical – Surgical Nursing.Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Elsevier , Sydney • Memmler, R. L. &Wood, D. L. (1987) The Human Body in Health and Disease. (6th ed). J.B. Lippincott company, Philadelphia. • Mosby’s (2002) Mosby’s Medical Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary. Elsevier, United States of America. • Tortora, GJ & Grabowski, SR (1990) Principles of anatomy and physiology (6th ed).. HarperCollins Publishers Inc. New York. 48
  • 49. Document Title (Editable via ‘Slide Master’) | Page 49 List of References medicine.ucsd.ed/clinicalmed/head.html medicine.ucsd.ed/clinicalmed/head.html www.bt.cdc.gov/...trainingmodule/3/03.asp www.cvm.tamu.edu/.../faq/question/cancer02.html www.dentsl.mu.edu/...oraltonsil/oraltonsil.htm www.dentsl.mu.edu/...oraltonsil/oraltonsil.htm www.ames.kiz.ia.us/...classrooms/21/Human.html Herlihy, B & Maebius, N, The Human Body in Health and Illness 2nd Edition,2003, Saunders, United States of America