The Sociology Of A Commercial Airline Pilot Essay

The Sociology Of A Commercial Airline Pilot Essay
This assignment focuses on analyzing the sociology of a commercial airline pilot's job and the
working environment in this increasingly influential sector. An airline pilot carries great
responsibility and their job comes with a magnitude of risks. It is both a physically and mentally
demanding career choice that requires one to remain calm under pressure whilst operating in a
different time zone and unpredictable weather conditions, as well as having to meet the health
requirements such as perfect vision and coordination (to name a few). Commercial aviation is one of
the world's biggest sectors and so the magnitude of research is immense, however the aim of this
research assignment is to focus on tensions and trends surrounding the occupation of commercial
airline pilots; such as gender inequality and stereotypes, as women continue to face gender barriers
due to the industry being dominated by males since the heyday of the aviation sector (Germain, M.,
Herzog, M., & Hamilton, P., 2012). Additionally the stresses surrounding the unconventional work
environment, as airline employees tend to work on eight to fifteen hour shifts, however on occasion
flight delays may require them to exceed the length of the shift (Tourigny, Vishwanath & Wang,
2010). This unpredictability in scheduling policies may contribute to an increased level of job as
well as family–related stress, even burnouts in some cases, which impacts on the well being of
employees. Finally the analysis concludes
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PEST Analysis: The Airline Industry
Aviation industry is one among the most important industries of any country because of its
economic and social viability. The aviation industry not only contributes to the Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) of the country and improves employment statistics, but also aids in domestic and
international trade, and facilitates many other businesses. Socially the industry connects people to
people leading to cultural exchange and enhancement. Indian aviation industry has completed a
century of its existence and these 100 years have witnessed severe highs and lows. On the one hand,
there has been rise in the number of companies competing in the industry along with a simultaneous
growth in the number of airline passengers; on the other hand the industry ... Show more content on
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PESTLE Analysis
Thinking about airlines, the first thought which probably comes to mind would be luxury and
comfort. However, there is much more to the airline industry than just that. Yes, most of the airlines
worldwide are facing a cycle of rising operating costs and declining profits and margins. Now,
passengers may not be able to observe these characteristics, but after extensive research it is quite
apparent the global airline industry is in disarray.
So, what factors are affecting the industry? And more importantly, how is the industry coping with
them? Here is a PEST analysis for airline industry to give you a better idea.
POLITICAL
The airline industry operates in a highly regulated political environment where passengers are
favored over the airlines. This is due to the fact that passenger safety is paramount and the political
establishment have been made weary of the airlines and resorted towards strict regulations for their
operations, due to their earlier inclinations towards monopolistic behavior. Furthermore, with there
being more competition in the industry and regulations in demand, passengers are in a position
where they can push for lower prices and

PEST Analysis: Pest Analysis Of The Air Industry
We will analyze it through PEST analysis. Basically pest analysis is a framework of macro
environmental factors on the basis of which we analyze about an industry. There are four major
factors.
Political: It is concerned with the political condition of that country whether the government is
stable or not. What are the different policies which have been decided by the government regarding
that sector. Other factors are tax controls, labor laws, consumer and environmental protection
legislation etc. It shows how much control does a government has over that sector.
Economic: These include current and projected inflation rate, Growth rate and interest rate. What
are the future economic trends and what are the major shift happening. How much people ... Show
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Hence people are more willing to travel by air than never before. Promotion of India as a major
tourist destination, a campaign has been launched by Indian government "Incredible India". Also
GOA gets Visa on arrival facility for 43 countries. India recorded .65 million foreign tourist arrivals
(FTAs) in October 2014 over .59 million and .56 million in October 2013 & October 2012
respectively. Greater scope for customization in this mode of transport. As one can have food
according to his specifications, use of voucher coupons etc. Air transport in India today supports 8.8
million jobs. India a major developing country so need for faster mode of transport. Indians
travelling to Asia–Pacific alone spent $13.3 billion in 2011. This figure is set to zoom to $91 billion
by 2030, making Indians the second–biggest spenders, after China, in the world on overseas

General Aviation Aircraft Value Analysis
General Aviation Aircraft Value Analysis
A value analysis of four different modes of transportation was conducted to assess which would be
the most economical by means of time and expense. Two separate trips were analyzed. The first, a
relatively shorter trip of 1200 miles round trip from Detroit Michigan to Nashville Tennessee. The
second, a longer trip of 2800 round trip miles from Detroit to Miami Florida.
Three colleagues were used as a baseline for costs for all modes of transportation. The analyzed
modes of transportation included car, train, business jet and commercial airline. Also included in the
cost analysis were paid company time, per diem, fuel, food stops, hotel and miscellaneous expenses.
The standard expenses listed in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regardless of its advantages or disadvantages, it can offer an economical way to travel during
shorter trips. As outlined below, due to lengthy staff time requirements and relatively slower travel it
is not ideal for long trips.
During both the long and the short trip, three people will be sharing one vehicle. This could offer the
opportunity to share the driving duties, have work discussion, and rest. Personal experience however
shows that it can be very challenging to work (on a laptop for example) while riding in a car. Both
the trip to Nashville and Miami by car are outlined in table 1 and table 2 below. The trip expenses
also includes a necessary stay in a hotel (for each person), per diem, staff time, and the drive to the
rental car facility. The estimated total cost of driving to Nashville was $8655, while driving to
Miami was $14,844. The greatest expense was incurred during the excessive staff time and related
expenses incurred while driving.
Automobile Business Aircraft Commercial Aircraft Train Time Cost Time Cost Time Cost Time
Cost
Office to Airport–Airport to Office 60 min r/t
+ 72 hr parking $60 60 min r/t + 24 hr parking $20 60 min r/t
+ 48 hr parking $40 60 min
Free parking $0
Time in airport, boarding, deplaning, rental car check–in 15 min check in for rental car 15 min
15 min
15 min $0 3 hr r/t min
2 hr r/t N/A $0
En route time 18 hr r/t 4 hr r/t $4,200/3=
$1400 8 hr 20 min r/t $353 32 hr r/t $274
Staff Time 27 hr. 27 x $80 =

Pilot Fatigue Essay
In todays society it is no longer a question but a fact that pilot fatigue is a major threat to flight
safety. Fatigue has been cited as a factor in several accidents and serious incidents in recent years.
Over the last decade a substantial amount of research and case studies have been conducted on
fatigue and pilot performance. All of which have scientifically proven that fatigue reduces the
physical and mental awareness of one's ability to operate a plane safely. This is due to the long duty
days, circadian disruptions from night flying, time zone changes leading to jet lag, stressors, and
insufficient rest or sleep periods. In general, these studies have shown that a fatigued person may
lose up to 80% of his or her attention capabilities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was not until after the February 2009 crash in Buffalo, New York of a Colgan Air plane that the
issue of pilot fatigue came under scrutiny. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) stated
in their findings that a determining factor of the crash was the role of pilot fatigue. The captain had
reduced sleep opportunities the night before as he stayed overnight in a crew room, and it was noted
that he accessed a company computer at 0310. The same was said about the First officer. The First
officer was on an overnight transcontinental commute the night prior to her work flight and was
sleeping on airplanes and in crew rooms. Both pilots' performances were undoubtedly impaired due
to fatigue. This accident raised major concerns and prompted the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) to revamp decades old rules. In November 2009 the ICAO amended Annex 6 to the
Convention on International Civil Aviation to include a series of standards and recommendations for
fatigue management requirements. Shortly thereafter Transportation Canada (TC), European
Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA), and India were all
required by ICAO to review their current flight duty time (FDT) requirements to determine if they
reflected the latest fatigue

auditing case study--Virgin Australia Essay
Executive Summary
This report analyses Virgin Australia (ASX code VAH) and identifies its potential business and audit
risks that will need to be addressed in the 2014 audit. It is presented to the Virgin Australia Audit
Committee as part of the 2014 Audit planning process.
The first part of this report provides a broad introduction into the business of Virgin Australian by
examining its principal sources of revenue, its nature of operating, its competitors, the market share
and the regulations affecting its operations. From this, it can be seen that Virgin Australia operates in
a very competitive environment and generates revenue by the core business of passenger and cargo
transport.
The second part of this report analyses the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Airport Lounges – Virgin Australia provides airport lounges at Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane,
Canberra, Adelaide, Perth, Mackay and Gold Coast domestic airports. Designed for frequent
travelers, entry is by membership only.
Velocity Rewards – Virgin Australia's loyalty program that allows points to be used to purchase
airline travel, hotel nights, car hire, online shopping and charitable donations.
Freight – Virgin Australia offers domestic and international freight services to its customers,
including same day and overnight express, perishable cargo, dangerous goods and animal transport
services.
The diagram is company's every week flights, and we can observe it directly.
1.3 Competition Analysis
Virgin Australia is facing competition from both international market and domestic market.
The major competitor is Qantas Airways Limited which is the largest airline in Australia base on the
number in fleet. Qantas has 244 aircrafts and Virgin Australia has 128 aircrafts according to
Australian civil aircraft register search on 'Civil Aviation Safety Authority' on January 2014.
Domestic market Virgin Australia, including Tiger Australia (Virgin owns 60% of Tiger now),
occupies 35% of the domestic market share in Australia, and its major competitor Qantas, including
its subsidiary Jetstar, accounts for a majority of 61% of the domestic market share in January
2014.Qantas (QF) has grown by 18% over 5 years (Jan 2008 vs. Jan 2014) while Virgin Australia

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Alliances In...
Alliances and Partnership in Civil Aviation "First Europe, and then the globe, will be linked by
flight, and nations so knit together that they will grow to be next–door neighbors. . . . What railways
have done for nations, airways will do for the world." – Claude Grahame–White, 1914. The subject
that I am taking up in this context, to further research in, as per the allotted curriculum is called
International Air Law. The topic that I shall be taking up in brief in this First Draft Synopsis is called
"Alliances and Partnerships in Civil Aviation". I shall be targeting this topic largely from the Indian
Perspective, although glimpses of global principles and their ideological interplay may be gleaned
from the text from time to time. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What are the various kind of alliances that can be formed between two entities of the Civil Aviation
sector, particularly with respect to airlines? 2. What kinds of alliances exist in the Aviation Sector in
the Indian market? 3. What are the distinct advantages and disadvantages of Partnerships in the Civil
Aviation Sector? 4. Whether Alliances in the Aviation Industry have a tendency to promote unfair
trade practices and adversely affect the market scenario? Hypothesis It is assumed that the alliances
and partnerships in civil aviation are doing more good than harm and strategic initiatives between
different entities in this sector are largely beneficial to the end user in providing for a better overall
experience with regards to service. Research Methodology The Research Methodology adopted in
this Research Project is primarily doctrinal in nature. The Doctrinal research on this research on this
issue covers reports of the Competition Commission of India, The Chicago Convention among
others, Articles published in research journals, speeches given by prominent jurists, articles in the
newspaper, Statutes, Books and most importantly the Constitution of India. Tentative Chapterization
The research project shall consist of the following

History of Civil Aviation
Civil aviation came about after World War one when pioneers explored new uses for aircraft, before
that aircraft were only used for war purposes. In 1908 the British army developed aircraft, a few
years before in 1904 J. E. Cooper, from the British war office, visited the Wright Brothers. His aim
was to bring back information and skills on aircraft. This did not happen because the Wright
brothers asked for $100,000 for the method of aircraft and a further $100,000 for the formulae and
theoretical knowledge. The war office was unwilling to pay this amount.
Later, during the First World War, the aeroplane matured rapidly. Aeroplanes had to stand up to the
war time maintenance. Although the Bi planes of 1918 resembled pre war types they ... Show more
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Following D.H.4A and D.H.16 de Havilland designed a purely civil D.H.18, with a 450hp Napier
Lion engine and eight seats. This came about in 1920, used by Aircraft Transport and Instone.
Improved development brought about the Lion–powered eight–passenger D.H.34 which had its first
flight on March 26th, 1922 then went into service with Daimler Airway, just a week later, on April
2nd. This aeroplane type was also used by Instone and one was even exported to Russia.
Handley Page designed and built the W.8, based on its own 0/400 series, which had two Eagle
engines. The W.8 compared to the 0/400, had reduced wing span, better passenger accommodation
and a single fin and rudder in place of the 0/400s box–like structure. The W.8 had its first flight on
4th December 1919 and had limited service with Handley Page Transport. It was followed by three
12/14 seat Eagle powered W.8bs.
The aeroplane to become the best known through out all pioneering days or aircraft manufacturer
was the Vickers Vimy Commercial, named 'City of London'. It was in turn a modified Vimy bomber,
the aircraft that was first to make a non–stop transatlantic flight and England–Australia flight. The
'City of London' airplanes difference was that it incorporated a new fuselage having seats for up to
ten paying customers.
It soon proved that for an air route to be successful it would

Essay On Indigo Airlines
Introduction
This report seeks to recommend practical strategies on how to improve service productivity, without
neglecting service quality of Indigo Airlines.
Indigo is a budget airline company headquartered at Gurgaon, India (commenced operations from
15 August 2006), specialising in domestic flights. It is the fastest growing and largest airline in India
with a market share of 37.8% as of April 2015. The airline offers about 650 daily flights connecting
to 38 destinations which includes 5 international destinations with its primary hub at Indira Gandhi
International Airport, New Delhi. It presently operates am airline fleet of 96 aircraft belonging to the
Airbus A320 family.
For an airline transport company based in India, customers generally ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There are two main aspects that describe and affect both service quality; the actual service
customers expected (expected service) and services perceived (perceived service). Fitzsimmons &
Fitzsimmons (2001) explains that the creation of customer satisfaction for a service can be identified
through a comparison between service perceptions with service expectation, see Figure 1.
Methods
Focus on utilizing secondary airports and older terminals should reduce airport fees and also up to a
certain point it is possible to avoid head–on competition with or any of the high end airline services.
This will enable less congested airports, reduce average flight times and delay incidents.
Consequently Indigo will start to attract business travellers who value punctuality and frequency.
Other important features that can be added include innovative boarding processes that yield shorter
ground waits are
Reduce and monitor air freights – Since these airlines are frequent flyers reducing the load on the
aircraft. It would also improve the flying experience, especially through

Prosecution Of The International Civil Aviation Organization
Prosecution of Aviation Criminals Civil Accountability or Detriment to Public Safety Since the
establishment of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1944 and the United States
(U.S.) National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) in 1967, safety of the flying public has been a
top priority. To maintain safety, the ICAO member states and NTSB promulgate regulations and
guidelines for aviation safety, and investigate aviation accidents separately from other civil or
governmental agencies. However, a troubling trend has developed in ICAO member states of Brazil,
France, Greece, Indonesia, Spain, and Turkey, where criminal investigations of commercial aviation
accidents have run parallel or obstructed an aviation safety investigation (See Appendix A for
specific information on aviation accidents in these ICAO states). Criminal investigations stemming
from commercial aviation accidents are not historically unprecedented and are indeed necessary in
cases of terrorism, sabotage or intentional misconduct. Court records show that twenty–seven
criminal prosecutions were conducted internationally against commercial airlines and business jet
operators from 1956 through 1999 (Nemsick & Passeri, 2012). However from 2000 to 2009,
aviation criminal prosecutions globally doubled in frequency and scope due to six high visibility
aviation accidents in the previously mentioned ICAO states. During this nine year period, twenty–
eight criminal prosecutions occurred and

NSAJordaniaforecast2015
Current
Market
Outlook
Nickolas Sarlis M.B.A,
B.Sc Math,
B.A(Hon) Political Science
February 4
2015
Current Market Outlook
Purpose of the forecast
The current market outlook is our long term forecast of the air traffic volumes & demand.
The forecast helps shape our product strategy & guide long term business planning.
We start fresh every year, factoring the effects of current business conditions & developments into
our analysis of the long term drivers of air travel.
Effects of market forces.
The Aviation industry continually adapts t market forces. Key among these are fuel prices, economic
growth & development, environmental regulations, infrastructure, market liberalization, airplane
capabilities, other modes of transport, business ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sources of ancillary revenue include fees for baggage, ticket change, extra amenities, annual
subscriptions to premium services, frequent flyer programs (FFP), and even on board duty free
sales. Some of the more innovative sources (such as annual subscriptions and FFP products like
branded credit cards) generate handsome margins for the airline and promote brand loyalty. Such
strategies helped the airlines improve profitability for 2013.
Improved profitability is allowing airlines to increase strategic investment for future growth.
Airlines are boosting investments to enhance their customer product offering and operating
efficiencies. Example, in addition to new airplanes, airlines are investing in new information and
mobile technology, upgraded cabin interiors for higher levels of service, and additional seats to
improve unit costs. Some airlines are increasing equity investment in other airlines and cross border
partnerships to solidify and expand networks. Reinvestment of profit into airline products enhances
the long term growth prospects for the industry.
Airline strategies and business models
Strategic planning is a continual process for airlines. Plans must take into account the challenging

and ever changing competitive environment as well as how passengers define value. Example,
Business travelers are sensitive to flight times and expect a high level of service. Short haul business
travelers

Current Situation of Airline Industry
Current Situation of Airline Industry
Since the airline industry was deregulated in the late 1970s, they shall hold the line on the number of
planes they fly. The result is that the people by plane shall be more and more, and the fares shall
become expensive. Because air transport is faster than other transportation methods, the people
increasingly prefer to fly. The air transportation shall be an important transportation method in the
future, and the people engaged in air transportation shall have a brilliant future. The plane is not
only in transportation, but also it can be used in military. The profits of airline are very substantial.
Airline tried to maintain this situation for more profits. But they failed, because appeared many ...
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After analysis, you can find that the competitors are not only the players, and other transportation
can also impact on airlines. The strongest competitive force is the airline which can determine the
profitability of an industry and of are of greatest importance in strategy formulation. Like other
industries, you need to compete in all of the aspects, such as product quality, service and so on. As
you know, air transport has a certain risk, so you must make your customers feel safe. The fare is
expensive compared to other transportation, so you service must be the best.
Distribution channels shall improve the profitability. Set up distribution outlets throughout the
country. Facilitate the customers around the country, and increase profits for themselves.
Government policy shall limit the development of airline, such as air pollution, water pollution,
saving energy and so on. The airline must meet these requirements, and otherwise the government
shall limit their development.
Formulate strategy for coping with competition. The intense competition in airline industry is
neither coincidence nor bad luck, as long as you formulate a set of detailed strategy plan, and you
shall have ability to cope with your competitors. You need rational analysis, and do not be too
pessimistically.
If the airlines want to cope with the competitors, they need to invest large financial resources to
build the

Airline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed
INTRODUCTION Airline deregulation is the process of removing the government–imposed
regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth
of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline
Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act
was proposed initially during Nixon's presidency, and was carried out by the Ford Administration.
The airline industry was growing dramatically during the 1960s and mid–1970s. Due to the steady
increase in the demand, airlines were facing three major difficulties– lack of free and stable market,
high ticket prices leading to poor productivity, and rising ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Section four, will be an overview of post–deregulation strategies and its success. Section five, will
address the present day oligopolistic domestic airline market and explain how it is hurting social
welfare. Section six, will present methods such as "mergers" or "alliances" which are being utilized
to prevent competition. Section seven, will outline the major historic event of 9/11 and the impact it
had on the airline industries, as it strongly called for government involvement. Lastly, I will
conclude with few remarks. SECTION TWO: History of the airline industry and the CAB
The beginning of government–imposed regulations on the airline industry can be dated back to the
passage of the Civil Aeronautics Act in 1938. (Millbrooke, 2006) The Civil Aeronautics Act was
responsible for transferring federal responsibilities for non–military aviation from the Bureau of Air
Commerce to a new independent agency referred to as the Civil Aeronautics Authority. The Civil
Aeronautic Authority soon became Civil Aeronautics board (CAB) and had three major functions: to
award routes to airlines, limit the competition by controlling the entry of new air carriers into the
market, and to regulate the air fares. (Millbrooke, 2006) The established practices of the commercial
passenger can be dated even further back to the policies of Walter Folger Brown, the U.S.
postmaster general in

General Aviation And A Business Jet
General Aviation Value Analysis – The Comparison This General Aviation Value Analysis will
provide a comparison between commercial aviation and a business jet. To help with this comparison
a short distance and a long distance trip will be used. Both trips will be a business trip in nature and
each include myself and three additional colleagues. The business trip is set for July 12th. The
departure location is Seattle, WA to Boise, ID (short trip) and Seattle, WA to Houston, TX (long
trip). The analysis can then be used by the business to compare and contrast the best solution.
Commercial Air Travel
The commercial airline selected for the business trip is Alaska Airlines. The airline is the ideal
carrier because Seattle is Alaska Airline's hub, making it the best choice for both trips. It's important
to point put today that commercial airlines face an overwhelming high volume of travelers. With
more and more passengers traveling via commercial airlines, one of challenges business travelers
face today is the longer wait times through the TSA security check point, delayed flights,
overbooked flights, and even flight cancellations. This in return can cost a business a deal, increase
business travel time, and add to the travel cost. For many business travelers' time is money.
Short Trip from Seattle to Boise
 Departing July, 11 at 4:15 / Returning July 12 departing at 7:30 pm – $264.70 per person x 4 =
$1,058.80  For travel times not including time in airplane o Check–in,

The Environmental Effect Of Operational Planning And...
Organizations face many pressures in their attempt to navigate daily operations, while conducting
business in such a way that their stakeholders are satisfied. This organization must meet stakeholder
satisfaction with regard to profit margins, stock prices, and personal and organizational beliefs. The
belief structure of the organization, as a whole, as well as concerned individuals holds special
emphasis, as it directs how operations influence the organization's image. As the global conscience
advances through the 21st century, the environmental effect of operational planning and execution
take center stage in the efforts to curb and reduce the ecological footprint of a company. Southwest
Airlines must remain cognizant of their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Puempel and Williams (2016) project that failure to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement could
lead to rising sea levels, warmer air temperatures, and more erratic weather and jet stream patterns,
which will threaten coastal airports, increase the amount of fuel required for takeoff and landing,
and shift flight patterns to less fuel efficient paths.
Hope comes in the form of a progressive vision, one which will set Southwest above its peers in the
modernization of environmentally conscious advancement of aviation practices. Setting an example
by making commercial aviation operations sustainable and environmentally sound through the
implementation of innovative practices in air and ground operations for the betterment of the
aviation industry and the human race. This vision will lead to an industry benchmark in the
effective, efficient, and effusive operations that will become commonplace in the future of
commercial aviation. Although this is a very ambitious vision, it is attainable through solid change
strategy, focusing on existing technology, for operations in flight and on the ground.
The main contributor to carbon emissions, and the primary factor of the environmental impact of
aviation, is jet engines. Two ways that an airline company can save on fuel expenses, and the
subsequent impact to the environment, is through altering takeoff procedures and investing in more
fuel–efficient engines. Fuel requirements for takeoff

The International Civil Aviation Organization
1. Introduction A conference was initiated by the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944, in
which all the allied powers as well as some neutral governments convened at Chicago to discuss the
future of civil aviation. The expectations from this conference, which came to be known as the
Chicago Convention, were high even though the timing of the convention wasn't perfect. The
Chicago Convention proposed the formation of the International Civil Aviation Organisation
(ICAO), which later became a part of the UN in 1947. The ICAO contains universal rules covering
airspace sovereignty, aircraft registration and airworthiness, and global Standards and
Recommended Practices (SARPs) for technical and safety harmonization records of the national ...
Fifty–four countries attended the Chicago conference and although it did not quite achieve all of its
goals, it did provide the groundwork for the founding of the ICAO in 1947. The Soviet Union was
invited to the conference but did not attend. Many of the countries which the Allies were at war –
Germany, Japan, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Italy and Finland – were not invited and
were not represented but it was the absence of the USSR which was mainly felt as the USSR
represented the largest land territory of the world and were expected to play an important role in
after–war arrangements. This negative attitude of the USSR was perhaps a sign of the "cold–war"
mistrust and isolation and that the secretive USSR was not ready to open its air space to
international cooperation. The official reason given for the non–participation though was that among
the nations taking part in the conference, there were some countries like Switzerland, Spain, and
Portugal which for a number of years have carried on a hostile policy towards the Soviet Union. 3.
Outcomes of the Convention The atmosphere of the conference was one of uncertainty and some
anxiety, which was felt by all delegations towards the attempts of the US to impose its

The World Trade Center Tragedy
After the Deregulation Act of 1978 in the United States, the airline industry was forced to adapt to
the rapidly changing environment (Goetz & Vowles, 2009). At the time, the nominally regulated air
transporting environment permitted the airlines to begin services on any desired route, giving them a
great deal of liberty in the market. Although things were going well for those involved in the
aviation industry, several factors began to have a negative impact on the industry. For instance, as
the competition started to escalate, airlines began to take a competitive stance against one another,
fighting for their share of the market. Moreover, the World Trade Center tragedy in 2001 had an
adverse impact on the entire airline industry (Coy, 2005). Adding to the predicament, the recent
financial crisis of 2008 and the current inflation in fuel prices have caused the US airline industry to
regroup the fleet formation, making it the most competitive airline industry in the world (Ryerson &
Kim, 2014). The whole airline industry now found itself struggling to survive.
In order to provide the best quality of the air transport services while competing against other
airlines in the US and other countries, the airlines had to develop a variety of strategies. The fleet
planning is a significant part of airlines' survival strategies designed to optimize the flight operation
that maximizes the revenue. Therefore, when an airline fleet is informed by an optimized fleet
planning

The Impact Of Service Quality Of Indigo Airlines
Introduction
This report seeks to recommend practical strategies on how to improve service productivity, without
neglecting service quality of Indigo Airlines.
Indigo is a budget airline company headquartered at Gurgaon, India (commenced operations from
15 August 2006), specialising in domestic flights. It is the fastest growing and largest airline in India
with a market share of 37.8% as of April 2015. The airline offers about 650 daily flights connecting
to 38 destinations which includes 5 international destinations with its primary hub at Indira Gandhi
International Airport, New Delhi. It presently operates am airline fleet of 96 aircraft belonging to the
Airbus A320 family.
For an airline transport company based in India, customers ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There are two main aspects that describe and affect both service quality; the actual service
customers expected (expected service) and services perceived (perceived service). Fitzsimmons &
Fitzsimmons (2001) explains that the creation of customer satisfaction for a service can be identified
through a comparison between service perceptions with service expectation, see Figure 1.
Methods
Focus on utilizing secondary airports and older terminals should reduce airport fees and also up to a
certain point it is possible to avoid head–on competition with or any of the high end airline services.
This will enable less congested airports, reduce average flight times and delay incidents.
Consequently Indigo will start to attract business travellers who value punctuality and frequency.
Other important features that can be added include innovative boarding processes that yield shorter
ground waits are
Reduce and monitor air freights – Since these airlines are frequent flyers reducing the load on the
aircraft. It would also improve the flying experience, especially through

Contribution Of The Aviation Industry On The Uk Economy
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Impact of Trade
2.1 International Trade
2.2 Overall Trade
3. Impact of Tourism
4. Impact of Employment
5. Impact of Tax
6. Conclusion
Contribution of the aviation industry to the UK Economy
1. Introduction
This explosion provides research of how the UK Economy contributes to the Aviation industry in
various way with the standard points and innovation – have impacted on UK economic growth
through the Aviation industry. By this report, contribution to UK economy has explained such as
trade, tourism, employment and government tax. This report will pay particular attention in trade
contribution current status, value added contribution details of Tourism impact, direct and ... Show
There was a huge amount of works on the collaboration between trade and transport costs.
Improvements from the trade should be balanced the related transaction costs, in the method of
direct expenses for the transportation service, because of the value associated with the quick option
for transporting goods. Another important locational conclusion influences, mainly for export–
oriented businesses, is closeness to airports with the wide transport.
So international trade is an essential part for the UK economy. Also it has given more strength and
growth to the overall aviation. Global market and business prospects are one of the most important
thing under the trade. Therefore short of the international profession it will be a big lost for UK
economic growth.
For example, UK not only doing trade locally, there is a huge demand for international products in
UK. Manufactured branded Australian TV, famous tasty tea from Asian countries, branded products
are trading from UK to other countries So potentially they are transferring the object domestic and
international vise.

4. Impact of Employment
There is a considerable illustration is there through the employment impact with the aviation
industry to UK economy. It can be seen by two main section to direct

The Bombing Of The Wright Brothers
The First two names that come to mind when it comes to aviation are Wilburn and Orville; the
Wright brothers; Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, when the Wright brothers made the first heavier–
than–air, machine powered flight which lasted 12 seconds. Before those guys, many studies by
brilliant minds, such as De Rozier, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Christiaan Huygens and Isaac
Newton has been set in place which lead to this 12 second flight by the Wright brothers in 1903. It
was the matter of time after the first powered aircraft when the development of the first practical
airplane in 1905 and launched worldwide efforts to build better flying machines. As a result, the
early 20th century witnessed myriad aviation developments as new planes and technologies entered
service. (FAA, 2015). With this new method of transportation booming and every nation around
globe part taking in it, comes the concern of safety and organize operations. Every second, minute,
hour of every day, an aircraft takes off somewhere around the world. Each flight, all with different
operational purposes, destination, have one thing in common. They are all handled by different
people in the same way; both on the ground and in flight. The organization responsible for setting
these standards and procedures; the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) which is a part
of the United Nations Organization. The rapid development of aviation during World War II called
for the need for an

Origin, Objectives and Achievements
Introduction:
Civil aviation is a powerful force for progress in our modern global society. It creates and supports
millions of jobs worldwide. It forms part of the economic lifeline of many countries. It is a catalyst
for travel and tourism, the world's largest industry. Beyond economics, air transport enriches the
social and cultural fabric of society and contributes to the attainment of peace and prosperity
throughout the world. Therefore, providing a cohesive, global form of organization for such
activities is essential in ensuring their quality, stability and effectiveness.
The International Civil Aviation Organization:
I– Definition:
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To secure international co–operation and a highest possible degree of uniformity in regulations and
standards, procedures and organization regarding civil aviation matters.
2. To ensure the safety and orderly development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics.
3. To provide a forum whereby requirements and procedures in need of standardization may be
introduced, studied and resolved.
Strategic Objectives for 2005–210:
1. Enhance global civil aviation Safety
2. Enhance global aviation security
3. Minimize the adverse effect of global civil aviation on the environment
4. Enhance the efficiency of aviation operations
5. Maintain the continuity of aviation operations
6. Strengthen law governing international civil aviation
IV– Achievements:
The efforts of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have contributed to making air
travel the safest mode of transportation, with the continuous strong growth of airline traffic. In 1947,
when nine million traveled, 590 were killed in aircraft accidents; in 1993 the number of deaths was
936 out of the 1.2 billion airline passengers.
Case Study: Lebanon

Previous Lebanese Prime Minister visits ICAO Headquarters in Canada
In 1997, ex–Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri visited ICAO Headquarters while on an official visit to
Canada. He met with senior officials of the organization following a tour of the new headquarters
and conference centre.
This visit, which

civil aviation
CONFIDENTIAL EXPERT REPORT Research Study of the Civil Aviation Sector in India
SUBMITTED TO: The Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Govt. of India, India SUBMITTED BY:
Nathan Economic Consulting India Pvt. Ltd., India www.nathaninc.com January 24, 2012
CONFIDENTIAL Table of contents 1. Executive Summary
................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Introduction
.............................................................................................................................................. 7 3.
Market Structure and Competition Issues ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regulations that limit the number and range of suppliers; b. Limit the suppliers' ability to compete;
c. Reduce the incentive of the suppliers to compete; d. Affect investment. This report also compares
India's current regulatory framework with pre– and postderegulation of the United States of America
and Brazil, as models of potential sector growth and future reform. Furthermore, the report also
presents regulatory solutions of the European Union, UK, and Australia as alternative models. The
report offers policy recommendations that will minimize and, in some cases eliminate, certain
prevailing barriers to competition. 1However, a thorough analysis of procurement procedures
requires a separate report exclusively dedicated to these specific regulations and their effect on
competition of service and equipment. 1 CONFIDENTIAL This report identified a number of
rules and regulations which according to our evaluation parameters inhibit competition within
India's civil aviation sector. In the next few pages, this report will briefly list the regulation, its
competitive implications and recommendation. Sections beyond this executive summary will
address each issue in more detail. Civil Aviation Requirement (CAR) Section 3, Series C, Part II sets
out fleet and capital

Legal Landscape Of Air Charter Transportation
CHAPTER–2
LEGAL LANDSCAPE OF AIR CHARTER TRANSPORTATION
The air transportation services in India are controlled by Directorate General of Civil Aviation
(hereinafter "DGCA"), operating under the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MCA). According to Rule
134 of the Aircraft Rules, 1937, the DGCA is empowered to grant permission to individuals to
operate an air transport service to, within and from India. The rules promulgated by DGCA for
issuance of permits for air transport services are ensconced within Non–Scheduled Air Transport
Services (Charter Operation) (Civil Aviation Requirements Section 3 Series 'C ' Part V). In order to
procure this license, the airlines have s to fulfill certain requirements pertaining to minimum
airworthiness and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Circular dated 6 October 2008, No 12 of 2008, contains general requirements, minimum notice
periods, procedures for applications, special provisions such as long stays for aircraft, non–ICAO
flights, air–dropping and non–ITP passenger flights, provisions for changes in flight clearance,
landing at defence airfields, etc. ITP charter flights remain under regulations covered by an earlier
AIC. The Circular sets out the application procedure, the conditions for operation of ITP charter
flights (including a provision for the DGCA to impose additional conditions) and the applicable
'safeguards and penalties ' (ie, applicable penalties for non–compliance) .
In recent times, the government has made various attempts to make general aviation viable and to
reassess the rules governing air charter operators in India. Recently, the Directorate General of Civil
Aviation considered a proposal allowing air charter firms to convert to scheduled operators to fly on
hitherto–uncommon routes in an aim to improve air connectivity.
Nevertheless, the past five years have also seen several controversial legal developments in the field

External Factors Affecting The Chinese Airlines Industry
EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT CHINAAIRLINES INDUSTRY
Gong Liting (Jacqtin)
With the development of the society, the level of people living standard has improved a lot. Airplane
becomes a popular transportation in recent years. No matter travel or business, more and more
people chose airplane to travel which is due to its time–saving and security. Therefore, more and
more airline companies have come out. Under the fierce competition with the domestic and
international airlines market, China Airlines has to be competitive in order to stay at the leading
position. An analysis of these factors of China Airlines industry is essential to the strategic
management and implementation of the project. The positive and negative effect on the projects ...
China has a large and young population. It not only created many opportunities for airlines to attract
customers but also provided cheap man power. Beside that, airlines industry has concern about
social characteristic of enterprise as researching the market. The social factors will divide the
community into groups of customers depend on the average life expectancy, health status, eating
habit, average income, lifestyle, knowledge, psychology and living conditions. That way China
Airlines can offer customers the best quality services. Along with the growth of economy, culture
also changes accordingly with morden life. To those who have high or even average income and
care more about saving time, aviation transport is the right choice. Meanwhile, in recent year, China
is considered safe country and is one of the top acttactive destinations in the world that has made the
number of tourists visit China increasing, especially tourists from Asia, Europe and America (China
inbound tourism in 2015, 2015). Tourism development led to increased aviation revenue. One more
aspect of the social factors is that many people have considerd using air transportation as one of the
ways to express and assert themselves which creates favorable condition for airlines industry to
approach the subconsicous and the needs of custumers. It is proven by the fact that China Airlines
had a good result with a

Airline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed
INTRODUCTION
Airline deregulation was the process of removing the government imposed regulations on the entry
of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In
the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed
by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during
Nixon's administration, and carried through Ford administration. The airlines industry was growing
dramatically during 1960s and mid–1970s. Due to the steady increase in air travel, and strict
regulations imposed by the Civil Aeronautics Board, the industry faced three major difficulties– lack
of free and stable market, high ticket prices leading to poor productivity, and rising labor and fuel
costs. Airlines have adopted many new strategies ever since the industry has been deregulated. The
path since the deregulation has been challenging, as the airlines have faced various hurdles such as
terrorism, war, recession, high fuel prices over the years impacting the economic structure of the
United States. These challenges have raised the question concerning whether the deregulation
should be considered or even reversed.
I will start with providing a short history about the deregulation process of the airline industry, in the
next section. The history will assist in understanding the free market that exists today. In the third
section, I will explain the key factors behind

How Does The Government Affect The Airline Industry
One of the world's most competitive and prominent industries is the airlines industry. It generates
huge amounts of income as well as employment each year. Some of the common names in US air
travel service providers are Alaska, Northwest, Southwest, US airways, American etc.
According to the latest statistics given by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the
airline sector will post a profit of $9 billion in 2011. After the recent credit crunch, economies are
now coming back to normal, business travel is increasing and investments in the airlines are now
rising.
Political/Legal influences
Privatization
Over the years airlines have undergone large–scale privatization; previously a significant portion of
airlines ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Government policies
Fiscal policies of the government can have significant impact on the industry's performance.
Governments generally impose high taxes on airline industry, which is passed on to the customers in
the form of higher air fares, alternatively airlines reduce the number of staff is cut down costs. An
example is United Kingdom, when the UK government imposed high taxes on the aviation industry,
the number of cargo operators reduced sharply in order to reduce costs (My–Efficient–Planet, 2010).
On the other hand governments support aviation industry by building airports, roads and hotels near
airports, because they recognize this industry as an important ingredient for economic well–being.
In addition governments arrange security at the airports to ensure safe journey. The terrorist attacks
of September 11, 2001 have had negative implications for the industry. Over the years, all the
airlines have changed their routes, marketing tactics and prices; they are also making an effort to
reduce the fear and negative image associated with air–planes. Governments have imposed strict
security checks on air travel passengers in order to avoid any unforeseen terrorist activity.
Economic forces
GDP
The growth of airline industry in any country is directly proportional to its GDP growth; the greater
the business activity, the more air travel and the higher the GDP of the country. The demand

How the Aviation Industry Is Affected by the Economy
Airports are vital international resources. They play a key role in transportation of people and goods.
And in regional, national and international commerce. They are where the nation's aviation system
connects with other modes of transportation and where federal responsibility for managing and
regulating air traffic operation meet with the role of state and local governments that own and
operate most airports. This paper reviews how oil prices affect the airline economy and views the
extent to which the economies and developing countries remain vulnerable to a long period of
higher oil prices. I have chosen this topic because the airline industry in the economy of any country
plays a very important role. Today's airlines face ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fuel price increases have a negative impact on airlines because even in good time fuel costs account
for roughly 10–12% of our operating expense. Every penny increase in the price of jet fuel costs the
airline industry $180 million a year. In the absence of pricing power – the ability to pass these costs
along in the form of higher airfares – these increases come right off the bottom line. An even more
hurtful aspect of the fuel price increase is the relationship between the economy and air travel. The
link between fuel prices and the health of the economy is clear. Three of the major recessions of the
past thirty years can, in large measure, be attributed to the steep increases in fuel prices that
accompanied the 1973 Middle East oil embargo, the 1980 Iran Crisis, and the1990–91 Gulf War.
The airline industry is undeniably tied to the overall economy – even minor recessions result in
reduced demand and increased sensitivity to prices for leisure as well as business travelers. Past fuel
spikes and attendant recessions have brought about widespread hardship in the airline industry. As
analysis shows, airline profitability suffers as a direct consequence of a weakening economy. During
the first Gulf War, almost half of the major airlines filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the
Bankruptcy Code,

Use Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ( Uav )
Written Report 1
Engineering Management 1
ENGE600
Semester 2, 2016
Justine Amador
1252425
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 Benefits of Using Drones 2
3.0 Concerns Associated with Using Drones 3
3.1 Organisational Structure 3
3.1.1 Customer Outcomes 3
3.1.2 Capable and engaged people 4
3.1.3 A strong collaborative approach 4
3.2 Safety, Security and Privacy 4
3.4 Airspace Interference 6
4.0 Conclusion 6
5.0 References 8 1.0 Introduction
For the past few years, the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as drone, has
grown quickly. Originally, drones were developed for military applications and now it is
significantly important in the technology field and society. There are certain proposals and public

interest in using drones for food and package delivery (Elzweig, 2015). This indicates that drones
have diversified from military use to consumer use, becoming a part of everyday life. However,
there are several concerns associated with implementing delivery drones, this includes
organisational structure, safety and security, privacy and airspace interference (Doa, Gopi, &
Maione, 2016). This report's objectives are:
To discuss the use of drones in the future for delivery in New Zealand.
To identify the benefits of using drones.
To address potential concerns associated with using drones.
To discuss how to mitigate these concerns through application of management function, planning.
2.0 Benefits of Using Drones
Current and

The Factors That Influnce Airline Industry
Introduction
In recent years, affected by natural disasters, emergencies, oil price volatility, the international
financial crisis and other factors, especially the oil price, that is the most major factor of the airline
cost, and still increasing, made the airline industry's production decline shaply.
The main source of profit for the airline industry are passenger and cargo revenue primarily, in
addition, the fuel surcharges and exchange gains constitute the major part of its profits. According to
these factors, airline companies will make a expection development whether they can benefit or loss,
and they will expect how much they will benefit or loss. However, the question that over the past 10
years, airline has lost $50bn, but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, further savings plan is essential. Any total over 75 thousand rupees (about 10,500 RMB)
monthly employees are required to reduce salaries on the next 12 months; like other companies'
employees, the pilots to accept pay cuts and benefits optimization. The company's senior
management has taken a voluntarily pay cut of 25% from December 2008.
4. Exchange rate
Exchange rates influnce on airline industry by many ways. The exchange rates' change will affect
the passengers flows: If a country's exchange rate increases, it will be decreasing the attract of
travellers who visit inbound, but increased the outbound travel. Overall, the airlines of the country
might gain or lose passengers,. Exchange rates' changes also affect airlines thorough their capital
structure– in which countries they

Case Study Of British Airways
The viability and profitability of an association had dependably been of extraordinary concern to all
business associations and administrators. Numerous variables in hierarchical structure and
framework had been distinguished to assess the proficiency and adequacy of administration
frameworks in associations.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been touted as a successful administration instrument to
fortify the associations' execution through a superior picture in partner's psyche furthermore on
account of their capable conduct toward society and environment (Kotler, & Lee, 2005). In spite of
the fact that CSR has been more pervasive in those associations that are more presented to
environment and are more inclined toward making sullying, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
1.3 Research Objectives
To study corporate social responsibility in aviation industry dimensions, i.e. social, economic, and
environmental aspect
To study the discrepancies between the promoted CSR aspects of the international marketing
strategy of BA and the actual implementation of the strategy
1.4 Research Rationale
The rationale of the study is to understand the ways through which British Airways have been
considering the CSR aspect in its operation. It has been noted by the aviation industry that they must
make certain that they are playing a mature role in protecting the environment, and therefore, the
British Airways Corporation will be studied in this research study. Furthermore, from this study, the
researcher can aim to conduct further studies based on CSR.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The scope of this research study is to understand the importance of corporate social responsibility in
organisational international marketing strategy through the case study of British Airways. The case
study of British Airways will be discussed in detail in order to understand the ways the company is
taking into consideration the corporate social responsibility

Aviation Provides The Sole Worldwide Transportation...
Aviation provides the sole worldwide transportation network that makes it essential for international
business and tourism. It plays a significant role in facilitating economic growth, notably in
developing countries. Flying transports close to two billion travelers per annum and four–hundredth
of interregional fares of merchandise (by worth), four–hundredth of international tourists currently
travel by air. The air transportation industry generates a total of twenty nine million jobs globally
(through direct, indirect, induced and catalytic impacts). Aviation's international economic impact
(direct, indirect, induced and catalytic) is calculable at US$ 2,960 billion, comparable to 8 may 1945
of world Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Aviation boasts high occupancy rates of sixty five to seventieth – that is more than double those of
road and rail transportation. Air transportation entirely covers its infrastructure prices. In contrast to
road and rail, it is a net contributor to national treasuries through taxation. Modern craft achieve fuel
efficiencies of three.5 liters per one hundred passenger–km or sixty seven passenger–miles per US
gallon. The next generation craft (A380 & B787) are targeting a potency of less than three liters
per one hundred passenger–km or seventy eight passenger–miles per US gallon5, which exceeds the
efficiency of any modern automobile on the market.
The air transportation industry includes those activities that are directly captivated with

Airport Essay
Table of Contents
List of Figures iv
List of Table iv
List of Abbreviations v
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Airport 1
1.2 Research objectives 1
1.3 Method 2
2 Literature review 2
2.1 Economic Importance of Airport 2
2.1.1 Definitions & Methodologies: 3
2.2 Aeronautical Noise: 5
3 Operational Restrictions as a solution 7
4 Economic Impacts of the Operation Restrictions 8
4.1 Economic Impact on Airports: 8
4.2 Economic Impact on Airlines: 8
5 Measuring the Economic Impact of Operation Restrictions 9
5.1 Air Traffic 9
5.2 Demand 9
5.3 Capacity of the Aeronautical Infrastructure 10
5.4 Staff Adjustments 11
5.5 Airlines route planning 11
5.6 Employment generated off the airport site 11
5.7 Aeronautical and non–aeronautical revenue 11
6 Economic Impacts on Indian Aviation and Airlines due to Night Flight Operation Restrictions 12
6.1 Restriction on Night Operations of Chapter 2 Aircraft: 13
7 Appendix 15
8 Conclusion 16
9 References 17
List of Figures
Figure 1 : Key factors in economic impact caused by airports (Torvonin, 2005) 2
Figure 2 : Key impacts caused by airport and aviation activities ( UK, 2011) 5
Figure 3: Direct Impact of Delhi Airport 13

Figure 4 – Delhi Airport contribution to National and Regional Economics 14
Figure 5 : Air Cargo growth and its impact on GDP growth in India Source: NCAER,2012 14
List of Table
Table 1 : Noise Levels (IGI, 2001) 6
Table 2 : Permissible Noise levels at Indian Airports ( IGI, 2001) 6
List of Abbreviations

Taking a Look at Embraer
1. Perform a brief SWOT analysis of Embraer.
A SWOT analysis is a structured planning method used in order to evaluate the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in a project as well as in a business venture.
Strength (S)
The Embraer was created in1969 by a military government. It hold several strengths in manners that
it strategically placed as well as being advantageous in having smaller and less costly jets, not
forgotten their structure of production that plays a role in being competitively advantageous. It was
located in San Jose dos Campos in Sao Paulo or simply known as "Technology Valley", consisting
of industrial cluster in aerospace telecommunication, auto mobile and petroleum sector. It was what
that gave Embraer distinctive competency areas to run their R&D, design, product development,
system integration, and assembly as well as technical assistance in aircraft manufacturing.
Aside from having a strategic place, Embraer holds a competitive advantage by having jets which
are smaller in size and are less costly. By introducing a 35–seat ERJ 135 and 50–seat ERJ 145,
Embraer was able to meet increasing demand for jets that replaces their turboprop model. The
production structure is also one of the mentioned strengths. Their network consists of three levels by
which risk partners or strategic partners at the first level carries most innovation and risk endeavors
and operate based on a long term contract. The second level is their

My Life : The Best Path In Life
When a child is born, its family raises it in hope for him to become successful. Inevitably time
remains slow, yet it is constant. Thanks be to God that we wake up every morning knowing that we
can rely on its consistency to creep on us as children grow older. A mother's dream, with three
children, is for the last child to live happily and a father's is for his children to be cautious of the
threats the world has within. But as a result of the values and characteristic that the child has
developed, he chose his own path in life. He chose to become a pilot. When he reached high school,
he learned that the best way to earn your career is to obtain a degree that certifies you in your
profession. That is when he decided to attend Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University. There he
wants to major in Aeronautical Science and someday earn his way to his own 747.
I grew up in Fort Washington Maryland. Every Morning I woke up to the sound of an aircraft on
final approach to Reagan National Airport. Unknowingly, that is where my passion for aviation was
born. Yet, at such a young age, I did not realize that. One day, my father took me to the annual air
show at Andrew Air Force Base. I was about 10 years old and I believe that that day was when I
realized my passion. Time kept progressing and before I knew it, I was a senior in high school,
trying to figure out what my plan was going to be. Then I met Colonel Drew, a former graduate from
Embry–Riddle and a International Space Station

The Threat Of Terrorist Groups Place High Value
There is substantial evidence which supports the idea that terrorist groups place high value is using
shoulder–fire MANPAD weapon systems to destroy civilian jet aircraft. Successfully attacking a
civilian plane not only poses a great economic threat by effectively shutting down the commercial
aviation industry, it would also create a loss of confidence in the United States ability to defend
itself which, in of itself, holds great symbolic value. While the previous post examined mitigation
strategies centered around the aircraft, this post examines potential strategies that may be used to
minimize the threat from the ground, or more specifically, the airport. While no one strategy offers
the ability to completely eliminate the threat, there is existing literature which offers potential
strategies through a multi–layered approach.
Designing any sort of counter–MANPAD strategy will likely cost a great amount of money, and
airport planners will have to convince stakeholders the potential risk of a MANPAD incident. A
coordinated or well planned attack which results in catastrophic loss of life and aircraft(s) would
likely have cascading affects throughout the aviation industry, significantly effecting commerce and
travel. It must therefore be understood that any front end investment, in millions, could likely insure
continued daily operations in the event of a planned attack and preserve billions in potentially lost
revenue on the back end.
Any defensive measure built

The Bombing Of The Wright Brothers
The First two names that comes to mind when it comes to aviation are Wilburn and Orville; the
wright brothers; Kitty Hawk North Carolina, when the Wright brothers made the first heavier–than–
air, machine powered flight which lasted 12 seconds. Before those guys, many studies by brilliant
minds, such as De Rozier, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Christiaan Huygens and Isaac Newton
has been set in place which lead to this 12 second flight by the wright brothers in 1903. It was the
matter of time after the first power aircraft when the development of the first practical airplane in
1905 and launched worldwide efforts to build better flying machines. As a result, the early 20th
century witnessed myriad aviation developments as new planes and technologies entered service.
(FAA, 2015). With this new method of transportation booming and every nation around globe part
taking in it, comes the concern of safety and organize operations. Every second, minute, hour of
every day, an aircraft takes off somewhere around the world. Each flight, all with different
operational purposes, destination, have one thing in common. They are all handle by different
people in the same way; both on the ground and in flight. The organization responsible for setting
these standards and procedures; the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) which is a part
of the United Nations Organization. The rapid development of aviation during World War II called
for the need for an

Office Of The Secretary Of Transportation
Organization Structure
Office of the Secretary
Leadership of the Department of transportation is provided by the Secretary of Transportation, who
is the chief advisor to the president in all matters relating to federal transportation programs. The
secretary is assisted by the Deputy Secretary in this role. This office manages the formulation of
national transportation policy and helps promote intermodal transportation. This office also
negotiates and implements international transportation agreements, assures the fitness of US
airlines, issues regulations preventing alcohol and illegal drug misuse in transportation systems and
also preparing transportation legislations.
Director/ Deputy Director
Serves as the Department's Emergency coordinator providing leadership for all Departmental civil
transportation intelligence, security policy, emergency preparedness, response and recovery
activities and those of federal transportation's operating and support agencies. They also provide
effective management and direction of the office of intelligence, security and emergency response
staff in performance of the pragmatic functional areas of responsibility.
Intelligence Division
The intelligence Division is accountable for providing all source intelligence products to the
Secretary of Transportation and his/her principal staff. It also ensures that the Department of
Administration administrators are acquainted with current developments and long range trends in
international terrorism,

Air Commerce Act Of 1926 Research Paper
The Air Mail Acy of 1925 (Kelly Act)
Before aircraft, long distance movement of mail was the domain of the railroads. As the use of
aircraft in the transportation of mail started to increase, the railroads began to worry about their
longstanding government contracts, and how aviation would infringe upon them. Using airplanes
was extremely cost effective, and their use could not be denied. In order to appease both sides the
Postmaster, Harry S. New, and Congressman, Clyde Kelly, collaborated to create a legislative bill in
1925 that increased the use of aircraft but made the airline companies pay for it by requiring the use
of larger airplanes that could transport passengers in addition to the mail. Ten company's bids for the
12 contract airmail (CAM) routes established throughout the United States. These companies
included, Colonial Air Transport founded by Juan Trippe, whom later founded Pan American
Airways, Robertson Aircraft Corporation the forerunner to American Airlines, National Air
Transport that later became United Airlines, and several others that would become well–known
airlines of today. Many improvements to aircraft design were a result of this bill, these
improvements led to better engines, better cargo capacity, and overall more reliable aircraft. ... Show
The act purpose was to promote the use of air commerce by establishing:
1. Safety requirements and

Australian Aviation Regulations Essay
1. Introduction The Australian Aviation Regulations have a long history since 1920. The aviation
regulator have the mission to create a safer airspace in Australia. The regulations and act nowadays
are more mature compared to the old days as the aviation regulator always keep up to date, review
and make amendment for the regulations and act. All these effort of the aviation regulator makes the
aviation safety in Australia reach to a higher standard.
2. History
After World War 1, there is a lot of skilled pilots and aircraft is imported back to Australia. At that
time, there was no regulations restricting the aviation industry and people fly aircraft whenever they
want. This situation maintained until 1920 when the Australia Government established the Air
Navigation Act 1920 and was approved by the Parliament. This Act was established by the Australia
Government to response to the International Convention for the Regulation of Aerial Navigation
which was held in Paris in October 1919 [1]. On 28 March 1921, the Air Navigation Act 1920 came
into force and the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of Defence was established to supervise
the Act and Regulation. The Civil Aviation Branch have a rapid growth after it was established and
this lead to two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, these regulations also act as a standard for the aviation regulators to issue certificates,
licences, registrations and permits that is related to the aviation industry. This is to ensure that the
particular holder meets the safety requirement in all the aspect that is included in the regulations and
hence, making the airspace safer. To maintain high standard of aviation safety, safety education and
training programs should be provided by the aviation regulators

The Sociology Of A Commercial Airline Pilot Essay

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