The Journey Home: The Story of Apollo 13

The Journey Of Sick Bay
After the events in sick bay, the crew was happy to settle down and continue the trek home; they
were several hours away. Marybeth had Elle check the rest of the systems to make sure nothing else
was going to happen, thankfully, everything was good. Marybeth returned to the bridge and relieved
Terry and told him to go back to bed and that hopefully they would be home by the time he woke
up. Terry smiled and told her that would be great, he felt like he could sleep for days. He headed out
of the bridge and to his quarters, he laid down and was asleep before he knew it. The hours passed
quickly, most of the crew was asleep, Marybeth had given everyone the time off, she knew as soon
as they were back at Area Eagle there would be lots ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Please expand upon that." Marybeth spent the next thirty minutes explaining to mission control what
happened on Nova, which of course led to more questions regarding aliens in general. She cut them
off quite often to get them to refocus on the original question. She finally got to what happened to
Dr. Lee, his wound from the bolt pistol on Nova to the infection. She described Dr. Lee's
metamorphosis into only God knew what, and then its killing by the PJ's and the remains being
jettisoned off the ship. When she finished there was no response from mission control, "That's a
summary mission control, anything else?" There was still silence on the other end, it last for at least
five minutes, "Mission control we are entering Earth's atmosphere, we should be on the ground at
Area Eagle in thirty minutes." Another five minutes passed with no word from mission control,
finally, "Gettysburg we're redirecting you to Kennedy." This caught Marybeth by surprise. "Mission
control, why?" "Gettysburg, for mission debrief." "Roger, Mission control." Marybeth knew the
entire crew would be disappointed; they were looking for some R&R from a tough mission. "Elle,
would you please make course corrections to take us to Kennedy Space Center?" "Yes Colonel, I've
made them as requested." "Thank you, Elle." "We should be landing in twenty minutes Colonel."
Marybeth got onto the ships communications systems, "Listen up! We've been ordered to Kennedy
Space
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster Essay
1.0 Introduction
Seventy three seconds into its 10th flight, on January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger broke
apart over the Atlantic Ocean, killing the seven crew members on board [1]. The Challenger was the
second space shuttle constructed by NASA and had completed nine successful missions prior to the
disaster. Following the accident, the shuttle program was suspended for 32 months as President
Ronald Regan appointed a Commission, chaired by William P. Rogers and known as the Rogers
Commission, to investigate the cause of the accident [1].
The analysis in this report will include a summary of the sequence of events leading up to the
disaster, analysis of the professional ethical behaviours and responsibilities that were ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the time, NASA's goal was two reach two launches per month, a goal that well exceeded the
budget and training facilities available [2].
The night before the launch, a teleconference between Thiokol and NASA was held to address the
concerns regarding the performance of the SRB O–ring seal in cold weather. Thiokol recommended
that the launch be postponed since there was no data available for temperatures below 53°F [2].
After internal discussions in the Thiokol group, senior management eventually endorsed the launch,
recommending it to proceed, reversing their original decision [2]. Rockwell, the shuttle's primary
contractor, did not support the launch due to the possibility of ice leaving the structure and
damaging the thermal shield tiles during takeoff. Their concerns were relayed to NASA, but in such
a way that NASA chose to proceed with the launch [2]. Though this was eventually determined to be
a non–issue in the Challenger launch, the true nature of the problems that can occur when an object
strikes the shuttle during takeoff would not be learned until 2003, when the space shuttle Columbia
disintegrated on re–entry due to damage of a heat shield tile that occurred during takeoff [2]––[3].
Despite the concerns raised, the Challenger was launched on January 28, 1986 [4]. Seventy three
seconds after takeoff, the shuttle broke apart after the O–ring seal failed causing

CASE NASA Essay
Case: NASA
Davenport University
Due: November 5, 2013
Introduction
The end of the space shuttle program has brought a great loss to NASA and the employee at the
Kennedy Space Center. This loss not only effect the direct employees but have also effect the
contractors at Alliant Techsystem, whom was task with much of the construction of the Ares rocket
that would catapult the Orion capsule and known as one of the most established supplier for NASA.
As the space shuttle program come to an end, ATK started collecting data from employee's departure
(turnover) to create a model that calculate the possibility of the turnover rate. As indicated in the
textbook, "Organization Behavior" – "It is the worst scenario for a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Flight Risk Models
The flight risk model is used to predict a turnover rate and prevent an employee from leaving before
it happens. These models takes to account the employee's age and tenure, marital status, the
criticality of his or her job role, linkages to other "flight risk" employees, changes in benefit–related
issues, and seasonality. (Organizational Behavior, 2013, p. 62) As ATK have used several flight risk
models to stop the most serious form of physical withdrawal, quitting, the one factor that I feel is
most important is being able to prepare for a life situation that can cause a turnover to happen. For
example, boosting the employee's commitment can prevent quitting from happening. This can be
done by creating affective commitment, continuance commitment, normative commitment and focus
of commitment which gives reasons for employees to stay within the company. I feel that the least
important is the workforce metrics because this doesn't really contribute to the employees within the
organizations. As an employee, acknowledgement and rewards are important factors to keep an
employee within the company. Turnover rate can be essentially high if management fails to
recognize this.
Manage issues with turn over
Turnover for NASA or ATK employees are well aware from the ending of the space shuttle program.
This gives management time to look into prevention, as well as preparing for turnover. Data gather
for the prediction of the turnover can

Essay On Challenger Explosion
The 1980s were a devastating and thrilling time in history. Michael Jordan influenced this decade
and many after. The Challenger explosion changed space travel forever. These historical events
affect society today, and will continue to do so throughout history.
January 28, 1986 was meant to be a day of joy and happiness, but turned into one of the most
devastating events in history. The Challenger's lift off was scheduled for January 22nd at Kennedy
Space Center (Cape Canaveral, Florida), but was delayed mainly because of weather conditions. It
was delayed for several days until January 28th. The weather conditions were still miserable, but
NASA only detained it two additional hours. The crew was patiently waiting for departure. Sharon
Christa McAuliffe was going to be the first teacher in space. Ellison S. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This also shows how the Olympics changed in the United States. In 1980, 62 nations boycotted the
Olympic games in Moscow. The reason responsible for this was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
In the 1984 Olympics, the United States beat Spain in the finals 96 to 65, finishing with a gold
medal. Also in 1992, Jordan helped the United States bring home the gold medal from Barcelona,
Spain. One out of many of Michael Jordan's nicknames was Air Jordan. This was because he had the
best dunks! He was in the air for longer than any other player. Michael won two Slam Dunk
Competitions in a row. This made him have some of the best dunks in NBA history. Air Jordan is
also a sneaker line named after this legend. Jordan was fined $5,000 each game, by David Stern, the
NBA Commissioner, for wearing Nike Air Jordan's. Michael didn't care because Nike paid for this
fine. Eventually, Stern gave up on fining Michael and Air Jordan's became one of the most popular
basketball sneakers. By the end of Michael Jordan's career, he won 6 champions and 5 MVP awards.
He averages 30.1 points per game for a total of 32, 292

Apollo John F. Kennedy Space Center
Apollo 13
Where Apollo 13 took place and launched, was at the complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. It
happened at 2:13 p.m. EST, April 11, 1970. What had caused it to orbit the moon and come back,
was a ciple in the oxygen tank. One thing that happened was on the Apollo 13 spacecraft, a oxygen
tank was crippled and they had to orbit the moon and return home. The main event was that for the
third time, they successfully lifted off once more, just to run into a problem with the oxygen tank.
The people involved (meaning on the Apollo 13) were: Fred Haise, Jack Swigert, and Jim Lovell. It
kind of ties in with Apollo 11 because they both went to the moon but, Apollo 11 was made up to
beat the Soviet Union in the Space Race by John F. Kennedy. Apollo 13 ties in with the three theme
words, Exploration, Encounter, Exchange in these three different ways: Exploration, they explored
outer space and learned many new things about plants, if anything grows on the planets, if anything
lived there they didn 't know about, etc. Encounter, they encounter many new materials (plastic is
one of those things). They had encounter a cripple and the oxygen tank that happened on the Apollo
13. Exchange, they exchanged ideas about what to do about the cripple of the one of the oxygen
tank. They were trying to exchange communication on how they were doing in space. A fun fact
about Apollo 13 is that it is the seventh manned mission in the American Apollo Space Program.
Shortly after the

Normalization Of Deviance And The Space Administration
Normalization of Deviance
"Failure is the opportunity to begin again more intelligently." (Ford) The National Aeronautics and
Space Administration has had its fair share of catastrophic disasters. The Apollo 1 Fire was said to
be a "preventable failure by NASA". (Dhar) Though shortly after, the Apollo 13 intendent was just a
near miss of a great disaster. Then to sum the failures, it would take the lives of 14 astronauts for a
course of action to be considered. Thus what do all these disasters have in common with the theory
of "Normalization of Deviance"?
Apollo 1 was to be the first test flight of the "Apollo/Saturn space vehicle being prepared for the
first piloted flight, the AS–204 mission." (Garber) There were three primary ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
(Garber) This caused a spark that would ignite the vehicle; but all materials in the cabin of the
module were said to be fire retardant. The Velcro straps in the module continued to burn, thus badly
burning the bodies of the astronauts; as well as the inward opening hatch that prevented a quick
(Teitel)rescue of the men. (Dhar) Altogether there was no chance of survival for the men once the
fire had ignited.
When news of the disaster had reached the public, people were shocked. People asked, how could
an organization such of NASA allow this to happen. NASA's later came out with a chilling
response; "All we can say is that we lost the entire crew." (Explosion") This clearly showed that
NASA was never remotely expecting such a disaster. With this the public had taken a major hit to
their pride; the thought of President Kennedy's dream to make it to the Moon was slipping away.
(Explosion") Sixteen orbital flights had taken place without incident, now Russia was on the verge
of making a fool of the United States and the public would not any of it. The Public immediately
demanded that those in control at NASA fix the problem and proceed with the Apollo missions.
The president of NASA at the time James E. Webb wasted no time informing the public of the future
of the organization. He told the public "We 'll go ahead with the space flight program. Although
everyone realized that someday pilots would die, who would have thought the first tragedy would

Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster
Shuttle Challenger Disaster
In March, 1970, President Richard Milhous Nixon "opted for the shuttle–tended space base as a
long–range goal but deferred going ahead with the space station pending development of the shuttle
vehicle" (NASA,1986). Thus the Space Shuttle, which was considered as merely the transport
element of a broad earlier, was reused and became the concentration of NASA's near– term future.
Challenger, as NASA's second orbiter which was put into service after Columbia in Space Shuttle
program, began its maiden flight on April 4th, 1983. It made nine flights in total prior to 1986.
Owing to payload changes, cold weather, and other technical problems, Challenger was rescheduled
continually and finally determined to launch from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the Challenger event of 1986, Orbiter abort capabilities, improvement of these capabilities,
options for crew escape, and the performance of the range safety system became significant
concerns of Commission. The event caused following important shuttle missions to be put on hold
or canceled in a certain period and plunged NASA into a soul–searching. Because investigators of
soul–searching found that NASA had continually ignored serious technical problems, they criticized
that NASA has a "silent safety program" (NASA, 1986). Prior to occurrence of the event, several
safety waivers had been granted or were pending owing to lack of time and funds. After the event,
some of approved safety waivers were required to reconsider. Furthermore, compared to $15.5
billion in fiscal 1986, the budget of NASA increased to approximately $21 billion in 1987 and
continued to trend upward for the next half–decade (NASA, 1986). Even so, Norman Augustine,
who is appointed by the Obama administration to lead a panel to examine plans of NASA, states that
NASA has usually faced a situation that identified goals disconnects with funds that carrying out the
goals since the Challenger event. (NASA, 1986). Because the Challenger accident led to a series of
changes at NASA and drew national attention from the number of flights launched each year to
NASA space shuttle safety system, it played an important role in the history of

Essay Diagnosing the Needs for Change in the Aftermath
The loss of the space shuttle Columbia prompted an investigation to determine the factors that
contributed to the accident. Essential to the investigation was collecting and analyzing data
associated not only with the Columbia accident, but that of the 1987 loss of the space shuttle
Challenger. Evidence from the investigation indicated that lessons learned from the Challenger were
not necessarily applied to the shuttle program and may have been instrumental in the loss of the
Columbia. It was determined that several factors outside of the technical and systemic systems were
associated within the NASA organization and contributed to the loss of the shuttles. Addressed here
are some of the factors that contributed to the tragedies. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This reengineering required a significant overhaul in the manner in which the organization was
structured and likewise, the way that it's units communicated. As outlined in CAIB data, NASA had
understood the requirements of the change in priority but it never changed its view in the manner in
which it would accomplish the new requirement. The deeply rooted can–do culture persisted.
1980's and Beyond By the time the nation moved into the 1980's, the space shuttle was developed
and ready to be launched by early 1981. However, the cost of the shuttle program was significantly
higher than the agency anticipated. This fact, along with culture that NASA retained lent itself to
breakdowns in communication and safety procedures which were its hallmark during the Apollo era.
Plainly stated, the organization realigned itself in a manner that "put the Safety, Reliability and
Quality Assurance offices under the supervision of the very organizations and activities whose
efforts they are to check" (Rogers Commission, Chapter 7, 1986). The presence of multiple
contractors working independently made it nearly impossible to align information that could be
analyzed. These failures in communication and structure were culminated in the tragedy of the
Challenger in 1986. According to the Commission (1986), further contributing to the tragedy was
"as flight rate increased, the (Marshall) safety, reliability and

Descriptive Essay On Celebrity Cruise
Celebrity Cruises are known for its Celebrity Distinction which is, "Extraordinary destinations.
Culinary excellence. Intuitive service. Luxurious accommodations. And stunning design." I was able
to experience their cruises with my mom during the week of August 20 and it lives up to their word.
Our cruise visited three ports of calls: San Juan, Puerto Rico; St. Thomas, U.S.V.I.; and St. Maarten,
all of which are in the eastern Caribbean. Even though these places are so close to each other, their
customs and culture vary dramatically which we got to experience. In San Juan, we embarked on a
city tour to explore the two different sides of San Juan: Old San Juan and New San Juan. We learned
about the early history of the area through a visit to Castillo de San Cristóbal, the largest Spanish
fort in the New World. Its towering site over the city made it the ideal place for protecting the area
and today, for panoramic views of the city and the coast. The other destinations on our tour were
short stops that allowed us a glimpse at notable places in the city. While the tour was interesting,
much of the tour stops seemed like fillers. St. Thomas is famous for its snorkeling and its beaches.
We joined a tour that took us out to two spots: Buck Island and Honeymoon Beach. Buck Island is a
protected area is home to diverse aquatic ecosystems which attracts many visitors to the area. We
visited a section filled with countless Green turtles and the occasional stingray. The

Columbia Space Shuttle Research Paper
Investigation:
In 1972, NASA after several attempts started the Space Shuttle Program for space exploration,
commercial purposes, and national security tasks and it started developing Columbia as one of the
first shuttles in the program. In early of 1981s, Columbia completed its first space mission. On
January 2003, Columbia Space Shuttle was ready for STS–107 mission and its 28th flight. The
mission was to transport two teams of scientists (7 astronauts in total) to conduct over 80
experiments in 16 days with 12–hour shift time.
Day 1
NASA launched Columbia Space Shuttle after long trouble free preparation on January 16th, 2003,
from Kennedy Space Center in Florida (KSC). However, 81.6 seconds later apiece of insulating
foam came off from

Summer Vacation Essay
Summer is a time of fun and the dreaded heat wave. Well, my family and I decided to change the
usual by visiting New York City; there was even an advertisement in the New York Times
newspaper stating that there was a free vacation if you signed up on this website, which was called
TheNewYorkExperience.com. My parents signed the rest of the family up, even if it was suspicious.
Either way, it was finally time for the vacation that we always wanted; only five days were left until
the trip would begin. My mother and father disputed which method of transport that we were going
to take to get there. They argued between taking a flight or driving the family car the entire night.
But all of a sudden during the middle of the argument, the same website from before sent an email
to my father's phone stating that there are flights free of charge for people who had signed up. My
father was in a state of happiness knowing that this trip was going to be very exciting. Now, we
were going to fly in only two days. Finally, it was the day of the trip that we have all been waiting
for. We packed our luggage and drove to the airport where, not surprisingly, there was a long line of
others who saw the advert in the newspaper. We boarded the plane at 10:50 A.M. and flew out at
11:30 A.M. I was the most excited for this trip where I planned to go to Times Square, Bryant Park,
and explore Coney Island. Then, all of a sudden, the pilot said, "We're sorry for any inconvenience,
but we have to

Group Think Essay
Group Think
This type of dysfunctional operation of an organization has many ways and opportunities for failure.
The basic fundamentals of this process are the beginnings of failure as groups seek conformity and
unity they sacrifice everything in order to maintain peace within the group. Many times this will
take the individuals creative thoughts and ability to voice the creative edge thinking away. In many
organizations this is a process that is continually used. It is perceived that management wants the
organizations operation or process to run without any type of question or waves. Below are listed
eight of the main symptoms of group think as detailed by Janis, I. L & Manns book "Decision
making"
Symptoms of Groupthink are divided ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Decision making is affected by the Group Think because of the lack of openness that should be
displayed and offered by everyone involved. The development of the organization is dependent on
the ability of the group to make decisions that are thought through and not made solely on pressures
and accepted or narrow minded ways that are not thought out.
More specifically, whenever a group making policy displays most of the symptoms of Groupthink
then "we can expect to find that the group also displays symptoms of defective decision–making.
Seven such examples are as Janis states:
1. Incomplete survey of alternatives.
2. Incomplete survey of objectives.
3. Failure to examine risks of preferred choice.
4. Failure to reappraise initially rejected alternative.
5. Poor information search.
6. Selective bias in processing information at hand.
7. Failure to work out contingency plans.
One of the worst Groupthink decisions ever was the decision to launch the Space shuttle Challenger.
"On the morning of January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger blasted off from the Kennedy
Space Center in Florida
Seventy–three seconds after the countdown clock reached zero the Challenger exploded.
Immediately after the explosion President Reagan appointed a commission to find out why the

Challenger exploded. "In a five–volume published report, the presidential commission identified the
primary cause of

Case Study of Challenge Disaster- from a Risk Management...
2.0 INTRODUCTION AND AIMS
Organisations nowadays face various external and internal risks such as strategic risks, operational
risks, financial risk and environmental risks. Managers tend to focus on those risks with greater
uncertainty like natural disasters. However, some risks also bring destructive outcome even they are
predictable and controllable. The inherent risks in the management and control system are among
those on the list. Because they are "built–in" risks of management and control system due to agency
problem and asymmetric information, managers often ignore them or are unaware of their
existences.
The purpose of this report is to provide insight of risk management and control system in the reality
from the cases study of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such concerns, combined with weather–related worries, prompted the Thiokol engineers (headed by
Robert Lund) to conduct a teleconference with managers from the Marshall and Johnson Space
Centres, in order to determine whether the shuttle was safe for launch. This came just one day before
the scheduled launch. In the meeting, Thiokol engineers raised their concerns that the low
temperature may affect the function of O–rings and objected to the decision of launch. The NASA's
managers immediately challenged their conclusion by placing them the burden of proving the O–
ring failure. Under such pressure, the managers of Thiokol overturned their no–go position and
giving NASA recommendation to launch. After all, the meeting was never known to the top leaders
of NASA( see the organisation chart in Appendix 3).
4.0 CASE ANALYSIS
4.1 FLAWED DECISION MAKING PROCESS
The flawed decision–making processes leading to the Challenger launch were a result of ineffective
and inadequate communications. Lacking of moral awareness and failing to consider interests of
various stakeholders were contributory factors to the failure.
A closed communication climate had evolved within NASA, where free flow of information and
creative thinking were generally not encouraged. Such climate was also transferred to its contractor
Thiokol. A year prior to the launch, engineers in Thiokol had expressed their concern on the

The Wright Brothers, The Apollo Moon Mission, And The...
Throughout history, many of mankind 's achievements were great, but few can compare to soaring
up into the sky. From the first functioning plane, to commercial flight, to space travel, people have
been innovating and creating so that one day, we can actually reach the stars. The Wright brothers,
Amelia Earhart, the Boeing 747, the Apollo Moon Mission, and the Challenger Space Shuttle were
all different people, objects , and events that contributed to people being able to get off the ground,
into the air, and even further, into space. The Wright brothers were two men that greatly contributed
to planes and flying today. Orville and Wilbur Wright were two aviation pioneers from America.
With a background in engineering and inventing, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Later in her life, she took lessons to learn how to fly planes. In 1922, she purchased "The Canary".
She set the world record for highest altitude as a female pilot at 14,000 feet. In 1928, Earhart went
across the Atlantic Ocean to England. In 1937, she planned to do a flight around the world. Her first
flight had some issues, so it was canceled. On July 2, 1937, Earhart attempted to fly around the
world again. The flight was successful until it neared the end. Because of radio troubles, the people
on the ground lost contact with the plane. After the plane vanished, several theories sprung up on
what happened to the missing plane, and more importantly, the people on board. To conclude,
Amelia Earhart followed her passion and flew in order to promote flight, inspire others, and to set
records. The Boeing 747, also known as Jumbo Jet, is one of the most prominent and popular
airplanes used in the past, and still flown today. When it was launched commercially in 1970, it was
a public transportation breakthrough. This plane was built to transport mass amounts of people and
cargo. The plane design had a passenger capacity world record for 37 years. With it several designs,
the most recent being the Boeing 747–8F for passengers, the plane is versatile and has been used to
this day, in airports around the world. The Boeing 747 was made by the Boeing company. It was
thought up and

The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
Mustika Wijaya
English 102
Elisabeth Greer
March 26, 2015
Politics over Science On January 28, 1986, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) launched the space shuttle Challenger. The launch was held in Cape Canaveral, Florida, at
the Kennedy Space Center. The Challenger shuttle carried seven crew members, including pilots,
aerospace engineers and a citizen. Unfortunately, after it launched, the space shuttle broke apart and
hit the ocean. The failure of the mission traumatized the whole nation. In fact, millions of people
watched the shocking tragedy on television. This incident saddened the nation, and President Ronald
Reagan appointed some persons from different areas, such as engineers, pilots, politicians and
astronauts, to find the cause of this disaster. Although the investigation revealed that the main reason
for the disaster was because of technical issues. In actuality, the disaster was caused by the decision
to launch, which was driven by political pressures. The focus on political interest over hard science
was the reason for the Challenger disaster.
NASA launched the Challenger on January 28, 1986 in the cold temperature. Challenger was
initially made to be a test vehicle for collecting data, but surprisingly, with modifications and
additional testing, it became a spacecraft. NASA expanded the wings and connected it to external
tank to increase the capacity. The Challenger shuttle carried seven crew members and interestingly,
between the

Barrio Boy Analysis
Obstacles Were Created to be Faced
Many people have different ways to accomplish their goals which depends on their experiences and
struggles in life. They can use these experiences and struggles and turn them into wisdom, and they
become determined to accomplish these goals no matter what obstacles stand in their way. For
example, Ernesto was determined to learn how to be an American, but to never forget that he was
truly a Mexican. The "Apollo 13" crew was determined to fix a problem in their spaceship by using
their knowledge. In both situations, confidence and determination was needed to face challenges,
but with teamwork, they acheived success on these missions.
In the memoir, Barrio Boy written by Ernesto Galarza, the main character, Ernesto, was determined
to learn the American ways, but still keep his Mexican heritage with determination, challenges, and
cooperation. In the very beginning of the story, Ernesto had some challenges that he faced. He was
afraid of what this school would be like. Therefore, in the text, Ernesto says,"I noticed other
differences, none of them very reassuring." There are many different things Ernesto notices about
the school.He points out things such as,"half of the block was occupied by the Lincoln School," and
,"it was a new building ,painted yellow, with a shingled roof that was not ike the red tile of the
school in Mazatlan." These differences made Ernesto nervous. Another struggle Ernesto had at first
was getting used to

Kennedy Space Center: Environmental Analysis
emerging breakwater and armor the beach. While this would certainly protect the beach from further
erosion, it would also disturb the wildlife preservation and the turtle nesting habitat. The next hurdle
that we had to make was finding the correct balance between allowing room for the turtles and other
marine life to migrate uninterrupted and also decrease the wave height enough to slow erosion and
make the breakwater feasible. This is where we arrived at the design dimensions above. With this
design we are able to decrease a 12 foot wave height to a 9 foot wave that is breaking and
dissipating energy before encountering the beach. This design is not ideal but will provide adequate
protection of the beach to decrease the frequency that beach ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Every year thousands of people come to visit and watch rocket launches, this is a huge tourist
attraction and millions of dollars in revenue that would be lost if the launch pads became unusable.
Dredging on Offshore Canaveral Shoals Size of Shoals Located six miles east of Cape Canaveral
exist, CS–I and CS–II, two borrow areas used for beach nourishment projects. Survey data taken, by
2014 FCCE projects, indicates there are approximately 20 million cubic yards of sand available
within the permitted limits of the CS–II borrow area and at least 16 million cubic yards of sand
available within the permitted limits of the CS–I borrow area. This information tells us that there is
more than enough fill available to achieve the projected 2,800,000 CY of material to complete the
nourishment project. Reason Shoals Exist The offshore canaveral shoals exist due to a longshore
drift that runs along the east coast of Florida. The shoals are created by the gulf stream, offshore
ocean current, that deposits sediment approximately 6 miles east of Cape Canaveral, to Canaveral
Shoal I and Canaveral Shoal II. However, Canaveral Shoal II will be the main source of beach

Relocating Orlando's Natives Essay
Undeniably there are thousands of people who live in Orlando, Florida but there is not an abundance
of people who were born here (such as me); some have moved here for various reasons: because of
the weather and great opportunities that we offer. As a native Floridian, I have seen changes in the
community (some good and bad). According to statistics it is considered the 3rd largest city in the
world visited by tourist: our major attractions are Universal Orlando Resort, SeaWorld, and Disney
World (which employs 50,000 people). Undoubtedly Florida receives a large amount of their income
from tourist trade ($973 billion); and depends heavily on these visitors to return year after year to
visit the Sunshine State. When people from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although conventions are held throughout the year, (because of poor economy), many companies
have cancelled their bookings. Because of the centralization of Metro Orlando, it is home of the 7th
largest research park in the country, employs more than 8,500 people, and is the center of the
nation's military simulation and training programs. Changing economy has caused the Naval
Training Center to be closed down and the land was converted into a Development. One major crisis
that Florida is facing is the possible closing of Kennedy Space Center. There are thousands of people
who depend on Kennedy Space Center for their livelihood, and it should be noted that not only is it
important for Space exploration, it will have a major impact on those people who are employed in
nearby businesses. The company interacts with different vendors (near and far away), and depend on
other businesses for their fuel, computers, meals, etc. As a result, if Kennedy is closed down, many
will go under and fail because more often than not it is their main source of income. Another issue
that could be harmful to Florida is the oil spill that is now threatening the Gulf Coast of Florida. Not
only will it impact the Gulf Coast but Florida's Space Coast (Cocoa, Florida) where many fishermen
rely heavily on these waters for their source of income. If this oil spill continues to travel, eventually
it will hit these bodies of water and that will have a very negative effect on everyone. Another

History Of The American Space Program
Wallop's Island, Cape Canaveral, and the History of the American Space Program America's space
program is undoubtedly one of its greatest modern achievements. Few people cannot recall the
famous quote "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," or do not know where it
came from. The story leading up to the moment a man walked on the moon, as well as everything
that came after, is just as interesting and important as the moment itself. The significance of the
history of America's aeronautics programs cannot possibly be overestimated, and their story is one
that is incredibly important to the modern world of today. It would not be the nation that it is, with
the technology it possesses, without its crucial involvement in the "space race". If the technology
that sent a man to the moon did not exist, our daily lives would be impacted and basic tools would
be missing. Beginning with America's first official aeronautics organization, the National Advisory
Committee for Aeronautics (or NACA) and continuing through to the present day and the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (or NASA), the story of America's aerospace programs is
interesting and extremely important. It is a story that spans many years and giant leaps in
technology, and involves important locations like Wallops Flight Facility and Kennedy Space
Center. From the early beginnings of NACA and Wallops, and continuing on to the rise and success
of NASA and Kennedy Space Center, aeronautics

Essay On Challenger Disaster
The Challenger Disaster: Fated Before Liftoff
In 1986 when the space shuttle Challenger launched from Kennedy Space Center people watched in
awe for a little more than a minute before the shuttle exploded in flight. This was the first of only
two major accidents that occurred during over two decades of NASA's shuttle program and many
would consider it to be a fluke that could not have been prevented or predicted. In truth the
Challenger disaster was an accident waiting to happen and was a symptom of systemic problems
that were occurring at NASA during that era. The 1986 space shuttle Challenger disaster was cause
by a number of factors including structural failure of the shuttle, a change in NASA's work
environment from the days of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of the four bids put in to build the booster Aerojet proposed a solid welded case on the grounds that
sealed cases would be safer than segmented cases. (Hunley 268) Morton Thiokol, the company that
actually built the boosters with a segmented case, came in second to last in the bidding but won the
contract for scoring best in the cost category of the evaluation. (Hunley 269) According to J. Hunley
Author of The Development of Propulsion Technology for U.S. Space –Launch Vehicles, "Since
Thiokol had plants in Utah, NASA administrator James C. Fletcher's home state, the decision was
controversial." (Hunley 269)
In addition to controversial bidding practices the solid rocket booster had a design flaw that was
known to be an issue for years before the Challenger's final flight took place. The First flight using
the booster was in 1980. (Hunley 275) Since the boosters are recovered after every mission, by 1981
NASA could tell that the booster's segment seals were already showing signs of wear. (Petroski 271)
They were not parts that were designed to wear out. (Petroski 271) Evidently NASA knew that there
was a seal problem with the boosters and continued using them for the next five years until an
accident occurred. Another matter entirely is that the booster seals made to flex and seal properly in
cold temperatures. (Petroski 271) At the hearings during the presidential commission's

NASA's Incompetence: The Challenger and Columbia Shuttle...
On an unusually cool Florida morning in January 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded
50,000 feet above ground just moments after liftoff killing seven crew members onboard (Palmer,
Dunford, and Akin, 2009). A presidential commission, dubbed "the Rogers Commission" (hereafter,
the Commission) after former Secretary of State William Rogers, was appointed to investigate the
cause of the disaster. Although mechanical failure of an O–ring seal in one of the rocket boosters
was identified as the physical cause, the investigation revealed something much more disheartening;
organizational deficiencies at NASA had allowed potential safety hazards to be disregarded. The
disastrous consequences of NASA's organizational failure prompted calls ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
An overarching distinction in the perceptions of managing change is the desire to either control or
shape change outcomes. The images are further differentiated based on assumptions about the
degree to which change managers influence change outcomes. Palmer, Dunford, and Akin (2009)
state that these images guide change leaders in certain directions as they make sense of events
unfolding around them. The caretaking image, as an ideal, maintains a controlling view of
management, but also recognizes that control is acutely limited by numerous internal and external
forces (Palmer and Dunford, 2008). Consequently, change unfolds independently of managers'
intentions and the objective is to "shepherd" the organization to the best of their ability (Palmer,
Dunford, and Akin, 2009). In this vein, NASA took on the caretaking image in its tolerance for and
eventual normalization of safety hazards. Moreover, this image can be perceived in NASA's
assumption that nothing could be done to repair the space shuttle Columbia or prevent the disaster
that occurred upon its return. Palmer, Dunford, and Akin (2009) state that the director image deflects
organizations' attention away from whether outcomes are achievable. Indication of the directing
image, which views management as control and intended outcomes as achievable, can be found in
NASA's commitment to an unrealistic launch schedule while sacrificing

A False Repair Patch
Life on Earth is such a great treasure. When people have the problem, they can always call someone
to make the repair or buy the parts needed and fix the issue themselves. The astronauts who work in
the International Space Station (ISS) cannot just access the opportunities. They only contact an
expert to do repairs in case of problems that may come up and cannot rush to the storage of the
hardware for the precisely required repair. Additionally, they have limited time in their onboard
schedule. Life there is remote and isolated (National Research Council (U.S.), 2011). It is not that
easy to fix problems for resources are limited and scarce. The aim of soliciting funds for the
lightweight Repair Patch is to effect life in the International ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(CRG), of Dayton, Ohio has partnered with NASA to make the Rubbn' Repair Patch. CRG works in
a several of fields to come up with advanced solutions and provides service for the development of
technology. It has specialized in conversion of new concepts from the labs to the market, which
made it a worthy partner–to–partner NASA. CRG has been the receiver of the agreements between
NASA and 15 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). CRG emphasizes on various ventures
such as the creation of the inflatable structures for antennas of radio for frequency and recently, a
polymer matrix that is healable to be used for future space vehicles (NASA Spin off, 2010). One of
the past SBIR deals of CRG with the Kennedy Space Center developed the latest form of a patch
that is structural in nature for various uses by the customers. Materials derived by NASA have been
commercialized by CRG under two trademarks: Rubbn' Repair, for automotive purposes and Rec'
Repair for the outside and escapade

Water Damage In The Kennedy Space Center
Perhaps, you are looking for professional water removal service in the Kennedy Space Center
location. SERVPRO of New Smyrna Beach Titusville is waiting for your call. We are a reliable and
trusted water damage company with plenty of experience to get the job done quickly and efficiently.
The fact is that customers contact us all the time about water damage issues. We always advise our
customers to address the damage issue before it escalates and causes more damage to their property.
The good news is that we are available around the clock, and we respond fast to our customers calls.
We are dedicated professionals that are ready, willing, and able to clean up after any size disaster.
Discovering Sources Of Water Damage We realize that the

The Collapse Of The Space Shuttle Before Columbia
In the year of 2003, on February 1, a tragic accident had occurred in the atmosphere above Texas as
the space shuttle called Columbia was on it's way to land at the Kennedy Space Center. The shuttle
itself was on its 28th mission and was just one of the five space shuttles that was used amongst
NASA. But on this particular day, it wasn't like the rest because astronauts are supposed to return
home safely; that's not what happened on this day. There were seven astronauts that were inside the
shuttle. Their names were Rick Husband, David Brown, Michael Anderson, Laurel Clark, William
McCool, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon. They had all died in an explosion within the shuttle
itself.
NASA was trying to figure out how this could've happened. They ran through many possibilities of
what could've gone wrong and they came to the conclusion that the reason the shuttle had exploded
when coming through the atmosphere was because a chunk of foam hilt a wing of the craft. This was
suspected to be the reason when tape was analyzed of the takeoff before Columbia went into space.
NASA wanted to know if it was the real reason but didn't want anyone else to know of the issues
besides them. The Department of Defense had asked permission from the people working for NASA
to use orbital spy cameras to analyze the problem. But NASA had said no to their offer and went on
to analyze and check the disaster for themselves so that they knew what the problem was. They call
this a "common check".

The Space Shuttle Challenger
The significant engineering failure that will be analyze is the Space Shuttle Challenger. In 1986, the
Challenger faced many launch delays. The first delay of the Challenger was due to the expected
weather front and presence of the Vice President (ENGINEERING.com). Since rain and cold
temperatures were expected to move into the area, they didn't want the Vice President to make
unnecessary trips. However, the launch window became perfect weather conditions since the
weather front stalled. The second delay was due to a defective microswitch in the hatch locking
mechanism. By the time the problem was fixed, the winds became too high and the weather front
had started to move again.
Due to these delays, the night before the launch, there was a teleconference between engineers and
management from Kennedy Space Center, Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama, and Morton–
Thiokol in Utah (ENGINEERING.com). This teleconference was to investigate whether the
challenger was safe to launch with the predicted temperatures of low 20s. Due to inconclusive data
and having no low–temperature data below 53°F, the managers recommended the launch to continue
and not be delayed. Temperatures dropped to about 8°F the night before launch. On January 28,
1986, the space shuttle challenger broke apart after seventy–three seconds from launch
(History.com). This catastrophic event killed the entire crew in Challenger while traumatizing the
nation and throwing the NASA's shuttle program into turmoil.

Challenger Research Paper
Making the Call
In my paper I will try and explain the reason of why I would make the call to launch the Challenger
in 1986. As we all know we had a horrific accident when the Challenger was launched on January
28, 1986. There were seven crew members who lost their lives when the Challenger blew up within
only 73 seconds of flight. This was a major setback in the United States space explorations and
prompted NASA to temporarily suspend all future shuttle missions.
First, we take a look at all the years of research and designs that are completed over the years; thus,
we have to trust that we are receiving the most up to date research and findings. On January 28,
1979, just 7 years to the date began the start of the structural assembly of the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
"The data showed that the rubber seals on the shuttle's booster rockets wouldn't seal properly in cold
temperatures and this would be the coldest launch ever." (Berkes, 2016) Having been given this
information I would make the decision to launch. "Sending shuttles up with some risk was the norm
at NASA, and it was understood that some risk was unavoidable. The possibility of some primary
O–ring erosion was found acceptable because of the redundancy of the secondary O–ring. Over a
period of time, the amount of erosion that was acceptable grew increment by increment. The
Okaying of the Challenger launch was the result of day–to–day decisions made over a period of
years – a kind of incremental acceptance of deviance that Vaughan compares to Hannah Arendt's
"banality of evil." As she argues, "incrementalism can contribute to extraordinary events" (Tankard,
1996).
The pressure being put on me to send the Challenger was enormous, the President would be giving
his State of the Union address and plans are he will be discussing the advancements the United
States a made in the NASA program. I feel as though I have no choice, I must rely on all the testing
that has been done. There is always risk when sending up any space shuttle, but the astronauts have
been trained to do space

In 1986 when the space shuttle Challenger launched from...
In 1986 when the space shuttle Challenger launched from Kennedy Space Center people watched in
awe for a little more than a minute before the shuttle exploded in flight. This was the first of only
two major accidents that occurred during over two decades of NASA's shuttle program. Many
would consider the Challenger disaster to be a fluke that could not have been prevented or predicted
but, In truth, it was an accident waiting to happen and was a symptom of systemic problems that
were occurring at NASA during that era. The 1986 space shuttle Challenger disaster was cause by a
number of factors including structural failure of the shuttle, a change in NASA's work environment
from the days of the successful Apollo missions, and additional ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The bidding for the Solid Rocket booster was flawed from the beginning. Solid engineering and
safety gave way to the impulse help out one's cronies and save money. As a result, better boosters
were passed up so that a flawed booster could be designed and built. According to J. Hunley Author
of the book The Development of Propulsion Technology for U.S. Space –Launch Vehicles 1926–
1991, "Since Thiokol had plants in Utah, NASA administrator James C. Fletcher's home state, the
decision was controversial" (Hunley 269). In addition, of the four bids put in to build the booster,
one company, Aerojet proposed a solid welded case on the grounds that sealed cases would be safer
than segmented cases (Hunley 268). Morton Thiokol, the company that actually built the boosters
with a segmented case, came in second to last in the bidding but won the contract for scoring best in
the cost category of the evaluation (Hunley 269). Even though safer solid rocket boosters were
presented to NASA, the booster that ultimately caused the Challenger disaster was chosen based on
cost instead of safety.
In addition to controversial bidding practices the solid rocket booster had a design flaw that was
known to be an issue for years before the Challenger's final flight took place. The First flight using
the booster was in 1980 (Hunley 275). Since the boosters are recovered after every mission, by 1981
NASA could tell that the booster's segment seals were already showing signs of

Apollo John F. Kennedy Space Center
Where Apollo 13 took place and launched, was at the complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. It
happened at 2:13 p.m. EST, April 11, 1970. What had caused it to orbit the moon and come back,
was a ciple in the oxygen tank. One thing that happened was on the Apollo 13 spacecraft, a oxygen
tank was crippled and they had to orbit the moon and return home. The main event was that for the
third time, they successfully lifted off once more, just to run into a problem with the oxygen tank.
The people involved (meaning on the Apollo 13) were: Fred Haise, Jack Swigert, and Jim Lovell. It
kind of ties in with Apollo 11 because they both went to the moon but, Apollo 11 was made up to
beat the Soviet Union in the Space Race by John F. Kennedy. Apollo 13 ties in with the three theme
words, Exploration, Encounter, Exchange in these three different ways: Exploration, they explored
outer space and learned many new things about plants, if anything grows on the planets, if anything
lived there they didn 't know about, etc. Encounter, they encounter many new materials (plastic is
one of those things). They had encounter a cripple and the oxygen tank that happened on the Apollo
13. Exchange, they exchanged ideas about what to do about the cripple of the one of the oxygen
tank. They were trying to exchange communication on how they were doing in space. A fun fact
about Apollo 13 is that it is the seventh manned mission in the American Apollo Space Program.
Shortly after the incident with the

Kennedy Space Center Research Paper
Florida History
When I think Florida History, I think Kennedy Space Center.
"I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of
landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. No single space project...will be
more exciting, or more impressive to mankind, or more important...and none will be so difficult or
expensive to accomplish" –John F. Kennedy, May 25, 1961
We as a whole civilization have always wished about an afterlife with the goods or dreamed about
reaching or being sent to the sky or heavens. From ancient civilizations to the modern day world,
our wish of going into space has increased from studying the stars to actual discovery of exploration
in space. In forty years we have had so much ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On July 20, 1969 America finally became first in the protracted space race with the Soviets. On that
day for America, Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin of Apollo 11 became the first humans to
step foot on the moon. This of course was a massive victory alongside the Soviet Union. " The first
men to land on the moon were launched from the site of KSC (Kennedy Space Center) in 1969, and
every human space flight launch in the United States since that time has taken place from the
Kennedy Space Center" (Rogier). "Apollo was the NASA program that resulted in American
astronauts' making an aggregate of 11 spaceflights a total of 12 astronauts having walked on the
moon conducting research there

Life And Dedication Of An Organization
As I peered through the window of opportunity, which I thought would be an easy adventure, time
and dedication surely proved me mistaken. One average senior–high day, I walk into the Human
Services classroom and sit down at my desk. The class writes the daily five minute prompt about the
service we are hoping to be involved in for FCCLA (Family Career and Community Leaders of
America) called, STAR (Student Taking Action with Recognition) events. After the prompt, the class
sets up the desks to have our monthly FCCLA meeting. I, being the President, began the meeting
with any house–keepings that needs to be discussed. Next, we progress the discussion to our
chapter's current funds and finally begin to go into detail about STAR events. In an organized
manner, we list the events and information pertaining to which people are planning on working in
each group.
I decide to work with Angela, who happens to be our chapter's Vice President, and Molly, the
secretary, to focus our attention to the "Focus on Children" category. With much thought, we decide
on the idea of researching the sugar content in beverages and directing the information toward late–
elementary audiences. We create a few presentations and visuals to provide the students an accurate
idea of the sugar content within their drinks. While constructing this project, we also call at least
five of the elementary schools in the area. One of the schools responds and we are able to coordinate
a few dates to present to

Space Shuttle Challenger Case Study Solution
Executive Summary
On January 28, 1986, hundreds of spectators on the ground and millions of Americans watching on
television witnessed the disaster of space shuttle Challenger. The space shuttle Challenger broke
apart after 73 seconds it was launched killing all seven crew members aboard, including Christa
McAuliffe, a teacher from New Hampshire. Christa McAuliffe was chosen from thousands of
candidates and planned to teach lessons from space to children of school age around the country.
Based on investigation conducted by the Roger's Commission, the O–ring seals in Challenger's solid
rocket booster (SRB) became brittle due to extreme cold temperature that caused the failure to fully
seal the joint of the right SRB.
The purpose of this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Challenger was rescheduled to launch on January 28, 1986 at 9:38 AM Eastern Time at Kennedy
Space Center, Florida
2.0 CIRCUMSTANCES BEFORE LAUNCH One day before the launch, NASA personnel became
concerned because of the predicted Florida weather on the early hours of January 28 would be
unusually cold, the temperature was expected to be as low as 20°F (Vaughan, 1997).
Marshall's Solid Rocket Motor Manager contacted Thiokol, the manufacturer of the Solid Rocket
Motor (SRM) in Utah to review the performance of the SRM on cold temperature. The Thiokol
engineers expressed their concern that the cold temperature would make the rubber O–ring lose the
resiliency that may cause failure to seal the joints of the SRB, which is mission safety critical. This
was a known issue based on several previous launches and concerns that had been raised between
Marshall and Thiokol. This issue prompted to set three–location telephone conference to discuss the
situation. Managers and engineers from Thiokol, Marshall Flight Space Flight Center, and Kennedy
Space Center participated in the discussion. Thiokol's recommendation was to delay the launch until
noon or after. More discussions took place that involved more personnel from all three participating
locations and engineering data containing technical analysis of the problem was provided. Based on
the technical analysis, Thiokol's conclusion, launch at any temperature below 53°F was

Nasa Management : The Columbia Space Shuttle
17 minutes after entering the Earth's atmosphere in the Columbia Space Shuttle, 7 NASA (National
Aeronautics and Space Administration) astronauts were disintegrated above Texas. On February 01,
2003, the mission, STS–107 was nearly complete. The Columbia Space Shuttle crew of Rick
Douglas Husband, William "Willie" Cameron McCool, Michael P. Anderson, Ilan Ramon, David
McDowell Brown, Kalpana "KC" Chawla, and Laurel Blair Salton Clark were in the midst of a
routine landing and completion of their mission at the Kennedy Space Center. The shuttle and it's
crew began entry into the atmosphere at 8:43 a.m. EST and within 17 minutes, the shuttle was
destroyed all were dead. Initial reaction to the tragedy sparked rumors of a terrorist plot;
nevertheless, an investigation was launched to determine the true cause and the events leading up to
the catastrophe. Unbeknownst to the public, a section of foam insulation had fragmented from the
propellant tank and struck the left wing during takeoff, 15 days prior. NASA management drew
fierce criticism and condemnation, as the flaw was detected by NASA immediately after takeoff, but
nothing was attempted to correct it. During their descent through Earth's atmosphere, the crew
aboard the Columbia Space Shuttle were relaxed, even joking and filming videos–completely
oblivious to their impending, imminent deaths at the result of human and technical failures.
It was on January 16, 2003, that the Columbia Space Shuttle and it's crew of 7 were on

Challenger Space Shuttle Research Paper
The Challenger Space Shuttle launched on January 28, 1986, but sadly never reached the
atmosphere of space. (History.com) The Challenger's sections disassembled 73 seconds after liftoff.
(History.com) The Challenger disaster killed six astronauts as well as a teacher. Christa McAuliffe
was a teacher from New Hampshire who was awarded the honor of going on the the spacecraft's
10th mission to teach lessons in space for students around the world. (History.com) It was
determined later on that the two rubber O–rings, that were designed to separate the rocket booster
sections, had failed because of the temperature the morning of the launch, causing the disaster.
(History.com) Even though the Challenger Shuttle tragedy is very sad, it has improved the
technology of the NASA Space Center and minimized the number of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
On the morning of the launch, the temperature on the launch pad was 22 degrees Fahrenheit. The
engineers warned the head of the mission that the O–rings and other components of the shuttle had a
possibility of failure at cold temperatures. Unfortunately, these warnings were disregarded and they
proceeded to lift off. Seventy–three seconds later, the spectators on the ground and the audience
before their television screens watched the 1986 Challenger explode before their eyes. After the
disaster, President Ronald Reagan arranged a commission to determine what happened to the
Challenger Space Shuttle. (History.com) The commission was comprised of former astronaut Neil
Armstrong and former test pilot Chuck Yeager. (History.com) The commission concluded that the
O–rings were defective because of the cold weather. They also found that the company that designed
the rocket boosters, Morton Thiokol, had disregarded warnings about potential issues.

Why I Want For An Engineer
Why I Want to be an Engineer Engineering has been of particular interest to me since I was an
underclassman in high school. During sophomore year in high school, I participated in a program
sponsored by the boy scouts of America called an engineering explorer post. The group met once a
week at a different engineering firm or classroom at the Rochester Institute of Technology to learn
about the different fields of engineering and their job. Through this program, I learned of my
passion for civil engineering. I love solving problems with math and science and helping people go
on with their everyday lives. The world needs engineers and I want to be one of them.
Throughout my childhood, I constantly asked my dad questions about traffic lights, bridges, roads,
and even the sand barrels at the end of a guardrail. I also had an obsession with creating structures
from Lego bricks. I also want to be an engineer so I can build a better world for our generation. I'm
most interested in civil engineering because I want to design and construct bridges and roads. As the
infrastructure in America continues to deteriorate, there is a greater and greater need for civil
engineers. Infrastructure fascinates me and I feel creating the next generation of bridges and roads in
America is something I want to be involved with.
The engineering field is also filled with numerous research opportunities. I want to find a way to
design new infrastructure to last longer than the systems being replaced.

Have You Ever Had A Dream? Dr.
Have you ever had a dream? Dr. May Jemison as a young African–American girl dreamed of
becoming a scientist. Growing up during the uproar of the civil rights movement being a black
scientist was unusual. May Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama went October 17, 1956 but
moved to Chicago at three years old and was raised her young years. Mae Jemison from this day
forward calls Chicago her hometown. Mae Jemison and her family moved to Chicago in order to
better their lives and education. Mae Jemison 's mom was a teacher and her father was a carpenter.
May Jemison has a brother named Richie and has a sister named Ada Sue. Throughout Mae Jemison
's elementary years may always exceed above the standards and walked into kindergarten already
knowing how to read. Although not always encouraged by her teachers Mae Jemison realize that she
wanted to be a scientist from a early age when she found herself fascinated by problem–solving and
engineering. Also the love of dancing followed Mae Jemison throughout her life. At the age of two,
May Jemison managed to work herself into the driver seat of her family 's car that had been left
running; she then engaged the manual transmission, and was getting ready to pull off, before she
was quickly stopped by her father. By the age of five Jemison was quite certain of her preferred
career path. She wanted to be a scientist! By the time May Jemison was in middle school Jemison
had developed a lifelong fascination with space. Mae would often stay

Essay on Challenger
On January 26, 1986, one of the greatest disasters of our time occurred. When Challenger was
destroyed many questions were asked about the safety of space missions. Many questions were
asked about the credibility of the engineers who designed the air craft.
It is now know that crucial information about the faulty O–rings was know to many if not all of the
engineers. These engineers had many moral decisions they had to face when the problem was first
noticed, which was as early as
November 1981.
When a shuttle is launched their are two booster rockets attached to the side of it that disconnect
when the shuttle gets into orbit. The rockets that were on the Challenger were manufactured by
Morton–Thiokol, an engineering
company. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The night before the scheduled launch of Challenger, a teleconference was held between engineers
and management from the Kennedy
Space Center, Marshal Space Flight Center in Alabama and Morton–Thiokol in
Utah.ii Boisjoly, and Ernie Thompson another engineer from Thiokol knew this was their last
chance to stop the flight from taking off. Robert Lund, Thiokol's
Engineering Vice President showed that 53 degrees "was the only low temperature data
Thiokol had for the effects of cold on the operational boosters."iiiBut they had no data that did
prove that it was unsafe to launch at lower temperatures.
Boisjoly and Thompson were unsuccessful in "blowing the whistle." The next day the
Challenger took of from the Kennedy space Center; "a rush of cotton–candy like smoke
washed over the cockpit windows, possibly accompanied by a brief burst of brilliant orange flames.
Almost simultaneously, the astronauts were crushed down in their seats by a force at least 12 times
greater than gravity."iv
After the disaster Boisjoly went to his office, where he stayed and thought.
Some of his colleagues came in to see how he was doing but he could not even speak, he was so
over come with emotion. Their were many factors that effected neglecting the O–rings. For one
NASA had a billion dollar contract with Thiokol before the disaster and Thiokol felt that causing
any problems by expressing
Boisjolys concern

The Space Administration ( Nasa ) And Kennedy Space Center
My main interest in writing a research paper about space sparked from the retirement of the Space
Shuttle, in which thousands of workers lost their jobs and other individuals where forced to move
away to different locations across the United States to find work. I will be focusing on the obstacles
that National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA) and Kennedy Space Center are presented
with from the view points of many different angles. I have discovered many interesting facts and
sources regarding my topic and realize that there is still so much to be learned. My search begins
with an article concerning the budget situation out at Kennedy Space Center. The first article of the
budget confliction can be seen in the News of the Week: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The authors Pielke R. Jr and Byerly R. of the article "Shuttle Programme Lifetime Cost", discuss in
detail the amount of money it takes for NASA to launch a Space Shuttle. I found in this document,
how much the Space Administration spent for each separate Space Shuttle launch. "During the
operational years from 1982 to 2010, the average cost per launch was about $1.2 billion. Over the
life of the programme, this increases to about $1.5 billion per launch"(p. 38). This source brought a
new perspective into my thought process about how costly the space programs can be. The authors
of the article presented the information though graphs as well, which I intend to include in my final
research paper. This source also had me eager to look up how much the National Government has
funded NASA over the past years. Researching the topic of NASA's budget presented alarming
evidence about the shrinking government funding that the agency receives. According to "NASA
Budget", published in 2012, the following monetary amounts show the decrease in the amount of
funding the National Government is providing NASA "$553.8 million in fiscal 1995, $155.5 million
in fiscal 1996, $131.7 million in fiscal 1997, $61 million in fiscal 1998, $51.3 million in fiscal 2000,
$10.8 million in fiscal 2004". The article shows how the funding drastically decreased over a series
of nine years. The source gives a different perspective, not from an individual that works out at

Research Paper On Sally Ride
Sally Ride: A Name to Remember When growing up, a lot of kids say they want to be an astronaut
when they are older. This was not the case for Sally Ride. She claimed that she did not want to be an
astronaut and knew that there were little to no women in that profession. Then one day, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent out flyers looking for women to become apart
of the program and that changed Sally Ride's life forever. NASA mainly recruited white males who
were in the military to work for them. It was not until the Equal Employment Opportunity Act was
passed that in a way forced NASA to consider women for some of their jobs. NASA then created a
new job for astronauts which was to help the pilot on space flights (Friedman). Sally Ride was a
very good student in high school and decided to go to Stanford University for college. At Stanford,
she got her bachelor's degree in physics which she then narrowed it down to X–ray astronomy and
free electron laser research. Towards the end of her schooling at Stanford, Ride came across an
article in the school newspaper talking about how NASA was in search for scientist to become
specialists on one of their shuttles (Freni 151). Ride, just like 8,079 other people, sent in an
application hoping to become a member of NASA's 1978 astronaut class. After a lengthy wait, Ride
was told that she was one out of six women to be an astronaut candidate (Freni 152). On June 18,
1983, Sally Ride became the first

A Visit to the Saturn V Rocket
Underneath the largest rocket in the world, on May 8, starting at 11:00, were sixth graders. The
entire sixth grade of South Mckeel Academy slept underneath the Saturn V rocket. Not an
experience to forget. Previously, the middle schoolers had taken a brief tour of the Kennedy Space
Center Visitor Complex, which houses the space shuttle Atlantis. They would actually get to visit the
shops and kiosks on Friday, the day after. Onto the subject of the rocket itself. Mostly yellow, the
Saturn V rocket is the only functional rocket still fully intact. This is because it has never been out of
Earth's orbit, much less in space. The length? The equivalent of 9 KSC (Kennedy Space Center) tour
buses. In other words – and measurements–, 363 feet. Underneath the rocket, among the sleeping
6th graders, was a cold temperature. By the displays of astronauts suits, lunar rovers, lunar landers,
samples of the moon's surface, etc. the coldness was not as evident, in fact by the exhibits one might
go so far as to say warm. The area where the base of the rocket was built was visible, painted a light
shade of green, towards the tip of the rocket. Boys were to sleep in stage one, near the base of the
rocket, while girls occupied stages two and three closer to the tip of the rocket. Around 9:30 the
ravenous juveniles were given a snack of sun chips and water bottles, the latter of which they were
welcome to at any time of the night. The staff members of the

The Journey Home: The Story of Apollo 13

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Kimberly Williams

More from Kimberly Williams (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

The Journey Home: The Story of Apollo 13