Asylum Seekers Essay

Asylum Seekers Essay
The Howard government's difficulty in rebuilding the relationship with Indonesia was partly due to
their 'megaphone diplomacy' (Capling 2008: 613). Howard's rhetoric after election in 1997, moved
away from Labour's enthusiastic engagement with Asia, and towards a perception of an Australia
less interdependent with Asia, emphasizing Western liberal democratic ties (Jones and Benvenuti
2006: 111). East Timor had reinforced the Indonesian perception that Australia had an arrogant neo–
colonial foreign policy (Day 2015: 675). Yet, the burgeoning democracy following the fall of
Suharto in 1999 gave the opportunity for better dialogue (Robert and Hadir 2015: 197). The 2001
Tampa affair became a stumbling block, as Howard publically criticized ... Show more content on
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Australia and Indonesia increased their joint military exercises to ten in 1998–1999, beofre they
were cancelled following the East Timor crisis (Singh 2002: 126). Also, clearly linked to the crisis,
was the 16th September 1999 abrogation by the Indonesian government of the AMS
(Commonwealth of Australia 2000: 195). The October 2002 terrorist bombing attack in Bali, killing
202 people including 88 Australians was a turning point. Based on pragmatism and shared interest in
combatting terrorism the relationship reemerged when the Australian Federal Police and the
Indonesian authorities cooperated in investigation the incident (Day 2015: 676) Building close
security relations became a priority in light of the new terrorism threat, creating the successful 'Bali
Process' (Day 2015: 676). 2013 finally saw the return of military engagement to pre–East Timor
crisis heights (Robert and Hadir 2015: 198).
However, the domestic sphere is vital to Australian policy and must be engaged to improve relations
with Indonesia. A 2013 survey of the Australian public commissioned by DFAT in 2013 found that
53% of Australian believe Indonesia is not a democracy and 54% believe Australia is right to worry
about Indonesia as a military threat (Roberts and Habir 2015: 205). This is worrying as domestic
support does effect on Australian foreign policy (Stephens and Gruber 2010: 38) Australian
generosity, diplomacy and funding have been the most successful method of deepening relations
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2004 Boxing Day Tsunami
Good morning/Afternoon, Today I will be discussing the reasoning for why people live in disaster
prone areas and the detrimental effects it has on society. I will be mainly focussing on Tsunamis and
the effects it can cause when in action. The case study I have chosen to assist this task is the, 2004
Boxing Day Tsunami event. Tsunamis can be shown as powerful waves that can rip through
anything taking anything down in its path. A tsunami cannot be prevented; however the impact of a
tsunami can be mitigated through community preparedness, timely warnings, and effective
responses.
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that consist of very long wavelengths, they are caused by
large–scale disturbances of the ocean, some including; earthquakes,

Asset Allocation For Retirement Savings
One of the foremost vital selections majority people face at a particular age is the selection of a
portfolio of assets for retirement savings. These assets invested will be a major source of their
retirement financial gain (Campbell & Viceira, 2002). It is vital for investors to understand the
concept of asset allocation and how does asset allocation works in the market. The objective of this
research paper is to identify the asset allocation proportions in the Australian Institutional Markets,
comparing the different asset allocation in Australians superannuation fund, understanding the
concept of why property only comprises a small part of percentage in a diversified portfolio and
defining the strategies applied to allocate the assets. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The process of asset allocation is dividing investments among different categories (Investor Words,
2015). There are four main categories of assets in the Australian Institutional Market which are fixed
interest, cash, property and shares. A large amount of money and time are devoted to the selection
and evaluation of investment managers, but fewer attentions are paid to the asset allocation (Darst,
2008). According to the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), superannuation assets
in Australia totalled $2.05 trillion at the end of the March quarter 2015 (APRA, 2015). 52% of the
$2.05 trillion investments were allocated and invested in equities; with 24% in Australian listed
equities, 22% in international listed equities and 6% in unlisted equities. Fixed income and cash
investments accounted for 32% of the investments; 19% in fixed income and 13% in cash.
Furthermore, property and infrastructure accounted for 12% of investments and 4 percent were
invested in other assets, including commodities and hedge funds (APRA, 2015). 3.0 Literature
Review Recent studies show that they are different definitions and purpose of asset allocation within
different groups of investors. For professional investors, asset allocation usually means (i)
calculating the rates of return between various asset classes, (ii) running these variables to select
asset mixes with different risk and return profiles; and (iii) analyzing and implementing the desired
asset allocation. Whilst

Inquiry Based Learning In Australia
Inquiry based learning allows students to engage in different learning experiences by being actively
involved. Experiences, which are hands on and engaging helps the student to have the best
opportunity to understand and learn. This method works well with the History component of the
Australian Curriculum and West Australian curriculum as students can base what is being taught to
their personal experiences, helping them to build on their identity (DEEWR, 2009, p.20). Children
are curious about the world around them and inquiry based learning allows children to ask
questions, which they can then investigate and explore. Inquiry based learning allows students to
gather information by using their senses, helping them to be actively involved and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The EYLF identifies that children learn from their families as they are their first influential
educators (DEEWR, 2009, p.7). Students can share these experiences with fellow peers assisting
them to build their identity. These may include sharing a family experience or artefact, which links
into the History component of the West Australian and Australian curriculum (School Curriculum
and Standards Authority Government of Western Australia, 2015). Students can engage in their
learning sharing experiences with their peers; however, it also allows others also to participate and
make sense of the world around them. According to DEEWER (2009, p.9) the EYLF states that
children contribute to other children's learning. When an educator uses constructivist, and inquiry
learning approaches students can express their questions with one another allowing them to build on
their knowledge. This then assists the students to implement their critical and creative thinking,
personal and social capability and intercultural understanding to take effect (School Curriculum and
Standards Authority Government of Western Australia, 2015). Offering different experiences are
essential when planning for early childhood student's as this is a vital part of their learning

Accounting Treatment For Intangible Assets
1.0 Introduction
A few years ago West Ltd acquired all assets and liabilities of Fishy Tale. According to Fishy Tale's
Financial Statement, its intangible assets include the brand development which was valued at
$800,000. However, there have been significant changes to accounting treatment for intangible
assets after Australia adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The aim of this
report is to examine the accounting treatment for Intangible Assets, both prior to, and after the
adoption of IFRS. The differences between the old and new accounting treatment will also be
presented as journal entries. An analysis of changes and subsequent impact on accounting treatment
for internally generated intangible assets is followed by a comparison of the old and new models.
Furthermore, this report will evaluate whether to capitalise or not to capitalise intangible assets for
West Ltd. Finally, the most efficient option will be recommended to the client.
2.0 Accounting treatment for Intangible Assets
Under Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) 138, intangible asset is defined as 'an
identifiable non–monetary asset without physical substance' (Australian Accounting Standards
Board, 2010). In recent years many companies in different countries have used several methods to
record intangible assets. However, Tudor and Dragu (2010) firmly believe that different companies
from Europe use the same financial reporting method to record intangible assets. In order to

Australian Outback Description
Australia has always been one of my favorite countries and on my bucklet list to visit. It's the home
of the Great Barrier Reef, The Outback and beautiful Sydney. They also have a great military
consisting of The Australian Army, Australia Defense Force, Navy, Air Force and Joint
Operation Command. Australia also has an interesting government which includes a Queen and
Prime Minister.
Australia has so many fascinating sites and attractions, one of them, and my personal favorite is the
Great Barrier Reef. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest living structure on the planet and is located
on the coast line of Queensland in north–eastern Australia. It is roughly the same size as japan,
Germany, Malaysia, and Italy combined. It's roughly the same length as the west coast of the USA
from Vancouver to the Mexico border. (cite). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(cite) Australia also had a huge desert called the Australian Outback. The Outback covers most of
the country. What most people don't know is that the Australia Outback isn't your typical desert.
They get an average of 200–250 mm of rain a year and the temperatures can reach up to
122 degrees in the summer months. 90% Of Australian citizens live outside the outback which
Means the outback is mostly unpopulated. Also, the only placed in the world you can find preserved
dinosaur footprints in the mud. The Outback is the only place where the Aborigines can still live and
continue with their traditional ways. (cite) I'm sure you've heard that Australia has the deadliest
snakes and spiders and by now you might be guessing that they are located in the Outback but you
would be wrong. The deadliest are located in Sydney which is the one of the largest cities in
Australia.
The Australian Military is made up of The Australian Army, Australia Defense Force, Royal
Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force and Joint Operation

Religious and Belief Systems in Australia
Religious and Belief Systems in Australia
Q1. Outline the changing patterns of religious adherence in Australia from 1945 to the present.
There has been a lot of change in religious adherence since the end of the Second World War. At the
end of the war many Australians still had British ancestors and so most people were Christian. With
immigrants arriving in Australia after the war we started to see new religions grow. Orthodox
Christians came from places like Greece, for example. The Catholics have continued to grow in
numbers while some other Christian faiths have decreased in size. One reason why the Catholic
Church is growing is because of the arrival of immigrants from places like Africa and the
Philippines.
With the arrival of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There used to be a time when most people stuck with the religion that their parents followed. These
days more people are choosing denominational switching. This means that many people are no
longer making life long commitments to one church in particular. They are more likely to go
wherever they feel comfortable and look for a church that suits their needs.New age religions were
among the fastest growing faiths in the 2001 census, increasing by 140 percent in the five years
since 1996. New age religions differ from other faiths in that, while together they form an overall
spiritual movement, they nonetheless lack any singles unifying creed or doctrine. Adherents do tend
to share some similar beliefs and practices, which are often grafted onto other, more formalised
religious beliefs.
Another reason for denominational switching is that some parents separate or get divorced. Surveys
have shown that children from families that have broken up are more likely to stop following the
family religion. A study of people in Catholic and Protestant churches found the following pattern: If
a family was broken up because of divorce, Catholics were 1.7 times more likely to switch to a
moderate protestant church and 2.6 times more likely to switch to a conservative protestant church.
For many years there has been a number of Australians who describe themselves as having no
religion on the census. In the 2011 census, (http://www.abs.gov.au )22.3% of the

Australia In The 1800s
During the late 1700–1800s australia was made up of separate colonies, a country struggling to stay
intact, low food supply and numerous convicts entering Australia. Throughout the 1700–1800s
sutian reform changes have allowed the thriving development of Australia to be a completed
country, such as the wool industry and gold rush. Within the 1600s the dutch were the first
europeans to reach australia, although in 1770 James Cook claimed australia for britain. Australia
still had been distant, forty thousand years ago the first settlers had probably been citizens from
southeast asia. But it was known that the first years of settlement were nearly disastrous. Supposedly
the land had been cursed with spoiled soil, unfamiliar climate, ... Show more content on
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The first had been the Australian Wool Industry which dates from 1797 when john Macarthur and
reverend samuel Marsden imported spanish sheep, merino sheep, to attempt a wool industry. Up
until the the only sheep in the colony were fat–tailed sheep which the first fleet brought with them
from cape of good hope. The second had been the 1808' Rum Rebellion on january 26, officers and
men of New south Wales corps marched to government house in sydney australia, in act of rebellion
against governor william Bligh. Bligh had been arrested and the colony was placed under military
rule.(coup, is the term known when the military takes over). furthermore was the Gold Rush a
discovery that changed the nation. in 1851 Edward Hargraves discovered a grain of gold and was
convinced that the similarity of geological features between australia and the californian gold fields
bounded well search for gold around his homeland. He was rewarded ten thousand australian dollars
plus a life pension. The discovery marketed the begining of australia gold rush, and a tremendous
change in the economic and social fabric or the nation. Thus the west indian trade, the west indies
continued improving their industry and broadening the basis of production. In 1886 miscellaneous
exports began to form an expanding proportion of west indian trade. The british had taken from
them, sugar,rum, cocoa, dye woods,

Bradshaw Rock Art Analysis
The 'Bradshaw' rock art of North West Australian Aboriginals, 'Gwion Gwion'
Rock art is of unique heritage value and the Kimberley region of Western Australia has one of the
greatest concentrations in the world. This archive is of international importance and of particular
concern to local Aboriginal people. Given the number and variety of Kimberley rock art styles, we
can analysis the details of the site whilst have an understanding of the meaning, the purpose and the
significance of the rock art. The rock art of this region shows a sequence of distinctive figurative
styles depicting changes and continuity in the natural and cultural environment. These include the
Wanjina and Gwion Gwion (Bradshaw) as well as many other art styles.
Details ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Curious enough, this animal has never been apart of Australian fauna, which suggests that the artists
were painting by memory of their voyage to Australia. This indicate that one of the many reasons
the artwork was created was to tell the story of them, of their journey and of their past.
Significance of the rock art
The Bradshaw rock art is very significant to world history because Paleolithic art typically uses
animals as the primary subject while the Bradshaw's typically depict humans. In addition, they show
the humans with tassels, hair adornments, and possibly clothing. Such body adornments are usually
found in agricultural societies that have developed a hierarchical system of status. This is an
interesting factor as the art shows cultural approaches that were not believed to have existed until
agriculture developed around 10,000 years ago.
As well as showing signs of status hierarchies that weren't believed to have existed until the
development of agriculture 10,000 years ago and being suggestive of picture writing, the art also
undermines conventional theories of human history with a painting of a canoe with four people on
board seems to show technology that wasn't believed to have existed until the rise of the Roman and
Chinese civilizations 2,000 years

General George Brandis 's ' The Bell Group Legislation...
Attorney–General George Brandis' extended self–defence of his role in the Bell group legislation
scandal yesterday doesn't get us particularly far in clarifying questions about the Western Australian
government's attempt to dud taxpayers, and the government's role in encouraging them. Two major
public interest questions remain, along with a serious political question. First, why did the Western
Australian government believe it had a done deal with the Commonwealth that the Bell legislation –
which would have cost the Australian Tax Office $300 million in lost tax revenue, as the legislation
put the ATO down the queue of creditors of the failed Bell Group – would not be challenged by the
Commonwealth? "[T]he Commonwealth's agreement was critical to the passage of the Bell Act,"
WA Treasurer Mike Nahan said in WA Parliament in May. "We had a deal with the Commonwealth
that it would not oppose the Bell Act. Despite the deal we thought we had, the Australian Taxation
Office thought that it had to have its say in the High Court." Such a deal, if entered into by the
Commonwealth, would have been a serious dereliction of duty by the government – especially given
the Barnett government is politically aligned with the Coalition – giving up $300 million for a
political mate. Why did Nahan think there was a deal? When he wrote to then–treasurer Joe Hockey
in April 2015 following conversations between the two, he said: "I also trust that you would see no
need for the Commonwealth to

Violence Caused By Prisoners Attitudes To Violence In Prisons
It is reported regularly that violence is a serious problem in Australian jails as well. A West
Australian survey found that 'prisons are dangerous places where the threat of violence is ever
present.' (Goulding, 2007) When prisoners are living in a constant state of fear they are more likely
to deal with this by becoming perpetrators themselves due to the relentless exposure. The interviews
conducted by Goulding demonstrated that inmates had a casual attitude to violence on account of
their constant exposure to it. One inmate reported, 'Before, I'd have to struggle to act violently. Now,
1 have to struggle not to.'
The idea that prison guards help perpetuate violence is also claimed in Australia. This also
contributes to the inmates' sense

Character Analysis: And The Big Men Fly
Alan Hopgood's "And the Big Men Fly" is a written comedic play about a country farmer named
Achilles Jones, who is recruited to play for the West Melbourne Football Club. His character's
development allows Achilles to be a key player for the football team, though he never has any
passion for the VFL. In the novel, Achilles has represented Australian stereotypes of a typical
country person almost exactly through never traveling far from his farm and by always appearing
dumb and uneducated. In addition to the stereotypes, his character only tends to enjoy the simple
aspects of life. Achilles is written to have never been far from his farm in Hopgood's text. Also, he is
not accustomed to the social standards of Melbourne. This is evidenced by

Were All Australian Now Poem Analysis Essay
"We're all Australian now" poem analysis
Good morning/Good afternoon boys and girls aboriginal elders and Mrs. Brown
Andrew Barton "Banjo" Paterson (17 February 1864 – 5 February 1941) was an Australian bush
poet, journalist and author. He wrote many ballads and poems about Australian life, focusing
particularly on the rural and outback areas, including the district around Bin–along, New South
Wales, where he spent much of his childhood. Banjo Paterson's, 'We're all Australians now' was
published in 1915. His largely optimistic and patriotic poem inspires readers of the Australian
community to embrace unity.
'We're all Australians now' draws the reader to see the war from a positive Australia home front
perspective. Texts from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This change of pronouns gives a sense of 'the other', a separate entity. Through this otherness, he
betrays a feeling of superiority. His sometime overuse of victorious terminology shows complete
silencing of the actual circumstances of the war, which then sounds slightly superficial, therefore
betraying superiority.
Paterson's other purpose of this text is to promote nationalism amongst Australian men, persuading
them to enlist. He deliberately emphasises on how everyone in Australia is an Australian, through
this line 'English, Scotch, and Irish–bred, They're all Australians now!' This would make everyone at
the time feel obliged to join.
His victorious tone also conveys also conveys the glory and honour that accompanies being a
soldier. The actual hardships of the war which would dissuade enlisting if mentioned, is deliberately
silenced by Paterson.
The careful choices of literary devices Paterson had successfully conveyed his underlying purpose
to the reader. This text also paints a picture of the mood of one of the facets of Australians in the war
which is the main focus of this poem.
Australia takes her pen in hand
To write a line to you,
To let you fellows understand
How proud we are of you. From shearing shed and cattle run,
From Broome to Hobson's Bay,
Each native–born Australian son

Stands straighter up today. The fisher–boys dropped sail and oar
To

Trachoma Case Studies
(WA) (The Kirby Institute for infection and immunity in society, The University of New South
Wales, 2015). The fact that trachoma is highly preventable constitutes the foundation for the WHO
and Australia intention to eliminate blindness by trachoma through the full promotion of SAFE
strategy (Kuper et al., 2003). Surgical management of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) People with
trichiasis are at higher risk of becoming blind. The treatment of trichiasis through surgery or
epilation is aimed not only to offer symptom relief, but also to halt the scaring progression and
prevent cornea opacity (Kuper et al., 2003). Surgical treatment has been proven to improve the
visual acuity (Reacher et al., 1992), but its effectiveness on cornea opacity ... Show more content on
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This method of antibiotic distribution in Australia (Table 2) has a negligible effect (Shattock et al.,
2015) and constitutes a barrier to the elimination of trachoma (Taylor and Anjou, 2012). In other
countries with fewer resources, such as Gambia, mass drug administration has been the key for the
successful tackling of trachoma infection and transmission (West et al.,

Analysis Of Wild Duck Restaurant: A Highly Dining Restaurant
Wild Duck Restaurant is a fine dining restaurant featuring modern Australian cuisine. Wild Duck
Restaurant are located in South West Albany in 2005 and relocated in Nedland's. at November 2012.
One of the reason that make Wild Duck Restaurant become famous is because this restaurant won a
lot of award such as West Star Winner 2011 in Australian Food Guide, Star Winner 2011 in Gourmet
Traveller, Best Restaurant in South West 2008, Informal Dining Restaurant 2009, Restaurant of the
Year 2011, Contemporary Restaurant 2011, Contemporary Restaurant 2014 in Australian Good Food
& Travel Guide. The also won Award Winner since 2010 until 2014 in Restaurant & Catering. They
also won Finalists in "New Restaurant" 2014, Finalists in "Licenced Dining"

Essay On 16th Century American Imperialism
In the 16th century Britain began to establish overseas colonies and by 1783 they had a large empire
with colonies throughout the world including America, the West Indies and India. How did they
achieve this? It was through imperialism. Imperialism is the state policy whereby new British
territories were obtained by extending power and control over them. Imperialism is morally
reprehensible and although it benefited the British, the impact of British colonisation of these
countries was never overly beneficial for the indigenous peoples.
Throughout the 16 and 1700s Britain had a major dilemma with crime and criminals. Many people
convicted of crimes were sentenced to be transported to America as British jails were over crowded.
This stopped in 1783 when the American colonies gained their independence from Britain. Britain
now had nowhere to send their criminals, so they turned to Australia which Britain had acquired in
1770 when Captain James Cook landed and claimed Australia for the crown. In 1788 Captain Arthur
Phillip and the First Fleet arrived and colonised Australian.
Their attitude towards their ownership of the land and regard to the original owners was disgraceful
as many aborigines were killed by guns, poisons and other inhumane methods. There are numerous
occasions on which large groups Indigenous people were hunted and ... Show more content on
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They have a 6.2 out of 1000 infant mortality rate compared to a 3.7 out of 1000 for other
Australians, are 24 more times more likely to go to juvenile detention, experience 32 times more
domestic violence related injuries and have nearly a 10 years shorter life expectancy than other

Yuendumu Door Analysis
In order to evaluate and analyse the spiritual, social and cultural significance of the Yuendumu
Doors of the Warlpiri people, the Australian Aboriginal Cultures Gallery, showing art mediums from
the Western Desert movement at the South Australian Museum was observed. To support this
primary source, a variety of religious journals, commentaries and books, such as Phillip Jones'
"Behind the Doors" was analysed, relating to the significance and context of the Yuendumu Doors
themselves.
Elizabeth Tragenza (2010) establishes that the Western Desert, or "Papunya art movement", fully
transpired in 1971 and was a "contemporary Aboriginal art form". This movement was shared and
pertained within language groups, such as the Pintupi, Warlpiri, Arrernte, ... Show more content on
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Despite the Doors being repeatedly cleaned from "little messages" and "lurid drawings" (Jones,
2014), the Yuendumu Doors served as a "spiritual statement" (Ryan, 2015), to both the European
colonists and the children of the Yuendumu Primary School at the time. Therefore, both groups were
able to "thoroughly understand Indigenous communities and their spiritual relationship with the
land" (Birnie Danzker, 1994); through the Jukurrpa narratives

The Entry Of Japan Into World War
The entry of Japan into World War was accompanied by a shifting relationship between England and
Australia. Up until the fall of Singapore on the 15th of February 1942, England enjoyed the
unconditional support of Australia in fighting the war in Europe. The fall of Singapore and Britain's
subsequent surrender in the region brought the war closer than ever to Australia. This new
perspective on the war resulted in a reconsideration of Australia's position in the commonwealth and
forged a new relationship with America. In order to understand these changing perspectives, it is
essential to look at Australia's relationship with England pre–World War 2, why Australia looked to
America, how America responded to Australia's appeal for support and subsequent changes to
Australia's foreign policy. Australia had always belong under the wing of Britain, a historically
superior nation. This powerful alliance had begun on the 26th January 1788, when Captain Arthur
Phillip was set on a treacherous journey to sail to Australia and successfully colonise this nation.
Furthermore, Australia's influential relationship with Britain was evident, as Australia had fought
beside Britain in various wars, including the Great South African war, also known as Boer War and
World War One, all prior to the dramatic outbreak of World War 2. Throughout Australia's
association with Britain, had always been a mother country to Australia, and Australia always
looked to Britain for knowledge and advice. Due

Asylum Seekers Discourse Analysis
One of the most contentious discourses to ever exist in the Australian news media is that which
concerns asylum seekers. Discourse is defined as an organisation of socially constructed knowledge
about an aspect of reality (Foucault 1977; Hall 1997; van Leeuwen 2005), and racism is a system of
oppression targeting members of ethnic groups who share bodily phenotypes such as skin
pigmentation (Erikson 2010, Luke and Carrington 2000, Scholte 2000). This essay will firstly argue
that Australia's dominant discourse portrays asylum seekers in a racist manner. Then, it will
determine this discourse to be largely constructed by the news media: the mass communication
channels (such as newspapers, television, and the Internet) that report recent events ... Show more
In 2011, the Department of Immigration and Citizenship enacted regulations to prevent journalists
from showing the faces of asylum seekers (Bleiker, Campbell, Hutchison and Nicholson 2013).
These restrictions reflect the findings of the Senate inquiry of 2002 that uncovered "explicit
governmental directives not to 'personalise' or 'humanise' the issue of asylum seekers" (Bleiker,
Campbell, Hutchison and Nicholson 2013, pp. 412). For these reasons, it can be concluded that in
the case of visual representations, the news media reflects, rather than constructs racist

The Australian Perception Of Asia
Australia has experienced huge changes in terms of its policy, culture, economy and races within
Australia since a great number of immigrants came to Australia for their living. Especially
Australian relationships with Asia and perceptions of Asia have shifted over years. Nowadays,
Japanese cultures such as comics, animation, languages and foods are very popular in Australia.
However, Asia had been seen through the label of "Orientalism" which Said (1977) defined as "the
basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate theories, epics, novels,
social descriptions, and political accounts concerning the Orient, its people, customs, 'mind,' destiny,
and so on" (pp.2–3). That is, it is a notion that the West is developed and superior, whereas the East
is exotic and inferior. Today Australia economically incorporates and builds a good relationship with
Asia, although it used to recognise Asians as negative objects and keep them out. This essay will be
examining how the Australian perception of Asia changed over time, especially looking at its
perception of Japan, comparing that of past and now through the influence of White Australia Policy
and multiculturalism. In addition, I will highlight the central factors of the shifts from three aspects:
economic, security and cultural forces.
Since Australia became a British colony, the white had considered themselves to be superior to
coloured people such as Asians and Indigenous Australians and perceived

Vietnamese Culture In Australia Essay
The Vietnamese arrival and settlement process provides an almost quintessential case of cultures in
collision, emerging from a situation of distance and ignorance, to one of racial bonding, cultural
communication and cooperation and developing forms of hybridity.
In 1975 there was inadequately no Vietnamese presence. Before 1975 Australia and Vietnam hardly
knew each other. During the next twenty five years the community grew to over 200,000 members.
A social revolution had then developed in Australia from a White Australia as a recent and professed
racist society with a discrimination selection policy, to a democratic policy now avowedly non–
racist. From a society in which Asian faces were still bizarre, to one where visible diversity is
everywhere. From a society with little sense of non–European cultures and traditions, to one where
us students and other white australians visit, experience and interact with the vibrant asian cultures.
The Vietnamese communities have played a significant role in broader engagements in Australian
politics and society. The Vietnamese were used as the trigger for the real end of White Australia in
the late 1970s.
The greatest proportion of Vietnamese Australians live in Sydney with strong vibrant communities
in Sydney's west and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We then recognised ourselves the progress they have made, through our observations of Cabramatta
and its jam packed streets of shop after shop selling reduced Maneki–Nekos, incredibly aesthetically
pleasing fabrics sold at such little prices and the crowded buzzing dark lit rooms with overpowering
smells that were Vietnamese grocers. We learnt to understand that whilst still unclean and regarded
as unsafe, there had been a huge turn around of the once heroine hot spot to the slightly cleaner,
multicultural infused lifestyle that was

Implementing An Effective Punishment For An Offender
Achieving justice for all and providing appropriate punishment to fit all crimes is a prominent issue
within the criminal justice system. In considering an effective punishment for an offender, the law
must be mindful of both the moral and legal rights of a number of parties, including the society, the
offender, and the victim, in order to achieve true justice for all (Warren 2005) – a process proving
controversial and almost impossible in many cases. Whilst aiming to provide a system in which
citizens trust, respect, and understand (Warren 2005), the criminal justice system seeks to sustain a
society confident in the justice served by its legal system, and one that possesses a sincere desire for
justice. Developing punishments to fit ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead, the focus of the law is directly placed on legal facts presented during a case. From these,
justice – in accordance with the court of law – will be served. The problem with this however, is that
a prominent belief in society is that the politics surrounding the case over–rule the need for justice
inside a court, when in fact, the moral rights and emotions of the victim should be the most
important factor whilst determining a just sentence for the offender (The Age 2002). This ideal is
based on the belief that the impact the crime had on the victim is more extreme than the impact of
any form of punishment placed on the offender, suggesting that justice can only be served once an
offender is forced to adress and respond to the concerns of the victim, and following this, suffer
extensively harsh punishment (Launchland 2015), regardless of any mitigating factors present in the
case. In contrast, many people also support a more empathetic approach towards the offender,
encouraging the growth of a more corrective and rehabilitational legal system, and recognising the
moral and legal rights of an offender to be just as substantial as those of a victim (Timary Herald
1999) in determining what true justice really is. From simply examining the above opinions on what
justice really is and how it can be served in the criminal justice system,

Analysis Of The Montara Wellhead Platform Drill Rig Owned...
At 5:30am WA time on the 21st of August 2009 the Montara wellhead platform drill rig owned by
PTTEP Australasia suffered a well head accident, resulting in the uncontrolled discharge of oil and
gas. This discharge was stopped 2 months later on the 3rd November 2009 (Government, 2013). The
devastation that this oil caused in 2 months was outrages, resulting in the destruction of ecosystems
and surrounding villages to perish overtime. The following will analysis the perspectives of three
major stake holders, the Australian government, PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP)
Australasia and the people of West Timor, and explain how the common good is of relevance to this
issue. The principle off the common good is littered throughout history. One prominent description
of the common good is the social conditions that permit people to be able to reach their full potential
as well as realizing their human dignity (William J. Byron, 1998). Another describes the common
good as the "moral formula for the greatest good for all" (Kelly & Jones, 1996). Pope Paul VI
described the common good slightly differently as where "every social group must take account of
the needs and appropriate aspirations of other groups, and even of the over–all welfare of the entire
human family" (Pope Paul VI, 1965). The issue of the Montara oil spill is of great relevance to the
common good because various stakeholders were involved and negatively affected. To reach a
solution that results in the greatest

Social Issues In Australia Essay
It has been proposed that Australians are responsible in making Australia an 'Asia literate society' by
developing 'understanding of Asian history, cultures, geography and economics' (March, 1995).
ACARA (n.d.) states that the objective of Asia and Australia's engagement with Asia is to develop
students understanding on Asian society and culture by integrating Asian aspects with Australian
curriculum.
Australia and Europe are making an effort to improve the Asia literacy. For example, David
Miliband (2008) who is the British Foreign Secretary, pointed out the economic shifting from west
to east accompany the integration of China and India into the world economy (as cited in Harvey,
2011). The shifting that prompts economic interaction between ... Show more content on
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For example, Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians, National
statement on Asia Literacy in Australian Schools and Australia in the Asian Century White Paper
claim the transformation of the Asian region into the economic central and the sustained actions that
both schools and students should undertake (Ministerial Council on Educaion, Employment,
Training and Youth Affairs, 2008; Asia Education Foundation [AEF], 2011; Australian Government,
2012). Back to last century, the trend of Asia being economic central and the essential need of 'the
study of Asia and its language for national survival in an intensely competitive world' have been
acknowledged by Asian Studies Council (1988). In 2006, National Statement for Engaging Young
Australians with Asia in Australian Schools draws elements that Australian students are required for
developing the understanding in Asian countries, in which both schools and parents play a key role
(Department of Education, Science and Training). Furthermore, AEF (n.d.) provides numerous
school programmes, curriculum resources and networks to support the achievement of Asia literacy
for all students in Australian schools. Generally speaking, Australian government commissioned the
policies to plan and shape the national future relationship with Asian countries through encouraging

Broken Hill Case Study
Advertising brief: Visit Broken Hill
Advertising Brief
Broken Hill
Broken Hill, an isolated mining town located in the far west of New South Wales, 511 kilometers
west of Sydney 1160 kilometers west of Adelaide. It's harsh and rugged, semi–desert climate has,
since its settlement in 1883, so it is mainly used for economic activities and transport logistics
location, take full advantage of rich mineral resources and development of Broken Hill, to support
its railway infrastructure.
It has not been until the reduction in Broken Hill mining activities, tourism has become a subsidiary
of industry in the area, the focus of Australia's Broken Hill history, inland / adventure aspects of the
natural environment offers, galleries contribution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An important question is whether gender differences affected the processing and evaluation of
marketing communications. Comparative advertising to encourage a higher level of brand
evaluation among participants, but not in women. Conversely, for women, attention –gaining
compare appealed encourage relevant ads manipulation intention inference. In the process leading to
these gender differences to evaluate the results. For men, the appeal results in a more favorable
comparative advertising and brand evaluation and higher purchase intention. For women, by
contrast manipulation intention to bring the appeal has had a negative view of increased advertising
and brand evaluation, and to reduce the purchase intention. Thus gender plays in response to certain
types of attraction while in another reaction is not very significant role.
Legal and ethical requirements:
The AFA supports the advertising policies for children, including legislation (mainly trade practices)
and regulatory measures, such as commercial television industry codes and standards in children's
television, in addition to local adaptation, based on a strong self–regulatory system Department of
Commerce International Chamber of Commerce ( ICC) code, which includes specific provisions on
children's advertising.
Australian Communications and Media Authority

Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA), in charge of broadcasting, radio
communications, telecommunications and online content regulation. It included in the Internet,
radio, television, telephone and license consumer and industry

Globalisation
Edward Said states, "No one today is purely one thing. Labels like Indian, or woman, or Muslim, or
American are no more than starting points." Said's idea illustrates the evolution of relations between
communities as a result of globalization, and the understanding and recognition of other cultures
through the interpretation of cultural borders.
In this essay I will analyse to what extent globalisation is affecting identity formation, and also the
roles of cultural borders in today's world. I will assess whether through globalisation of the media
we are in fact overcoming cultural borders and traditional stereotypes and in turn forging a mutual
respect between foreign communities, or as Said argues (Said cited in Crary & ... Show more
Archival accounts of the continuous race hatred directed against coloured people in
Australia...reveal the sexual and other preoccupations that occupied those white minds from which
such fantasies emanated (p. 43)
Australians wanted little to do with Asia, and besides those who wanted to "expand the Western
Sphere of influence in the region" (Rizvi 1996, p.175), few Australians traveled to Asia. Asian
people were essentially defined by their race, and by their embodiment of not being European.
It is with these historical perceptions in mind that Said's statement holds extreme worth. Said could
be seen as acknowledging past stereotypical labels enforced on Asian people, and dismissing these
labels in today's world, implying that something has changed to make these labels "no more than
starting points". Relating this to Australia/Asia, we note that Australians previously judged Asians
purely and solely on racial grounds: "Race became a key explanatory factor not only in academic
anthropology, but more importantly in the popular imagination of Australians." (Rizvi 1996, p. 175).
Cultural confusion and an unwillingness to appreciate local customs and values gave birth to a
contempt for local culture. Local people were simply seen as 'other', and "non–European people
needed to be tamed or civilised, made 'normal'" (Rizvi 1996, p.175).
Whereas before people of different

What Is The Role Of Chinese Migration To Australia?
Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous urban city in Australia. It is
located on Australia's south, east coast along the Tasman Sea. To the east of Sydney you will find the
basin bordered by the Pacific Ocean. To the west is the Blue Mountains region in New South Wales.
North of Sydney you will find the Hawkesbury River. South of Sydney is the Woronora Plateau. To
see more information on Sydney's location, see Image 1 below. Sydney is located on a submerging
coastline, meaning the ocean level has risen and is flooding deep river valleys carved out in
sandstone. There are more than seventy harbors and ocean beaches in Sydney including the famous
Bondi Bay (Australian Government 2008). According to the ... Show more content on
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Image 1: Seek Sydney: The Gateway to Australia. "Sydney Area Map." Last Modified April 24,
2014. http://www.seeksydney.com/map–of–sydney Migration Patterns
Since the early nineteenth century, Chinese migration to Australia has played a big role in the
economic and political development of Australia (Inglis 2012). According to their 2011 census, the
rapid growth in migration is evident (Inglis 2012). In 2011, Australia's long–term resident
population increased over five years by 8.3% to 21,507,717 people (Inglis 2012). Surprisingly, even
more rapid has been the growth in numbers involving the Chinese population. Of about 319,000,
those born in China were 1.5% of Sydney's total population (Inglis 2012). This ranked them as the
third largest foreign born group in Sydeny, ranking behind only those born in England 4.2% and
New Zealand 2.2% (Inglis 2012). Although this ranking has been unchanged since 2006, the
numbers of those born in China has increased rapidly by 50% over this five year period (Inglis
2012).
Languages
With connection to the increase in migration from China, the importance of Chinese languages in
Australia is growing as well. Mandarin which is spoken by 1.6% of the population, about 336,410
people, at home has now taken place of Italian as the most important language other than English in
Australia (Inglis 2012). Christine Inglis (2012) found from the perspective of Sydney's

Connection To Australian Communities
Jesse Sheals, Parklands High School TAS.
Bring the community connection back to life. In every town, in every city from the West Coast of
Tasmania to Arnhem in the Northern Territory. Every Australian is part of many broad communities.
But why would I write about bringing the Australian community back to life you may ask. Here is
my answer, I grew up in a small town on the West Coast of Tasmania, our community was strong,
our community was fun, nevertheless, we always had something to do around the town, but now that
community and many other communities have slowly died with major need of revival for Australia's
youth and families across our pristine country.
Our communities need a shakeup to give our local youth and families the best chance in life.
Currently, the communities have lost contact with the people causing fewer opportunities within
local areas and leaving Australia's youth jaded with few options to make the utmost of their
childhood. I believe it is important for communities to be in contact with each other to reconnect and
create a range of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But currently, there aren't many events locally for the youth of Australia due to lack of community
engagement. If a special committee of locals could come together to reconnect our communities, we
would be able to address our concerns and recommend to the committee that our community is
lacking in events for our youth around Australian cities and towns. As the committee gains
knowledge about the problems within our community they would be able to use the advice
accordingly to work closely with local governments, schools, and corporations to share the
community's vision so they can create more opportunities while providing support, commitment,
and focus on making a better future for the Australian

Causes Of Immigration To Australia
India continues to be the major source of immigrants to Australia Australia can be next destination
for active Indian diaspora on the lines of USA, Canada and UK. India has the second highest
number of immigrants in the world. As per the reports, it has been reported that there are more than
11.4 million Indians moving abroad. India provides a number of services to the Indians who are
living abroad. As per the Ministry Of Overseas Indian Affair, international migration is important
impacting on economic relations between the developed and developing countries. India has also
taken in more than 5.4 million immigrants in 2010 according to the reports submitted by the World
Bank. According to the Australian Bureau of Statics, India was the

Creative Story : A Short Story
Adam dashed through the forest, dodging branches and thorns as some of them brushed his clothes
and tore at his flesh. He didn't care, he could heal cuts, you can't heal a corpse, however, and so he
just kept on running. His legs hurt like they had a fire in them, burning him from the inside out, but
he couldn't feel it as the drumming in his head and the pounding of a chase was all he could hear. He
leaped over a fallen tree, careful of the precious bundle in his arms. He could hear the shouts and
gunfire of the pistols close behind. He knew it was life or death. A bullet soared by grazing his
shoulder. He clenched in agony, but could not stop. Everything was a blur, he came up to the edge of
the light, seeing his death behind him and their short lived lives in their minds. He took one last look
at her beautiful face, and jumped into the gorge, praying for them to have a quick death. Adam stood
there in pure darkness, and as he stood there not seeing, feeling, or hearing. He had only the sense of
knowing, almost like he was in a dream. He could not see anything but black and little specks of
royal blue and faded ivory. As his senses failed him, however, he could tell that he was not in a
room, he was aware of where he wasn't. He knew he was in the gorge, the valley, his almost death.
He knew he was still clutching onto the only thing he had left to love. He had to wake up for that
reason, he had to wake up for her. With all the strength he could muster, he pried his heavy

Montara Oil And Gas Field
MONTARA OIL SPILL
Description of an Issue
The Montara oil and gas field is located in the northern territory in the west of Darwin in the Timor
Sea, off northern Australia. In August 2009, the Montara development project adversely affected as
PTTEP (PTT Exploration and Production Public Company) reported oil and gas spills at a drilling
well in the Montara field. The spill was the result of a blowout in the Montara wellhead platform.
The slick from the blast continued to leak for 74 days until it was contained in November 3, 2009.
As a result, many issues raised by this Montara Oil spill like Environmental concerns, potential
harm to the humans, wildlife and sea creatures. The safety procedure of the PTTEP AA have and
their compliance with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The concept of justice is concerned with the distribution of the conditions and goods which affect
the well–being of the individual members of a group or community." This means everyone in the
society must aware of the issues of social justice and stewardship of good environmental and
integrate that awareness into with relation to this issue.
Stakeholders and their perspectives over the issue
There are a number of different stakeholders, who are quite concerned about the Montara oil spill
issue. Different stakeholders are affected differently because of the oil spill in the sea. They have
positive or negative perspective on this issue of oil spill in the water and its impact over the society
and the environment. The discussion below describes the different stakeholders with their
perspective.
The Oil Company
According to the Oil Company 's perspective, their emergency response and activities carried out
professionally. They saved 69 people on the board and safely evacuated and transported to Darwin.
PTTEP AA volunteered for the cleanup cost pays for the first few days all expenses. The company is
also paying for a long term environmental monitoring program under a separate agreement with the
Australian Government. Immediately after

Assessment 2 Essay
Indigenous Education & Perspectives
Assessment 2: Essay
Topic: The Stolen Generations
ELA: Angela Perry
Written By: Samantha Morrison
Student Number: 100169529
WARNING: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers are warned that the following assessment
may contain images and names of deceased persons.
This essay will define and discuss the event of the Stolen Generations. It will analyse the nature of
the affects and impacts of the event on Indigenous Australians, reflect on the relevance of educators
having an understanding of this historical event and lastly will discuss how the event undermines
and supports the use of Indigenous language.
The 'Stolen Generations' is a term used to describe the actions of ... Show more content on
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Reasons for not coming forward vary such as shame, confusion, the sense no one cares or
understands, lack of awareness by family and friends and also some people find it hard opening up
old wounds and prefer not to dredge up the past (Davenport–West, 2009). Many children who were
taken experienced physical and sexual abuse by the hands of their caregivers; this can cause
members to have psychological issues and because of the trauma of these experiences may prevent
them from coming forward (Davenport–West, 2009). "The impacts of abuse on a child depends on a
range of factors such as the type of the abuse, the severity of the abuse, the relationship of the child
to the abuser/s, the child 's family environment and their relationship with their parents or other
caregivers, and whether the child has previous experiences of abuse, or a history of support, care
and love" (Asca.org.au, n.d.). Psychological effects are common in adulthood for children who have
been abused and the most common conditions are depression, anxiety and increase in violence and
rage. Indigenous people who are victims of 'The Stolen Generations' can fall prey to these effects
(Asca.org.au, n.d.). Individual records were not accurately kept; especially for Aboriginal children
many members of the Stolen Generations have missing, disjointed or incomplete records such as
birth certificates, parents' marriage certificates, adoption papers and other government

Report on Auditing Issues of West Point Group of...
Report on Auditing Issues of West Point Group of Industries
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction
3. Discussion
4. Audit Issues in the audit of West Point by KPMG
i. Failure to Obtain Audit Evidence ii. Failure to give appropriate audit opinions: iii. Inadequate
Fund Raising iv. Failure to identify solvency of the Company
v. Failure to follow directions of Corporate Authority vi. Expectation Gap
5. ASIC Action against KPMG & West Point
6. Conclusion
7. References
Executive Summary:
West point group of companies was an Australian based company which was carrying on
Property development business throughout Australia. For extending its business, West point
Secured loans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ASIC took action against KPMG and its auditors. ASIC also took civil action against KPMG for
compensation of losses and recovered $67.45 million from KPMG.
INTRODUCTION:
This report is based on the history and collapse of a big Australian giant West Point group of
companies. West point Corporation Pty Ltd was the head company of the western Australia based
West point Group of Companies ("West point Group") which was primarily engaged in property
development and collecting finance for that purpose. In this report, causes of the collapse of the
company specially the role of auditors in the collapse will be discussed. This report doesn't only
throw light on the collapse of West Point group of companies but also look at the conduct of the
auditors of another well reputed auditing firm KPMG which as a consequence of this negligence had
to pay compensation for the damages caused to investors of West Point group of companies. The
reason of choosing West Point group of industries to write a report on is that it involves the conduct
of two big companies and ASIC action against both of the companies.

DISCUSSION:
West point group of companies was an Australian based company which

Advantages Of The West Australian Adversarial System
The West Australian adversarial system was inherited from Britain as a result of colonisation. The
origins of the system itself can be traced back to disputes in medieval times being resolved by
jousting tournaments, presided over by the king . After centuries of progress, the current adversarial
system can be described as "a legal system based on the principle that justice is best served by
allowing competing parties to present their arguments to an impartial third person for adjudication."
While this model is favourable in many ways, there are also weaknesses in its finer details that may
benefit from adaptation or reform. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the alternative system of law,
the inquisitorial system. This system is derived ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Putten murder case is an example of the Dutch inquisitorial system failing due to flexible rules of
evidence . In 1994 two men were sentenced to ten years – of which they had already served seven
when they were released – for the murder of Christel Ambrosius. They were charged and found
guilty because of DNA in semen left on the girl's thigh and in hair found on the girl's body. Initially,
neither sample matched the DNA of the defendants. However, a month later, after a second test, the
expert changed his mind and reported that it "could not be ruled out" that the hair belonged to one of
the suspects. Fibres were found on one of the defendant's trousers which were said to "probably
match" a rug at the scene of the crime. The expert testimony on the pubic hair and the rug was taken
as substantiating . While the outcome of this case was corrected and the defendants were
compensated, this kind of miscarriage of justice would never have happened if the case had been
tried in the adversarial trial process, as the expert's predictions on what had 'likely' happened would
have been discarded as opinion evidence – the forensic expert was not an expert on rugs, and should
have only presented hard, scientific facts

Australian Consumer Law : Exclusion Clauses Essay
Australian Consumer Law: Exclusion Clauses Table of Contents Introduction 3 Sydney City
Council v West 3 Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd 4 Similarities and Differences in the Rulings 4
Relation to Current Australian Legal Position under Australian Consumer Law 5 Conclusion 6
References 8 Introduction As far as the Australian Contract Law goes, it can be said that an
exclusion clause becomes invalid in any contract if it extends its scope in such a way that it avoids
liability for conduct beyond the scope of the contract in any way . This has changed in several ways
over the years. This concept shall be discussed in this paper taking into account two Australian Case
law namely Sydney City Council v West and Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd. upon a discussion
of the cases, the similarities and differences in the rulings shall be analyzed and a relation of these
cases to the current Australian Legal System shall be established. Sydney City Council v West West
arrived in a car park and was thereon given a ticket which contained a clause that disclaimed
responsibility and was found to be worded too widely. It was also stated that unless the ticket is
presented, the car shall not be allowed to be picked up. Subsequently, West 's car was stolen, and the
Council relied on the exclusion clause to refrain from any liability that lay on them. It was held that
to establish the validity of an exclusion clause, one need to look into the matter of construction and
analyze

Australia Should Provide Foreign Aid
GLOBAL LINKS ASSESSMENT TASK
PART A
Some of the main reasons why Australia provides foreign aid is to increase advanced systems and
technology in other countries, decrease poverty, make other countries more stable generally and
financially, etc. Some government and non–government organization like Department of Foreign
Affairs and Trade (DFAT), AusAID, World vision, Red cross, etc. also help provide foreign aid to
other countries. Australia's 10 main focus points and the status of achievement for some of the
following in providing aid to other countries are towards the following:
1. Agriculture
2. Fisheries and water
3. Effective governance institutions, policies, functioning economies, etc.
4. Women and girl empowerment – Not yet achieved
5. Gender equality
6. Health and education
7. Building resilience in social protectiveness, disaster management and risk control, humanitarian
assistance, etc.
8. Infrastructure
9. Trade facilities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All the aid is given mostly to support people living in those countries who are not as fortunate as
Australians and need money to help fund hospital bills, educational bills, to provide clean and safe
water, sanitation and unemployment.
However, the aid has some drawbacks which include some of the policies not being practical and
occasionally being too political which makes the targeted poor people more vulnerable. Also
governments receiving the aid could be partial which can also result in uneven and biased
distribution of the aid which doesn't solve any problems.
If I was to make a change is the Australian Government's role, I would like to make sure that the
Australian government keeps a track and makes sure that the aid provided to the countries is fairly
and evenly distributed towards the targeted

A Sustainable Development
UNCC100 – ASSESSMENT TASK 2
Mazin Aouf
S00168525 – Isra Mobin
Sustainable development has become each country's priority and to effectively achieve this growth
many countries use natural resources in production to comply with the consumers' needs, at the
same time making sure that the future generations' needs are also met (Repetto et al., 1989). Hence
the use of natural resources in production is processed carefully and effectively yet, even with
cautious dealings accidents occur which result in chaos. Similarly the Montara oil spill in 2009
caused chaos in the Timor Sea and its surrounding population immensely. On 21st August 2009
Australia witnessed one of its worst oil disasters, an oil and gas leak that occurred in the Montara oil
field in the Timor Sea. The leak occurred due to an explosion and it finally ended on 3rd November
2009. During the leak and even years after the issue of compensation still hung above the company
PTTEP Australasia (PTTEP AA). In this essay we will explore the incident through the perspectives
of PTTEP AA, the people of West Timor and the marine environment. Henceforth we will come to
the conclusion of how this ongoing issue can be best handled.
The Montara oil spill lasted 74 days and during that time the oil spill effected the an Indonesian
island's population, marine environment and caused reoccurring nightmares for PTTEP AA who
were trying to seal the oil leak. PTTEP AA had the duty to secure the safety of the workers at the oil
rig and

New Guinea Film Analysis
New Guinea is an island in the South West Pacific region. It is located "in the continent of Oceania
and Australia." (Worldatlas, 2015) While European only colonized the western half of the island,
Australian miners explored the east side of the New Guinea island, which named Papua New
Guinea. In 1926, hundreds of Australian came to Papua New Guinea, "the Promised Land," to
search for gold. It was similar to the Gold Rush in the United States. The absence of law led to the
system of "staking claims." (Papua New Guinea Mine Watch, 2012) Australian miners claimed the
ownership of gold and gained the wealth while taking advantage of native New Guinea Highlanders'
resources and labors. The greed and desire of Australian miner indicated the capitalism in the
nineteenth century. In fact, the film, First ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They thought the airplane was a huge bird; they thought the gramophone is a box of ghosts.
Identically, one of the misconceptions is that they believed the white men were the returning spirits
of their ancestors. While the white men washing the dishes by the lake, the natives admitted that
those people were finding their bones. Because in the Native New Guinea Highlanders' culture, they
usually threw the died bones into the lake. This misconception indicated that the highlanders were
ethnocentric. They prejudiced others based on their own culture. The consequences were that they
could not fully understand other's culture and it blocked the road of civilization. For example, the
New Guinea people were very anxious to get trade with Australian miners. They exchanged pigs for
knives, axes, and shells. However, because of their ethnocentrism, they did not know what were the
white men looking for, what is gold, and what is its value. It was particularly ironic that they even
encouraged their wives to go to white men to gain "good things," like

Evaluation Of A Early Childhood Children
Section one: Excursion Reports
1.0 Introduction
Early childhood children are curious learners and are willing to take part in a variety of different
learning experiences. In early years education, students must develop a better understanding towards
history, geography and civics and citizenship (Australian Curriculum and Assessment Reporting
Authority [ACARA], 2016, para 1). Learning experiences can take part by participating in
incursions, which are based in the classroom or participating in an excursion allowing children to go
out into their local community. The following report identifies two local areas in the community,
including Lesmurdie Falls and Kalamunda history village. These locations assist students to build on
their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1). This is referred to as Lesmurdie Falls and Lion's Lookout on the signage and can cause some
confusion. Following the signs will direct you to an amazing lookout where the city and waterfall
can be seen. Along the way, there are arrows showing you which way to travel. The ground is flat
some of the way, however, there is stepper areas with a handrail supplied for safety. Students can
explore their surroundings by walking through beautiful vegetation, which includes native plants.
Birds can also be seen flying over the beautiful bushlands. Lion's Lookout is a secure platform with
railing the whole way around and a seating area. Here the city can be seen in the distance and to the
right students can view the top of the waterfall. Rottnest Island can also be seen from the lookout,
however, may depend on the weather. Lion's Lookout allows students to view the waterfall from the
top of the fall watching the water rush down to the bottom of the falls while taking in the beautiful
natural environment.
The cascade trail is 300 metres return to the public toilets and picnic area. The path is wider,
however, is very uneven with some slopes along the way. Here students can see the waterfall by
using their senses. They can touch, hear and see the water as it continues along the trail. This trail is
much shorter and allows students to take in their natural surroundings.
2.2

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