Tonalin Cla Research Paper

Tonalin Cla Research Paper
To understand the true benefits of Tonalin CLA, we must also unlock the mysteries behind CLA
itself. To do this, we have gathered below some of the most common questions asked about using
Tonalin CLA as a CLA supplement. 1. What is CLA? CLA stands for "conjugated linoleic acid". It is
a fatty acid known for promoting good health. This was first identified by Dr. Michael Pariza in
1978 while he was studying beef extract as a cancer prevention. What he found instead provoked a
surge of research and scientific studies into the benefits of CLA as a fat reducer. After looking at
decades of research scientists have found that CLA may in fact help the body to deposit less fat,
build more muscle and may even help prevent fat cells from refilling. ... Show more content on
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It is actually found in some of the foods we eat. Dairy and beef products are one of the biggest
natural sources of CLA. However, diets have changed over the years and on the whole, we are
naturally consuming much less CLA than we used to. Because of this, many are looking to CLA
supplement their diets. This is easy to do now that scientists have developed a proprietary process
which can convert the linoleic acid of pure safflower oil into CLA. This makes it easy to add a CLA
supplement into your diet by taking the recommended daily dose either in capsule or liquid form. 4.
What is Tonalin CLA? Tonalin CLA has been clinically tested and is said to be the most researched,
highest quality CLA supplement as well as the most effective for both health and dietary benefits. It
does not contain any natural or artificial stimulants. Nor does it contain any natural or artificial
ephedra. These factors and more have made Tonalin CLA an ever increasingly popular CLA
supplement within the weight loss industry. As with any dietary supplement however, including
Tonalin CLA, you should always consult your physician first and follow the manufacturer's
instructions for taking the recommended daily dose. 5. Are there any side effects of Tonalin
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Theme Of Power In The Hunger Games
"Taking the kids from our districts and forcing them to kill one another while we watch." This is a
perfect example of the capitols total and complete control. It shows just how much power the capitol
has and how little the districts have. The Hunger games by suzanne collins shows how everyone can
show power. Through the capitol, Katniss, Cato, and Clove. Finally, let's get onto the next point. In
the Hunger Games, Katniss shows power in a lot of different ways. For example, the most
prominent example is at the end with the berries. That's by far the not the only example. Another
example is with rue and the flowers, and also hunting outside of district 12. The berries show
rebellion in the the fact that the capitol has to have a victor. Also

Lab 10: Isolation of Identification of the Major...
Chem 253 – Organic Chemistry I
Lab 10: Isolation of Identification of the major constituent of clove oil
3/15/2012
Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to isolate the cove oil from ground cloves and determine the
identity of the major constituent that is known to have the molecular formula C10H12O2 through IR
spectrometry.
Theory:
Many people search for alternative ways to treat illnesses other than the conventional use of drugs
and surgery. These alternative ways include aromatherapy, naturopathy, and homeopathy.
Aromatherapy uses essential oils to treat the illness. Naturopathy is a system of treating diseases
through using essential oils to treat the illness. Naturopathy is a system of treating diseases through
using a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the separation of a minor component, the addition of HCl to the NaOH layer created the
mixture to be a little cloudy but then it became clear again.
Discussion/Conclusion:
Everything went according to plan in this lab. The steam distillation actually went well overall and
we had a successful system. Through the analysis of the IR spectrum, it can be seen that the
unknown constituent of the major constituent contained a O–H–N–H stretch, Phenol ring and
C7H16. Reading peaks was a little iffy, because some peaks were hard to read or interpret. Through
using figure 10.1 on page 110, I came to the conclusion that the structure of the major constituent is:
Exercises 1. Derive a systematic name for the active component of clove oil, and use this to find its
common name in The Merck Index or another reference book.
Systematic name: (E)–4,11,11–trimethyl–8–methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec–4–ene.
Common name: eugenol
6. A. Clove oil also contains a small amount of a substance whose systematic name is (E)–4,11,11–
trimethyl–8–methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec–4–ene. Write the structure of this compound and find its
common name it The Merck Index or another reference book.
7. Following the format in Appendix V, construct a flow diagram for this experiment. If you
followed the standard–scale procedure, show how the active component is separated from the solid
part of the cloves and the component mentioned in exercise 3.
Fresh Cloves

Essay On Canarium
1.0 Introduction
Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. (Burseraceae) is a large tropical tree widely distributed in East,
Central, and West Africa. A mature tree reaches a height of 45–57 m with a straight cylindrical bole
up to 27 m with a trunk diameters of 1.2 to 1.5 m over a slight buttress root (Mbagwu et al., 2008).
The tree is cultivated for its fruits which are edible and produce oil which is harvested on a large
scale in West Africa. The oil from the resin is also used in perfumery and medicines due to its
lavender like smell. In Uganda, the resin from the tree is usually burnt to produce incense for
ceremonial purposes(Ssegawa and Kasenene, 2007). The stem and bark are used to treat coughs,
venereal diseases and exudates (Ngbede et al., ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So far, no work has been done on the use of Canarium oil.
The resin of Canarium contains a high percentage of essential oils with known antioxidant and
antifungal properties (Koudou et al., 2005; Obame et al., 2007). Therefore, we were interested if the
essential oil could be used as a protective agent against termites as well. Furthermore, location and
climatic conditions have an effect on the growth of a tree and its production of resin and essential
oils. Therefore we wanted to establish if the oil from Uganda contains the same components as the
oils obtained from other parts of Africa.
In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from the resin of Ugandan Canarium was
determined, and its anti–termitic activity was established.
2. Experimental procedures
2.1 Plant materials
The resin of Canarium schweinfurthii was harvested from the bark of a mature tree in Sango bay
and stored in a freezer. Termites used in the assay were Macrotermes bellicosus as these have been
found to be the most destructive to wood and timber. Termites above the third instar were used.
2.2 Isolation of essential oils
The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation of the resin (50g) for 4 hours. The oil obtained
was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and kept in amber coloured bottles at 4 oC prior to
analysis.
2.3 GC–MS analysis
The essential was analysed on an Agilent GC 6890N/MSD 5973B with a fused

Synthesis Of Eugenol From Cloves Lab Report
Extracting Eugenol from Cloves
UAHuntsville CH331 Lab 7
Figure 1: Photo of Thin–Layer Chromatography using a beaker to hold the solvent. Photo by: Emily
Olsen
Emily Olsen
September 7, 2015
September 28, 2015
Abstract:
Eugenol was extracted from cloves using several different laboratory techniques. The three products
compared were crude oil, eugenol, and eugenol acetate. The method of comparison for these
molecules was thin–layer chromatography (TLC), and will be discussed throughout the paper. Using
TLC, there was a clear distinction between the three products and the techniques demonstrated in
this lab proved to be successful in extracting these products. The experiment's results showed Rf
values lower than expected, and the percent yield of eugenol acetate was 173% while the percent
yield of eugenol was 38%.
Introduction:
Eugenol is part of an essential oil from cloves, but it can also be found in cinnamon, nutmeg, basil,
and bay leaves. Eugenol itself has several uses, including anti–inflammatory, anti–microbial,
cardiovascular, analgesic, anesthetic, and anti–bacterial uses. In a study done in India, eugenol from
cloves was added to cigarettes from both Indian and American brands and exposed to rats. At the
end of the study, it was shown that the rats who inhaled the smoke with the eugenol experienced less
inflammation in their lungs compared to those without the eugenol (Roemer et al., 2014). The
essential oils containing eugenol have also shown extensive

Summary Of The Synthesis Of Eugenol From Cloves
The main objective of the lab work done was the extraction of eugenol from cloves, after which a
calculation of the the percentage recovery of it is researched, and to the running of an IR in order to
analyze the purity of the lab sample. Eugenol is the byproduct of the oil extract from cloves. This
produced oil consists of mostly eugenol and acetyleugenol. In medical purposes, the oil could be
used as a dental anesthetic. It is also one of the best over the counter cure for a toothache. (Kluger,
2016) Dentists use it as an antiseptic and anti–inflammatory weapon agains dental pain for patients,
as well as to kill germs. Because some research shows that eugenol is a good weapon against
bacteria and other harmful dental threats, Eugenol is often

Personal Narrative-Anastazie And The Clove Girl
Anastazie's cherry red lipstick smelled of clove cigarettes and cheap cologne. Her lips tasted spicy
as I pressed mine into her's. I missed that spicy taste, the taste of Libena; her deep blue shirtwaist
dress painted with a surge of electric crimson. Back when she was alive, a long clove cigarette
always hung between her slightly gapped teeth as she spoke, then she would effortlessly pull back to
produce a thick puff of smoke. She was from a small town slightly east of Potsdam; orphaned after
her parents were heard for war crimes. They held American ideals, ones of libertarianism, and that
was not acceptable in the east. She couldn't stay Potsdam due to the memories of her family, and her
family's store was quickly bankrupt thanks to the rations.
We first met at the grandiose train station in southern Prague. Her deep crimson lips were twisted
around a clove cigarette and her shoulders trembling under a ratted light blue shaw. Her beauty
made me need to speak to her, and she told me she had no place to stay in the city. After some
convincing on my part, I took her with me to my small apartment. She was a great conversationalist
and had the ability to entertain me for hours upon hours. I fell deeply in love with her, then when I
confessed this she said she felt the same. I married her and had a child. ... Show more content on
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Then, her heart rate sped up and her chart went high. She convulsed, screamed, and begged for help.
I yelled for the doctors, but they never came to help. I grabbed the defibrillator off the wall, and for
a second her pink lips opened into a scream. I smiled, thinking she would be okay. Then, she
collapsed back onto the bed and never got up. When I see the demon child I have mixed feelings.
Her hair frames her face like Libena, she smokes the same clove cigarettes, she wears the same deep
red lipstick, and she kisses with the same furor. As she presses into me now, I feel like I'm kissing
Libena

The Effect Of Modern Medicine On Health, Wellness, And...
As interest in natural means to improved health, wellness and fitness grows, essential oils are
gaining in popularity in the United States. The healing powers, on both physiological and
psychological levels, have been utilized in Europe and the rest of the world for some time. Natural,
pure essential oils used in aromatherapy have a very diverse range of healing properties – as diverse
as the hundreds of plants from which they are distilled. The effects range from antibiotic (without
incurrence of resistance as with pharmaceutical drugs), to antiviral (the power of which modern
medicine has yet to replicate), to anti–inflammatory and analgesic, with many having 'homeostatic '
properties – meaning they support balance in many of the body 's systems.
Here 's brief look at ten essential oils commonly used in the home health care kit – the list and
descriptions are not meant to be exhaustive; rather, let them stimulate your interest in furthering
your knowledge of these oils, their applications, and the vast potential of the many, many other
essential oils available today.
Tea Tree Essential Oil – When first examined for it 's antiseptic properties, Tea Tree essential oil was
found to be 100 times more powerful than carbolic acid – the medical standard at the time. Tea tree
has an extremely broad range of antibiotic, antiviral and antifungal properties that have been
confirmed by modern scientific research. Often used topically on small wounds, Tea

Lab Report : Steam Distillation
Introduction:
Steam distillation is a process used often in chemistry to extract a particular component of a mixture
at a temperature above the temperature where the substance starts to degrade. As a homogeneous
mixture is cooled while being exposed to a component in gaseous form, the partial pressures of the
parts (hypothetical pressure of a gas if it had the same volume as the total volume at the same
temperature) increases over time. Extraction can occur when the sum of the partial pressures is
greater than the atmospheric pressure. Two qualitative tests are conducted in this lab: one with
KMnO4 and another using FeCl3. KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) is able to oxidize a double
bond forming a 1,2–diol at room temperature. This tests for a presence of a double bond and a
positive test is a color change from purple to brown. FeCl3 (iron (III) chloride) reacts with phenols,
forming into chemical complexes with different colors. This tests for a presence of a phenol group
and a positive test is a color change from yellow to blue, green, red, or purple. Eugenol, or clove oil,
has a double bound with a phenol group attached to it so when tested with potassium permanganate
and iron (III) chloride, positive results should occur. These tests will help check if eugenol was
successfully extracted. The purpose of this experiment is to isolate clove oil from freshly ground
cloves by steam distillation and then analyze the clove oil with the two tests described above.
Materials

Katniss Girl Tribute Essay
Katniss Everdeen is the girl tribute from District 12. She is 16 and lives in the dirtier part of town
called the Seam. On the reaping day her younger sister Primrose was chosen to be the girl tribute, so
Katniss volunteered to take her place. Katniss has many skills like being able to use the bow and
arrow very well and being able to identify plants. In the games, Katniss forms and alliance with Rue
(the girl tribute from District 11). Katniss killed Glimmer by cutting a tracker jacker nest onto her
head and killed Cato and Marvel with her bow and arrow. Katniss gets sponsors by playing up the
romance with Peeta (the boy tribute from District 12). In the end, Katniss and Peeta become the
victors. Peeta Mellark is the boy tribute from District 12. Peeta lives in the merchant area of District
12 because his family are bakers. He has two brothers. His life was not perfect because although he
had a kind father, his mother was very mean and would beat Peeta and his brothers if they made any
mistakes. Ever since Peeta was five, he had a huge crush on Katniss. When Peeta is chosen, Katniss
immediately remembers him from when her family was on the verge of starvation and he purposely
burnt bread to give to her. Peeta's skills are camouflage and ... Show more content on
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She was 17 years old and was part of the career pack. She was very sneaky because her token which
was a gemstone ring, when twisted, revealed a poisonous spike. The ring was confiscated.
Glimmer's weapon of choice was the bow and arrow. Glimmer killed three tributes, the District 6
girl, the boy from District 5 and the District 8 girl. Glimmer almost dies when the boy from District
6 pins her down, but Cato kills him. When she and her fellow careers found Katniss in a tree they
decided to wait until the next morning to kill her. While the careers are sleeping, Rue tells Katniss to
cut off the Tracker Jacker nest on the careers. The nest falls onto Glimmer and she gets stung to

Benefits And Treatments Of Toothache Remedy
How to get rid of toothache naturally Toothache starts when the central part of the tooth becomes
inflamed or swollen. The central region of the tooth has sensitive nerves, which become irritated or
inflamed because of several reasons. If you are suffering from a toothache, it is imperative on your
part to consult a dentist before it worsens. You can also try natural remedies to alleviate pain that do
not have any kind of negative effects. Here are a couple of natural remedies to treat toothache
naturally at home. Salt and Pepper When you mix pepper and salt together, it becomes a powerful
combination to relieve toothache temporarily. Both the ingredients have anti–inflammatory,
analgesic and antibacterial properties. Take equal amount ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
When you have a toothache, chew raw onion and within minutes, you will feel relief in the pain. If
you cannot chew it, then keep it directly on the affected tooth. Asafetida You can treat simple dental
problems like bleeding gums and toothache using asafetida. Take 1/2 teaspoon of asafetida powder
and 2 teaspoons of lemon juice; mix it together. Warm this mixture slightly and apply on the affected
tooth. This simple home remedy will give you instant relief from pain. You can fry asafetida in
clarified butter and put this mixture in the tooth cavity. You will get quick relief from pain. Warm
Water with Salt Do you know that a glass of warm water with salt will decrease your toothache?
Take 1/2 teaspoon of table salt and mix it in a glass of hot water. Use this solution to clean your
mouth thoroughly. It will decrease the swelling of the affected area and salt will fight the bacteria
responsible for causing infection. Guava Leaves Fresh guava leaves are also good in decreasing
toothache because of its analgesic and anti–inflammatory properties. They also have antimicrobial
properties to fight the bacterial infection. Take to 2–3 tender guava leaves and chew them. Keep the
chewed leaves on the affected tooth and soon you will find the difference in the pain. For relieving
toothache, you can also use the raw spinach in the same way. You can make you powerful remedy
by boiling five guava leaves in

The Relationship Between Cato And Clove
Cato is going to kill you when he finds out what happened. After all you two went through, he still
has his issues. Add the fact that Clove hates your District Three guts, and you have a serious
problem, all centered around you. So the easy thing would be just to kill yourself before Cato finds
out that your mines backfired (and destroyed almost all the supplies) and tortures you, like any
sensible Career would. But the relationship between you and Cato is definitely not sensible... and
the rest of the pack knows it, from the second you got accepted. Not because of your skills in
technology – heck, you barely know how many bytes are in a giga – but more possibly towards
Cato's clear attraction towards you. To be truthful, you weren't

Streptoccus Mutans And Cavities
Cavities occur because dental plaque, a biofilm (Lackie, 2010), primarily made of Streptococcus
mutans, produces acids from foods containing starches and sugars. These acids cause tooth decay,
and if the acids are frequently present on the teeth, mineral loss on the tooth enamel can result,
which is detrimental (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [NIDCR], 2013).
According to the CDC, cavities occur four times more frequently than asthma does in teens ages 14
to 17 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). In addition, almost 93 percent of
seniors age 75 and older had dental caries, or cavities from 1999 to 2004 (Dye, 2007). Streptococcus
mutans is the bacteria primarily responsible for cavities. These ... Show more content on
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Serratia marcescens also causes ailments such as urinary tract infections, infections plaguing the
eyes and lungs, and infections in the bloodstream in a variety of organisms, including humans,
insects, plants, and animals (Ray, Shenoy, Orihuela, & González‑Juarbe, 2017). Like Streptococcus
mutans, it causes infective endocarditis (Hejazi & Falkiner, 1997), an infection of the inner linings
of the heart's chambers (American Heart Association, 2017). Serratia marcescens is described as
being nosocomial, meaning it arises in hospital settings, and it is well–known for causing infections
in hospitals; it also thrives in conditions containing starch, including food (Hejazi & Falkiner, 1997).
Additionally, this bacterium can thrive in harsh conditions and resists normal aseptic measures,
making it a challenge to combat (Barbosa, Irino, Carbonell, & Mayer, 2006). The antimicrobials
used in this experiment include curcumin and clove. In this experiment, I investigated the antiseptic
uses of curcumin, but it also has a variety of other uses in the areas of cooking and cosmetics
(Nawaz et al., 2011). Song, Choi, Jin, Yoon, & Choi (2012) found that curcumin inhibited the
adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of the human tooth, specifically the root. Research

Kaffir Lime Research Paper
Kaffir lime leaf and clove are the medicinal plants that are widely used in aromatherapy and
aromatic foods. Because kaffir lime leaf essential oil has properties that help to relax, refresh and
antioxidant as well. In the clove oil has properties that help relax the flatulence and help the blood
circulation. Today, we find that consumers pay attention to health. It is found that drinking too much
tea can cause constipation. In addition, we found that when the ancient tea, the smell is very little.
This research is interested in the development of new flavors. It is in the form of an edible oil
storage film. The essential oil is stored as a micro–particle sized. Inserted in the film polymer
structure by means of casting. The purpose is to use

Hemp Oil Research Paper
HEMP OIL Cold pressed hemp oil contains a balance of omega–3, –6 and –9 fatty acids that is ideal
for the human body. It is comprised of 55% percent of linoleic acid or omega–6, 22% of alpha–
linolenic acid or omega–3, and 1–4% of gamma–linolenic acid, which boosts the immune system
and helps relieve a variety of skin conditions. It also contains 80% of essential, unsaturated fatty
acids, which are an important component of cellular membranes and improve their elasticity, the
energy flow between cells and the absorption of nutrients. Cold pressed hemp oil retains the skin's
moisture and helps prevent premature ageing. The oil is very beneficial in alleviating skin conditions
such as eczema, acne, fungal infections, psoriasis, and dermatitis. ... Show more content on
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The obtained oil and hydrosol are a translucent green colour and have a sweet, earthy scent. In
aromatherapy, the essential oil may be used to ease certain emotional problems. The cannabis
hydrosol in cosmetic products improves the skin's microcirculation, narrows the pores and has
antifungal properties. BERGAMOT Bergamot has a fresh, sweet, citrus scent, known to many as the
Earl Grey tea aroma. The bergamot's essential oil is obtained by cold pressing the fruit's peel. For a
safe daily usage in cosmetic products, a highly photosensitive ingredient bergapten must be removed
from the essential oil. Bergamot is often used in perfumes and aromatherapy preparations. It is said
to strengthen confidence and improve moods. In cosmetics, it is praised for its beneficial effect on
oily and problematic skin. It also soothes the scalp, stimulates hair growth and gives hair an extra
shine.

Cinquefoil Herb Recipes
Dream pillow stuffing
4 parts lavender
4 parts wormwood
2 parts chamomile flowers
2 parts mugwort
1 part cinquefoil
1 part elder flowers
1 part linden flowers and leaves
1 part marigold flowers
1 part passionflower
1 part rose petals
1 part rosemary
1 part spearmint
Cinquefoil Herb Recipes
Tea: A medicinal infusion of 1 oz. of the herb to a pint of boiling water. Take 1 cup a day.
Decoction, 1 1/2 oz. of the root, boiled in a quart of water down to a pint.
Also known as "Five Finger Grass", a powerful money drawing effect can be established by mixing
Cinquefoil, Cinnamon, Cloves, and 4 Tonka Beans in a green flannel bag. Carry the bag with you at
all times. Anoint the bag with Money Drawing oil while saying a money drawing prayer each

marketing local brand overseas
Marketing Local Brand Overseas
Executive summary
Importing a clove cigarettes from Indonesia to Russia might be a great idea for me , since the
number of smokers in Russia is he 4th higher compare with another country around the world. It
was also hard to find clove cigarettes outside Indonesia so that's why I believe that the smokers in
Russia will try to buy the clove cigarettes that made from Indonesia.
This report is based on the secondary sources. The sources that I found are from the Internet through
government website. The materials that I found in the Internet are reliable and current.
The data collection methods of the research objectives are containing both qualitative and
quantitative. Most of it are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here in Indonesia we can easily find gudang garam cigarette, since people here are enthusiast with
cigarette they sell it everywhere. We can found it in the small minimarket, supermarket, mall ,and
etc. There are also some posters across the street in Indonesia about gudang garam. Even though the
gudang garam wrote about the disadvantages about smoking but, still the consumer of gudang
garam is the most higher compare to another brand of cigarettes.
Thesis statement
As we know the number of smoking rates in Russia is high, so I believe importing gudang garam
cigarette in Russia will be successful because they have much demand there. This is because they
rarely seen clove cigarette and the climate there are cold, so people are likely to smoke to warm
their selves.
2.0 Methods
This report is based on the secondary sources. The sources that I found are from the Internet through
government website. The materials that I found in the Internet are reliable and current.
The data collection methods of the research objectives are containing both qualitative and
quantitative. Most of it are qualitative because, it contain of graph, table, and it was colorful.
3.0 Findings
PEST Analysis on Russia:

Political: In 1993, after the crisis in the constitution of Russia and with the support from most part of
the population. Russia was officially became the

What Is Clonorchi's Sinensis?
The "common name" of the Clonorchis Sinensis is Chinese Liver Fluke. 3. The Clonorchis Sinensis
looks like the shape of a willow leaf, oval shape with pointed top and bottom. To describe the way it
looks, Compare it to a slug. It has similar shape and look. The males and females look the same as
well. 4. The life cycle of the Clonorchis Sinensis starts as an egg. It is laid in the biliary ducts and
stool. It will then migrate from the snail to free–swimming in water. Then they will migrate to a fish.
Maturation takes about 1 month. The Adults live in the Biliary ducts. 5. The Clonorchis Sinensis
lives in cold, dry climates in the winter and hot, humid climate in the summer. 6. The disease
clonorchis Sinensis causes is Clonorchiasis. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Asia, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and China is where clonorchiasis is Predominantly found. 8.symptoms
of clonorchiasis can be fever, chills, epigastric pains, tender hepatomegaly, mild juandice,
eosinophilia, and occasionally diarrhea. 9. The host of clonorchiasis and clonorchis sinensis starts
with a snail. Then it will be released into free–swimming water where its next host is a fish. Then,
the uncooked fish will be eaten by the next host, a human. 10. A host is most likely to contract
clonorchiasis if it eats raw, uncooked, pickled, or unprocessed fish. The fish is the main host because
the snail will release it, but the human is most at risk of clonorchiasis. Humans are most at risk
because it is going through their digestive system and infecting their whole body. 11. Clonorchiasis
is transmitted from fish to human. It cannot be directly from person to person, but someone can pass
viable eggs to another for up to 30 years. 12. Clonorchiasis can be treated by Parastatic
medication.Three parastatic medications to treat clonorchiasis include Praziquantel, Albendazole,
and

Gas Distillation Lab Report
As the distillate was obtained from the steam distillation, several liquid–liquid extractions with
methylene chloride were performed in separatory funnels to separate the aqueous water layer from
the organic layer. The formation of two distinct layers occurred because the two liquids are
immiscible and will not mix together because of their solubility and density differences. The organic
methylene chloride layer formed the bottom layer, because it is more dense than water forcing the
aqueous water layer to the top. The organic layer at the bottom was dispensed into a flask, leaving
the aqueous layer in the funnel to perform two additional washes. The next extractions were done
using ether and the remaining organic layer liquid from the flask. Ether is less dense than water so
the organic ether layer formed the top layer and the aqueous layer formed at the bottom. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The organic layer was transferred into a smaller flask using a pipette and placed onto a hot plate to
boil out the methylene chloride and ether from the solution to isolate the clove oil. The clove oil was
a slight yellowish color and weighed out to about a gram. The oil that was collected was analysed
using the IR spectrometer. The resulting data obtained from the spectrophotometer was subsequently
analyzed to identify and confirm presence of functional groups. Major functional groups present in
the graph were expected. The groups include the presence of an alcohol, carbon–hydrogen bond,
carbon–carbon double bond and a benzene ring.The GC–2014 Shimadzu gas chromatograph was
used to determine percent composition of oil with eugenol at 61.31% and beta–caryophyllene at
28.21%

Isolation of the Major Component of Clove Oil
Experiment 7– Isolation of the Major Component of Clove Oil
Pre–Lab Questions: 1.) Briefly explain the concept of steam distillation. What is the difference
between a simple distillation and a steam distillation? When a mixture of two immiscible liquids are
distilled it is referred to as codistillation. This process is referred to as steam distillation when one of
the liquids is water. This distillation is used to separate organic liquids from natural products and
reaction mixtures in which the final product results in high boiling residues such as tars, inorganic
salts, and other relatively involatile components. It is useful in isolating volatile oils from various
parts of plants and not useful in the final purification of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Weigh them in a tared weighing dish. My partner ground the cloves the amount of cloves we had
was 5.03 grams. 2.) Assemble an apparatus for steam distillation using a large (250–500ml) boiling
flask and a steam trap, and have your instructor check your apparatus. Apparatus was successfully
assembled. 3.) Combine the ground cloves with 50ml of water in the boiling flask then; steam distill
the mixture to obtain the clove oil. Continue the distillation until a drop or two of the emerging
distillate, collected on a watch glass, is odorless and water–clear; with no oily droplets. 150ml might
need to be distilled before it becomes clear. Vent the steam line or raise the steam inlet tube above
the liquid level in the boiling flask before you turn off the steam. Took about 20–30 minutes for
emerging distillate to drop on watchglass and first few drops seemed clear. But we went ahead and
placed a flask and started collected liquid because the process of distilling 150ml of fluid was taking
quite some time. A sufficient amount of fluid was collected and checked by Professor.
Extraction of Clove Oil After Distillation 1.) Transfer the distillate to separatory funnel. Fluid didn't
seem very clear but sufficient to finish our lab on time. 2.) Add 20ml of dichloromethane, gently
shake to extract, be sure to vent by opening the stop–cock. First extraction successful. 3.) Let

Notes On The Dried Flower Buds Of An Aromatic Tree
Common Names: Cloves, Carophyllus, Clovos, Caryophyllus
Botanical Names: Eugenia caryophyllus, Syzygium aromaticum
INTERNATIONAL NAMES :
Arabic: Kabsh qarunfil, Kabsh qaranful
Bulgarian: Karamfil Chinese: Ding xiang
Dutch: Kruidnagel
Spanish: Clavo, Clavo de olor
French: Giroflier ,Cloude girofle
German: Gewürznelke , Nelke
Greek: Garifalo
Kingdom : Plantae
Phylum : Angiosperms
Order : Myrtales
Family : Myrtaceae
Genus : Syzygium
Species : S. aromaticum
Cloves are the dried flower buds of an aromatic tree are used as a spice in cuisines all over the
world. Cloves are now harvested primarily in Indonesia , Madagascar , Pakistan , Sri Lanka and in
India .Clove is the immature flower bud of the clove plant that is harvested and processed for
culinary and medicinal use. The young bud is pink in color and then darkens to a fiery red, at which
point it is harvested and dried turning a deep reddish brown. The small bud is composed of gums,
tannins and volatile oil .The volatile oil of clove comprised of eugenol (85%), acetyl eugenol,
methyl salicylate(wintergreen oil, found in many plants),pinen and vanillin .
History:
Clove is one of the most ancient and valuable spices of the Orient, with its origin as old as the first
century, before Christ. The ancient Chinese Han dynasty lasting from 207 B.C. to 220 A.D. gives us
our first clue to the use of fragrant clove. Chinese physician of that era wrote that the court visitors
to the Emperor were required to hold clove in

Is It Better To Make Apple Pie Spice?
You will find apple pie spice to be an effective and flavorful ingredient whether you are making an
apple pie from scratch or want added flavor for your French toast. You can use it in your oatmeal or
as a flavoring for mulled cider. While a pre–made blend allows you to add the spices quickly and in
a carefully composed ratio, it is not essential. Quite a few apple pie spice substitutes can deliver a
similar or better result. Your Best Bet: Make Your Own Apple Pie Spice You only need four
ingredients to make an apple pie spice blend that is as good as or better than most pre–made
versions. However, you can add more spices if you wish. The primary four are: Cinnamon Nutmeg
Ginger Allspice To make one 9–inch pie, you can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even with the cloves, pumpkin pie spice is an effective alternative to apple pie spice. Cloves work
well with the other spices in apple pie spice and can be an effective complement for apples. If you
are worried that the clove flavor will be overwhelming or you simply do not like cloves, consider
adding a little extra cinnamon to help mask it. Use the same amount of pumpkin pie spice that your
recipe requires for apple pie spice. In a Pinch: Chinese Five Spice Powder Chinese five spice
powder is an ancient spice blend that typically contains more than just five spices. The spices used
to make it include some of the ones found in apple pie spice like cinnamon, ginger and nutmeg. Star
anise is one of the main flavors in Chinese five spice powder and its pungency pairs well with the
sweetness of apple pie filling. Any savory spices that you might find in a five spice blend like
turmeric or Sichuan pepper will typically not be strong enough to be an issue in your dish; however,
add a little more cinnamon if the flavors are not sweet enough for your taste. Use Chinese five spice
powder exactly as your recipe dictates for apple pie spice. Other

Proper Precedent Under International Law
PROPER PRECEDENT UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
I. INTRODUCTION
"One precedent creates another and they soon accumulate and constitute law. What yesterday was a
fact, today is doctrine (Junius)." The World Trade Organization looks at precedent to determine the
outcome of similar disputes. Based on precedent, the United States – COOL Requirements holding
is proper under the similar Clove Cigarettes dispute. Part II of this essay offers background
information about GATT, the WTO and the TBT agreement. Part III provides information and facts
about the Clove Cigarettes dispute. Part IV provides information and facts about the COOL
Requirements dispute. These facts are then analyzed in part V and the essay is concluded in part VI.
II. GATT, WTO, AND THE TBT AGREEMENT
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ("GATT"), created in 1947, is a multilateral treaty
between many nations. The purpose of GATT 1947 was liberalization of trade. The structure of this
treaty was that there would be ongoing negotiating rounds involving all parties, some of these
rounds having specialized topics.
Numerous side agreements came out of the negotiating rounds. During the Uruguay round, crucial
agreements were made. Several treaties came out of the Uruguay round, the most important of
which was the World Trade Organization ("WTO"). The World Trade Organization is essentially
GATT 1947, the WTO text itself references back to the original treaty. The difference between the
two being that the WTO created

Logan Informative Speech
My sword clanged with my opponents. It had been ten minutes of sword practice and I could tell I
was gaining the upper hand. I was training the new recruit, Logan, for the camp. Camp Zeus was a
camp for children of the Greek god Zeus. There were about two–hundred of us ages ranging from
ten to eighteen. It was located in South Dakota, near camp Mercury, in Iowa. There were camps all
around the United States with children of the gods, including the Roman gods.
I had pinned Logan down with no other options but to give up or get killed, but since it's just
training he gave up. I helped him up and the gong rang for lunch.
"Good job today Logan, you're really improving," I told him.
"Thanks Jess," he responded, "I've learned a lot from you since I came here."
"It's no problem, just doing my job," I smiled at him. Logan had gotten here about five days ago. He
was fifteen, same age as me, and had sky blue eyes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The gods never do. I see the smaller kids look disappointed. " I have come bearing bad news.
Olympus is in need of help. There will be three of the best children from each camp to help with the
battle. Leaders you choose wisely for this will be a difficult task. You must go to the edge of the
Mercurys border, they will know what to do from there." He said with a bit of resent. I guess it was
hard for the gods to say that they needed any help, especially from their own children. The two
youngest ones of the camp Maya and Caleb, twins, go up to Zeus and give him a hug. He looked
shocked for a moment then returned the hug.
"Do well children," with that he left in a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder. We just stood in
silence for a moment staring at the place where our father was.
"Alright everyone, I think we know who should go on this quest" someone in the crowd said. All
eyes looked to me.
"I'll go," I said, "and I choose Clove and Daniel to go with me." Clove was the best lightning maker
and Daniel was the best air

Astonishing Advantages Of Garlic
The soup exhibited in this article battles off colds, influenza, and even norovirus! It is made with 50
cloves of garlic, onions, thyme, and lemon, a powerful mix which murders off any infection that
enters the body.
What makes garlic so powerful in annihilating infections is the strength of allicin, one of its
compound constituents. Perused on to take in more about this substance: The astonishing advantages
of Allicin
As indicated by a late finding from Washington State University, garlic is 100 times more successful
when contrasted with two well known anti–microbials for battling infections bringing about
microorganisms ordinarily in charge of foodborne ailment.
At the point when the garlic is squashed, allin transforms into allicin, a compound which has been
appeared to lower cholesterol and circulatory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Ancient Greeks utilized it for various issues, from curing lung and blood issue to assuaging
creepy crawly nibbles and treating sickness. Roman warriors and mariners were offered garlic to
help their perseverance. In 1858, Louis Pasteur noticed that microscopic organisms kicked the
bucket when presented to garlic. From the Middle Ages on, garlic has been generally used to treat
wounds and keep the spread of disease. At last, the Russians call it penicillin.
As of late, researchers have found that garlic stays generous and robust in a wide range of ways.
Case in point, specialists at the University of Florida found that garlic admission expands the
quantity of T–cells in the circulation system, which are basic for boosting invulnerability and
battling infections.
Pharmacologist at the University of California found that allicin, the dynamic fixing in garlic,
functions as strong contamination executioner. Aside from this, it likewise enhances blood stream
and treats elevated cholesterol and comparative cardiovascular

The Theme Of Seasons And Seasons In The Scarlet Ibis By...
It is impossible to find a family that is problem free and does not go through its ups and downs.
Seasons often marks a progress, here it not only sets the way for Doodles progress of becoming like
a normal boy, but it is used as a way to show the growth of the sibling relationship between the two
brothers. Seasons and weather play an important role in setting the tone and mood of the story. An
example of the motif of seasons and weather is seen in the short story "The Scarlet Ibis" by James
Hurst as doodles progress goes along with each season. This motif is used to develop the
relationship between Doodle and his brother as evident through the clove of seasons, summer, and
storms. dd At the beginning of the story Doodles brother, the narrator, recalls that "It was the clove
of seasons, Summer was dead but autumn had not yet been born"(9). The literal meaning to the
clove of seasons is the in between of seasons but in this story it represents uncertainty for what's
about to happen and an end to happy days. At first the brother was excited to be getting a new
brother and someone to play with and so was the rest of the family to be getting a new addition to
the family. That happiness soon ends when Doodle is born with a head disproportionate to his "tiny
body which was red and shriveled like an old man"(9). Doodles brother calls him a disappointment
and the whole family thinks that he is going to die, except for his aunt Nicey that remains hopeful
throughout. Nobody knows

Pureodent Essay
Goal: Pureoderant
Total Word Count in this Document: 867
Title: Pureoderant
3 fl oz
$14
Natural Pureoderant
With Essential oils + Witch Hazel
To deodorize and kill bacteria
Tab 1 Product DNA
What it is
An all–natural, organic deodorant that keeps you smelling fresh and feeling clean and smooth
without any harsh chemicals or aluminum.
Holistic Benefits
Suited for both men and women, Evoq's top–selling Pureodorant is packed with botanicals to
provide 24–hour protection with harsh parabens, phthalates, or aluminum.
Smell fresh and clean with a concentrated blend of organic essential oils that work to deodorize,
fight off bacteria, and calm irritation, along with organic Aloe. Witch Hazel acts as a softening
astringent while delivering antioxidant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our bodies need to sweat to allow for the release of toxins, and by blocking pores, you remove one
of your body's routes for detoxification. Additionally, it raises the question of where the metals are
going once you roll (or spray) them on.
Research, including one study recently published in the Journal of Applied Toxicology, shows that
aluminum is not only absorbed by your body, but it is deposited in your breast tissue. It can even be
found in nipple aspirate fluid, a fluid that reflects the microenvironment in your breast.
Researchers found that the level of aluminum in nipple aspirate fluid was significantly higher in
women with breast cancer compared to healthy women. These results suggest an indication for
raised levels of aluminum as a biomarker for identification of women at higher risk of developing

breast cancer.
Though often added to non–organic deodorants and antiperspirant, aluminum is one of the worst
metals you can put on your skin, and it may lead to health issues when applied to the body.
The Solution: Focus on Women's Health and Natural

Steam Distillation
Experiment 2: Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves
Background; Readings on Vapor pressure, Raoult's Law from TRO: A mixture of the essential oils,
eugenol and acetyleugenol, will be steam distilled from cloves. These compounds are isolated from
aqueous distillate by extraction into dichloromethane. The dichloromethane solution is shaken with
aqueous sodium hydroxide, which will react with eugenol, to yield the sodium salt of eugenol in the
basic aqueous layer, and acetyleugenol in the organic layer. The basic aqueous layer can be acidified
to re–extract eugenol from it. And the organic layer can be dried and concentrated to yield
acetyleugenol The principle of steam distillation is based ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
To characterize eugenol and acetyleugenol using TLC(Rf values) and Refractive index.
Glassware: Beaker to mass the cloves, Erlenmeyer flasks(2, 50–
‐ml), storage container+ distillation
glassware(there should be an assembly in the fume hood) Procedure: Week 1: Steam Distillation
Place 10 g of whole cloves (ground using a mortar and pestle by the teacher) in a 100–mL round–
bottom flask, add 50 mL of water, and set up an apparatus for simple distillation– steam (will be set
up in the fumehood and you can draw the set up while in the lab) will be generated in situ(50 ml of
water added to the flask will generate the steam). Heat the flask until boiling begins, then reduce the
heat just enough to prevent foam from being carried over into the receiver. Use a 50–mL Erlenmeyer
flask as a receiver(the distillate will collect in the flask thro a funnel)

Clove is a renowned spice which is widely used in cuisines...
Clove is a renowned spice which is widely used in cuisines around the world. The natural end
product of this nail like spice is of dark brown color. The word clove is derived from a Latin word
"clavus" which means "nail". It originates seven thousand and five hundred years BC back. Due to
its unbelievable functions and amazing benefits it can be also called "the wonder spice". A clove
contains an oily compound beneath its hard exterior. This chemical compound "eugenol" is
responsible for most of its miraculous advantages. Clove trees are cultivated in Madagascar only for
medical purposes. Most people are still unaware of its importance, benefits and uses. Ensure limited
intake of cloves must be used in minor amount to avoid side effects ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Clove tea is useful for diabetic patients.
Clove oil is helpful for: o Relieving muscle spasms, as well, so it was used as a natural way to aid in
childbirth for centuries. o Treating skin problems like acne and warts. o Treating insomnia.
3. Cure for Cold and Flu
Essential oils present in clove helps in preventing fever and sore throat. They help in keeping away
germs from the body. Cloves aid in preventing phlegm from the respiratory system. Clove intake
promotes sweating thereby helps in reducing fever. Cloves are often slowly chewed to provide relief
from sore throat and prevent cough.
If some cloves are inserted through a whole orange and left for a while, its effective for flu and chest
related infective diseases.
If some cloves are added to excess amount of water and boil for ten to fifteen minutes. Inhaling the
mixture's fumes is the best cure for flu and cold. These fumes also clear respiratory track from
mucus thus providing relief to the patient and preventing from further severe diseases such as
bronchitis.
4. Digestive spice
Many digestive problems are alleviated with the use of clove. Fats have a long and dense chain of
cholesterol molecules there fore fats digestion is difficult. Clove has contents eugenic acid and
crategolic acid which activates the action of lipids. Lipid is the digestive enzyme of fats digestion in
the stomach. These acids are reducing agents break the long chain of molecules of cholesterol
making it

Hunger Games Analysis
Suzanne Collins' The Hunger Games is a dystopian novel about the adventures of Katniss Everdeen,
who is forced to battle against other children in a fight–to–the–death tournament. Throughout the
novel, Katniss appears to be saved by luck in many near death situations. She is fortunate when her
backpack protects her from a knife and when she chooses a tree with a tracker jacker nest. Many
believe Katniss survives because she has never–ending luck in the arena. This assumption may be
true; however, the other tributes aid Katniss throughout the games. She becomes dependent on other
people to make decisions easier for her. Luck does not play a role in Katniss' survival because the
other tributes actions save her in life–threatening situations.
The first incident where Katniss appears to be lucky is at the start of the games. After the gong rings,
Katniss heads towards the Cornucopia, even though Haymitch tells her not to. She finds an orange
backpack and runs to it. Another tribute also grabs it and he becomes an issue for Katniss. They start
to fight for the backpack and Katniss almost loses the fight until she "see[s] the knife in his back"
(150). The boy is dead and is killed by the girl from District Two, Clove. Katniss quickly realizes
that she is now the next target to die. Eventually, she escapes and runs into the forest where she is
far away from the other tributes. Katniss seems lucky that she gets out of the Cornucopia alive
because the Cornucopia is where most of the tributes die on the first day.
Katniss escapes the Cornucopia not from luck, but because of Clove. When Clove throws the knife
into the boy's back, it gives Katniss an opportunity to grab the pack. Because she kills the boy,
Clove unintentionally gives Katniss the pack that contains survival items. Later on, Katniss uses the
supplies to help her adapt in the arena. Clove's actions also save Katniss from being killed on day
one of the games because the boy Clove killed could have killed Katniss. There is a good chance
Katniss would be dead if Clove did not kill the boy. It is not her bravery, skills, or even luck that
saves Katniss in the early moments of the games; it was Clove's actions that leads to Katniss
surviving the first day of

Garlic Research Paper
The best ways to Grow Garlic From Seed While expanding garlic is simple, there's no certain means
to do so utilizing garlic seed. Garlic Seed Propagation Garlic does not normally established real
seed, and also on those unusual events when it does, garlic seed appears like the tiny, black seeds of
onions. Of program, plants created making use of garlic seed breeding are not most likely to expand
anyhow as well as those couple of that do will certainly take years to create any kind of garlic. For
the a lot of component, garlic is replicated and also expanded from cloves, which are located inside
the bulbils. Garlic seed proliferation depends mostly on the selection made use of as well as the
environment where it is expanded. Hardneck garlic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Use a charitable quantity of compost to assist shield their superficial origins over wintertime. Once
the brand–new development is all set to surface as well as the hazard of cold has actually stopped,
this could be gotten rid of in very early springtime. Throughout its expanding period, garlic calls for
regular watering as well as periodic feeding. Dig up the garlic plants as well as pack them with each
other (regarding 6 to 8 plants) for drying out. While expanding garlic is very easy, there's no certain
means to do so utilizing garlic seed. Garlic Seed Propagation Garlic does not typically established
real seed, and also on those uncommon celebrations when it does, garlic seed appears like the little,
black seeds of onions. Of training course, plants created making use of garlic seed breeding are not
most likely to expand anyhow as well as those couple of that do will certainly take years to create
any kind of garlic. Garlic seed proliferation depends primarily on the selection utilized as well as the
environment where it is expanded. Exactly how to Grow Garlic could be expanded effortlessly, as
well as once more, it is commonly expanded from cloves, not garlic

Isolation And Identification Of Essential Oils
Isolation and Identification of Essential Oils
Lab Report
Name: Lauryn Tonou
Partner's name: Tiffany Keener
Date submitted: 11/02/2015
Introduction
Essential oils are the concentrated extracts of volatile, non–water–soluble aroma compounds from
plants. They are widely used in cleaning products, cosmetic products, and perfumes, also as
flavorings in foods. Essential oils are actually mixtures of organic compounds sample. However, the
purpose of the lab will be to isolate and identify essential oils through steam distillation which is
sometimes used to extract essential products from plants mostly in liquid form.
Steam distillation actually consists of extracting liquid natural products from aromatic plants, seeds,
leaves, bark, flowers, roots and more. The steam passes over the plant and extracts the essential oil.
As the mixture evaporates and passes through the condenser, the vapor from the essential oils is
chilled collected. It can be considered as a heating and spraying method of extraction. There is two
different methods of exercising the distillation: the live steam and the direct method. However, the
direct method was the one used during this experiment, where the sample and the water contained in
a flask are heated and possibly covered in aluminum foil in order to generate the steam inside to be
collected. This distillate now collected contains the oils and water which will be dried and gravity
filtered later on using a small amount of anhydrous sodium

Steam Distillation
Steam Distillation – Clove Oil Abstract: In this experiment, a situ method steam distillation was
performed and essential oils were isolated from cloves. Once the oils were obtained, extraction
techniques were used to extract a crude, eugenol, and acetyleugenol product sample. These samples
were submitted for GC analysis and the normalization area percents were calculated to confirm their
purity; for the crude sample it was 93.95% eugenol and 6.05% acetyleugenol, for the eugenol
sample it was 100% eugenol and 0% acetyleugenol, and for the acetyleugenol sample it was 24.84%
eugenol and 75.16% acetyleugenol. The IR spectrum was also found for the eugenol and
acetyleguenol products, which confirmed their identities; the eugenol sample ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The following procedure used for this experiment was written, compiled, and edited by Jeffery E.
Elbert and Linda S. Paar. 25.0903 g of cloves were obtained and placed in the boiling flask along
with 100 mL of distilled water. The heat was turned on to induce boiling of the water then closely
monitored and turned down as needed to prevent foaming over. The heat was turned off after 54 mL
of distillate (a milky white liquid) was collected and the mantel was lowered to allow the apparatus
to cool. The distillate was transferred to a clean flask. 60 mL of distilled water was then added to the
boiling flask and the heat was turned on again until the water boiled. The heat was turned off again
after 60 mL was distilled over; this was added to the same flask as before for total of 118 mL of
distillate. The flask was corked and the apparatus was disassembled. The distillate sat in a drawer
for 2 days. The distillate was removed from drawer; it had

Blackberry Jam Research
Duck w/ Blackberry Jam and Brandy
Serves: 4
Time: About 47 minutes If you want a rich winter meal, this duck recipe is perfect. It calls for
decadent ingredients like heavy cream, brandy, and blackberry jam. Fruity flavors go excep–
tionally well with duck, while the addition of spices like cloves and allspice help keep things from
being too sweet.
Ingredients:
4 duck leg–and–thigh quarters
2 medium–sized, halved and sliced shallots
1 sliced carrot
1/2 cup brandy
1/4 cup heavy cream
1/4 cup blackberry jam
1/4 cup chicken broth
1 tablespoon olive oil
1 tablespoon butter
1/2 teaspoon dried thyme
1/2 teaspoon ground allspice
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon pepper
1/4 teaspoon ground cloves
Directions:
1. In your cooker, melt

Critical Ad Analysis Essay
Critical Ad Analysis #2: Dr. Clark's Parasite Cleanse The Parasite Cleanse is described as a multi–
step, weekly cleanse designed to wash away a number of ailments with a series of three products:
Cloves, Green Black Walnut Hull Tincture, and Super W Blend Powerful Pathogen Fighter.
According to the information and numerous reviews, it can supposedly treat a wide range of
ailments such as asthma, bloating, constipation, seborrheic dermatitis, and so much more. Also, the
products all together have anti–microbial properties and designed to rid the body of pathogens and
parasites. The bottle of green black walnut hull itself appears to have possible, promising effects on
the body. According to the article "Herbal Treatment for Intestinal Parasites", black walnut hulls are
noted to have certain properties to eliminate worms or parasites. The unripe, green black walnuts
contain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The methodology involved using the plant's flower bud by washing it in sterile water, dried, and
crushed into a powder. Eventually it was converted into an ethanol and methanol extract and
observed for any effects on MRSA strains (Yadav et al., 2011). The results showed that both extracts
had inhibitory effects on various MRSA strains and could have the potential for use as an
antibacterial agent for multidrug resistant strains (Yadav et al., 2011). In some ways the study
suggests that cloves can play a role in treating bacterial infections, but it is possible that converting
it into an ethanol or methanol extract might have improved its effectiveness on MRSA strains. Using
clove capsules to cleanse the body of microorganisms may or may not be as effective since the
concentration of cloves per dose is different from the effectiveness of an ethanol or methanol extract
used as an antibacterial

The Spice Trade
World Thought and Culture January 11,2013 The Spice Trade Book – The Sense of Eden. The spice
trade controlled the world's economy for thousands of years. The spices in Ancient Egypt, the
pyramids contained hieroglyphs demonstrating various uses of spices. Spice trade in the Bible,
Solomon's acquaintance, the Queen of Sheba brought camels laden with spices, around 1900 BC
Joseph's brothers sold him to a roving spice trade caravan. The Value of Spices: Spices were kept
under lock and key. They were used for dowries... They were left in wills... Spices and the crusades.
Before the age of exploration, spices changed hands many times on their way to Europe– Spices
changed hands as many as 100 times and would increase in value as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Styx are real It takes 20 years for a tree to produce any spice. Pepper It is the oldest spice known to
man Was used as negotiable currency Pepper was nearly priceless, pockets of ship hands were sewn
shut In order to keep people from stealing it. Black, green and white. Only found on the island of
Sumatra "Dear as pepper" was a term of endearment. Sir Francis Drake's world voyage topped by
the Spice Islands, where he cleared 4700% profit on the Spices he brought back. In 1603 when the
first English colony anywhere was founded on the Bandanese Island o Run, 10 pounds of Nutmeg
bought for ½ penny sold for as much as 32,000 pennies. Christopher Columbus claimed that he had
found the "Garden of Eden". He threatened to cut out the tongues of his ship hands if they spoke of
the mistake he made (in his navigation). Did discover All Spice. The Barbers were Doctors; they had
the sharpest

Eugenol Research Paper
Antiseptic, anti–inflammatory, calming ... Behind its smell and aspect, clove helps relieve numerous
ailments naturally. 15 RELATED ARTICLES The lime to sleep well ... but not only! 6 The benefits
of music on the brain Fertility, stress, rules ... Which foods do us good? What is the ideal position to
be taken behind his desk? (VIDEO) Its smell is familiar to us because it feels the dentist regularly
(which uses it to its composition of eugenol, an antibacterial) . But it has many health benefits that
we did not even suspect This is an anti–inflammatory and powerful antiseptic It is a very good
anesthetic and can disinfect wounds by its antiseptic! In addition, it is effective against digestive
spasms and liver problems. It relieves toothache

Isolation Of Clove Oil
Isolation of Clove Oil by Steam Distillation
Introduction:
One method used to isolate oils from a material is to use steam distillation. Many organic chemicals
decompose before reaching their boiling point, so normal distillation will not work. However, steam
is used to carry small amounts of these organic chemicals where they can condense and be collected.
This is an important part process in organic chemistry which allows us to extract and test oils. The
purpose of this lab is to isolate eugenol (clove oil) from cloves using steam distillation. The eugenol
is further separated by using a nonpolar solvent in a separation funnel to remove it from the water
and distilling the solvent to leave behind pure eugenol.
Materials and Hazards:
Reagent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Transfer the dried dichloromethane into the round bottom flask using a pipet. Be sure to leave the
magnesium sulfate behind.
Assemble a simple distillation apparatus and remove the solvent. Dichloromethane boils at a
relatively low temperature so not much heat is needed.
Allow the round bottom flask with eugenol in it to cool and record the mass. Subtract the weight of
the round bottom flask to obtain the mass of eugenol.
Dissolve the eugenol in 10 ml of methanol.
Obtain 4 test tubes and add 1 ml of methanol to each test tube. Using a Pasteur pipet, add five drops
of the methanol–clove oil to test tube 3 and ten drops into test tube 4. Gently swirl each tube.
Using a Pasteur pipet, add three drops of 0.05M KMnO4 to test tubes 1 and 3 and add two drops of
1% FeCl3 solution to test tubes 2 and 4. Record your observations.
Results:
The clove oil was tested and confirmed as eugenol by using the Baeyer's test to test for double
bonds and the Ferric Chloride test to test for phenol group. Since cloves are 17% eugenol by weight
and the recovered eugenol was 0.23 grams, this gives a theoretical yield of 67% and a 11.5%

Tonalin Cla Research Paper

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