SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 84
Download to read offline
1Monday, May 20, 13
Viking Accessibility:
The Warrior's Approach to Hands-on Testing
2Monday, May 20, 13
Karl Groves
karl@simplyaccessible.com
@karlgroves
3Monday, May 20, 13
Goals and Objectives
• Understand accessibility testing
techniques
• Understand common challenges by
content type
• Gain hands-on knowledge
4Monday, May 20, 13
Resources
http://examples.simplyaccessible.com/vikinghandson/
5Monday, May 20, 13
Review - Understanding Disability
6Monday, May 20, 13
Visual Impairment
• Blindness
• Partially Sighted
• Low Vision
• Colorblindness
What types of challenges will they have on the web?
7Monday, May 20, 13
Hearing Impairment
• Deafness (one/ both ears)
• Hard of hearing
• High/ low frequency hearing loss
What types of challenges will they have on the web?
8Monday, May 20, 13
Motor Impairment
• Loss of limbs, digits
• Palsy disorders
• Repetitive stress injuries
• Arthritis
• Spinal cord injuries
• more
What types of challenges will they have on the web?
9Monday, May 20, 13
Cognitive Impairment
• Autism
• Brain injury
• Parkinson’s
• Dyslexia
• Alzheimer’s
• more
What types of challenges will they have on the web?
10Monday, May 20, 13
Speech Impairment
• Stuttering
• Muteness
• Dysarthria (resulting from motor control
disorders)
• Articulation & phonemic disorders
What types of challenges will they have on the web?
11Monday, May 20, 13
Principles of Accessibility
12Monday, May 20, 13
P erceivable
O perable
U nderstandable
R obust
Focuses on user needs, not technology.
13Monday, May 20, 13
Assistive Technologies
14Monday, May 20, 13
Screen Readers
• Intercept what is sent to
standard output
• Object info & content rendered
in text to speech
Screen Readers
15Monday, May 20, 13
User needs:
• Keyboard access
• Text alternatives
• Headings
• Logical/ sequential ordering
• Proper labels
Screen Magnification
• Enlarges on screen
content
• Different magnification
modes
• Contrast Modes
• Cursor, pointer
enhancement
http://flickr.com/photos/justinstravels/322408478/
16Monday, May 20, 13
Screen Magnification
http://flickr.com/photos/justinstravels/322408478/
17Monday, May 20, 13
User needs:
• Text alternatives
• Resizable layouts
• Flexible content
18Monday, May 20, 13
Voice Recognition
Accepts user commands to activate
controls and interact with system
Voice Recognition
19Monday, May 20, 13
User Needs:
• Device independence
• Accurate text alternatives
• Accurate labels
20Monday, May 20, 13
Hardware
As diverse as the array of
possible disabilities and
severities thereof
• Body Level One
Body Level Two
Body Level Three
21Monday, May 20, 13
Often Combined
http://flickr.com/photos/kazuhito/132436943/
simplyaccessible.comKarl Groves | @karlgroves
22Monday, May 20, 13
Approaches to Testing
23Monday, May 20, 13
Automated Testing
What is it? Use of tool to access web document and
subject it to predetermined heuristic checks
• Plugins/ Toolbars
• Desktop Apps
• Web Apps
Automated Testing
24Monday, May 20, 13
Pros:
• Unprecedented
efficiency (cost per issue)
• Some issues don’t
require humans
Cons:
• Incomplete coverage
• False positives
• Subjectivity in a11y
• DOM testing
• User interaction
25Monday, May 20, 13
Manual Testing
What is it? Use of hands-on techniques to inspect for
potential failures, possibly by emulating disabled user
scenarios
• Code inspection
• Hardware manipulation
• Software/ Settings manipulation
• AT Testing
Manual Testing
26Monday, May 20, 13
Pros:
• Accuracy
• Reliability
• Judgment
Cons:
• Time
• Reliant on tester’s skill
27Monday, May 20, 13
Use Case Testing
What is it? Analysis of system behavior by subjecting it to
scenarios that touch on functional requirements - in this case
doing so with assistive technologies
Use Case Testing
28Monday, May 20, 13
Pros:
• Can happen
concurrently with
other testing
• Gives glimpse of
real-world issues
faced by PWD
Cons:
• Time
• Tester must know the AT
• Success with one AT !==
success with all
29Monday, May 20, 13
Usability Testing
What is it? Observation of test participants using core
user tasks, measuring efficiency, accuracy, recall, emotional
response.
Usability Testing
30Monday, May 20, 13
Pros:
Most closely represents
user’s actual experience
Cons:
• Expensive
• Time-Consuming
• Results may be skewed
by high impact issues
31Monday, May 20, 13
Tools
“It’s a poor mechanic who blames his tools” - Old Man Brian
Tools
32Monday, May 20, 13
Free:
• Browser Toolbars/ Plugins
• Online evaluators
Non-Free:
• Enterprise testing suites
33Monday, May 20, 13
Browser Toolbars/ Plugins
Examples:
• WAVE
• Favelets Bar
• Web Accessibility Toolbar
• Web Developer Plugin
• Fangs
34Monday, May 20, 13
WAVE from WebAIM
http://wave.webaim.org
35Monday, May 20, 13
Accessibility Evaluation Toolbar
36Monday, May 20, 13
Web Developer Toolbar
37Monday, May 20, 13
Favelets Bar
38Monday, May 20, 13
Fangs
39Monday, May 20, 13
Online Evaluators
Examples:
• aChecker
• FAE
• Cynthia Says
• WAVE
40Monday, May 20, 13
WAVE
41Monday, May 20, 13
FAE
42Monday, May 20, 13
aChecker
43Monday, May 20, 13
Enterprise Tools
• AMP - SSB BART Group
• Compliance Sheriff - HiSoftware
• Worldspace - Deque
• Rational Studio - IBM
• Compliance Guardian - AvePoint
44Monday, May 20, 13
Viking Methodology
“Failure to plan is planning to fail” - Zig Ziglar
45Monday, May 20, 13
Principles
• Utility
• Accuracy
• Efficiency
• Reliability
• Repeatability
46Monday, May 20, 13
Driving Factors
• Modern websites are not composed of static content
• Certain types of issues occur more often than others
• Certain types of content have more issues than others
• Certain types of issues are more impactful than others
47Monday, May 20, 13
Audits vs. QA
Audits:
• Should maximize utility
• Focus on UI component types
• Priority given to high use, high
risk features and components
QA:
• A11y should be part of
QA process
• Deliver fast, accurate
results & guidance
• Focus only on in-scope
work (i.e. user stories &
features under dev)
48Monday, May 20, 13
Testing Web Content
49Monday, May 20, 13
Markup and A11y
• All content must be marked up
using the most appropriate
elements & attributes for the job
• All scripted controls must operate
like the native controls which they
mimic
Markup and A11y
50Monday, May 20, 13
Page Structure:
What is it?
How are users impacted?
Markup and A11y
51Monday, May 20, 13
Page Structure Requirements:
• Valid, semantic markup
• Page titles: unique, terse, clear, informative
How do we test this?
52Monday, May 20, 13
Page Structure
53Monday, May 20, 13
Keyboard Access/ Focus Control
Keyboard Access, Focus Control:
What is it?
How are users impacted?
Keyboard Access/ Focus Control
54Monday, May 20, 13
Keyboard Access, Focus Control
Requirements:
• Focus order matches expected interaction
order
• Items that should get focus do; Items that
should not get focus don’t
How do we test this?
55Monday, May 20, 13
Keyboard Access and Focus Control
56Monday, May 20, 13
CSS
Cascading Stylesheets:
What is it?
How are users impacted?
CSS
57Monday, May 20, 13
• Content must remain readable and operable
• Visual indications must also be represented
programmatically
• Color contrast
How do we test this?
58Monday, May 20, 13
CSS
59Monday, May 20, 13
Forms
Forms:
What are they?
How are users impacted?
Forms
60Monday, May 20, 13
Forms Requirements:
• All fields labeled tersely, clearly
• Constraints identified
• All fields operable via keyboard
• Errors prevented
• Error recovery facilitated
How do we test this?
Forms
61Monday, May 20, 13
62Monday, May 20, 13
Frames
Frames:
What are they?
How are users impacted?
Frames
63Monday, May 20, 13
Frames Requirements:
Frames given clear, terse, informative titles
How do we test this?
Frames
64Monday, May 20, 13
65Monday, May 20, 13
Images
Images:
What are they?
How are users impacted?
Images
66Monday, May 20, 13
Image Requirements:
• Images not used to replace text
• All images have text alternative
• All text alternatives sufficiently clear
and informative
• Background images, sprites not used
for actionable items or content
How do we test this?
Images
67Monday, May 20, 13
68Monday, May 20, 13
Media
Media:
What is this?
How are users impacted?
Media
69Monday, May 20, 13
Media Requirements
• Captions
• Transcripts
• Audio Description
• Access to controls
How do we test this?
Media
70Monday, May 20, 13
71Monday, May 20, 13
Navigation
Navigation:
What is it?
How are users impacted?
Navigation
72Monday, May 20, 13
Navigation Requirements
• “Links”are actual links & use
valid href
• Link text is unique, terse,
clear, informative
How do we test this?
Navigation
73Monday, May 20, 13
74Monday, May 20, 13
Tables
Tables:
What are they?
How are users impacted?
Tables
75Monday, May 20, 13
Table Requirements
• No tables for layout
• Headers identified
• Header relationships
identified
• Good structure
How do we test this?
Tables
76Monday, May 20, 13
77Monday, May 20, 13
Text Content
Text Content:
What is it?
How are users impacted?
Text Content
78Monday, May 20, 13
Text Content Requirements
• Proper use of headings
• Headings are unique, terse,
clear, informative
• Proper use and structure of
lists & sub-lists
How do we test this?
Text Content
79Monday, May 20, 13
80Monday, May 20, 13
JavaScript-driven Content
JavaScript Content:
What is it?
How are users impacted?
JavaScript-driven Content
81Monday, May 20, 13
JavaScript Requirements
• Device independence
• Keyboard access/ focus
control
• Name, State, Role, Value
How do we test this?
JavaScript-driven Content
82Monday, May 20, 13
Name: What do we call this thing?
State: What is it doing? (Implicitly) What else can it do?
Role: What type of object is it?
Value: What is its value (if it can have one)
Using standard controls in standard ways gives this to us for free.
JavaScript-driven Content
83Monday, May 20, 13
84Monday, May 20, 13
simplyaccessible.com
Accessibility consulting, strategy and assessments
Accessible development and remediation services
Training courses, workshops and conferences Karl Groves
karl@simplyaccessible.com
@karlgroves
+1 443.875.7343

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

WCAG 2.0: Why can't we all just get along?
WCAG 2.0: Why can't we all just get along?WCAG 2.0: Why can't we all just get along?
WCAG 2.0: Why can't we all just get along?AccessibilitéWeb
 
Accessibility: Ed Directions North
Accessibility: Ed Directions NorthAccessibility: Ed Directions North
Accessibility: Ed Directions NorthDerek Featherstone
 
UX Camp Ottawa: Accessibility as a Design Tool
UX Camp Ottawa: Accessibility as a Design ToolUX Camp Ottawa: Accessibility as a Design Tool
UX Camp Ottawa: Accessibility as a Design ToolDerek Featherstone
 
Make your content accessible: ConfabCentral 2014
Make your content accessible: ConfabCentral 2014Make your content accessible: ConfabCentral 2014
Make your content accessible: ConfabCentral 2014Derek Featherstone
 
OttawaJS: angular accessibility
OttawaJS: angular accessibilityOttawaJS: angular accessibility
OttawaJS: angular accessibilityDerek Featherstone
 
Accessible design: which everyone do you mean? CSUN 2015
Accessible design: which everyone do you mean? CSUN 2015Accessible design: which everyone do you mean? CSUN 2015
Accessible design: which everyone do you mean? CSUN 2015Derek Featherstone
 
Accessibility as a Design Tool
Accessibility as a Design ToolAccessibility as a Design Tool
Accessibility as a Design ToolDerek Featherstone
 
Social media accessibility: where are we today?
Social media accessibility: where are we today?Social media accessibility: where are we today?
Social media accessibility: where are we today?AccessibilitéWeb
 
Deep Dive into Line-Height
Deep Dive into Line-HeightDeep Dive into Line-Height
Deep Dive into Line-HeightRuss Weakley
 
Building Accessible Web Components
Building Accessible Web ComponentsBuilding Accessible Web Components
Building Accessible Web ComponentsRuss Weakley
 
Accessible UX: Beyond the checklist to great experiences
Accessible UX: Beyond the checklist to great experiencesAccessible UX: Beyond the checklist to great experiences
Accessible UX: Beyond the checklist to great experiencesWhitney Quesenbery
 
Creating a Simple, Accessible On/Off Switch
Creating a Simple, Accessible On/Off SwitchCreating a Simple, Accessible On/Off Switch
Creating a Simple, Accessible On/Off SwitchRuss Weakley
 
Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp Toronto 2014
Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp Toronto 2014Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp Toronto 2014
Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp Toronto 2014Adrian Roselli
 
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Universal Design
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Universal DesignA Multidisciplinary Approach to Universal Design
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Universal DesignAnders Skifte
 

Viewers also liked (15)

WCAG 2.0: Why can't we all just get along?
WCAG 2.0: Why can't we all just get along?WCAG 2.0: Why can't we all just get along?
WCAG 2.0: Why can't we all just get along?
 
EOTW 2011 Closing Keynote
EOTW 2011 Closing Keynote EOTW 2011 Closing Keynote
EOTW 2011 Closing Keynote
 
Accessibility: Ed Directions North
Accessibility: Ed Directions NorthAccessibility: Ed Directions North
Accessibility: Ed Directions North
 
UX Camp Ottawa: Accessibility as a Design Tool
UX Camp Ottawa: Accessibility as a Design ToolUX Camp Ottawa: Accessibility as a Design Tool
UX Camp Ottawa: Accessibility as a Design Tool
 
Make your content accessible: ConfabCentral 2014
Make your content accessible: ConfabCentral 2014Make your content accessible: ConfabCentral 2014
Make your content accessible: ConfabCentral 2014
 
OttawaJS: angular accessibility
OttawaJS: angular accessibilityOttawaJS: angular accessibility
OttawaJS: angular accessibility
 
Accessible design: which everyone do you mean? CSUN 2015
Accessible design: which everyone do you mean? CSUN 2015Accessible design: which everyone do you mean? CSUN 2015
Accessible design: which everyone do you mean? CSUN 2015
 
Accessibility as a Design Tool
Accessibility as a Design ToolAccessibility as a Design Tool
Accessibility as a Design Tool
 
Social media accessibility: where are we today?
Social media accessibility: where are we today?Social media accessibility: where are we today?
Social media accessibility: where are we today?
 
Deep Dive into Line-Height
Deep Dive into Line-HeightDeep Dive into Line-Height
Deep Dive into Line-Height
 
Building Accessible Web Components
Building Accessible Web ComponentsBuilding Accessible Web Components
Building Accessible Web Components
 
Accessible UX: Beyond the checklist to great experiences
Accessible UX: Beyond the checklist to great experiencesAccessible UX: Beyond the checklist to great experiences
Accessible UX: Beyond the checklist to great experiences
 
Creating a Simple, Accessible On/Off Switch
Creating a Simple, Accessible On/Off SwitchCreating a Simple, Accessible On/Off Switch
Creating a Simple, Accessible On/Off Switch
 
Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp Toronto 2014
Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp Toronto 2014Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp Toronto 2014
Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp Toronto 2014
 
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Universal Design
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Universal DesignA Multidisciplinary Approach to Universal Design
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Universal Design
 

Similar to Viking methodology

Work Samples Portfolio for Jason Levine
Work Samples Portfolio for Jason LevineWork Samples Portfolio for Jason Levine
Work Samples Portfolio for Jason LevineJason Levine
 
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testing
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testingGet it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testing
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testingDesignHammer
 
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testing
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testingGet it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testing
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testingDavid Minton
 
Creation of visualizations based on Linked Data
Creation of visualizations based on Linked DataCreation of visualizations based on Linked Data
Creation of visualizations based on Linked DataAlvaro Graves
 
Get It Right the First Time Through Cheap and Easy DIY Usability Testing - Dr...
Get It Right the First Time Through Cheap and Easy DIY Usability Testing - Dr...Get It Right the First Time Through Cheap and Easy DIY Usability Testing - Dr...
Get It Right the First Time Through Cheap and Easy DIY Usability Testing - Dr...DesignHammer
 
Designing the User Experience - UCCSC 2013
Designing the User Experience - UCCSC 2013Designing the User Experience - UCCSC 2013
Designing the User Experience - UCCSC 2013Ray Vadnais
 
Basics of creating accessible code for websites
Basics of creating accessible code for websitesBasics of creating accessible code for websites
Basics of creating accessible code for websiteselianna james
 
QA Accessibility-testing
QA Accessibility-testingQA Accessibility-testing
QA Accessibility-testingelianna james
 
Introduction to Accessibility Testing - CSUN14
Introduction to Accessibility Testing - CSUN14Introduction to Accessibility Testing - CSUN14
Introduction to Accessibility Testing - CSUN14Patrick Dunphy
 
Treating Infrastructure as Garbage
Treating Infrastructure as GarbageTreating Infrastructure as Garbage
Treating Infrastructure as GarbageDatadog
 
WE-06-Testing.ppt
WE-06-Testing.pptWE-06-Testing.ppt
WE-06-Testing.pptjaved281701
 
How to engineer accessible websites
How to engineer accessible websitesHow to engineer accessible websites
How to engineer accessible websitesRachel Cherry
 
Website Accessibility: It’s the Right Thing to do
Website Accessibility: It’s the Right Thing to doWebsite Accessibility: It’s the Right Thing to do
Website Accessibility: It’s the Right Thing to doDesignHammer
 
Decision-Making Tools for Procurement of Goods and Services - Summer 2014 NCL...
Decision-Making Tools for Procurement of Goods and Services - Summer 2014 NCL...Decision-Making Tools for Procurement of Goods and Services - Summer 2014 NCL...
Decision-Making Tools for Procurement of Goods and Services - Summer 2014 NCL...PublicFinanceTV
 
AccessU 2018 - Introduction to User Research
AccessU 2018 - Introduction to User ResearchAccessU 2018 - Introduction to User Research
AccessU 2018 - Introduction to User ResearchKate Walser
 
Annual Planning Tools Webinar 4.23.23.pptx
Annual Planning Tools Webinar 4.23.23.pptxAnnual Planning Tools Webinar 4.23.23.pptx
Annual Planning Tools Webinar 4.23.23.pptxOnBoard
 
Easy ways to make your site more accessible
Easy ways to make your site more accessibleEasy ways to make your site more accessible
Easy ways to make your site more accessibleJana Veliskova
 

Similar to Viking methodology (20)

Work Samples Portfolio for Jason Levine
Work Samples Portfolio for Jason LevineWork Samples Portfolio for Jason Levine
Work Samples Portfolio for Jason Levine
 
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testing
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testingGet it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testing
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testing
 
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testing
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testingGet it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testing
Get it right the first time through cheap and easy DIY usability testing
 
Creation of visualizations based on Linked Data
Creation of visualizations based on Linked DataCreation of visualizations based on Linked Data
Creation of visualizations based on Linked Data
 
Get It Right the First Time Through Cheap and Easy DIY Usability Testing - Dr...
Get It Right the First Time Through Cheap and Easy DIY Usability Testing - Dr...Get It Right the First Time Through Cheap and Easy DIY Usability Testing - Dr...
Get It Right the First Time Through Cheap and Easy DIY Usability Testing - Dr...
 
Designing the User Experience - UCCSC 2013
Designing the User Experience - UCCSC 2013Designing the User Experience - UCCSC 2013
Designing the User Experience - UCCSC 2013
 
Performance
PerformancePerformance
Performance
 
Basics of creating accessible code for websites
Basics of creating accessible code for websitesBasics of creating accessible code for websites
Basics of creating accessible code for websites
 
QA Accessibility-testing
QA Accessibility-testingQA Accessibility-testing
QA Accessibility-testing
 
Introduction to Accessibility Testing - CSUN14
Introduction to Accessibility Testing - CSUN14Introduction to Accessibility Testing - CSUN14
Introduction to Accessibility Testing - CSUN14
 
Treating Infrastructure as Garbage
Treating Infrastructure as GarbageTreating Infrastructure as Garbage
Treating Infrastructure as Garbage
 
WE-06-Testing.ppt
WE-06-Testing.pptWE-06-Testing.ppt
WE-06-Testing.ppt
 
How to engineer accessible websites
How to engineer accessible websitesHow to engineer accessible websites
How to engineer accessible websites
 
Sad
SadSad
Sad
 
TestBoss October 2019
TestBoss October 2019TestBoss October 2019
TestBoss October 2019
 
Website Accessibility: It’s the Right Thing to do
Website Accessibility: It’s the Right Thing to doWebsite Accessibility: It’s the Right Thing to do
Website Accessibility: It’s the Right Thing to do
 
Decision-Making Tools for Procurement of Goods and Services - Summer 2014 NCL...
Decision-Making Tools for Procurement of Goods and Services - Summer 2014 NCL...Decision-Making Tools for Procurement of Goods and Services - Summer 2014 NCL...
Decision-Making Tools for Procurement of Goods and Services - Summer 2014 NCL...
 
AccessU 2018 - Introduction to User Research
AccessU 2018 - Introduction to User ResearchAccessU 2018 - Introduction to User Research
AccessU 2018 - Introduction to User Research
 
Annual Planning Tools Webinar 4.23.23.pptx
Annual Planning Tools Webinar 4.23.23.pptxAnnual Planning Tools Webinar 4.23.23.pptx
Annual Planning Tools Webinar 4.23.23.pptx
 
Easy ways to make your site more accessible
Easy ways to make your site more accessibleEasy ways to make your site more accessible
Easy ways to make your site more accessible
 

Recently uploaded

Anantkumar Hegde
Anantkumar Hegde  Anantkumar Hegde
Anantkumar Hegde NewsFeed1
 
Light Rail in Canberra: Too much, too little, too late: Is the price worth th...
Light Rail in Canberra: Too much, too little, too late: Is the price worth th...Light Rail in Canberra: Too much, too little, too late: Is the price worth th...
Light Rail in Canberra: Too much, too little, too late: Is the price worth th...University of Canberra
 
Right to Privacy Case Studies PDF …………..
Right to Privacy Case Studies PDF …………..Right to Privacy Case Studies PDF …………..
Right to Privacy Case Studies PDF …………..mathiasanna557
 
Green Aesthetic Ripped Paper Thesis Defense Presentation_20240311_111012_0000...
Green Aesthetic Ripped Paper Thesis Defense Presentation_20240311_111012_0000...Green Aesthetic Ripped Paper Thesis Defense Presentation_20240311_111012_0000...
Green Aesthetic Ripped Paper Thesis Defense Presentation_20240311_111012_0000...virgfern3011
 
Another Day, Another Default Judgment Against Gabe Whitley
Another Day, Another Default Judgment Against Gabe WhitleyAnother Day, Another Default Judgment Against Gabe Whitley
Another Day, Another Default Judgment Against Gabe WhitleyAbdul-Hakim Shabazz
 
One India vs United India by Dream Tamilnadu
One India vs United India by Dream TamilnaduOne India vs United India by Dream Tamilnadu
One India vs United India by Dream TamilnaduDreamTamilnadu
 
EED - Profits uncontained. An analysis of container shipping ETS surcharges
EED - Profits uncontained. An analysis of container shipping ETS surchargesEED - Profits uncontained. An analysis of container shipping ETS surcharges
EED - Profits uncontained. An analysis of container shipping ETS surchargesEl Estrecho Digital
 
Por estos dos motivos, defensa de JOH solicita repetir juicio
Por estos dos motivos, defensa de JOH solicita repetir juicioPor estos dos motivos, defensa de JOH solicita repetir juicio
Por estos dos motivos, defensa de JOH solicita repetir juicioAlexisTorres963861
 

Recently uploaded (8)

Anantkumar Hegde
Anantkumar Hegde  Anantkumar Hegde
Anantkumar Hegde
 
Light Rail in Canberra: Too much, too little, too late: Is the price worth th...
Light Rail in Canberra: Too much, too little, too late: Is the price worth th...Light Rail in Canberra: Too much, too little, too late: Is the price worth th...
Light Rail in Canberra: Too much, too little, too late: Is the price worth th...
 
Right to Privacy Case Studies PDF …………..
Right to Privacy Case Studies PDF …………..Right to Privacy Case Studies PDF …………..
Right to Privacy Case Studies PDF …………..
 
Green Aesthetic Ripped Paper Thesis Defense Presentation_20240311_111012_0000...
Green Aesthetic Ripped Paper Thesis Defense Presentation_20240311_111012_0000...Green Aesthetic Ripped Paper Thesis Defense Presentation_20240311_111012_0000...
Green Aesthetic Ripped Paper Thesis Defense Presentation_20240311_111012_0000...
 
Another Day, Another Default Judgment Against Gabe Whitley
Another Day, Another Default Judgment Against Gabe WhitleyAnother Day, Another Default Judgment Against Gabe Whitley
Another Day, Another Default Judgment Against Gabe Whitley
 
One India vs United India by Dream Tamilnadu
One India vs United India by Dream TamilnaduOne India vs United India by Dream Tamilnadu
One India vs United India by Dream Tamilnadu
 
EED - Profits uncontained. An analysis of container shipping ETS surcharges
EED - Profits uncontained. An analysis of container shipping ETS surchargesEED - Profits uncontained. An analysis of container shipping ETS surcharges
EED - Profits uncontained. An analysis of container shipping ETS surcharges
 
Por estos dos motivos, defensa de JOH solicita repetir juicio
Por estos dos motivos, defensa de JOH solicita repetir juicioPor estos dos motivos, defensa de JOH solicita repetir juicio
Por estos dos motivos, defensa de JOH solicita repetir juicio
 

Viking methodology

  • 1. 1Monday, May 20, 13 Viking Accessibility: The Warrior's Approach to Hands-on Testing
  • 2. 2Monday, May 20, 13 Karl Groves karl@simplyaccessible.com @karlgroves
  • 3. 3Monday, May 20, 13 Goals and Objectives • Understand accessibility testing techniques • Understand common challenges by content type • Gain hands-on knowledge
  • 4. 4Monday, May 20, 13 Resources http://examples.simplyaccessible.com/vikinghandson/
  • 5. 5Monday, May 20, 13 Review - Understanding Disability
  • 6. 6Monday, May 20, 13 Visual Impairment • Blindness • Partially Sighted • Low Vision • Colorblindness What types of challenges will they have on the web?
  • 7. 7Monday, May 20, 13 Hearing Impairment • Deafness (one/ both ears) • Hard of hearing • High/ low frequency hearing loss What types of challenges will they have on the web?
  • 8. 8Monday, May 20, 13 Motor Impairment • Loss of limbs, digits • Palsy disorders • Repetitive stress injuries • Arthritis • Spinal cord injuries • more What types of challenges will they have on the web?
  • 9. 9Monday, May 20, 13 Cognitive Impairment • Autism • Brain injury • Parkinson’s • Dyslexia • Alzheimer’s • more What types of challenges will they have on the web?
  • 10. 10Monday, May 20, 13 Speech Impairment • Stuttering • Muteness • Dysarthria (resulting from motor control disorders) • Articulation & phonemic disorders What types of challenges will they have on the web?
  • 11. 11Monday, May 20, 13 Principles of Accessibility
  • 12. 12Monday, May 20, 13 P erceivable O perable U nderstandable R obust Focuses on user needs, not technology.
  • 13. 13Monday, May 20, 13 Assistive Technologies
  • 14. 14Monday, May 20, 13 Screen Readers • Intercept what is sent to standard output • Object info & content rendered in text to speech
  • 15. Screen Readers 15Monday, May 20, 13 User needs: • Keyboard access • Text alternatives • Headings • Logical/ sequential ordering • Proper labels
  • 16. Screen Magnification • Enlarges on screen content • Different magnification modes • Contrast Modes • Cursor, pointer enhancement http://flickr.com/photos/justinstravels/322408478/ 16Monday, May 20, 13
  • 17. Screen Magnification http://flickr.com/photos/justinstravels/322408478/ 17Monday, May 20, 13 User needs: • Text alternatives • Resizable layouts • Flexible content
  • 18. 18Monday, May 20, 13 Voice Recognition Accepts user commands to activate controls and interact with system
  • 19. Voice Recognition 19Monday, May 20, 13 User Needs: • Device independence • Accurate text alternatives • Accurate labels
  • 20. 20Monday, May 20, 13 Hardware As diverse as the array of possible disabilities and severities thereof
  • 21. • Body Level One Body Level Two Body Level Three 21Monday, May 20, 13 Often Combined http://flickr.com/photos/kazuhito/132436943/
  • 22. simplyaccessible.comKarl Groves | @karlgroves 22Monday, May 20, 13 Approaches to Testing
  • 23. 23Monday, May 20, 13 Automated Testing What is it? Use of tool to access web document and subject it to predetermined heuristic checks • Plugins/ Toolbars • Desktop Apps • Web Apps
  • 24. Automated Testing 24Monday, May 20, 13 Pros: • Unprecedented efficiency (cost per issue) • Some issues don’t require humans Cons: • Incomplete coverage • False positives • Subjectivity in a11y • DOM testing • User interaction
  • 25. 25Monday, May 20, 13 Manual Testing What is it? Use of hands-on techniques to inspect for potential failures, possibly by emulating disabled user scenarios • Code inspection • Hardware manipulation • Software/ Settings manipulation • AT Testing
  • 26. Manual Testing 26Monday, May 20, 13 Pros: • Accuracy • Reliability • Judgment Cons: • Time • Reliant on tester’s skill
  • 27. 27Monday, May 20, 13 Use Case Testing What is it? Analysis of system behavior by subjecting it to scenarios that touch on functional requirements - in this case doing so with assistive technologies
  • 28. Use Case Testing 28Monday, May 20, 13 Pros: • Can happen concurrently with other testing • Gives glimpse of real-world issues faced by PWD Cons: • Time • Tester must know the AT • Success with one AT !== success with all
  • 29. 29Monday, May 20, 13 Usability Testing What is it? Observation of test participants using core user tasks, measuring efficiency, accuracy, recall, emotional response.
  • 30. Usability Testing 30Monday, May 20, 13 Pros: Most closely represents user’s actual experience Cons: • Expensive • Time-Consuming • Results may be skewed by high impact issues
  • 31. 31Monday, May 20, 13 Tools “It’s a poor mechanic who blames his tools” - Old Man Brian
  • 32. Tools 32Monday, May 20, 13 Free: • Browser Toolbars/ Plugins • Online evaluators Non-Free: • Enterprise testing suites
  • 33. 33Monday, May 20, 13 Browser Toolbars/ Plugins Examples: • WAVE • Favelets Bar • Web Accessibility Toolbar • Web Developer Plugin • Fangs
  • 34. 34Monday, May 20, 13 WAVE from WebAIM http://wave.webaim.org
  • 35. 35Monday, May 20, 13 Accessibility Evaluation Toolbar
  • 36. 36Monday, May 20, 13 Web Developer Toolbar
  • 37. 37Monday, May 20, 13 Favelets Bar
  • 38. 38Monday, May 20, 13 Fangs
  • 39. 39Monday, May 20, 13 Online Evaluators Examples: • aChecker • FAE • Cynthia Says • WAVE
  • 40. 40Monday, May 20, 13 WAVE
  • 42. 42Monday, May 20, 13 aChecker
  • 43. 43Monday, May 20, 13 Enterprise Tools • AMP - SSB BART Group • Compliance Sheriff - HiSoftware • Worldspace - Deque • Rational Studio - IBM • Compliance Guardian - AvePoint
  • 44. 44Monday, May 20, 13 Viking Methodology “Failure to plan is planning to fail” - Zig Ziglar
  • 45. 45Monday, May 20, 13 Principles • Utility • Accuracy • Efficiency • Reliability • Repeatability
  • 46. 46Monday, May 20, 13 Driving Factors • Modern websites are not composed of static content • Certain types of issues occur more often than others • Certain types of content have more issues than others • Certain types of issues are more impactful than others
  • 47. 47Monday, May 20, 13 Audits vs. QA Audits: • Should maximize utility • Focus on UI component types • Priority given to high use, high risk features and components QA: • A11y should be part of QA process • Deliver fast, accurate results & guidance • Focus only on in-scope work (i.e. user stories & features under dev)
  • 48. 48Monday, May 20, 13 Testing Web Content
  • 49. 49Monday, May 20, 13 Markup and A11y • All content must be marked up using the most appropriate elements & attributes for the job • All scripted controls must operate like the native controls which they mimic
  • 50. Markup and A11y 50Monday, May 20, 13 Page Structure: What is it? How are users impacted?
  • 51. Markup and A11y 51Monday, May 20, 13 Page Structure Requirements: • Valid, semantic markup • Page titles: unique, terse, clear, informative How do we test this?
  • 52. 52Monday, May 20, 13 Page Structure
  • 53. 53Monday, May 20, 13 Keyboard Access/ Focus Control Keyboard Access, Focus Control: What is it? How are users impacted?
  • 54. Keyboard Access/ Focus Control 54Monday, May 20, 13 Keyboard Access, Focus Control Requirements: • Focus order matches expected interaction order • Items that should get focus do; Items that should not get focus don’t How do we test this?
  • 55. 55Monday, May 20, 13 Keyboard Access and Focus Control
  • 56. 56Monday, May 20, 13 CSS Cascading Stylesheets: What is it? How are users impacted?
  • 57. CSS 57Monday, May 20, 13 • Content must remain readable and operable • Visual indications must also be represented programmatically • Color contrast How do we test this?
  • 59. 59Monday, May 20, 13 Forms Forms: What are they? How are users impacted?
  • 60. Forms 60Monday, May 20, 13 Forms Requirements: • All fields labeled tersely, clearly • Constraints identified • All fields operable via keyboard • Errors prevented • Error recovery facilitated How do we test this?
  • 62. 62Monday, May 20, 13 Frames Frames: What are they? How are users impacted?
  • 63. Frames 63Monday, May 20, 13 Frames Requirements: Frames given clear, terse, informative titles How do we test this?
  • 65. 65Monday, May 20, 13 Images Images: What are they? How are users impacted?
  • 66. Images 66Monday, May 20, 13 Image Requirements: • Images not used to replace text • All images have text alternative • All text alternatives sufficiently clear and informative • Background images, sprites not used for actionable items or content How do we test this?
  • 68. 68Monday, May 20, 13 Media Media: What is this? How are users impacted?
  • 69. Media 69Monday, May 20, 13 Media Requirements • Captions • Transcripts • Audio Description • Access to controls How do we test this?
  • 71. 71Monday, May 20, 13 Navigation Navigation: What is it? How are users impacted?
  • 72. Navigation 72Monday, May 20, 13 Navigation Requirements • “Links”are actual links & use valid href • Link text is unique, terse, clear, informative How do we test this?
  • 74. 74Monday, May 20, 13 Tables Tables: What are they? How are users impacted?
  • 75. Tables 75Monday, May 20, 13 Table Requirements • No tables for layout • Headers identified • Header relationships identified • Good structure How do we test this?
  • 77. 77Monday, May 20, 13 Text Content Text Content: What is it? How are users impacted?
  • 78. Text Content 78Monday, May 20, 13 Text Content Requirements • Proper use of headings • Headings are unique, terse, clear, informative • Proper use and structure of lists & sub-lists How do we test this?
  • 80. 80Monday, May 20, 13 JavaScript-driven Content JavaScript Content: What is it? How are users impacted?
  • 81. JavaScript-driven Content 81Monday, May 20, 13 JavaScript Requirements • Device independence • Keyboard access/ focus control • Name, State, Role, Value How do we test this?
  • 82. JavaScript-driven Content 82Monday, May 20, 13 Name: What do we call this thing? State: What is it doing? (Implicitly) What else can it do? Role: What type of object is it? Value: What is its value (if it can have one) Using standard controls in standard ways gives this to us for free.
  • 84. 84Monday, May 20, 13 simplyaccessible.com Accessibility consulting, strategy and assessments Accessible development and remediation services Training courses, workshops and conferences Karl Groves karl@simplyaccessible.com @karlgroves +1 443.875.7343