Grade 10 introduction to states of matter and intermolecular forces

1. STATESOF MATTER
Grade 10 Ms. K Maharaj

2. LOOKATTHE
PICTURESA, B
ANDC. IDENTIFY
THESUBSTANCE
AND DESCRIBE ITS
STRUCTURE
A
B
C

3. STATES
OF
MATTER
STATES OF MATTER – is defined as the physical forms
that substances can exist in
 All matter is made up of particles and exists in 3
states, which is namely: solids, liquids and gases.
The particles allow for matter to change its state as
heat is added or removed from the matter – CHANGE
OF STATE
 Heating : solid liquid gas
 Cooling : gas liquid solid

4. PROCESSES
INVOLVED
IN PHASE
CHANGES

5. Processes
responsible
for change in
phase
 Melting is a process at which a solid changes it’s state to become a
liquid
 Freezing is a process at which a liquid changes it’s state to become
a solid
 Boiling is a process at which a liquid changes to a state of gas.
 Condensation is the process of going from a gas to liquid.
 Evaporation is the change of a liquid to a vapor at any
temperature below the boiling point.

6. THE KINETIC
MOLECULAR
THEORYOF
MATTER
 The kinetic theory of matter helps us to explain why matter exists
in different phases (i.e. solid, liquid and gas), and how matter can
change from one phase to another.
 Kinetic theory of matter says that all matter is composed of
particles which have a certain amount of energy which allows
them to move at different speeds depending on the temperature
(energy).
 Thus, the Temperature Particles Energy
 There are spaces between the particles and also attractive forces
between particles when they come close together
 KineticTheory of Matter

7. Differences
between
Solids, Liquids
andGases –
Kinetic Theory
of Matter
Property of matter Solid Liquid Gas
Particles Atoms or molecules Atoms or molecules Atoms or molecules
Energy and movement of
particles
Low energy - particles
vibrate around a fixed
point.
Particles have more
energy than in the solid
phase but less than in the
gas phase.
Particles have high energy
and are constantly
moving.
Spaces between particles
Very little space between
particles. Particles are
tightly packed together.
Bigger spaces than in
solids but smaller than in
gases.
Large spaces because of
high energy.
Attractive forces between
particles.
Very strong forces. Solids
have a fixed volume.
Weaker forces than in
solids, but stronger forces
than in gases.
Weak forces because of
the large distance
between particles.
Changes in phase.
Solids become liquids or
gases if their temperature
is increased.
A liquid becomes a gas if
its temperature is
increased. A liquid
becomes a solid if its
temperature decreases.
In general a gas becomes
a liquid or solid when it is
cooled. Particles have less
energy and therefore
move closer together so
that the attractive forces
become stronger, and the
gas becomes a liquid or a
solid.

8. SUMMARY OF
THE ABOVE
TABLE

9. CLASS
ACTIVITY
 Class activity on Socrative
 Link - https://b.socrative.com/login/student/
 There are 8 questions, please complete all questions
 Total = 21 Marks
 You have 24 hours to complete the activity at home,
due 05 October at 23:59pm
 Corrections and feedback will be done in the next
lesson

10. THE END