Jerry Festa Character Analysis

Jerry Festa Character Analysis
How far would you go to defend your family's rights against a corrupt government organization and a
group of reckless criminals? So far as to get a $500,000 bounty on your head from the mafia?
Prosecuting the witness protection program even though odds are a losing case? Jerry Festa may have
had a history of causing mischief among others and even the law, but Mr. Festa is a man that stands
out from many. This is because of his perseverance in tough times, being a family man, and being
courageous in the toughest of times are three qualities that really stick out of the very extraordinary
man of Jerry Festa.
One thing that really stands out to the reader while reading about Jerry Festa, it is that he man simply
does not give up. Festa gets knocked ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Festa would impersonate a friendly handy man that would go door to door to people's houses saying
that something was wrong. He would then pretend to fix whatever problem was current and usually
charged the house owners more than what it should have been. There had been an incident where he
met a lady named dolly where they had developed a sort of relationship, where he had taken full
advantage of her. Festa had one time lied to her about him not being able to pay for a open heart
surgery, along with other expenses that had cost her thousands of dollars, yet the poor woman never
knew how she was being cheated on completely for her
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Eyewitness Retention Consistent Evidence For An Offense
Denisha Poplus
Beth Duncan
En 102
7 July 2015
Are Eyewitness Retention Consistent Evidence For An Offense?
The memory of an eyewitness has always been an endless dispute throughout the narration of its
existence. The word of an individual holds the most substance; it's the only real thing of value that
person hold, having a witness of a crime is a criminal's vilest nightmare. There is a phrase that may
have been heard in movies and reality, 'eyewitness do not live too long.' This phrase has range
amongst people revealing the reputation of eye witnessing for the majority and jury. All evidence used
to convict a person has to go through a vigilant examination process especially the testimony of an
eyewitness. So much emphasis is put on a truthful and accurate testimony because there has been a
false testimony, which cause consequences and complications. Criminal justice systems should
demand their district to notice there is an occurrence of bad witness memory, because the brain will
juggle and play games with the hauler. Predominantly, the mix up happens because of the perception
particularities the individuals mind has mad up and the original information. Memory is simply the
development of perception, how the brain process what is seen and reproduces it later. Since there is a
chance that the reproduction of once memory will be wrong that makes it essential to the individual
does not damage the facts. This accentuates the stress on the knowledge of the eyewitness well–being

Strengths and Limitations of Assessment Methods
Strengths and limitations of different assessment methods
Assessment Method | Strengths | Limitations | Direct Observation | Allows the assessor to see the
candidate in action and may be able to cover several aspects of the qualification during a single
session (see also Holistic)The observation can take place while the candidate's normal work place so
there is minimal disruption as they are able to continue to do their job while being assessed. | A fixed
date and time must be arranged to suit both the learners and the assessor.Others may need to be
consulted i.e. for access arrangements to the workplace.Unless the observation is recorded in some
way then there will be no permanent record of the exercise.Candidate may "perform" ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
| Needs to be recorded using notes and/or audio or video recordingNeeds to be planned &
structured carefully as it is easy to digressCan be time consumingCandidate may need to do some
research prior to discussionCan lead to argumentsMay support performance evidence and help to
expand it but it cannot be used in isolation.Assessor needs to be experienced at questioning and
listening, they also need to use open/probing questions. | Candidate Statement | Enables the candidate
to take ownership of their achievements and reflective practice. Candidate needs to be conversant with
the assessment criteria so that they record they record the most relevant information. | The candidate
may misinterpret the assessment criteria and provide too much, too little or even irrelevant
informationAdditional assessment methods would need to be used to confirm competence and ensure
that the statement is factual and has not been made up. | Simulation | Useful when it is not possible to
perform a task for real, for example performing resuscitation on a first aid course by using a manikin. |
Simulation only allows assessment of a hypothetical situationMay not be acceptable as NVQ evidence
and should only be employed where standards permit | RPL | Useful for learners that have achieved
some aspects of a programme prior to startingSaves work being duplicated and/or reassessed. |
Currency and authenticity must be checkedCan be time

Eyewitness Identification Evidence Essay
Witness identification evidence is the second most incriminating type of evidence bar a confession
(Brandon & Davies, 1973 – as cited by Valentine & Heaton, 1999). However, The Innocence Project
reports it is also the leading cause of wrongful convictions in the US, more specifically, 72% of DNA
exoneration cases since 1989.
The aim of line–ups is to give the witness a fair test of recognition. Additionally, the suspect (who
may be innocent) must also be given a fair chance. In the 1976 the Devlin Report was created
following an investigation into a signification number of wrongful convictions. The aim of the report
was to minimise convictions based on solely eye witness testimony. However, this rule is not specified
in law indicating that false identifications are still a likely possibility. The Police and Criminal
Evidence Act (1984) (UK code of practice) aims to increase the likelihood of accurate identifications
by providing guidelines to law enforcements. Although PACE provides guidelines for how to conduct
line–ups, the incidence of false identifications is still common.
It is of great importance to ensure that eyewitness identification of suspect's can be as accurate and
reliable as possible, especially considering the frequency and importance of its use. Factors that affect
the accuracy of eyewitness identification must be addressed and ameliorated to avoid future
miscarriages of justice (i.e. prosecuting the wrong person). Whilst law enforcements may not have

The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children: Case Study
Identifying Information Lorenzo 'Shakes' Carcaterra was a boy from Hell's Kitchen, New York, in the
1960's. Shakes is of Italian decent and lives with his father and mother in a small apartment. Lorenzo's
father worked long hours for little pay and was quick to anger and used violence to control the
household. Shakes witnessed the physical and emotional abuse of his mother. He never confronted his
father, but always tried to play the peacekeeper between the two. Shakes mother was not fluent in
English and had a hard time connecting to the community and her son. The trauma that Shakes went
through because of the domestic violence shaped his psychological and social development. Shakes
was a resilient kid and sought social support from three boys: Thomas "Tommy" Marcano, Michael
Sullivan, John Reilly and various other men in his community.
Character Development and Functioning One big support for Shakes was the local priest, Father
Bobby. Shakes was able to connect with the priest and had a form of accountability. Shakes
participated in the Church and had interest in becoming a priest because of the power in the role.
Father Bobby keeps an eye on the boys and wants to prevent them from getting into crime of the
community. Hell's Kitchen is a community in Manhattan, aligning the Hudson River, was a blend of
Irish, Italian, Puerto Rican, and Eastern European laborers. Hell's Kitchen is a community of
immigrants where men work really long hours and the women are

My Special Job Analysis
I live in a place where crime is the only job a man can get. In 1992 my mother and I moved to the
Bronx when I was fifteen. My mom worked a dead end job to support me and to pay rent for our
apartment along White Plains Rd. It was no secret that my mother and I struggled to live in this city of
mayhem. The prices were ridiculously high and jobs didn't seem to pay enough. I learned at the age of
fifteen that the only way to get ahead in life was to do things that the "average man" would think is
illegal. School in the Bronx is hard for everyone. Walking back from school is even harder, but fitting
in and finding your place in school is the hardest. Especially when you're the new kid. When I first got
to school I looked for the type people I would like to hangout with. That was preferably the people
that didn't wear blue or red. I found my place with a groups of kids that didn't wear colors or did not
appear to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I had no issues between school, family, and my "special job". One day, Sean sends me on another job.
He said this one was a big deal and a lot of product needed moved. He gave me a time and place when
the event was gonna happen. When I show up no one was around yet. I waited, and waited. There was
nothing around except the cold air and the sound of distant sirens. The alley felt different from other
times. Finally, a black town car pulled up on one side and some people got put. They were wearing
blue. As they were walking towards me another car pulled up and a couple guys wearing red got out. I
knew right off the bat it was a set–up. This was very bad for me as I was in the middle of it. Out of
nowhere, police sirens fill the air and the whole alleyway was flashing lights. I heard people start
yelling and a couple gunshots were exchanged. Before I was able to understand what was going on I
was snatched up and thrown in a car. The sound of the scene started to fade and I felt safer. I still did
not know who picked me

The Witness Protection Program and Abandoning Mafioso...
Dear Andrew: Deciding to enter the Witness Protection Program and abandon your Mafioso lifestyle
was a difficult decision. It took a great deal of courage to fundamentally change your way of life. Now
that you are leaving the Program and embarking upon a professional life on the right side of the law,
you have a new dilemma: how to make a living in an honest fashion. Ever since you were fourteen,
your life has revolved around criminal enterprises. You are likely thinking: what skills and qualities do
I have that will translate into occupations other than the dirty business of stealing and cheating?
Although your old life contains many memories you may wish to forget, you must remember the
determination and commitment you always brought to your work. Your desire to succeed first
manifested itself at a very young age, but unfortunately your environment did not offer you
opportunities to use your good qualities in a positive fashion. However, today, in the field of sales, the
same determination that allowed you to succeed in the world of crime can also allow you to excel as a
salesperson. In sales, you have a great deal of autonomy in terms of how you plan your day, as you
meet with a variety of customers. You have unlimited earning potential, depending on how hard you
are willing to work. You can work independently, given that the majority of your day is devoted to
traveling from one customer to the next. There is no 'boss' constantly looking over your shoulder: you

Maryland Rule 5-901 Document Analysis
Johnson further maintains that the circuit court erred by admitting documents that were not properly
authenticated. The State counters that "the appearance and contents of each of the documents
contained sufficient information from which the factfinder could have reasonably concluded that the
document was what the State purported it to be." We hold that the documents admitted against
Johnson were properly authenticated. Maryland Rule 5–901 provides that generally:
The requirement of authentication or identification as a condition precedent to admissibility is
satisfied by evidence sufficient to support a finding that the matter in question is what its proponent
claims.
Md. Rule 5–901(a). In order for evidence to be properly authenticated, "the trial judge must determine
that there is proof from which a reasonable juror could find that the evidence is what the proponent
claims it to be." Sublet v. State, 442 Md. 632, 638 (2015). Indeed, the purpose of Md. Rule 5–901 is to
ensure that the evidence's proponent has satisfied a burden of production sufficient to permit a
reasonable fact finder to conclude the evidence is what its proponent claims it to be. The standard for
authenticity, however, is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Md. Rule 5–901(b)(4); cf. Fed. R. Evid. 901(b)(4) ("The appearance, contents, substance, internal
patterns, or other distinctive characteristics of the item, taken together with all the circumstances."
(emphasis added)). Maryland Rule 5–901 illustrates how the internal features of a document can be
significant support for establishing the authenticity of that document, so long as there is some
extrinsic circumstance that makes those internal features

Bystander Research Paper
A. The term bystander refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the numbers of people present,
the less likely people are to help a person in distress. When an emergency situation occurs, observers
are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses, but in other cases the observers
are most likely to be ignorant either because they don't want to intervene or feel as if it's not there
responsibility to take action.
B. Bystander is important because it's safe for people to know the actions certain people make, they
are putting others in danger by actions bystanders are making
C. What makes someone a bystander?
D.Human behavior that involved being a bystander was an really harmful behavior that was being
displayed when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
" witnesses who heard her screams twice allegedly failed to call the police or rush to her rescue". III. "
if people can see that there are others around who are witnessing the incidents, everybody thinks
perhaps I'm not the best person to help them, that person there looks stronger, or maybe that person
their is more capable" C. People at times are too scared to react to things that may lead for them to get
involved or get hurt in any way. It's true sometimes putting a very close relative at risk can affect
people in different ways. This is why people try to avoid getting involved in a dangerous situation.
Conclusion:
Furthermore, the bystander effect has impact our society because now in present days people are too
afraid to react to the things that may be surrounding them throughout their neighborhoods. Many
people possibly think it is wrong to help others when they are witnesses of the bystander. Most people
will make excuses such as "It was all unclear I didn't know what was going on". In most cases it is
right to help others because they might be suffering and may need

Mature Minded Children
There are many children in this world who act with a mature mind, involving themselves in any adult
situations they come across. They act like they are mature enough to handle situations that do not
require their opinions or thoughts just because they are too young and inexperienced to comprehend
the situation that they are forcing themselves into. In doing so, they create pain to the adults that are
involved. Timothy Findley's novel, The Wars, Juliet, a character, involves herself in every situation
that only involves adults; consequently, she harms, threatens and disrespects her friends. Juliet is the
character in, The Wars, that has this kind of 'disorder'. She eavesdrops and uses her observation skills
to hear all the secrets that go on around their house. She feels no remorse with her continuous use of
eavesdropping towards the patients of the D'Orsay house. At that young of an age, she should be
looked after more by her parents to ensure she will not harm anyone else in the future and cause those
around her to feel threatened resulting in others not supporting her. Juliet's natural thoughts is to
threaten her friends when she feels it is necessary. Major Terry, Barbara's ex–boyfriend, is a soldier
who was injured and arranged to recover in the D'Orsay house. He was a sexual partner for Barbara
until Robert came to the house. Barbara becomes more interested in Robert and emotionlessly ignores
Major Terry. Juliet witnesses the actions Barbara has committed and decides

Hae Lee Murder Case Study
Introduction
Serial is a podcast about the murder of Hae Lee, a teenage girl, from Baltimore that was killed in
1999. The state of Maryland has convicted Adnan syad. He was convicted by the testament of Jay,
another student from their school. He claims that he witnessed the crime and the burial of the body.
He was also convicted because adnan's cell phone records partially match the testament the jay
claimed to have happened. Adnan still proclaims to be innocent and there is almost no other evidence
to convict him aside from Jay's story.
I personally believe that there is a third person that committed this murder. I don't think there is
enough evidence to convict adnan. I also don't believe jay is telling the truth. I think that jay worked
for somebody that killed Hae. I think there was an ulterior motive for this killing, somebody wanted to
convict adnan. I think jay plotted all of this out ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
No mentions of hate groups were made, and no other suspects found. There is no evidence to suggest
my opinion and no reports or witnesses. Also there is some evidence that is convicting to adnan such
as the cell records. There is also the question as to why somebody else would commit this murder.
There is no known reasons as to why somebody else would do this. Basically there is no evidence to
support my opinion.
Counter the counter argument
What I have actually based my opinion on is not the presence of evidence but the lack thereof. We
know there is not enough evidence to convict Jay or adnan so the only logical answer is to suggest a
third person. Jay also obviously knows about this crime so this is why I suggest he is there only to
convict adnan. The evidence that convicted adnan is so insignificant and so shallow that I can't believe
he committed this crime. The only evidence is Jay as a witness, and because of this I have to think that
he knows who really did it.

Eyewitness Testimony Essay
Eyewitness Testimony
Elizabeth Loftus has conducted many studies on eyewitness testimony (EWT).
In 1974 she worked with John Palmer to look at the ways that memory can be distorted. The studies
general aim was to explore the accuracy of memory after witnessing a car accident. In particular it
was to find out if leading questions distort the accuracy of eyewitness's immediate recall. It also aimed
to see if it was true that people were open to hints, as people are extremely bad at estimating the speed
of moving cars.
45 students were shown 7films of different traffic accidents. After each film, participants were given a
questionnaire asking them to describe the accident and then answer a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They may feel unsure about what to do and how to behave, and therefore would look for clues of what
is expected from them.
In 1975 Loftus worked alone to conduct another study on EWT. She showed participants a short video
of 8 demonstrators delivering a lecture. Participants were later given a questionnaire, containing the
critical question: 'was the leader of the 4 (or 12) demonstrators a male?'. one week later participants
were asked several questions including one about the number of demonstrators. Those who had been
asked about 4 demonstrators gave a mean answer of 6.4, while those asked about 12 demonstrators
gave a mean of 8.9. This further supports the idea that post–event information effects following recall.
In 1974 Loftus described a fabricated case to 50 students. A man and his granddaughter had been
murdered during a robbery at a grocery store. On the evidence presented just 9 students thought the
suspect was guilty. Yet, another group of 50 students was told that there was an eyewitness who could
identify the suspect. 36 participants from this group said that the suspect was guilty. A third set of
students was additionally told that the witness was not wearing his glasses during the crime and so
was unlikely to have seen the suspects face clearly. This study emphasizes the
Corall Ogugua.

Examining The Factors That Influence Eyewitness Testimony
Eyewitness testimony is the account of the witness of a certain event or incident. Throughout, the
witness is enforced to provide their experience to the court in order to take legal action towards the
incident. It is considered a very useful tool in courts. Yet, such a way to find out the truth is unreliable
as many witnesses fail to contribute in a positive way to grant courts accurate data of the incident.
This essay will be discussing the factors that influence eyewitness testimony including age, weapon
focus, stress, or the leading questions asked in court.
"When a witness perceives a complex event, a number of factors, such as the exposure time, or the
salience of the event, or the witness's prior expectations, will affect the accuracy of what is perceived
and stored in memory" (Loftus, 1996). To Begin with, Loftus has explained how the duration between
when the witness has to talk to the officials and the event can be such a crucial period. Humans
usually forget rapidly after an event and time will make one forget more gradually. Moreover, one's
memory isn't functioned in a way in which a video of events will stay in mind. A proof was made
through Loftus' experiment in 1975 where he showed the witnesses a film of a multiple–car accident
then added in the questionnaire having a stop sign where they all agreed that there was one. Yet,
statistics have shown that not mentioning the object would cause only 35% to claim there was one
considering the accident lasted 4

Antigone Mock Trial
Antigone Mock Trial Antigone: Charged with treason against The State and contempt What if
Antigone had been given a fair trial with a jury of her peers? Would they have condemned her still?
You get to be the prosecution & defense in determining a fair fate for Antigone. You must ask
yourselves, did Antigone act with treasonous intent against The State or were her actions otherwise
motivated? Even further, was this an act of the gods and beyond her control? During this trial, you
must base all your information strictly on the text. Of course, some improvising will be necessary to
create round characters for the trial, but your interpretations should still coincide with the text. Points
will be deducted for acting out of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Be sure to include a title/headline, facts, explanation, characters, and relevant pictures. During the
trial, you will decide a final verdict of Guilty or Not Guilty, and each submit a verdict sheet explaining
your reasoning. Jurors:__________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________. All roles will have
written portions that will be turned in for a grade at the completion of the trial on
_________________________. THE TRIAL OF SOPHOCLES' ANTIGONE For the trial of
Antigone, the prosecution had the City of Thebes charge Antigone with treason and contempt. Since
finding Theban statutes would take more time and effort than needed, we will use the United States
Code. The statute for treason stipulates: Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war
against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort within the United States or
elsewhere, is guilty of treason and shall suffer death, or shall be imprisoned not less than five years
and fined under this title but not less than $ 10,000; and shall be incapable of holding any office under
the United States. Federal case law holds that there are two elements to the crime of treason:
adherence to the enemy and intent to betray. Absent one there is no treason. To sustain the charge of
treason the government must prove the following

Lord Of The Flies By William Golding
Lord of the Flies Psychology Sometimes people wear fake personas like a cloak over their shoulders,
used to hide what is really underneath. This harsh reality is witnessed in William Golding's classic
Lord of the Flies, a novel that is famous for not only its sickening plot, but also for the emotional
breakdowns all of its characters experience. These issues are akin to those shown in certain real–world
psychological experiments. A summary of Golding's Lord of the Flies, combined with the evidence
shown in a psychological experiment referred to as "The Bystander Effect", describe how the
disturbing behaviors in each scenario parallel one another and show the dark side of humanity. The
novel Lord of the Flies begins with a plane crashing onto an island, suspected to be fleeing England
during World War II. The only survivors are a group of schoolboys who, despite the circumstances,
are initially elated; at their age, the lack of adult supervision and the idea of a real–life adventure are
too tantalizing to ignore. They set up a system in which a boy named Ralph is elected as the chief, and
a white conch shell is used to both call for meetings and speak at them (Golding 33). But good things
are never built to last; a boy named Jack, who is jealous of Ralph's leadership, begins to drive a rift in
the group by offering the idea of endless fun instead of work. Eventually, this consumes the boys to
the extent that the prospect of rescue is forgotten and an obsession with hunting

Process of Solving a Homicide Essay
Solving A Homicide
Solving a crime is difficult for detectives. Homicides are even harder cases to solve, the only person
that can really tell what happened is dead. So many people are afraid to step up as witnesses, they fear
their life would be in jeopardy for helping the detectives. For homicide detectives, the first forty–eight
hours is the most critical part for solving a case. After that, the probability of solving the case reduces
by fifty percent. Each passing hour gives suspects more time to get away, witnesses more time to
forget what they saw, and crucial evidence more time to be lost forever. There are several steps to take
in solving a homicide. From the moment the first officer arrives on the scene, he/she will need to ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then the lead officer will need to determine the boundaries of the scene starting at the central point
and extending outward, safeguarding the crime scene with yellow police tape noting possible paths of
entry and exits of suspects and witnesses. It's better to close off a larger area at first and then make
smaller if needed. The precautions that are taken are very important to safeguarding evidence and
minimizing contamination. By now the crime scene has been labeled a homicide and detectives have
been dispatched to the scene. When the detectives arrive the lead officer will then provide a detailed
crime scene briefing to the detective in charge of the scene. This briefing will be the only opportunity
for the detective to receive the initial aspects of the crime scene prior to subsequent investigation.
Since the crime scene and any/all evidence collected are the key factors in making a case, the crime
scene must be documented as soon as possible including, appearance and condition of the scene upon
arrival, lights on/off, shades up/down, doors, windows open/closed, any unusual smells, ice, liquids,
weather conditions, temperature, and any personal items that may have been left behind. Once the
lead detective has been briefed and evaluates the scene him/herself, he/she will then need to determine
if consent to search and/or obtaining a search warrant is needed. The scene assessment allows the lead
detective

E Report : Resource Utilisation, Witness Accuracy And...
e Report, for Resource Utilisation, Witness Accuracy and Psychological Methods for Detection and
Successful Prosecution.
In order to comprehend the contribution of psychology to areas of criminal investigation it is
important to evaluate research into two of the following areas of criminal investigation: eye witness
testimony and offender profiling as well as assess the implications of the findings in the area of
criminal investigation. In addition, this essay, with reference to relevant psychological research,
discuss how the characteristics of the defendant may influence jury behaviour as well as analyse two
psychological influences on the decision making process of juries. In order to improve the efficiency
of detection and successful prosecution of crime it is important to underline that in a previous
administration, detection of serious crime was poor and eyewitness testimony appeared very
unreliable, partly due to standard interview techniques yielding confusing results. It is therefore this
essays primary focus is to provide the chief constable with a report explaining how psychologists
might be able to improve this situation with a full evaluation of process and evidence.
It is no secret that forensic psychology is an example of an area where psychologists apply their
knowledge of psychological approaches, methods and treatments to a specific problem. However,
before assessing the implications, it is crucial to establish the research methods used in criminal

Effective Witness Protection Law
In light of the, fifth objective the researcher has made certain observations in the study and
corresponding to the same following suggestions have been made to plug gaps and to overcome the
abovementioned difficulties :
(i) The researcher suggests to formulate and acknowledges a comprehensive policy and legislation for
witness protection, not as a favor but as a duty of states.
(ii) The Witness Protection legislation is a crucial part of the strategy of crime prevention and without
an effective legislation, key witnesses are unlikely to co–operate in giving vital evidence. However,
for any witness protection law to be effective, it is essential that it be seen as credible in the eyes of
the general public.
(iii) Effective witness protection legislation, should involve all the three concerned agencies – police,
government and judiciary. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Provision should be made to fast track cases where witnesses are under protection. Even if this is not
always possible, Judges should be made aware of certain defense lawyers' efforts to needlessly drag
cases involving witnesses under protection in the hope that these witnesses will succumb to stress and
leave the protection. The spirit behind Section 309 of Cr.P.C must be realized in true sense by the
court and adjournment should be exercised in exceptional situations only.
(v) If the Court thinks it fit, then the identity of the witness should be changed. But this should not
confine to merely change of name. If the situation demands,

Essay about Eye Witness Testimony
Eye Witness Testimony
The language used by the police when interviewing witnesses and barristers during a trial may
influence answers given by witnesses, this language may affect initial perception and subsequent
recall. Both of these effects are shown in the study by Loftus & Palmer {1974).
My experiment into this field showed the leading question with the `verb` contained the information
about what the answer should be, thus language can have a distorting effect on EWT, which can lead
to inaccurate accounts of the witnessed account. This was most certainly true in the study carried out,
most participants gave a higher estimation of speed when the word in the critical question was
changed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Current serving police officers of today state they use The Cognitive Interview Technique when
interviewing witnesses. With this approach the witness is asked to recall details of the incident in
various different orders and to recall everything they remember whether they feel it is relevant or not,
recall the event from a different perspective, such as that of another witness. Before the nineties,
questioning was done very much on `critical questioning sometimes oppressive questioning which
could produce unsafe information thus sometimes leading to false arrest and imprisonment, it was
realised from previous studies into this field things had to change. Today the police have different
policies, interviews are based on single questions and open replies and the technique changed on the
advent of tape recorded interviews and change of style. Serving Police Officers have voiced only one
disadvantage of this type of interview in that it can be time consuming.
When starting an interview police go back to the time where the witness is relaxed and comfortable
before the event and a picture is built up from there, police are encouraged to avoid making
judgmental and personal comments, to encourage witnesses to speak slowly, minimise distractions,
tailor the complexity of language to suit individual witnesses to allow a pause between the

Reconstruction Of Automobile Destruction Undertaken By...
Overview
The study, Reconstruction of Automobile Destruction undertaken by Loftus & Palmer in 1974
consisted of two experiments, these experiments were completed in order to test their hypothesis that
'the way in which a question about an eyewitness testimony was asked can change the recollection of
events perceived by the witness'. The study served to aid the argument that memory can be altered and
distorted when they subject is presented with new information that is given prior to the event. In order
to test their hypothesis, Loftus & Palmer conducted two laboratory experiments; both experiments
took the design of an independent measures. The first experiment consisted of a group of 45 students
who were shown footage of car accidents, following each film questionnaires were answered. The
critical question from this questionnaire was in regards to the speed at which the car was travelling. In
this question the verb used to describe the actions changed, meaning this was the independent
variable. The results of this question varied depending on the verb used. With the highest mean speed
being for the word 'smashed' and the lowest for the verb 'contacted'. The dependent variable in this
experiment was the estimated mean speed.
The second experiment differed in that it had a sample size of 150 students, they were divided into
groups of 50. Again the groups were shown footage of car accidents however in this experiment one
group of 50 were asked how fast the cars were

Testing the Accuracy of Eyewitnessed Accounts
The sole purpose of this experiment was to test the accuracy of eyewitness accounts. It was
hypothesized that more than 50% of the questions asked would be incorrect. The results fully support
the hypothesis. Out of the five questions that were asked, only one was answered correctly by both
participants. One of the major factors affecting the reliability of eyewitness testimony is
reconstructive memory. Reconstructive memory refers to the idea that the retrieval of memories does
not occur in the accurate form but rather as a recollection of memories involving a process of trying to
reconstruct past events, This idea was first produced by Sir Fredrick Bartlett where he suggested that
certain pieces of information is stored and when it time to recall it, the pieces are then reconstructed
based on personal interpretation. (McLeod, 2009) It is also believed that if new information is
introduced after the event but before the actual recalling of the event, then the newly introduced
information would have tremendous influence on what the person actually recalls. Therefore, memory
can be regarded as flexible in nature. Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus also explained the theory by
saying that the recollection of an event is placed into long–term memory after which it is
reconstructed because of particular instances such as pictures, or life events that may remind the
individual of an actual event they may have experienced. The nature of questions asked can also
spawn answers related

Trial Memo
Republic of the Philippines
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
National Capital Judicial Region
Pasig City
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff,
–vesus– Crim. Case No. 12345–H Violation of R.A. 6539 (Anti–Carnapping Act)
ROMULO TAKAD, Accused.
x––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
x
DEFENDANT`S MEMORANDUM
Defendant, by counsel, respectfully submits its memorandum in the case:
The Case
The prosecution, through the undersigned Public Prosecutor, charges Romulo Takad with the crime of
violation of R.A. 6539 (Anti–Carnapping Act) by alledging that the accused, with intent to gain and
without the knowledge and consent of the owner, did, then and there willfully, unlawfully and
feloniously ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He could have very well meant that "kung makikita ko `yan sa Pasig, idedemanda ko kayo ng
carnapping dahil wala kayong karapatang kunin ang tricycle sa amin". She was not even present at the
carnapping incident and merely relied on the communication to her by Parlade in the morning. With
the foregoing, Aguirre could not solely base the accusation by mere suppositions and presumptions in
order to incriminate Takad.
II. CREDIBILITY OF THE EYEWITNESSES
First. Zenny, on her testimony, stated that she knew of the incident when Parlade told her about it at
7:00 in the morning while Parlade alledged that after he ran to chase the tricycle which was then
driven by the carnapper and he failed to catch up with it, he and Zenny looked for the tricycle the
whole night.
Second. The tricycle was stolen in the early morning of November 21, and Parlade gave his statement

to the police in the afternoon of the same day as supported by his affidavit which was timed 1:30pm.
Third. Parlade said he was 5 meters away and so somewhat near from the tricycle when it was stolen
which was against his sworn statement wherein he stated "medyo malayo". And when he shouted, the
carnapper looked back but suddenly started the motor. From that Parlade said he recognized the
carnapper whose purpose was to flee and so merely glanced back. This was incoherent with his
testimony in the witness stand that the man looked backed at him in the terms "medyo matagal po".
Fourth.

Change Blindness And Its Effects On Blindness
Many studies and experiments have been conducted to explain why change blindness occurs and in
what situations is change blindness more likely to occur. Literature on change blindness is quite
extensive, as it is an emerging area in psychology. A number of researchers have conducted
experiments into the key areas where change blindness has been found to cause consequential
outcomes. These areas include the effects of change blindness on eye witness testimonies, driving
ability, and effects on autism. Literature on change blindness places an emphasis on methodology and
this literature review will focus primarily on this. According to Simons & Levin (1998) change
blindness is the phenomenon that occurs when a person fails to detect large changes between one
viewed scene and another. Recent studies show similar findings and evidence as to the original
literature into change blindness. As stated by Rensink, 2002 (as cited in Davies & Hone, 2007),
change blindness has been the subject of intensive research in recent years beginning with studies in
which researchers manipulated the content of abstract scenes.
Researchers do differ on their perspectives on change blindness depending upon their method
approach and background or field; however literature is largely in an agreed consensus as to what
change blindness is and its effects on attention. Change blindness is studied by using the methodology
of change detection, which is where participants are shown two stimuli that are

Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Anxiety...
Outline and evaluate research into the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of eye witness testimony. Eye
witness testimonies are the evidence given in court or in police investigation by someone who has
witnessed a crime or an accident. Eye witness testimonies are affected by a number of factors, but the
one that I am going to focus on is anxiety. Laboratory studies and some 'real life' studies have
generally shown impaired recall in people who have witnessed particularly distressing or anxiety
induced situations. The weapon focus effect phenomenon as identified by Loftus 1979, she asked
participants to sit outside a laboratory where they thought they were hearing a genuine exchange
between people inside the laboratory. In the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They found that the people which had been subject to the greater level of anxiety (the victims) showed
more detailed recall than the bystanders, therefore criticising Loftus 1975 as they found that a higher
level of intermediate anxiety improves the accuracy of recall, whereas Loftus found that participants
which were subject to low levels of anxiety had improved recall of recognising the man in the
amicable discussion. A 'law' first proposed by Yerkes and

Finding Truth And Finding Peace
This past week we read some very different articles in terms of what they were witnesses to. To me a
witness is someone who tells a story in hopes of finding truth and finding peace. A witness mean
someone who is willing to listen to people tell theirs stories and continue to tell those stories when
other people are no longer able to. While visiting the Africa Burial Grounds going through the
different exhibits, I came across a quote that I believe describes in perfect detail what a witness is.
"I'm for truth no matter who tells it, I'm for justice no matter who it is for or against. I'm a human
being first and foremost, and as such I'm for whoever and whatever benefits humanity" (Malcolm X).
I believe that a witness's job is to tell the truth regardless of whom that truth will affect. We as people
have the obligation to other human beings to be just and tell their stories, and fight for them when they
are not able to. While visit the African Burial Grounds I considered my self to be witness what these
people went through. Throughout the museum there were different stories that depicted tremendous
suffering. There was a particular picture that stood out to me and it was of when African Americans
were taken from Africa to be transported to the United States. The picture showed African Americans
being thrown over board because they were dead, sick, or about to die. In that instance I considered
my self a witness because learning about the slave trade those details were

America's Flawed Legal System Illustrated in the Film, The...
Reading newspapers or watching TV at home, at least we find one article or news describing a killing,
a shooting, or an armed robbery. With all these problems, we are in fear but cannot avoid hearing and
dealing with them. They happen every day and some time justice system blunders and leads to
wrongly convict people for what they do not commit. This is reality of wrecked system that is resulted
by injustice and corruption. Ultimately, Errol Morris confirms this reality based on a true story of an
innocent convicted Randal Adams for a criminal case by creating a film, The Thin Blue Line. David
Harris, an important accuser, claims Adams was a murderer and shot Robert Wood, a Dallas police
officer. With Morris' suspicion of Adams' innocence, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He accuses Adams for murder of Wood as he was in the event with Adams. Immediately, Morris cuts
to the red light after Harris' interview, which simply implies a suspicion of Harris' guilt. Morris starts
pulling our attention from this part to look back on Adams' guilt and Harris' accusation. Moving on
with his effort, Morris continues to study the details of the story by continuing to interview Adams
and Harris. The two men continue the story how they came to meet each other until a shooting event
of Wood occurred. Morris does this beginning part to study Adams' case as he believes Adams was
wrongly convicted and Morris was a real murderer.
The movie keeps progressing to support Morris' belief of unlawful legal proceedings and unjust
conviction. Morris recreates a series of events to prove his belief by establishing recreations. The first
recreation is Adams' interrogation that he was asked to confess to the shooting of Wood but he would
not confess to what he had not done. He says, "I do not remember anything after I got back to the
motel. I was not in a car during the shooting and I did not kill anybody." However, the police officers
do not believe Adams and suspect him as a murderer because of evidence from Harris and the surprise
witnesses. They continue investigating the case, but no additional evidence can be found. To close the
case fast, the police department states that Adams singed a confession that he had confessed

Difference Between Eyewitness Testimony
Whether an individual is a witness for or against your case, there are signs that a person may not be
reliable. The following are a few things to look for.
A witness's statement does not agree with the evidence
This is not always obvious because a witness's statement can seem accurate except for a single
variance with the physical evidence. This can be important because of the case were to go to trial, a
simple discrepancy in the testimony could be exploited by the opposing attorney. Although it is
normal for eyewitness testimony not to be perfect, if there is a difference between the witness's
account and a particular piece of evidence, there is a chance that some or all of the testimony has been
derived from the statement of one of the parties in the lawsuit or criminal case.
There is a bias with the witness
If the witness is a friend or relative of one of the parities involved, there is an obvious bias that the
witness may have. This doesn't mean that the witness's statement is necessarily inaccurate, but
anytime there is a relationship between a witness and the party being sued or is suing, then the
statement may be questionable. As a private investigator, we can run a background check on someone
to determine if there is a family relationship or perhaps a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whether a witness's testimony will still be valuable in court is up to an attorney, but in general, the
greater the change, the more unreliable the witness is. The key element is whether the witness was on
record with their first story. If their first statement was not recorded and is one that was verbal, the
second statement that was a recorded witness statement may carry more weight. This is why it is
important to have a witness statement documented, and have it done as early as possible while the
event is still fresh in a person's mind. A private investigator has skills and legal knowledge to record
an in person witness statement

The Bystander Effect: A Pivotal Study
The problem my group has chosen to address is a problem many people experience throughout their
lifetime: ambiguous emergency situations. Every year there are over 240 million 911 calls in the
United States (National, 2014). For each call, there are countless people who do not call 911 in
potential emergency situations. Situations of emergency nature often demand prompt action, however
situational influences may create barriers and slow or halt any response (Latane & Nida, 1981). Due
to these situational influences, people may have a difficult time understanding when an emergency
response is warranted. Added to the ambiguous nature of some emergencies, this combination can be
deadly.
The bystander effect has known effects on emergency situations, creating inaction when groups of
people witness an event (Darley & Latane, 1968). Pluralistic ignorance and social proof principle are
other social process that can cause major problems in the evolution of a crisis response. People in
groups witnessing a potential emergent situation will look to others for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The bystander effect has been studied multiple times across many different scenarios, and the overall
findings have been quite similar (Fischer et al., 2011). Darley and Latane's (1968) pivotal study
uncovered the effect of bystanders in the classic experiment where participants witnessed another
participant having a seizure over an intercom system. Participants were witness to the emergency
either alone, or in the perceived presence of other participants. Darley and Latane found the
individual's speed of reporting the emergency and feelings of personal responsibility decreased with
the presence of other bystanders. This study opened the gates for subsequent research and led
researchers to understand that it is often the presence of bystanders, rather than an indifference
towards the victim, that leads to inaction in an

Leonora Sutter's Argument Essay 'Witness'
Witness Argument Essay In the story witness the title gives away that there were things that people
saw heard and experienced, some know more than others and that's what makes the story interesting.
One person that witnessed the most was Leonora Sutter.
She was a 12 year–old, African American who was engaged with what was happening around her.
Lenora was aware and knew what was going on, which was interesting to know because she is only
12. She knew that in her community there was a big problem with racism. As she quotes in the story,
"I made a pie for Mr. Fields, I don't know if he could see me well enough to judge the color of my
skin. I don't know if my color mattered to him." (witness pg41) Leonora is feeling emotions that an
adult going ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It makes you think about if she were to act, feel, and express her feelings in a different way than what
she did in the story, about what could possibly happen and how other characters would react. Leonora
was nice and caring, saying that if she wasn't the nice girl like she was in the story could've gotten her
in a lot of trouble with the whites. She would've said things she shouldn't have and did things that
would get herself or others hurt but luckily she was feeling and expressing smart emotions that helped
protect her. If she would have been arrogant she could have possibly said a rude comment to one of
the clan members and that would've been the end of her. It is a good thing to stand up for yourself but
at this point in time if Leonora was to stand up for herself she could've gotten in trouble or hurt,
because following along with the story the Klan members don't care about blacks and they won't put
up with anything that is not in their liking. When she got scared in the story she went and hid in the
closet away from the clansmen burning the cross, instead of telling anyone or telling them to go away,
which at the time it was a smart decision to stay back. (Witness pg. 54) Leonora also has a protective
trait which makes her a more helpful selfless person, if she wouldn't have been that way she wouldn't
have saved Esther from being hit by that train.

Mob 's Target Nicely Conveys The Premise Of This Crime...
The title MOB'S TARGET nicely conveys the premise of this crime thriller. The plot focuses on an
insecure and fearful accountant who testifies against a major mobster, sending him to prison. The mob
wants revenge and she's the target. She enters a Witness Protection program, but an enforcer tracks her
down.
The goal of survival is clear and the stakes are life and death. There are several themes incorporated
into the script about trust, revenge, justice, survival, and second chances.
The script also poses some intriguing moral questions, especially for the police chief Joe. He has to
struggle with the moral argument of family vs. justice. He clearly has a moral dilemma.
With that said, this is a plotline that has been done before, but ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The plot also offers another coincidence with the idea that Megan's father was murdered and that
Brown investigated it. Again, too many coincidences cause one to question the credibility of the plot.
In this case, it's not clear how Megan's dad being murdered is relevant, or how it connects to the
plotline. The backstory is left dangling for the audience. It's a serious backstory to have a parent
murdered; yet there's no payoff for the reveal.
Normally, a backstory has some emotional affect on the current storyline. For example, if Megan were
home when her dad was killed and she was unable to protect and save him, then this could be a
relevant inner conflict for her. She could carry the guilt about her father and now she has to learn to
protect herself. Or in another example, if Megan were home when her dad was murdered, maybe she
saw the killer and now years later he reappears. Regardless, the idea of the connection to Brown isn't
clear and it's suggested to eliminate this connection unless there's a solid link to the present day
storyline and the past.
The opening sets the tone for a mobster story. It establishes that Nick is deadly. However, the scene
isn't as tense or suspenseful as it could be. One reason for this is that the audience isn't emotionally
invested in the owner of the bookshop and the dialogue and action doesn't create compelling enough
tension.
The other concern about the tone is that, in

Aaron Hernandez Case Study
Graphic descriptions and crime scene photos were the focus of the first full day of witnesses
testimony in the case against Aaron Hernandez.
>> DAY TWO OF THE TRIAL IS UNDERWAY, CLICK HERE TO WATCH LIVE
Hernandez is accused of fatally shooting Daniel de Abreu and Safiro Furtado shortly after the
encounter on July 16, 2012 as the two men sat in their car at a stoplight.
Graphic descriptions and crime scene photos were the focus of the first full day of witnesses
testimony in the case against Aaron Hernandez.
"I noticed the front seat passenger had a gunshot wound to the head," said Sgt. Shawn McCarthy with
the Boston Police.
McCarthy was one of the first to respond to a report of shots fired at the intersection of Herald and
Shawmut.

Pros And Cons Of Hearsay Testimony
When a crime is committed, one of the most important evidences for convincing jurors to make the
decision is witness evidence. Witnesses in crimes have also been a crucial part on determining the
final verdict. However, child witness testimony should not be allowed due to the harm that it inflicts
on children. The article between a rock and a hard place: Why hearsay testimony may be a necessary
evil in child sexual abuse cases by Watters, T., Brineman, J., & Wright, S. compares the positive and
negative of using hearsay testimony instead of child testimony. The authors argues that the benefits
outweighs the cost.
Personally, I agree with the author's argument of the pros outweighing the cons when it comes to
hearsay testimony. The negatives to child witness ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the child has to face with the defendant of the crime who may possibly have been guilty.
In addition, the defense attorney will question the child or even accused of the child on fabricating
abuse (Watters, Brineman & Wright, 2007). Furthermore, the traumatization faced by the child may
cost psychological damages in the near future. In the study by Wolfman, M., Brown, D., & Jose, P.
(2016), 27 trained child witness interviewers are brought into the study as participants. Half of the
participants works full time and the average experience is 5.2 years. The study found that depending
on the relationship with the defendant and the severity of the damaged caused to the child, the
responses to the questions will be effected due to increase in anxiety and intimidation (Wolfman,
Brown & Jose, 2016). Since the child has to go through multiple interviews before trail such as
caretaker, police or social services, the risk may increase. The effect of multiple trails compared to
single trails can lead to more negative effects on mental health, children experience more

A Difficult Trial: Jury undecided Essays
We the jury find the defendant, Not Guilty!
Today is the last day of the trial. We have heard all of the witnesses and now we know that we must
deliberate. I know that some of the "witnesses" are liars. Some make valid points and I know without
a doubt in my mind that Captain Preston is an innocent man and that his men were provoked. As I
listened to the witnesses, here is what I came to believe:
The witnesses for the prosecution have very different stories as do some of the witnesses for the
defense. Ebenezer Hinkley testified to the fact that the crowd became rowdy and accosted to guards
with sticks and other flying objects. He claims he saw Montgomery gets hit before he fired the first
shot and said he was approximately 16 feet away ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After the first shot was fired, he heard someone say fire but could not distinguish who. I think that
Jane Whitehouse is lieing for the prosecution. She seems to try to implicate a 3rd party that wasn't the
captain nor on of his men.
Preston's deposition seems to be nothing but the truth if not exagerated to some extent. He states that
the crowd became unruly and that he never gave the order to fire. Why would a man give the order to
fire when standing between his men and the crowd as he stated and several witnesses concurred? After
the danger to their well–being became to much and they were stuck, the men took it upon themselves
to fire back and it seems that the order to fire came from someone in the crowd.
Taking the eyewitness tetimony into consideration, I decided to address some issues that I had. Many
of the witnesses seemed to be to far away to really distinguish what was going on with it being so
dark. I am still unsure why the firebell was ringing when there was no fire. This is just a personal
opinion, but I think someone wanted this crowd to assemble for a reason. Listening to the testimony, I
believe that the crowd did become aggressive and fairly large in size. I feel that the crowd came to
close to the men and began to throw objects at them. When one flying object struck a soldier,
Montgomery, he fired back. There may have come an order to fire after the second shot but I am

Analysis Of The Film ' Antwone Fisher '
Good Morning Gentleman and Ladies – I appreciate the DA giving me an opportunity to speak to you.
I have read the background information on your specific case. Today's presentation will present on
overview of the research concerning false memories and how such findings could apply to this
particular case. I will then outline some situations that are known to increase the likelihood of false
memories and end with strategies that may reduce the occurrence of false memories
By way of introduction – and if you will indulge my brief nod to Hollywood – this is often how the
issue of memory is portrayed by popular media. In the 2002 film, Antwone Fisher, Denzel Washington
plays a military psychologist who is tasked with evaluating the mental health of recently demoted
seaman, Antwone Fisher. As the film goes on Denzel Washington discovers (along with the rest of us)
Antwone Fisher's highly traumatized past. Through the cinematic use of multiple flashback scenes
Antwone is gradually brought back to "the scene of the crime" seemingly remembering such details as
the overall abuse in addition to the exact placement of holes in the wall or buckets on the floor or shirt
he was wearing. In other words, the flashback scenes depict a kind of grand narrative of absolute truth
that we, as viewers don't question. Antwone Fisher simply needed a nudge by a safe, albeit stern
father figure in order to remember it all.
Additionally the film is bookended by a dream sequence of a young

The Invention Of Dna Testing
Improper forensics, bad lawyering, snitches, unqualified "experts," eye witness misidentification, false
confessions, and mishandled evidence are all just a few reasons for wrongful convictions in the justice
system. However, the authors of Actual Innocence: When Justice Goes Wrong and How to Make it
Right, discuss how DNA is a main factor into "actually innocent" people. Throughout this book we
learn stories about those who were wrongfully convicted and later proven guilty for reasons such as
DNA testing. While this proves to us that not everyone convicted is guilty, it points out many other
errors in the criminal justice system as well. The beginning chapters of the book discuss the invention
of DNA testing as well as the unreliability of eye witness testimony. As of 2003, the authors mention
that thirty–two states had post conviction DNA testing statutes with legislation pending in ten others
(Dwyer 352). This allows testing when there is such DNA evidence relating to the crime available.
More than two thirds of the 130 post conviction DNA exonerations in the United States involved
mistaken eye witness identifications (Dwyer 353). This is because witnesses are encouraged to pick
which participant compares best to the image they have in their head even though the true perpetrator
may not be present. Eye witness testimonies are the primary source brought against defendants and is
one of the most important ones that need to focus on reform. Later chapters bring up the

Agatha Christie's 'The Witness For The Protection'
Detective fiction is more than just solving a mystery. It is a story that each and every reader connects
with in a different way. Whether that be the reader loving the double–plot twist and mini mysteries
sprinkled throughout. There is always that crave for questions and the desire to want to solve them.
Throughout my time reading The Witness for the Protection, I have come to notice different things
take I have taken from the text versus points the class has talked about. There is never just one way to
interrupt a story or book. Rather, it is all up to your imagination and how willing the reader is to fully
commit to not only just a story, but a detective fiction story. Agatha Christie is one of the most well–
known mystery story authors. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are other characters placed in the story that make you feel for him and give you reasons for him
to be innocence, but then there are not only characters, but facts that make if seems as if he is guilt
and this whole story was a waste of time. Why read the story just to know in the end that he is still
guilty? There are many emotions also going on in the story. You feel terrible for the poor old lady who
was murdered so you immediately hate whoever killed her. You then also feel and for Leonard
because he keeps telling the readers that in fact he is not guilty, but if he is you will not feel bad for
him at all. You also feel for Mr. Mayherne who is now trying to figure all of this out and goes as far as
he can to try and figure out exactly to the dime what time the murder was at and where everyone was
and when everyone was back home and so forth. It seems as if this story has no end and there is no
solution for Leonard. I also believe that after time keeps passing, it becomes harder to remember
exactly all of the facts. Especially for Leonard because his memory could possibly be fading each and
every day. I know for certain that as each day goes one it is harder and harder to remember something
from the previous day. That is just how the human brain

Eyewitness Identification, Criminal, And Criminal Law Essay
Imagine being at home with your family, when a knock comes at the door. You go to answer the door
and you are promptly arrested and taken away from your family. Why, because you have been
identified by someone as the perpetrator of a crime you have never heard of. Since you know that you
are innocent you don't worry, until you get to the sentencing. Once you are sentenced for 50 years
without parole, reality takes hold. You may think this cannot happen to you, but until we fix some
major flaws with law enforcement, prosecution deals, and an overloaded system: This could happen to
anyone. State prosecutors should not be able to convict anyone on eyewitness testimony only, without
any other physical or forensic evidence.
In eyewitness identification, in criminal law, evidence is received from a witness "who has actually
seen an event and can so testify in court." (Law.com Legal Online Dictionary) While this could be an
important piece of the investigation, it can never take the place of DNA, or forensic evidence.
Unfortunately, that happens all too much, with our overburdened legal and criminal justice systems.
"Eyewitness misidentification is widely recognized as the leading cause of wrongful conviction in the
U.S., accounting for more wrongful convictions than all other cause combined." (Boston College
Journal of Law and Social Justice, Volume 35:1, p.2) While we have been aware of this problem for
many years, innocent people are still being convicted daily. Too many people

The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson
Stonings have been around for centuries, it is something I heard about as a child in Sunday school,
something I thought was done in the past and not today. Stonings are alive to this day mostly in the
middle east. more often than not women are stoned more than men. Convictions in Iran are based on
witness testimony, judge conviction or confession; friends, family, neighbors and any other volunteers
may participate in the stoning of a victim. Stoning is a horrific way to die, sometimes taking up to two
hours to kill the victim. In the story "The Lottery" author Shirley Jackson has the towns people of the
story stone one of their own as a sacrifice while in the middle east people are stoned as a punishment
for "crime" this act of capital punishment is barbaric and should be banned.
In the story "The Lottery" every June 27th the town comes together to participate in the lottery where
the end result is one of the towns people is stoned as sacrifice for their crops to flourish. Once all are
together the town is gathered every head of the household draws a piece of paper from a black box for
his or her whole family. No one is allowed to look at their piece of paper until all the heads of
household have received their paper.
Once every head of household has their piece of paper everyone looks at his or her piece of to see if
they carry the paper with a black dot in the center. Whoever has the black dot in the center his or her
whole family has to draw again; man, woman, adult, and

The Case Of James Richardson
Many people are enraged with the U.S. court system and feel that it does its job based on prejudice,
unfair, and despicable standards in which it's not held accountable for. This inserts a fear of the justice
system within the people themselves with the resulting lack of trust created. There are countless cases
of injustice that have made their way through the U.S. Court System such as the case of James
Richardson was spent 21 years in jail for being accused for the poisoning and deaths of his 7 kids only
to be let out later on after the real criminal had confessed to the crimes. Another crime that can be put
on display is the case of James Bain who spent 35 years in prison (which is the longest time served by
anyone who has been wrongfully convicted) for being wrongfully accused of multiple crimes
including rape and was sent to prison for life only to finally be granted the use of DNA evidence
review for his case which eventually was the deciding factor that gave him his freedom back. The case
of Daryl Burton sickens many people to the core after he served 24 years in prison after being charged
with murder. It was later found out that the police who were on Burton's case pushed the "witnesses"
to go against Burton and accuse him of the false crime. There are countless examples that can be used
to show the devastating mistakes the court system has made over the years and the seemingly lack of
effort to not only get it right the first time but to consider the importance of

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