Food forests: fruit & nut tree guilds
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Rip out your lawn and replace it with a food forest. How to design a nut or fruit tree guild. Includes planting palettes for a black walnut guild, native plant guild, asian inspired guild, medicinal guild, medieval guild, ornamental guild, apple guild, pear guild and apple guilds.
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Food forests: fruit & nut tree guilds
- 1. Food forests: fruit & nut tree guilds
- 2. Conventional orchards are a constant battle against how a fruit tree wants to grow
- 3. Permaculture orchards include diverse layers of fruit trees, berry bushes & perennials
- 4. Food forests mimic wild forests & are ideal for home gardeners for diverse, regular harvests
- 6. When everybody is going the wrong way, are you brave enough to go the true way? A man can transform the world's agriculture from what he learns from an apple tree. ~Akinori Kimura, What I Learn From The Apple Trees
- 7. BRAZILIAN THINGS/CC BY-SA 4.0 We imagine the Amazon as untouched forest
- 8. Kuhikugu is a complex network of over 20 cities. Silnei L Andrade Many present Amazon forests, while seemingly natural, are domesticated… The Indians were in the process of terraforming the Amazon when Columbus showed up and ruined everything. ~Charles C. Mann
- 9. Maya Milpa cycle is one example of indigenous food forests cultivated for centuries
- 10. The big shift ...in horticulture over the next decade is a shift from thinking about plants as individual objects to thinking about plants as social networks - that is, communities of compatible [beings] interwoven in dense mosaics. ~Thomas Rainer
- 11. Whether you’re designing a meadow or a food forest, think in layers
- 12. Because trees, like people, are social beings
- 13. But get to know the extroverts & introverts Guy Henderieckx, Flickr
- 14. We’re planting a food forest at Lakeside Community garden
- 15. Individual fruit tree guilds, each adopted by a caring human, will weave together into a food forest
- 16. Stefan Sobkowiak’s permaculture orchard near Montreal is one of our inspirations
- 17. If you plant that way [polyculture], it becomes so much easier… so much more interesting and, overall, less work… Take a step toward nature and nature will always take ten steps towards you. ~Stefan Sobkowiak
- 18. The farmer sees themself as part of nature and connected to all that is. He does not want to control nature, but assist the living forces at work in the biosphere for many billions of years. He knows he does not grow the plants: the whole program of life of a plant is contained in the seed. Through their work, the farmer simply endeavors to promote its development. ~Ferme du Bec Hellouin in France
- 19. Start with woodchips “I am creating the very kind of soil that a tree wants to grow in.” ~Michael Phillips
- 20. canopy understory shrubs living mulches carpet the ground vines roots & tubers & bulbs fruits nuts berries leaves roots tubers bulbs sprouts shoots flower buds pods petals hips seeds Design with layers feeders (nitrogen fixers) protectors (insectaries) miners (minerals) edible (people or wildlife) biodiversity (resilience) enlivening beauty Think multiple gifts diversify edibles architectural mounding ferny grassy combine shapes erect spreading cascading perennial | annual | biennial | ruderallife expectancy Design the guild
- 22. An example: Black walnut (Juglans nigra) guild
- 23. Choose the nitrogen fixers that will feed the forest like blue false indigo, which butterflies also adore
- 26. Janet Gingold, iNaturalist Layer in an edible understory like the delicious pawpaw native to the Carolinian Forest
- 29. Add shrubs for harvest, nitrogen or biodiversity like Fringe tree just because I adore it, it gets along well with black walnuts & if you’re keen you can process the berries like olives
- 32. Earl Leatherberry, Flickr Create a dense herbaceous layer of perennial crops, mulch crops & insect attractors like this local woodland native Virginia waterleaf (Shawnee salad)
- 37. Add plants that attract pollinators & deter pests like this local native dog’s tooth violet with edible leaves & bulbs
- 38. Carrot (Apiaceae) family Daisy (Asteraceae) family Mustard (Brassicaceae) family Plants with small flowers in clusters attract the most beneficial insects like this naturalized cow parsley (which is too much of an extrovert for your garden)
- 41. Marshall Drummond BSc, Flickr Carpet the ground with plants that keep the soil cool & maximize biodiversity like self-seeding miner’s lettuce, an old favourite making a comeback
- 44. Include vines that grow up to layer in more edibles, nitrogen fixers & biodiversity like five flavour berry or Schisandra vine
- 47. Diego Chiu, Flickr Grow down for edible roots, shoots & to build organic matter like Chinese leeks (garlic chives) that also deter pests & attract pollinators
- 49. Planting palettes for nut or fruit tree guilds
- 50. Wild roses (Rosa spp.) Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum) Mulberry (Morus rubra) Snowberry (Symphoricarpos) Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata) Spotted beebalm (Monarda punctata) Elderberry (Sambucus spp.) Daylilies (Hemerocallis spp.) Woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum biflorum) Wild ginger (Asarum canadense) Eastern waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum) Walnut Grove Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
- 51. Hostas Crabapple (Malus spp.) Redbud (Cercis canadensis) Rose of sharon (Hibiscus syriacus) Rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa) Thyme (Thymus spp.) Showy stonecrop (Hylotelephium spectabile) Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum biflorum) Daylilies (Hemerocallis spp.) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago) Linden (Tilia cordata) Eat your ornamentals
- 52. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus) Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica ) American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) Currant (Ribes spp.) Nodding Wild Onion (Allium cernuum) Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) Eastern waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum) Wild ginger (Asarum canadense) False Solomon's Seal (Maianthemum racemosum) Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum spp.) Broad-leaved toothwort (Cardamine diphylla) Groundnut (Apios americana) American cranberry (Viburnum trilobum) Coneflower (Echinacea) Mulberry (Morus rubra) Native bounty
- 53. Lovage (Levisticum officinale) Wild Licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota) Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) Wild Blue Indigo, (Baptisia australis) Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) Bronze fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata) Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) Violets (Viola spp.) ‘Sweet Sixteen’ Oregano (Origanum spp.) Golden garlic (Allium moly) Apple (Malus spp.) ‘Connell red’ Apple Guild
- 54. & Shinko) Garden sorrel (Rumex acetosa ‘Profusion’) Lupin (Lupine spp.) Coneflower (Echinacea) Goumi (Elaeagnus multiflora) Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) Dill (Anethum spp.) Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum) Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum) ‘Yonashi’ Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum spp.) Garlic (Allium spp.) Kiwi (Actinidia arguta) Pear orchard Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Kenko’)
- 55. Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Sage (Salvia officinalis) Wild ginger (Asarum canadense) Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) Hairy sweet cicely (Osmorhiza claytonii) Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) Lungwort (Pycnanthemum spp.) Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) Stinging nettles (Urtica dioica) St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus) Nature’s Pharmacy Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)
- 56. Skirret (Sium sisarum) Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus) Good king henry (Chenopodium bonus-henricus) Betony (Stachys officinalis) Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) Thyme (Pycnanthemum spp.) Fava beans (Vicia faba) Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor) Grapevines (Vitis spp.) Lavender (Lavandula spp.) Medieval Potager Medlar (Mespilus germanica) Hamburg Parsley (Petroselinum crispum tuberosum)
- 57. Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia) Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas) Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum ) Angelica, Korean (Angelica gigas) Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum simulans) Gojiberry (Lycium spp.) Chinese Artichoke (Stachys affinis) Japanese Plum Yew (Cephalotaxus harringtonia ) Five flavour berry (Schisandra chinensis) Asian inspired Chinese cedar (Toona sinensis) Perilla (Perilla spp.) joyce_hostyn@yahoo.com | www.rewildmycity.com
- 58. False Indigo (Amorpha fruticosa) Wild gooseberry (Ribes hirtellum) Hazelnut (Corylus americana) Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides spp.) Aronia (Aronia spp.) Wild Leek (Allium tricoccum) American pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) Angelica (Angelica atropurpurea) Woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Wild grape (Vitis riparia) Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) Witherod/Wild raisin (Viburnum cassinoides) Pagoda dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) Wild plum (Prunus americana) Prickly Wild Rose (Rosa acicularis) Edible Fence (Hedgerow)