Apuntes de relativo para bachillerato.

2. That’s my new dress. It
cost me three hundred
euros.
That’s the new dress
which cost me three
hundred euros.

3.  Los pronombres
relatives que usamos son:
WHO: (que/quien) se usa
para antecedentes
humanos.
The woman who lives next
door is 60 years old.

4. WHICH: (que) se usa
para antecedentes no
humanos.
Here is the bookshop
which you visited last
week.

5.  THAT: (que/ quien). Puede usarse en
lugar de who o which , pero nunca en
oraciones explicativas (non-defining).
 Se prefiere después de ciertas palabras
como something, none, Little, only, all ,
etc.
 There’s nothing else that I can do to help
you.
 También se prefiere después de
superlatives:
 That novel is the worst book that I’ve
ever read.

6. WHERE: (donde) se
usa en sustitución de
lugares o adverbios
de lugar.
That’s the bookshop
where I bought your
present.

7. WHOSE: (cuyo)
sustituye a un posesivo
o a un genitivo sajón.
I met the man whose
daughter won the
prize.

8. WHEN: (cuando) se
emplea junto con THAT,
después de expresiones
de tiempo.
I remember the day
when/that you asked me
out.

9.  Estas son las especificativas españolas,
oraciones subordinadas necesarias para
identificar al antecedente de entre un
grupo.
 Debemos tener en cuenta, qué función
desempeña el relativo en la
subordinada:

10.  A man hijacked the plane. He wanted a
million dollars.
 I don’t like the programme. It won the
prize.
 Es imposible omitir el relativo ya que va
en lugar del sujeto, que es obligatorio en
las oraciones inglesas.

11.  A man hijacked the plane. He wanted a million
dollars.
 The man who/that hijacked the plane wanted
a million dollars.
 I don’t like the programme. It won the prize.
 I don’t like the programme which/that won the
prize.
 Es imposible omitir el relativo ya que va en
lugar del sujeto, que es obligatorio en las
oraciones inglesas.

12.  He met some people. Those people told
him about the event.
 You lent me a DVD. I didn’t like it.
 En estas sí podemos omitir el relativo.

13.  He met some people. Those people told
him about the event.
 The people (that/who) he met told him
about the event.
 You lent me a DVD. I didn’t like it.
 I didn’t like the DVD (that/which) you
lent me.
 En estas sí podemos omitir el relativo.

14.  A man is married. You are going out with
him.
 I keep my papers in a safe. It is locked.
 Se hacen igual que las de objeto,
manteniendo la preposición en su sitio y
omitiendo el relativo en la mayoría de los
casos.
 Si opto por una estructura más formal,
llevando la preposición al principio, no
puedo omitir el relativo y no puedo usar
that.

15.  A man is married. You are going out with him.
 The man (that/who) you are going out with is
married.
 The man with whom you are going out is married.
(Formal)
 I keep my papers in a safe. It is locked.
 The safe (that/which) I keep my papers in is locked.
 The safe in which I keep my paper is locked.(Formal)
 Se hacen igual que las de objeto, manteniendo la
preposición en su sitio y omitiendo el relativo en la
mayoría de los casos.
 Si opto por una estructura más formal, llevando la
preposición al principio, no puedo omitir el relativo y
no puedo usar that.

16.  The student failed the exam. His answers
were all wrong.
 Some cars are likely to skid. Their tyres
are worn.
 No es muy normal si el antecedente no
es humano. Se prefiere with:
 Some cars with worn tyres are likely to
skid.

17.  The student failed the exam. His answers
were all wrong.
 The student whose answers were all wrong
failed the exam.
 Some cars are likely to skid. Their tyres are
worn.
The cars whose tyres are worn are likely to
skid.
 No es muy normal si el antecedente no es
humano. Se prefiere with:
Some cars with worn tyres are likely to skid.

18.  That is the town. I was born there.
 I remember that day. I met the
president.

19.  That is the town. I was born there.
 That is the town where I was born.
 I remember that day. I met the
president.
 I remember the day (when/that) I
met the president.

20. En estas oraciones de relativo, el
antecedente ya está identificado y la
información podría omitirse sin dar lugar a
confusión. Es información extra pero no
relevante para saber a que antecedente
nos referimos.
Hay tres diferencias fundamentales:
 Van entre comas.
 Nunca usan that como relativo.
 Nunca se omite el relativo.
Veamos algunos ejemplos:

21.  The president visited Olvera last
week. He is in favour of
bullfighting.
 I don’t like Sálvame. It is rubbish.

22.  The president visited Olvera last
week. He is in favour of bullfighting.
 The president, who is in favour or
bullfighting, visited Olvera last week.
 I don’t like Sálvame. It is rubbish.
 I don’t like Sálvame, which is rubbish.

23. Amparo is the Art teacher.
Everybody loves her.
Yesterday I saw Ocho
apellidos vascos. I loved it.

24.  Amparo is the Art teacher. Everybody
loves her.
 Amparo, who everybody loves, is the Art
teacher.
 Yesterday I saw Ocho apellidos vascos. I
loved it.
 Yesterday I saw Ocho apellidos vascos,
which I loved.

25. Peter is married.
You are going out
with him.

26. Peter is married. You are going
out with him.
Peter, who you are going out
with, is married.
Peter, with whom you are
going out, is married. (Formal)

27. My brother failed
the exam. His
answers were all
wrong.

28. My brother failed the
exam. His answers were
all wrong.
My brother, whose
answers were all wrong,
failed the exam.

29. That is Olvera. I was born
there.
I remember November the
second. I met the president.

30. That is Olvera. I was born there.
That is Olvera, where I was born.
I remember November the
second. I met the president.
I remember November the
second, when I met the
president.

32. JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS
BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. OMIT THE
PRONOUN IF POSSIBLE.
1. The girl is my sister. I'm talking to the girl.
2. This is the chair. The carpenter repaired it last week.
3. She is married to a man. He is richer than her.
4. She is the friend. She helped me with my homework.
5. That is the swimming-pool. I used to go swimming
there.
6. That is the man. His wife is a famous actress
7. A doctor examined me last Friday. He was really
kind.
8. The woman called the police. Her car had been
stolen.
9. I went to a restaurant last week. It was very
expensive
10. I saw a film last night. It was very interesting

33. 1. The girl (who/that) I’m talking to is my sister.
2. This is the chair (which/that) the carpenter repaired last
week.
3. She is married to a man who/that is richer than her.
4. She is the friend that/who helped me with my homework.
5. That is the swimming-pool where I used to go swimming.
6. That is the man whose wife is a famous actress
7. A doctor who/that was really kind examined me last
Friday.
8. The woman whose car had been stolen called the
police.
9. I went to a restaurant last week which was very
expensive.The restaurant (that/ which) I went to last
week, was very expensive.
10. I saw a film last night which was very interesting. The film
(which/that) I saw last night was very interesting.

34.  JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS
BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. OMIT THE PRONOUN IF
POSSIBLE. ADD COMMAS IF NECESSARY.
1. My school is very big. It is in Madrid
2. Robert Pattinson is an actor. He plays Edward Cullen in the
Twilight saga.
3. Robert Pattinson is a British actor. He plays Edward Cullen
in the Twilight saga.
4. I bought this cake yesterday. It tastes delicious.
5. Michael is a policeman. His father is a judge.
6. I bought a computer last month. It doesn't work properly
7. Prince Charles will be the king of England one day. His
mother is Queen Elizabeth.
8. I was given a dog. It is very friendly.
9. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark
Twain. I enjoyed it a lot.
10. Mrs Kelly is the woman. She took me to hospital when I
fainted at school.

35.  JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS
BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. OMIT THE PRONOUN IF
POSSIBLE. ADD COMMAS IF NECESSARY.
1. My school, which is in Madrid, is very big.
2. Robert Pattinson , who plays Edward Cullen in the Twilight
saga, an actor.
3. I bought this cake, which tastes delicious, yesterday.
4. Michael, whose father is a judge, is a policeman.
5. My computer, which I bought last month, doesn’t work
properly.
6. Prince Charles, whose mother is Queen Elizabeth, will be
the king of England one day.
7. I was given a dog which is very friendly. The dog
(which/that) I was given is very friendly.
8. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which I enjoyed a lot,
was written by Mark Twain.
9. Mrs Kelly is the woman who took me to hospital when I
fainted at school.