Dlubal Customer projects 2013 RFEM and RSTAB

Customer Projects

RSTAB
The 3D Framework Program

RFEM
The ultimate FEA Program

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Designed with Dlubal Software...

Dlubal - Product Overview 2013

Frameworks Finite Elements Cross-Sections

1.1 RSTAB Basic 1.5 Tower 2.1 RFEM Basic 2.5 Tower 3.1 Thin-Walled 3.2 Solid
1.2 Steel TOWER 2.2 Steel RF-TOWER SHAPE-THIN SHAPE-MASSIVE
Generating lattice towers Generating lattice towers Cross-section properties Cross-section properties,
STEEL with equipment and RF-STEEL with equipment and and stress analysis stress analysis and
General stress design loading and design General stress design loading and design reinforced concrete design
for members according to Eurocode for members and
according to Eurocode
surfaces
STEEL EC3
Member design according 1.6 Connections RF-STEEL EC3 2.6 Glass Stand-Alone Programs
Member design according
to Eurocode 3 FRAME-JOINT Pro RF-GLASS
to Eurocode 3
Frame joints for frames Design of planar and
STEEL AISC
4.1 Steel 4.3 Timber
according to Eurocode 3 RF-STEEL AISC curved glass surfaces
Member design according and DIN 18800 Member design according CRANEWAY RX-TIMBER
to US standard to US standard Crane girder analysis Continuous beams, purlins,
ANSI/AISC 360-05 END-PLATE ANSI/AISC 360-05
2.7 Connections according to Eurocode 3, glued-laminated beams,
Rigid end plate connections RF-FRAME-JOINT Pro DIN 4132 and DIN 18800 columns,frames, braces
according to DIN 18800 RF-STEEL SIA Frame joints for frames and roofs according to
Part 1 Member design according according to Eurocode 3 PLATE-BUCKLING Eurocode 5 and DIN 1052
to Swiss standard SIA 263 and DIN 18800 Plate buckling analysis of
CONNECT stiffened plates according to
Shear connections RF-STEEL IS RF-END-PLATE Eurocode 3 and DIN 18800
according to DIN 18800 Member design according Rigid end plate connections
to Indian standard IS 800 4.2 Composite
according to DIN 18800
DSTV Part 1
Typified connections in RF-STEEL BS COMPOSITE-BEAM
steel building construction Member design according Composite beam design
STEEL SIA to British standard
RF-CONNECT according to
according to Eurocde 3 Shear connections
Member design according BS 5950-1:2000 DIN V ENV 1994-1-1
and DIN 18800 according to DIN 18800
to Swiss standard SIA 263
HSS RF-STEEL GB
STEEL IS Member design according RF-DSTV
Welded hollow structural Typified connections in
Member design according section connections
to Chinese standard
GB 50017-2003 steel building construction Integrated Interfaces
to Indian standard IS 800 according to Eurocode 3 according to Eurocde 3
STEEL BS RF-STEEL CS and DIN 18800 Tekla Structures
JOINTS Member design according Bidirectional interface
Member design according Design of connections
to Canadian standard RF-HSS for Tekla Structures
to British standard according to Eurocode 3 CS S16-09 Welded hollow structural
BS 5950-1:2000
section connections Autodesk
DOWEL RF-ALUMINIUM according to Eurocode 3 Bidirectional interface
STEEL GB Dowel connections with Member design according with Revit Structure and
Member design according slotted sheets according to Eurocode 9 RF-JOINTS AutoCAD, reinforcement
to Chinese standard to DIN 1052:2008,
Design of connections transfer from RFEM to
GB 50017-2003 DIN 1052:1988, RF-KAPPA according to Eurocode 3
SIA 164/HBT2 and Flexural buckling design Structural Detailing
ÖNorm B4100/2
General
STEEL CS according to DIN 18800 RF-DOWEL
Part 2 CAD Formats
Member design according Dowel connections with
to Canadian standard • rawing Interchange
D
slotted sheets according
CS S16-09
RF-LTB Format (.dxf)
to DIN 1052:2008,
Lateral torsional buckling • FC format (.ifc)
I
design according to DIN 1052:1988,
ALUMINIUM SIA 164/HBT2 and • DNF format (.dat)
S
DIN 18800 Part 2
Member design according ÖNorm B4100/2
to Eurocode 9 RF-FE-LTB
Lateral torsional buckling 2.8 Dynamics
KAPPA design according to
Flexural buckling design FE Method RF-DYNAM Basic
according to DIN 18800 Analysis of eigenvibrations
Part 2 RF-PLATE-BUCKLING Formats for
Plate buckling analysis of RF-DYNAM Addition I frameworks (.stp)
1.7 Dynamics stiffened plates according
LTB Forced vibration analysis • erman DSTV
G
Lateral torsional buckling DYNAM Basic to Eurocode 3 and product interface
design according to Analysis of eigenvibrations DIN 18800 RF-DYNAM Addition II • Bentley ProStructures (ISM)
Equivalent seismic loads for CAD reinforcement
DIN 18800 Part 2 • Tekla Structures
DYNAM Addition I RF-EL-PL earthquakes according to programs
Forced vibration analysis Ultimate limit state design Eurocode 8 and • lntergraph Frameworks • laser -isb cad- (.geo)
G
FE-LTB
according to El-Pl method international standards • Advance Steel • trakon (.cfe)
S
Lateral torsional buckling
design according to DYNAM Addition II • Bocad • emetschek Allplan (.asf)
N
Equivalent seismic loads for RF-C-TO-T • ADKON (.esf)
C
FE Method Width-to-thickness analysis 2.9 Others • Cadwork
earthquakes according to
Eurocode 8, DIN 4149 and according to DIN 18800 • SEMA
PLATE-BUCKLING RF-DEFORM
IBC 2000/2009 Deformation and deflection
Plate buckling analysis of 2.3 Concrete analysis for members
stiffened plates according to
Eurocode 3 and DIN 18800 1.8 Others RF-CONCRETE
Reinforced concrete design RF-MOVE
DEFORM for plates, walls, shells and Load case generation from
EL-PL Deformation and deflection members according to moving loads on members
Ultimate limit state design analysis Eurocode 2*), DIN 1045*),
according to El-Pl method
SIA 262*), ACI 318-11*) RF-IMP
RSMOVE and GB 50010*) Equivalent geometric
C-TO-T Load case generation from imperfections and
Width-to-thickness analysis moving loads RF-CONCRETE Columns pre-deformed initial Formats for
according to DIN 18800 Reinforced concrete design structures for members spread heet programs
s
RSIMP with model column method and surfaces • S Excel (.xls)
M
Equivalent geometric according to Eurocode 2*) • penOffice.org Calc (.ods)
O
1.3 Concrete imperfections and and DIN 1045*) RF-STABILITY • ext format (.csv)
T
CONCRETE pre-deformed initial Critical load factors
structures RF-PUNCH Calculation
Reinforced concrete design and buckling modes
for members according to Design of punching shear Programs
Eurocode 2*), DIN 1045*), RSBUCK resistance according to RF-SOILIN • NSYS APDL (.ans)
A
SIA 262*), ACI 318-11*) Effective lengths, Eurocode 2*) and DIN 1045*) Soil-structure interaction • CIA Engineer (.xml)
S
and GB 50010*) buckling loads, analysis according to • oFistik (.ifc)
S
bifurcation load factors RF-FOUNDATION Pro Eurocode 7, DIN 4019 • nfoGraph (.ifc)
I
Single, bucket and plate and CSN • rilo ESK/RS (.stp)
F
CONCRETE Columns
SUPER-RC foundations according to
Reinforced concrete design
Superimposing results Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 7 RF-INFLUENCE
with model column method
of different structures Determination of influence
according to Eurocode 2*) (construction phases) RF-TENDON
and DIN 1045*) lines and influence surfaces
Defnition of tendons in pre-
STAGES stressed concrete members RF-STAGES
FOUNDATION Pro Consideration of different Consideration of different
Single, bucket and plate construction stages RF-TENDON Design
construction stages
foundations according to Design of pre-stressed
Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 7 RS-COM concrete members
RF-LAMINATE
Programmable COM according to Eurocode 2
Design of multi-layer
*) orresponding standard
c interface
*) orresponding standard
c surfaces
extension required
extension required
RF-COM
1.4 Timber Programmable COM
2.4 Timber interface
TIMBER Pro RF-TIMBER Pro www.dlubal.com
Member design according Member design according RF-LINK
to Eurocode 5, DIN 1052 to Eurocode 5, DIN 1052 Import of IGES, STEP and
and SIA 265 and SIA 265 ACIS files Software for Statics and Dynamics

Software for Statics and Dynamics

The 3D Framework Program

Solid Construction

The ultimate FEA Program

Steel Construction
3D Finite Elements
Stability and Dynamics

Connections
CAD/BIM Integration

Bridge Construction

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Tel.: +49 9673 9203-0
Fax: +49 9673 9203-51
info@dlubal.com
www.dlubal.com


Deep Drilling Rig
STAB

As the geothermal energy market
is continuously increasing, BAUER
R

Maschinen GmbH, a German com-
pany working in the field of special-
ist foundation engineering, has de-
veloped a new deep drilling rig. The
German Dlubal customer Ing.-Büro
H.-U. Möller was in charge of the
plant’s structural analysis. The system
is used to make borings reaching to
a depth of 7,000 m in the area of geo
thermal energy, oil or gas. In addi-
tion, it is possible to extend existing
boreholes using modern boring tech-
nology. The boring device is built in
Germany and distributed worldwide.

Construction
The deep drilling rig has the follow-
ing dimensions: 25 m length, 12 m
width, 42 m height. The weight of
Customer Examples

Non-deformed and deformed model of the deep drilling rig in RSTAB
the entire construction is 580 t. It
has a modular structure by which it
is able to be transported on a truck. bit is driven into the earth by a max- tem. To determine the maximum in-
The plant is self-erecting in parts and imum rotary drive of 60 kNm and ternal forces and stresses, the six
can be shifted from one bore hole pulled out by a maximum force of models were superimposed in a su-
to the other when built up. The drill 4,400 kN. per combination.
In addition to RSTAB, the add-on
Calculation modules STEEL, RSBUCK and SUPER-
The model con- LC plus the program SHAPE-THIN
sists of 1,137 nodes were used for the calculation.
and 2,052 mem-
bers forming a lat-
tice tower with the
shape of a U. The
guide is applied on
the open U-side.
For their calcula-
tion engineers have
analyzed six RSTAB
models with differ-
ent loads and states
such as plant in and
out of operation
with concentrated
support and tension
failure, lying ower,
t
lifting of tower, Building owner
mounting of winch BAUER Maschinen GmbH
etc. The structural www.bauer.de
system and loading Structural planning
were entered in a Ingenieurbüro H.-U. Möller
basic system. Then, www.hum-minden.de
all systems to be an- Software
alyzed were derived Dlubal Engineering Software
Deep drilling rig TBA 300/440 M1 (photo: BAUER Maschinen GmbH) from the base sys- www.dlubal.com

4 Dlubal Engineering Software oftware for Structural and Dynamic Analysis
S


Tower in Reuss River

STAB
Delta near Seedorf,
Switzerland

R
The bird watching tower in the Reuss
river delta is an exceptional look-out
construction in the Urner Alps. Its
striking primary framework consists
of 48 log wood columns standing in
an inclined position. From four view-
ing platforms, people seeking relax-
ation enjoy the wonderful view into
the river delta, and ornithologists can
watch nesting birds.
The tower with a height of 11.5 m
was designed by the Swiss architect
Gion A. Caminada. The structural
analysis was performed by the Dlubal
custo er Pirmin Jung Engineers.
m

Structural Analysis
The round columns consisting of sil-

Customer Examples
ver fir timber were chopped down, Model of tower in RSTAB
treated and prepared in the imme-
diate surroundings of the construc-
tion site. At the base, they have a di-
ameter of approx. 240 mm and are
tapered towards the roof that they
bear as much as the viewing plat-
form. The platform consists of planks
that are 80 mm thick, antilevering
c
where the four lookout baskets are
installed. It is directly attached to
the log wood columns by means of
brackets. The roof rafters are sup-
ported by the center post and the
external columns. Moreover, a steel
ring hangs down the roof structure
upon which the internal side of the
platform floor lies and from which
the spiral stairway is suspended.
All connections are built in such a
way that they can be easily replaced
after the service life has expired and
without any influence on the total
structure. Viewing tower in front of panorama of the Swiss Alps (photo: Pirmin Jung Ingenieure)

Stiffening
In addition to wind loads, the ower
t Building owner Civil engineer
must also be able to absorb vibra- Kanton Uri Projekta AG
tions from live load. As addition- Committee for the Reuss river delta www.projekta-ag.ch
al bracings or similar stiffening ele- Altdorf, Switzerland Timber construction
ments for horizontal structural sta-
Architect Bissig Gebr. Holzbau GmbH
bilization didn’t come into consid-
Gion A. Caminada www.bissigholzbau.ch
eration because of architectural rea-
sons, the columns received a partial Vrin, Switzerland
restraint to the steel ring in the roof. Engineer for timber
In this way, a kind of spatially effec- structural analysis
tive frame was formed. Pirmin Jung Ingenieure für Software
www.reussdelta.ch/ Holzbau AG Dlubal Engineering Software
turm-reussdelta.73.0.html www.pirminjung.ch www.dlubal.com

Dlubal Engineering Software oftware for Structural and Dynamic Analysis
S 5


Hotel Ramada
FEM

Innsbruck Tivoli,
Austria
R

In December 2011, the Hotel Ramada
Innsbruck Tivoli opened in Austria.
The fourteen-story hotel is direct-
ly facing the Olympiaworld, Tyrol’s
larg st sports and event center.
e
The building represents one of the
highest constructions of the beau-
tiful Alpine city. Entering the ter-
race on the eleventh floor, isitors
v
enjoy a breathtaking pano ama of
r
the Tyrolean mountains and the
Bergiselschanze, a world-famous
ski jumping hill which is part of
the annual International Four Hills
Tournament.
The Dlubal customer in.ge.na was in
charge of the testing work. Test engi
Customer Examples

Model with deformation visualized in RFEM
neers used RFEM to enter the 3D
model including loads and to calcu-
late the structure.

Structure
The construction object is a new
building representing a fourteen-sto-
ry hotel with a cellar. It was built as
solid construction consisting of rein-
forced concrete. The inclined exter-
nal walls in the east and west have
a slope of 73.2° in relation to the
building’s horizontal.
The horizontal as well as the vertical
loading is transferred by the columns
and wall surfaces of the central corri
dor respectively the external walls.
The external wall surfaces in the ar-
eas of the north and south facade
have a thickness of 20-25 cm. The
inclined walls in the west and east Hotel Ramada Innsbruck Tivoli unplastered (photo: in.ge.na.)
have the same thickness of 20-25 cm
dependng on the loading.
i
The floor thickness in the uncovered using flat footings with thicknesses Building owner
zone of the underground parking is of 1.00 m, 0.60 m and 0.30 m. Zones Porr Projekt und Hochbau AG
35 cm, in the zone with superstruc- without superstructure were built up www.porr.at
ture it is 30 cm. The ceiling above the on strip and single foundations. As Structural analysis (testing work)
twelfth floor is 30 cm thick. All oth- a result of calculations, lifting forces in.ge.na.
er intermediate floors were built as were determined in the western part www.ingena.info
standard floor ceilings with a thick- of the building structure for the ex
ness of 25 cm. traordinary action of earthquakes. Software
The foundation below the covered To ensure stability in the described Dlubal Engineering Software
area of the building was constructed area, GEWI anchors were arranged. www.dlubal.com

S


Museum of the

STAB
Bavarian Kings
in Hohenschwangau,

R
Germany
In September 2011, the Bavarian mu-
nicipality of Hohenschwangau has
gained yet another historical tourist
attraction. After four years of plan-
ning and construction, the „Museum
of the Bavarian Kings“ opened its
doors for the first time. Located
below the Neuschwanstein and
Hohenschwangau castles, the muse
um combines Bavarian history with
impressive steel and glass architec
ture. The museum contains, amongst
other things, a walk-around family-
tree exhibition of the Wittelsbachs,
one of Europe‘s oldest dynasties,
as well as a golden centerpiece

Customer Examples
Steel stress analysis of the roof support structure in RSTAB
that shows the double wedding in
Worms known from the Song of the
Nibelungs.
For the construction of the triple bar-
rel vault, the Museum of the Bavarian
Kings received the German Steel
Design Award 2012.
Initiator, architect, and director
of the museum is the Wittelsbach
Compen ation Fund (Wittelsbacher
s
Ausgleichfonds).

Construction
The construction of the useum
m
dedicated to the history of the
Wittelsbach dynasty required the
erection of a new roof atop the
former royal hotel, a building in
Baroque style. For the roof support
structure, grid shells inspired by the
Hall of the royal castles with illuminated grid shell of the half-barrel vault (photo: Marcus Ebener)
rhombuses of the Bavarian flag were
designed. The point-supported shell
they wouldn‘t disturb the rhombus Building owner
structure consisting of a half-barrel
d
esign. Flat-rolled steel bars were Wittelsbacher Ausgleichsfonds
and two quarter-barrel vaults pro-
welded onto the purlins to contain www.haus-bayern.com
vides a span length of 20 meters.
the trape oidal sheet-metal roofing.
z Architect
The rhombuses of the shells are
The grid shell of the half-barrel vault Staab Architekten
formed by laser-cut flat-rolled steel
was delivered in five prefabricated www.staab-architekten.com
bars which following the cylindri-
cal shell are welded according to parts and assembled on an assembly Structural planning
„Zollinger‘s construction method“. scaffolding. The quarter-barrels were ifb frohloff staffa kühl ecker
The longitudinal steel purlins which delivered in one piece to the con- www.ifb-berlin.de
are responsible for the shell‘s spa- struction site. Software for roof construction
tial load capacity were positioned Dlubal Engineering Software
over the flat-rolled steel bars so that museumderbayerischenkoenige.de www.dlubal.com

S 7


Tiger Turtle -
STAB

Magic Mountain
in Duisburg, Germany
R

From afar visitors see a roller coast-
er standing alone on a green hill.
When approaching they understand
why the air of a typical fair is missing
in its surroundings. It is not a oller
r
coaster running with high speeds
but an accessible construction with a
stairway of all in all 215 m. It is not
possible, however, to pass through
the structure in one run because the
looping is an obstacle that cannot be
overcome.
After 2 years of planning and
comple ion the big outdoor sculp-
t
ture called „Tiger Turtle - Magic
Mountain“ was opened to the pub-
lic in November 2011. From that time
on, the coaster is enthroned on the
Customer Examples

Heinrich Hildebrand Height, an ar- Model with deformation visualized in RSTAB
tificial hill of 30 m heaped up with
zinc slag in the South of the German
town Duisburg where it is visible
from a large distance. In a height
of 45 m above ground, visitors can
e
njoy the breathtaking view into the
landscape of the Western Ruhr. The
plan of the „roller coaster for pe-
destrians“ was made by artists from
Hamburg, Heike Mutter and Ulrich
Genth.

Structure
The supporting structure consists of
spatially precambered main beam
pipes lying on 17 built-in steel col
umns. Cross beams cantilevering
on both sides are fixed to the pipe
where a walkable grating with a
width of 1 m is applied. The span
lengths of the main beam pipe vary
Tiger Turtle - Magic Mountain (photos: ifb frohloff staffa kühl ecker)
from 7 to 15 m. The irregular column
arrangement is based on results of a
research by structural engineers from havior concerning deformation and Geometry
Berlin, optimizing the structure’s be-
vibration. Horizontal vibration damp- designtoproduction, Arnold Walz
ers were installed in significant span www.designtoproduction.com
areas. Architect
www.ruhr-tourismus.de/duisburg/ bk2a architektur
tigerturtle.html www.bk2a.de
Structural planning
Building owner ifb frohloff staffa kühl ecker
Kulturhauptstadtbüro Duisburg www.ifb-berlin.de
www.duisburg.de
Artists Software
Heike Mutter and Ulrich Genth Dlubal Engineering Software
Stairway with looping www.phaenomedia.org www.dlubal.com

S


Wörgl Zentrum Lenk,

FEM
Austria

R
In autumn 2012, construction start-
ed in Wörgl, Austria for an apart-
ment complex that is, by request
of the building owner, complete-
ly planned and designed as a BIM
model includng structural analy-
i
sis, work planning, call for tenders,
etc. Special software tools of b.i.m.m
GmbH, an Austrian company for
building information model man-
agement, are used to make possible
the cooperation of architects, struc-
tural engineers and company techni-
cians working efficiently together on
the same 3D model. Basic software
used during the project are RFEM
and the Autodesk programs Revit
Architecture and Revit Structure for
which Dlubal provides a direct inter-

Customer Examples
Deformation of House B represented in 3D rendering
face.
The entire model has been entered
in Revit. Input includes more than
1,000,000 structural components (in-
cluding guard railing, etc.). All struc-
tural specifications and load ases
c
have also been entered in Revit
Structure. Then, the analytical mod-
el has been transferred to RFEM by
means of the direct interface. The in-
terface is bidirectional, which means
that data transfer is performed in
both directions. If structural compo-
nents are changed in RFEM, they can
be exported easily to Revit and vice
versa. RFEM has been used to carry
out structural calculations and to de-
sign the concrete construction. The
RFEM add-on modules RF-CONCRETE
Complete model of apartment complex with House A (left) and House B (picture: AGA-Bau)
and RF PUNCH have completed the
calculation.
House B: Final, detail planning
Structure Materials: 21 and structural analysis
The entire project covers an enclosed Surfaces: 419 AGA-Bau-Planungs GmbH
space of approximately 40,000 m³. Cross-sections: 14 www.agabau.at
It is divided into two calculation sec- Members: 72
tions: House A and House B. Other BIM consulting
Structure weight: approx. 11 m t
characteristics of the structural b.i.m.m GmbH
m
odel are: www.bimm.eu
Building owner
House A: Tiroler Friedenswerk
Materials: 11
www.friedentirol.at
Surfaces: 362
Cross-sections: 7 Architecture, approval planning Software
Members: 75 riccione architekten Dlubal Engineering Software
Structure weight: approx. 10 m t www.riccione.at www.dlubal.com

S 9


Shuter Street Bridge
STAB

in Toronto, Canada
Since March 2011 a glass edestrian
p
R

bridge with a length of 30 m con-
nects the St. Michael hospital with
the new research center Li Ka Shing
Knowledge Institute. The upporting
s
structure consists of several oval steel
rings which are twisted together.
The bridge with a section height of
4.60 m and a width of 3.80 m was
designed by Diamond and Schmitt
Architects Inc. from Toronto. As peo-
ple in Toronto are mainly using the
PATH system, an underground ystem
s
of pedestrian paths, xtending over a
e
length of 28 km, the town could be
persuaded to grant the permit only Model with deformation visualized in RSTAB

by architectural originality. Lightness
of the bridge is reached by curved
and thermally prestressed panes of
insula ed glass as well as curved
t
Customer Examples

pipes crossing each other, all togeth-
er forming the sup orting structure.
p
Thus, the construc ion appears dif-
t
ferently each time you see it from
a
nother perspective.

Structure
The bridge was designed as a stati-
cally determinate framework because
of different building movements and
the requirement that introducing ma-
jor forces into the building structure
is not allowed. The fixed point, and
thus the transfer of horizontal forces,
was put to the side of the old build-
ing. The cross-section of the bridge
is elliptic. The supporting tube is
formed by a large number of circular,
parallel lying pipes intersecting circu- Interior view of bridge (photos: Gartner Steel and Glass GmbH)
lar pipes which are lying parallel in
the opposite direction. neer. Loading, however, was deter Building owner
mined and taken into account in ac- St. Michael‘s Hospital
Design
cordance with local standards. www.stmichaelshospital.com
Engineers were able to design the
The bridge was calculated non-line- Architect
bridge according to DIN 18800 as it
was agreed with the local test engi arly as a 3D model in RSTAB. As the Diamond and Schmitt Architects Inc.
com lete construction is welded, an
p www.dsai.ca
equi alent model was used to de-
v Test
termine the effective stiffnesses of Carruthers Wallace Ltd.
nodes for the analysis of deforma- Toronto, Canada
tions. Then, nodal stiffnesses were Construction and work
built as releases into the RSTAB mod- Gartner Steel and Glass GmbH
el. Furthermore, the deformation and www.gartnersteel.com
stress design ratio of the total struc- Josef Gartner USA
ture were determined. Finally, the josef-gartner.permasteelisagroup.com
most critical welding nodes were de- Software
signed in RFEM using the analyzed Dlubal Engineering Software
Shuter Street Bridge at night internal forces. www.dlubal.com

S


Saldome2

STAB
in Rheinfelden,
Switzerland

R
In May 2012, the new Saldome2 of
the Swiss company Salt Works on the
Rhine AG was officially put into oper
ation. With a span length of 120 m
and a height of 31.6 m the salt stor-
age is the biggest dome onstruction
c
in Europe. It was designed and built
by Häring, a Swiss company special-
ized in timber technology. The struc-
tural analysis was performed by
Häring engineers, R. Schneider and C.
Zihlmann, using the Dlubal programs
RSTAB and TIMBER Pro.

Huge Salt Storage
Model of Saldome2 in RSTAB
With a base area of 11,300 square
meters, Saldome2 is about the same

Customer Examples
size as two football pitches. Thus,
it is almost twice as big as the first
dome construction Saldome1 put
into oper tion in August 2005. It is
a
possible to store more than 100,000
tons of road salt inside the new
Saldome2. The base area of the salt
storage has a ircumference of 377
c
meters.

Structural Concept
„Häring-Ensphere“
The shell structure of the Saldome2’s
structural system is a radical depar-
ture from traditional methods of
construction. Ch. Häring calls his
c
oncept the „Häring Ensphere“ (from
American English: a spherical form
enveloping a space). It is based on Saldome2 during construction stage (photo: Häring)
the fact that every detached and
double curved type of construction
The esult is a high-capacity structure
r Building owner
spans the internal space above a ring
rivaling steel and concrete construc- Schweizer Rheinsalinen AG
foundation so that the room created
tions with regard to efficiency and www.rheinsalinen.ch
inside can be used absolutely freely.
cost-effectiveness. Planning
The lamella arch structure made of
The entire structural system was can- Häring und Co. AG
glued laminated timber consists of a
tilevered (built without scaffolding) www.haring.ch
primary and a secondary framework
structure. In total, the construction is by using aerial work platforms. That Structural engineering and design
composed of 894 structural elements is why separate analysis models were Häring Projekt AG
which are supported by 48 founda- used to analyze the high number of Construction of structural system
tions and connected by 163 nodes resulting construction stages. Häring Holz- und Systembau AG
(two connection points per node).
The individual elements of the dome Software
were rigidly bolted using 4,272 bolts Dlubal Engineering Software
(eight bolts for each main beam). www.saldome.ch www.dlubal.com

S 11


Designing
FEM

the Arch Bridge
R

Jana Vlachová who was studying
CTU in Prague used program RFEM
for structural analysis of the concrete
arch bridge as part of her Master
Thesis. The project objective was to
design the bridge structure rossing
c
a valley. The project was tackled
as an arch bridge with prestressed
bridge deck.
In addition to RFEM the following
modules were used: SHAPE-MASSIVE,
RF-MOVE, RF-CONCRETE Members
and RF-TENDON.

Definition of Paper Topic
The bridge structure is 250.0 m long
with a central span of 140.0 m. It
stands 28.1 m tall and has width of
Customer Examples

12.0 m. Rendered model with loading

Fixed reinforced concrete arch made
of parabolic curve was chosen for
its structural efficiency and fine aes-
thetic.
Other data of the RFEM model:
Nodes: 177
Members: 14
Materials: 2
Cross-sections: 3

Structural Analysis
Numerical simulations of bridge
static behavior are carried out with
program RFEM in accordance to
Eurocode 2 and the national nnex
a
for Czech Republic. The framework
was calculated according to the
s
econd-order analysis taking into
a
ccount geometrical imperfections.
Cross-section of the bridge deck
was modeled in the add-on module
SHAPE-MASSIVE and imported into
Bridge section in RF-TENDON Design

RFEM. The moving loads were gene Designer
rated using the module RF-MOVE Jana Vlachová
and for some calculation was used Student of civil engineering at the
the module RF-CONCRETE Members.
Czech Technical University in Prague
The bridge structure was subsequent-
ly entered in the external add-on mo
d le RF-Tendons. This module was
u
used for designing the prestressing Software
cables in the bridge deck and for cal- Dlubal Engineering Software
Graphical representation of internal forces
in RFEM culating prestressing load. www.dlubal.com

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G3 Shopping Resort

STAB
in Gerasdorf,
Austria

R
In Gerasdorf, a municipality in the
north of Vienna, the G3 Shopping
Resort has been built. It represents
the largest construction project that
has ever been announced for cross
laminated timber, being the big-
gest construction site for timber in
Europe. More than 8,000 m³ of cross
laminated timber and approx. 3,500
m³ of glued-laminated beams were
used for the construction work.
Both the architecturally ophisticated
s
design and the complex tructural
s
calculation are penned by the Austrian
Dlubal customer ATP Architekten und
Ingenieure from Vienna. The structural Part of the structure designed in RSTAB
analysis was created under the leader
ship of Gustav Trefil.

Customer Examples
The building is Austria’s largest shop
ping center that has ever been built
in one building phase. Its opening
was planned for summer 2012.

Giant Wave Made of Timber
The project’s architectural as well
as structural highlight is the huge
timber roof rolling across an area
of 60,000 m², spanning the build-
ing like a giant wave. It has been
designed by the Austrian company
Graf-Holztechnik. The primary con-
struction consisting of heavy glu-
lam beams is based on steel and re-
inforced con rete columns with a
c
height of up to 20 m. The structure
supports the record amount of ap- Interior view of roof construction consisting of timber (photos: ATP)
proximately 8,000 m³ of cross-lam-
inated timber slabs. The three- and der to dimension the construction as Building owner
five-layer panels have a thickness of slender and efficient as possible. HY Immobilien Ypsilon GmbH
12 to 24 cm and a span length of Vienna, Austria
up to 10 m. Designers have calculat- Environment-Friendly
Main contractor
ed the thickness for each slab in or- and Visually Appealing Leyrer + Graf Baugesellschaft GmbH
The project’s energy balance is real- www.leyrer-graf.at
ly impressive. Due to the use of timber
Timber construction
as construction material, more than
Graf-Holztechnik GmbH
23,000 t of CO2 has been saved.
www.graf-holztechnik.at
Because of the high roof level (up to
Planning
20 m) the timber structure was in
ATP Architekten und Ingenieure
stalled and „ground in industry quali
www.atp.ag
ty“ in order to obtain the ideal bal
ance between costs and visual appear-
ance. The timber construction is large-
ly visible, making a significant contri- Software
Aerial view of Shopping Resort Gerasdorf during bution to the desired feel and comfort Dlubal Engineering Software
construction factor of the Shopping Resort. www.dlubal.com

S 13


Metropol Parasol
FEM

in Seville, Spain
R

The Metropol Parasol was built in
the historic center of Seville in Spain.
Under its roof the building combines
an archeological excavation, a mar-
ket hall, an urban open-air venue and
an extraordinary shadow construc-
tion made of timber, with an inte-
grated restaurant and walks offer-
ing wonderful views over the town.
The structural system is a hybrid con-
struction consisting of timber, con-
crete, steel and composite steel.

Timber Construction with
Panels Made of Laminated
Veneer Lumber
The most interesting and impressive Design of a panel of circa 4 m x 6 m in RFEM
part of the Metropol Parasol is the
accessible timber construction which place, which was performed for the Building owner
Customer Examples

is 150 m long and up to 28 m high. first time in timber constructions. The Ayuntamiento de Sevilla
It consists of multi-layer glued tim- annealing became necessary to raise www.sevilla.org
ber panels of the LVL type Kerto-Q the safety level because more than
(pro uced by the Finnforest compa-
d 60°C is reached in summer inside the Main contractor
ny). Some structural innovations had timber structure. Both the structur- SACYR S.A.U.
to be made for the implementation, al engineer and the timber construc- Sevilla, Spain
for example the polyurethane coating tion company decided on a connec-
Architecture
which is 2 to 3 mm thin, the connec tion system with glued-in tension
J. Mayer H.
tion details optimized for mounting bars representing a way of connect-
www.jmayerh.de
and the annealing of the epoxy res- ing elements appropriate for achiev-
in used for gluing threaded bars in ing a high load bearing capacity but Structural planning
which is at the same time of relative- Arup
ly low weight. www.arup.com
The timber construction consists of
Timber construction
approx. 3,400 individual parts with a
Metsä Wood (formerly Finnforest)
total of 2,500 m³ of panels made of
www.metsawood.de
laminated veneer lumber used for the
construction work. Timber construction, detailed
structural analysis and design
Stress Analysis with RFEM Finnforest, Aichach, together with
in Timber Panels Harrer Ingenieure, Karlsruhe,
As the panels are connected with PBB Ingenieure, Ingolstadt,
releases in the intersection points APU engineering, Braunschweig,
around the vertical axis, the inter- Wevo Chemie, Ostfildern,
nal forces from the bearing capacity Borimir Radovic, Knittlingen
of plates are almost always negligi-
ble. Normally, the stress design is re-
duced to the stresses occurring with-
in the plane of the timber sheet. The
timber cross-sections in the branch-
ing points where the timber gridshell
is divided into a top and a bottom
part were designed by Finnforest us- Software
ing RFEM and FE sheet models. Dlubal Engineering Software
Metropol Parasol in Seville (photo: Finnforest) www.metropolsevilla.com www.dlubal.com

S


Life and Science Park

STAB
Carl Alexander in
Baesweiler, Germany

R
Baesweiler, a small German town
near Aachen, decided to return to
its citizens a burden dump that was
used in the former mining industry
but abandoned in 1975. Moreover,
this project was meant to be the
starting point for the development of
a technology site. The result was an
extraordinary construction challenge.
The project was awarded with the
German price for landscape architec
ture 2009.

Architectural Plan
The idea was to make the dump ac- Floating walkway supported by tetrapod construction in RSTAB

cessible on a discovery path leading
„through the tree tops“. The overlook
at the west point offers a wide view

Customer Examples
over the surrounding landscape. The
uphill walk starts at the „hill foyer“
which is a building with the shape
of a red skew cube. Passing its stair-
case visitors are crossing a „troughed
bridge“ and the „twin tower“ where
they reach the „floating walkway“.
The way is winding through the trees
for 150 m and about 6 m above the
ground. Beginning with the second
half of the path visitors are walking
on the „stairway to heaven“ consist-
Viewing platform „mountain plateau“ (photos: Prof. Feyerabend, FS)
ing of steel steps which are relatively
close to the earth. Once the walkers
arrive at the top they cross an arête these coordinates, the supporting
walk to reach the „mountain pla- structure was finally designed like
teau“, a platform projecting beyond in a 3D CAD program.
the dump edge.

Supporting Structure
As the burden material was only Building owner
heaped up in the past without com Town of Baesweiler
pressing it, constructions needed to www.baesweiler.de
be statically determinate due to high Planning and landscape
settlement risks. Therefore, it was de- architecture
cided to use „tetrapods” for the sup- DTP Davids, Terfrüchte + Partner
porting structure of the „floating www.dtp-essen.de
way“. They are immediately stable in
Planning and urban development
themselves and thus can be assem Floating way on tetrapod construction
PASD Architekten Feldmeier - Wrede
bled easily. In addition, they are re-
www.pasd.de
sistant to settlements. Furthermore,
one pan footbridges that are stati
s Structural planning
cally determinate were placed be IFS - Beratende Ingenieure für
tween these tetrapods. The site Bauwesen Software
measurement was entered in RSTAB Prof. Feyerabend - Schüller Dlubal Engineering Software
by structural engineers. Based on Hürth www.dlubal.com

S 15


RegioTram Station
STAB

in Kassel, Germany
When the German RegioTram was
R

connected to the central station in
Kassel, a tunnel was built under the
main station, and thus it became a
junction of regional transport for
the entire region. The RegioTram is
a light rail system in Kassel and sur-
roundings. The German Dlubal cus-
tomer osd Ingenieure from Frankfurt
am Main was in charge of the struc-
tural planning for the tram station.

Platform Roof
Without Columns
The framework design reveals a light
and filigree timber-steel construction RegioTram station during construction phase (photo: osd)

able to span three train platforms
without requiring columns, which
makes the structure visually quite at-
Customer Examples

tractive. On the one hand, choosing
the shape of a semi ellipsoidal head
allows for preserving the overall sys-
tem of power lines in the train sta-
tion and for using common over
head lines in the station area. On the
other hand, the whole construction
is in line with the shape of the bar-
rel roof structures of the existing sta-
tion roofs.

Barrel Shell Based
on Building Method
of Friedrich Zollinger
The roof‘s structural model consists
of a barrel shell made of timber la-
mellas whose loads are concentrated
and introduced into the reinforced
concrete trough across a construc-
tion built up of steel box sections.
The timber structure was built as a Structure and deformation in RSTAB
Zollinger roof represented by a sin-
gle-curved lamella construction for
was specified in a detail template Structural planning
which the members were arranged
that could be applied to all nodes. osd – office for structural design
in a rhomb-shaped structure, each
The roof finishes won the award of www.o-s-d.com
member length running over two
the timber construction competition Construction work
fields.
2008 in Hessen, Germany. Grossmann Bau GmbH Co. KG
The main difference in comparison
www.grossmann-bau.de
to Zollinger‘s construction method is
the bending-resistant design of nodal
points. Due to the flat shell geometry Building owner
the transfer of major bending mo Kasseler Verkehrsgesellschaft AG
ments into nodes was required. For www.kvg.de
this reason a new assembly system Architect Software
was developed: a plug-in connection Pahl + Weber-Pahl Architekten BDA Dlubal Engineering Software
with glued-in dowels. This system www.pahl-architekten.de www.dlubal.com

S


Supporting Structure

STAB
for a Railway Bridge
Due to their usability both programs

R
for structural analysis RFEM and
RSTAB are quite popular with stu-
dents becoming future civil engi-
neers. Many universities and schools
of higher education are already using
Dlubal’s 3D calculation software to
make their students familiar with the
program handling. Radoslav Dimitrov
who is studying at the TU Dresden in
Germany used the framework pro
gram RSTAB to perform the structur-
al analysis for a steel bridge.

Definition of Paper Topic
The paper’s objective was the design
of a new construction replacing a
railway bridge, including a super-
structure consisting of a steel or
composite structure. The design was

Customer Examples
Representation of deformation in 3D rendering
performed with an arched bridge. It
was necessary to develop a specific
superstructure in accordance with
the terrain conditions, actions, ma-
terials and dimensions. Based on the
design, the student had to carry out
a structural calculation which would
be prepared for test engineers check-
ing the analysis. Finally, the complete
design had to be visualized.

Structural Analysis
of Railway Bridge
The structure of the arched bridge
with a span length of 88.3 m was
entered in RSTAB. Cross-sections pre-
viously modeled in the add-on mod-
ule SHAPE-THIN were used as well.
The overall structure consists of alto-
gether 2,461 members. In addi ion,
t Visualization of railway bridge in the modeling tool Rhinoceros
198 load cases, 11 load groups and
8 load combinations were creat d.
e
Finally, the system was calculated ac- The following add-on modules Designer
cording to the second-order analy is.
s were used: Radoslav Dimitrov
 STEEL Student of civil engineering at the
Radoslav Dimitrov about RSTAB:  PLATE-BUCKLING Technical University in Dresden,
„It was easy to enter traffic loads Germany
 DYNAM
and to apply imperfections to the
archs. Furthermore, the design  RSBUCK
ratio could be clearly represen-  RSIMP
ted in the 3D rendering. The pro- Further data of bridge structure:
gram handling of RSTAB is easier
Nodes: 1,318 Software
than of other structural analysis
software.“ Cross-sections: 22 Dlubal Engineering Software
Weight: 824 t www.dlubal.com

S 17


Dlubal Programs analyses show a considerable corre-
FEM

spondence with the stone structures
Help to Save Stone behavior (deformations, failures etc.).
The research phase ex cuted so far
e
Monuments in
R

proved that the tem erature loading
p
of Angkor temples reaches significant
Angkor, Cambodia values and has considerable influence
on their technical condition, worsen-
Stone monuments in the Angkor
ing con tantly. In next research phas-
s
archaeological park, registered as
es, the steps performed so far will be
a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are
further developed in such a way that
considerably deteriorated nowadays
the influence of temperature changes
and the state of the preserved ones Angkor Vat temple in Cambodia on the stone monuments behavior
is getting worse quickly.
in Angkor could be more specified
Thus, international experts are in and optimal procedures could be
ing a year cycle. Large thermal differ-
tensely looking into causes of a bad proposed to preserve the monuments
ences exist between night and day
technical condition of these impor- for next generations.
as well, the temperature on the in-
tant monuments and try to find
ternal surface was often about 40°C
suitable solutions for their rescue.
lower than on the external one. This
The Czech research team partici ates
p contributes to an uneven loading
in saving these monuments in and large dilatation motions within
Angkor as well, with the five-year the stone structures; combined witch
research project „Thermal Im ging
a other factors, a gradual expansion
and Structural Analysis of Sandstone of joints occurs among the blocks,
Monuments in Angkor“. individual stones drop out from the
Customer Examples

The main project objective repre structure and the entire temple parts
sents an analysis of a stone struc disintegrate or collapse.
tures loading by environmental tem- Numerical simulations of monuments’
perature changes and their influ- static behavior are carried out with
ence on a static safety of the monu- Dlubal’s FEA program RFEM, which
ments. Besides the research direct- allows reaching a high corre ponden
s
ly in Angkor, numerical sim lations
u ce rate between properties of nume
of behavior of stone structures load- rical models and real structures of
ed by external ac ions, focused on an
t stone temples. The analysis goal is to
effect of temperature changes also predict the further development of
make a part of the project. The pro- their technical condition, based on
gram RFEM by the Dlubal company simulation results. Among others, Analysis results in RFEM
was used to create numerical models obtained results could also serve to
and carry out a structural analysis. elaborate a project proposing opti-
The Angkor stone monuments, built mal saving procedures for stabiliza- Project director
between 8th and 14th century, are tion and rescue of these rare monu- Dr. Karel Kranda
mostly ruins in various stages of de ments. Academy of Sciences
terioration at present. Majority of Within the research, 3D models of of the Czech Republic
monuments was constructed from selected typical segments of stone Nuclear Physics Institute
stone blocks assembled without any structures were created and tested
binding material, firebricks were used Head of research
in the RFEM program so far - a single
sometimes. At the temples preserved Doc. Ing. Jan Pašek, Ph.D.
wall, a tetragonal pyramid, a roofed
so far, a continuous development of Faculty of Civil Engineering of the
column gallery and various tower
failures occurs, mainly a disintegra- CTU (Czech Technical University)
shapes. The numerical models were
tion of a stone blockwork, caused by in Prague, Czech Republic
formed by solids - volume elements
a combination of several different Department of Building Structures
representing individual stone blocks.
factors. The mutual interaction of the blocks Team members
Besides an improper construction was simulated by contact elements Ing. Jiří Svoboda
technique, as regarded with today´s that allow to eliminate tension Ing. Hansley Pravin Gaya
knowledge, demanding climatic effects perpendicular to a joint Otakar Veverka
conditions represent one of the and to work with different friction
main deterioration causes. intensity among block contacts.
The monitoring of deformations A number of simulations was pro es
c
and temperatures of selected tem- sed for loading of mentioned models
ples showed that the difference be- by temperature, considering chara
tween the maximum and minimum cterstic construction subsoil and vari-
i Software
tem erature on intensely insolated
p ous connection types of stone blocks. Dlubal Engineering Software
ex ernal surfaces exceeds 60°C dur-
t The results of numerical www.dlubal.com

S

Dlubal Customer projects 2013 RFEM and RSTAB

Dlubal Customer projects 2013 RFEM and RSTAB

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