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Welcome!

Project RSP! training – October 21 , 2013
Our time together
• Intros
• What is Project RSP?

• What do YOU think about PrEP?
• Overview of ARV-based prevention
• Understanding PrEP

– What is PrEP?
– What is research telling us about PrEP?
– How do you use PrEP? How do you get PrEP?

– Talking to clients about PrEP
• Breaks, and fun, fun, fun!
2
Ground rules
• We are all here to learn, and to gain
a deeper understanding.
• We know that the only dumb
questions are the ones not asked.
• We will listen actively, and respect
others when they are talking.
• We will participate to the fullest of
our abilities.
• We promise that what happens in
RSP! stays in RSP!
• Anything else?
3
4
• Trainings: Help Chicago providers, educators, and others
working directly with our community to understand PrEP
and what it means for us and HIV prevention.
• Community forums: Interactive and fun discussions done
“talk show” style. October 17 at SSA – most recent.
• Give voice/provide facts: Platform for PrEP users to share
experiences, interested individuals to get info –
click myprepexperience.blogspot.com.
5
Project RSP! Training on PrEP - Oct 2013
7
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• We are NOT “pushing” PrEP
• We are NOT telling anyone to stop using
condoms or other forms of protection

• We are pushing education
• Knowledge is power

• Ignorance is not strength

9
Honesty please

What is the first word or
words that come to your
mind when you think
about condoms?
10
Honesty please

What is the first word or
words that come to your
mind when you think
about PrEP?
11
Quick survey, pre-test
• Help assess what you
think and know now,
pre-training
• Post-test after training
When can I stop making wild
guesses and start making
educated guesses?

• Note changes in
knowledge, perceptions

12
Your primer on ARV prevention

13
14
A growing prevention toolkit
Prior to exposure
•Rights-focused
behavior change
•Voluntary counseling
& testing
•STI screening &
treatment
•Male medical
circumcision
•Pre-exposure
prophylaxis (PrEP)
•Preventive Vaccines*

Point of transmission
•Male and female
condoms and lube
•ARV treatment to
prevent vertical
transmission (PMTCT)
•Clean injecting
equipment
•Post-exposure
prophylaxis (PEP)
•Vaginal and rectal
microbicides*

Treatment

• Treating POZ individuals
has prevention benefits
• Basic care/nutrition
• Prevention for positives
• Education & rights-focused
behavior change
• Therapeutic vaccines*

15
What is ARV-based prevention?
• Strategies that use HIV treatment
drugs (antiretrovirals or “ARVs”) to
prevent HIV infection
– TLC+ (testing, linkage to care, plus
treatment)
– ARV-based microbicides
– PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis)
– PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)
16
*
*PEP
17
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
Provide 2 or 3 ARV drug regimen after HIV
exposure to stop infection
• Occupational – offered to health
care providers exposed to HIV, e.g.
via needle stick

• nPEP – offered for non-occupational
exposure, meaning sexual exposure,
injection drug use exposure
• Must be taken within 72 hours of
initial exposure
• NY State guidelines – 36 hours
• ARVs must be taken for 28 days

18
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
• CDC guidelines last updated January 2005
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrh
tml/rr5402a1.htm#tab1 (new ones soon?)
• Ethical and logistical reasons mean no
randomized clinical trial
• We don’t know exactly how well it works, but
we have data that shows it does
– From animal transmission models
– Perinatal clinical trials

– Studies of health-care workers receiving
prophylaxis after occupational exposures
– Observational studies

19
Accessing PEP
• Baseline HIV testing
• Any doctor is able to prescribe
– 2 drug regimen – Truvada (tenofovir +
emtricitabine)
– 3 drug regimen – Truvada and Isentress
(raltegravir)
– In most cases with non-occupational
exposure, likely to prescribe 3 drugs
• ERs can/do start PEP, but typically only provide 3
days of meds, a “starter pack”
• HIV docs the best to manage PEP, most likely to
prescribe
20
Accessing PEP
• Person must be engaged with provider
for duration of 28-day regimen for
monitoring and HIV testing
• HIV test at 4-6 wks, 3 mos, 6 mos

• Can cost $1,000 + for the 28-day regimen
– Insurance can cover
– Medicaid coverage inconsistent

– Pharma access programs can help
• NASTAD fact sheet
21
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25
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What is PrEP?*

*pre-exposure prophylaxis
27
Hold up, what is prophylaxis?
• Prophylaxis is simply the provision of
medications prior to germ or virus
exposure to prevent infection.
• This is not a new concept.
• This is not a new practice.
• Example: taking malaria drugs
before traveling to countries with
high malaria incidence

• What are examples of similar concepts?
28
PrEP

Ken Like Barbie explains

29
Ken Like Barbie recap
• PrEP involves HIV-neg person
taking ARVs to reduce risk of
infection BEFORE HIV
exposure.
• PrEP prevents HIV from
reproducing in a person’s
body.
• In current approved form,
PrEP is taken in a single pill
once a day, every day
(Truvada).
30
What is PreP?
• Truvada is a combination of tenofovir disoproxil
fumarate (aka tenofovir or TDF) and
emtricitabine.
• Need to take 7 days of Truvada before enough
drug is “on board” for protection
• Truvada is currently the only drug approved by
the FDA for PrEP.

31
www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com
“Taking the Truvada does not
make me ‘reckless’ in my decision
to have unprotected sex, it makes
me feel supported by a
community of doctors and
advocates who recognize the
nuances of my situation, and are
doing all they can to
help me stay negative.”
– Woman with HIV+ partner who started
PrEP because they wanted to have a child

33
• True or False: PEP is taken for 7 days after exposure
to HIV and then you are done.
• True or False: PEP is for people who have been
exposed to HIV in an occupational setting, or
through sex, drug taking behaviors.
• Name an example of “prophylaxis.”
• “True or False: Truvada is a combination of two
drugs in one tablet.
34
PrEP

Truvada

• PrEP will not always be only Truvada
• Researchers are currently exploring
other ARV drugs that could also be used
for PrEP
• For instance, the ARV drug Maravoric
(brand name Selzentry) is currently in
clinical trials as a potential PrEP drug
• Scientists are also researching the
possibility of intermittent use of PrEP
– May not have to be taken daily
– PrEP could be delivered via injection, and
could provide long term protection
• Implications for treatment as well!

35
PrEP

Truvada

36
Dateline: July 16, 2012
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm312210.htm

Today, the US Food and Drug
Administration approved Truvada
(emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil
fumarate), the first drug approved to
reduce the risk of HIV infection in
uninfected individuals who are at high
risk of HIV infection and who may
engage in sexual activity with HIVinfected partners. - FDA
37
Dateline: July 16, 2012
• Truvada is approved for use as part of a comprehensive HIV
prevention strategy that includes other prevention methods, such
as safe sex practices, risk reduction counseling, and regular HIV
testing. - FDA
– Must be confirmed HIV-negative before prescription
– FDA required development of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation
Strategy (REMS) for use of Truvada as PreP to ensure safe use
• Medication guide
• Community education
• Provider training
• Implementation
38
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Testing drugs for prevention

Slide adapted from International Partnership for Microbicides
How did we get here? (Research!)
• All completed trials done on tenofovir & Truvada
• 3 trials = PrEP reduced risk of HIV infection
– i-PrEX (Truvada in gay men and trans women)
44% reduction overall (reported 2010)
Efficacy at 90% + with good adherence

– Partners PrEP (Truvada and tenofovir in het couples)
75% reduction Truvada (reported 2011)
– TDF2 (Truvada heterosexual men & women)
63% reduction overall (reported 2011)

43
How did we get here? (Research!)
• 2 trials = PrEP did not work
– FEM-PrEP (Truvada in women – stopped 2011)
– VOICE (Truvada, tenofovir – reported 2013)
• Both had very low adherence – though
self-reports were high)
• Low/undetected drug levels

• June ‘13 - Bangkok Tenofovir Study (BTS)
– CDC study of injection drug users (2,400 +)
• Median age 31, 80% male

– Daily tenofovir (75% chose directly-observed
therapy)

– It works! 49% overall, 74% high
adherers

44
Home-grown Chicago PrEP research
• Project PrEPare
– Feasibility and acceptability trial of PrEP

– Enrolled 68 young gay/MSM
• ages 18-22
• 53% African-American, 40% Latino
– Randomized to Truvada, placebo, or
no-pill arm
– On study for 6 months
• very high retention (98.5%)
• self-reported adherence averaged 62% (range 43% - 83%);
detectable drug levels ranged from 63% - 20%
• unprotected sexual activity
decreased across all study arms
45
Home-grown Chicago PrEP research
• iPrEx OLE (Open Label Extension)
– First – what does “Open Label” mean?
– iPrEx randomized trial was diverse
worldwide, but not in the US
– Missing representation from
communities most affected
domestically
– Asked Chicago’s Project PrEPare
participants if they would like to join
iPrEx; 46 of 68 agreed
– Data soon!
46
Home-grown Chicago PrEP research
• Project PrEPare II
– Open label demonstration project AND
safety study of PrEP in young gay/MSM
ages 15-22
– Actively enrolling 300 youth in 13 US sites,
including Chicago
– How safe is PrEP use is among HIVuninfected young gay/MSM?
• And many more questions

47
Key research findings/Truvada
• Adherence! Adherence! Adherence!
• High adherence achieved 90%+ reduction in risk
• Side effects – there appears to be a general
“start-up syndrome” w/Truvada that includes
nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain and headaches
for some individuals.
• Nausea most common ( occurring in under 10% of
people) and resolved in 4 to 6 weeks

48
Key research findings/Truvada
• Truvada PrEP trials to date have not shown
increases in sexual risk behavior among
participants
• Across all PrEP studies of Truvada, there have
been no serious safety problems
• Very little drug resistance has been seen, only
among those with unidentified HIV infection
when they started the study

49
The research continues

50
What PrEP does not do
• Truvada as PrEP does not
– Guarantee 100% protection from HIV
– Protect a person against other STIs like chlamydia, syphilis,
herpes, or gonorrhoea
– Prevent pregnancy

– Cure HIV
– Function, on its own, as a treatment regimen for someone
already living with HIV.

– Why is Truvada, on it’s own, not considered adequate for
treatment?
51
Seat belts don’t do everything, either

52
• PrEP has been proven to work with which
populations?
• True or False: New forms of PrEP may include
injections with long-term protection.
• True or False: Truvada on its own is not
considered adequate for treatment.

53
www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com
55
Why PrEP does not work for treatment
• People with HIV require taking
at least three ARVs together
• The two drugs in Truvada are
not sufficient to control the
virus
• A HIV+ person taking Truvada
on its own runs the risk of
developing resistance to the
drug, which will limit drugs
s/he can take for treatment
56
CDC – Clinical Practice Guidelines
• For clinicians – not “all purpose”
• Being drafted – expect to publish soon
– Now – peer review, public engagement draft guidelines
– Next step to HHS for approval – then publish

• Includes info on evidence, guidelines for screening,
providing PrEP to gay men and heterosexuals,
discontinuing PrEP, clinical considerations, improving
adherence, reducing risk behaviors, info on financial case
management, fact sheets, risk index, counseling info, and
quality measures
57
Taking PrEP – what does it take?
• Adherence! Taking the pill every day.
• Take 7 days before enough drug is “on board” to
provide protection
– Still must take Truvada every day

• Honest, open, ongoing discussions with medical
provider about sex, HIV risk
• HIV antibody test – before 1st prescription, and then
every 3 mos. Rx renewal tied to renewed HIV-negative
test.

58
Taking PrEP – what does it take?
•
•
•
•

Hepatitis B testing
Kidney function testing
Bone density testing
STI screening (and
treatment if necessary)
• Pregnancy testing
• Doctor visits approx. every
3 mos to conduct all the
above
59
Why would someone want to take PrEP?

60
Who might be a good fit for PrEP?
• Person indicates an interest in taking PrEP
• Person is in a “magnetic” relationship
–HIV-negative and has HIV+ partner
–Serodiscordant

61
Who might be a good fit for PrEP?
• Sexual activity within high prevalence area or
social network, and/or:
– Doesn’t use male or female condoms consistently
– Diagnosed with STI(s)
– Exchanges sex for money, food, shelter, drugs, etc.

– Uses illicit drugs or depends on alcohol
– Is or has been incarcerated
– Does not know partner’s HIV status and one of the
above factors is true for partner

62
What about…
63
pleasure
intimacy
connection
emotion
lust

love
pleasure
intimacy
connection
emotion

love
pleasure
intimacy
connection
emotion

love
Honesty please

What is the first word or
words that come to your
mind when you think
about PrEP?
67
68
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Is PrEP cost-effective?
• The following factors impact the cost-effectiveness of
PrEP:1-13 (Modelling studies)
– Medication cost and availability of insurance
coverage
– Targeted use among men and women at high risk
– Efficacy
– Changes in risk behavior
• Several analyses show PrEP to be cost-effective,
particularly when targeted to individuals at high risk of
HIV acquisition2-5
1. Smith D. National Prevention Conference 2011. Atlanta. #E04
2. Juusola JL, et al. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:541-550
3. Desai K, et al. AIDS 2008;22:1829-1839
4. Walensky R, et al. CID 2012;epub April 3
5. Anderson J, et al. EACS 2009. Cologne.
6. Buchbunder S, et al. CROI 2012. Seattle. #1066
7. Grant R, et al. IAC 2006. Toronto. #THLB0102

8. Supervie V, et al. PNAS 2010;107:12381–12386
9. Paltiel DA, et al. Clin Infect Diseases 2009;48:806-15
10. Hill A, et al. CROI 2006. Denver. #Y-127
11. Hallett T, et al. CROI 2011. Boston. #99LB
12. Pretorius C, et al. PLoS ONE 2010;5:e13646
13. Abbas U, et al. PLoS ONE 2007;2:e875

70
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Accessing PrEP
• Any doctor who can write a
prescription can write one for
Truvada as PrEP
• Most HIV docs are familiar
with PrEP
• CORE, John Stroger Hospital,
Howard Brown Health Center,
ACCESS Grand Blvd, TPAN (for
referrals) and more
72
Accessing PrEP – Howard Brown
• Howard Brown Health Center –
primary care services,
including PrEP access
• HBHC providers experienced
with PrEP, existing patient
population accessing PrEP
• Dedicated adherence
counselor, like case manager
for PrEP patients
www.howardbrown.org
73
Accessing PrEP – Howard Brown
• Assists w/accessing medication
assistance, copay programs
• Walgreens onsite – reduce anxiety over
filling prescription some might think
“embarrassing”
• Pediatrician on-staff for 18 to 25
• Trans Health Advocates, Adherence
Counselors support transgender
patients accessing hormones, PrEP
www.howardbrown.org
74
PrEP ed for your doc

• Bring along a fact sheet
if you think your doctor
may need some PrEP ed

www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com
75
Be prepared for the unPrEPared,
and the unPEPared too

76
myprepexperience.blogspot.com
77
Accessing PrEP— insurance
FDA approval of
Truvada enables
private ins to cover

Truvada
on
Medicaid
formulary

ADAP
does not
cover PrEP

Ins companies
covering, many have
pre-auth reqs
78
Accessing PrEP – Gilead
1. Visit
www.truvada.com
2. Click on the link to
access information
about Truvada for a
PrEP indication

79
Medication assistance form

See NASTAD fact sheet

80
Co-pay card program
•
•
•

•
•
•

•

•

•
•

Covers all Gilead HIV Products: Stribild, Complera, Atripla,
Truvada, Viread, Emtriva
Assists patients with commercial insurance who reside in
the US, or US Territories
Not valid for Rx that are eligible to be reimbursed by any
federal or state funded healthcare benefit program
Co-pay benefit provides assistance for co-pays above $0
Monthly benefit provided for 12 mos after activation of
card, every 3 mos for Truvada as PrEP
Maximum benefits: Stribild, Complera Atripla
– Monthly $400
– Annual $4,800
Maximum benefits Truvada, Viread, Emtriva
– Monthly $200
– Annual $2,400
Benefit automatically renews after 12 mos without need
to re-enroll, every 3 mos for Truvada as PrEP, with HIVtest
Service Provider: Covance for PrEP
877.505.6986
PrEP prescriptions – how many, who?
• “Status of Truvada (TVD) for HIV Pre-Exposure
Prophylaxis (PrEP) in the United States: An Early
Drug Utilization Analysis” – presented at
Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents
and Chemotherapy, Sept ’13
• RM Mera, MK Rawlings, A Pechonkina, JF Rooney,
T Peschel, A Cheng Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster
City, CA
• http://www.natap.org/2013/ICAAC/ICAAC_18.htm
• Drug info from 55% of all US pharmacies,
“nationally representative”
• 49 states, 700 cities,
• Algorithm to exclude treatment, PEP,
off-label Hep-B treatment
82
PrEP prescriptions – how many, who?
• 1,774 unique PrEP users between January
2011 and March 2013
• 1,674 prescribers (620 also prescribed Truvada
as Tx)
• Roughly half of all Rx were started before FDA
approval in summer 2012
• Half of all Rx written for female PrEP users
• Largest percentage Rx written in the Southeast
• Average age of PrEP users + 35 yrs
• Roughly 13% of users since
FDA approval under age of 25
83
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• What doesn’t PrEP do?
• True or False: PrEP is highly recommended for
people who use condoms consistently and
correctly.
• True or False: PrEP is only for people in serodiscordant relationships.
• True or False: ADAP will not cover Truvada as PrEP.
• While taking PrEP, you need to get tested for HIV
every ______ months.
87
Helping your clients
understand PrEP
88
Messages to emphasize to clients
• PrEP is an OPTION (remember who might
be a good fit for PrEP)
– Not forever, but maybe for a “season”

• Person must test HIV-negative to initiate
and continue PrEP.

• Daily adherence to PrEP is essential to
reduce person’s risk of HIV – and can be
very effective.
• Taking PrEP does not guarantee 100%
protection from HIV.
89
Messages to emphasize to clients
• Daily use of Truvada as PrEP cannot and
does not function as HIV treatment.
• PrEP user must be engaged with regular
health care for prescription, to ensure
remaining negative, staying adherent,
kidney health, etc.
• PrEP doesn’t make male or female
condoms obsolete!
– If you someone uses condoms consistently
and correctly, with no problems,
do they need PrEP too?
90
Tips for talking about PrEP
• Important you feel comfortable and
confident talking about PrEP.
• It’s okay to not have all of
the answers and to refer
your client to additional
resources and/or promise to
have that information next
time you see him/her.

www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com

91
Tips for talking about PrEP
• As a provider, you are viewed as a trusted source
of information.
• Remember any perspectives/opinions you have
about PrEP and/or people who use PrEP will
translate to your clients.

92
Strategies for adherence
– Take pill each day at same time

– What are some other
strategies?
– What should you do if you
forget a dose?

93
www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com
95
Client scenario activities
• Break off into small groups

• We will provide sample client scenarios
• Read assigned scenarios over with your
group, consider potential responses,
take notes, assign person to report
• Re-convene and report back

• 10 hot minutes from now
96
PrEP elevator speech
• You get in the elevator at the 95th floor with
someone who has just asked you about PrEP.
You have until ground level to explain it to them.

»What do
you say?
• Take a few moments to think
• Volunteers to share?
97
Post-test

Let’s see where
you are at!

98
99
Web resources on PrEP

• My PrEP Experience
www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com (training slides)
• RSP on FB https://www.facebook.com/ProjectRSP
• Project PrEPare www.projectprepare.net
• Howard Brown www.howardbrown.org
• Truvada as PrEP www.Truvada.com
• Project Inform www.projectinform.org/prep
• AVAC www.avac.org
100
Evals! Fact sheets!

• Please take a moment to fill out the evaluation so
we can continue to adapt and improve this
training.
• Pick up your complimentary PrEP fact sheets in
English and/or Spanish on the way out…
101
Thank you!!
102
Please stay in touch
• Sybil Hosek
sybilhosek@gmail.com
• Jessica Terlikowski
jterlikowski@aidschicago.org
• Betty Kritikos
Betty.Kritikos@gilead.com
• Keven Cates
kevenc@howardbrown.org
• Jim Pickett
jpickett@aidschicago.org
• Project RSP!
myprepexperience@gmail.com

103

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Project RSP! Training on PrEP - Oct 2013

  • 1. Welcome! Project RSP! training – October 21 , 2013
  • 2. Our time together • Intros • What is Project RSP? • What do YOU think about PrEP? • Overview of ARV-based prevention • Understanding PrEP – What is PrEP? – What is research telling us about PrEP? – How do you use PrEP? How do you get PrEP? – Talking to clients about PrEP • Breaks, and fun, fun, fun! 2
  • 3. Ground rules • We are all here to learn, and to gain a deeper understanding. • We know that the only dumb questions are the ones not asked. • We will listen actively, and respect others when they are talking. • We will participate to the fullest of our abilities. • We promise that what happens in RSP! stays in RSP! • Anything else? 3
  • 4. 4
  • 5. • Trainings: Help Chicago providers, educators, and others working directly with our community to understand PrEP and what it means for us and HIV prevention. • Community forums: Interactive and fun discussions done “talk show” style. October 17 at SSA – most recent. • Give voice/provide facts: Platform for PrEP users to share experiences, interested individuals to get info – click myprepexperience.blogspot.com. 5
  • 7. 7
  • 8. 8
  • 9. • We are NOT “pushing” PrEP • We are NOT telling anyone to stop using condoms or other forms of protection • We are pushing education • Knowledge is power • Ignorance is not strength 9
  • 10. Honesty please What is the first word or words that come to your mind when you think about condoms? 10
  • 11. Honesty please What is the first word or words that come to your mind when you think about PrEP? 11
  • 12. Quick survey, pre-test • Help assess what you think and know now, pre-training • Post-test after training When can I stop making wild guesses and start making educated guesses? • Note changes in knowledge, perceptions 12
  • 13. Your primer on ARV prevention 13
  • 14. 14
  • 15. A growing prevention toolkit Prior to exposure •Rights-focused behavior change •Voluntary counseling & testing •STI screening & treatment •Male medical circumcision •Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) •Preventive Vaccines* Point of transmission •Male and female condoms and lube •ARV treatment to prevent vertical transmission (PMTCT) •Clean injecting equipment •Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) •Vaginal and rectal microbicides* Treatment • Treating POZ individuals has prevention benefits • Basic care/nutrition • Prevention for positives • Education & rights-focused behavior change • Therapeutic vaccines* 15
  • 16. What is ARV-based prevention? • Strategies that use HIV treatment drugs (antiretrovirals or “ARVs”) to prevent HIV infection – TLC+ (testing, linkage to care, plus treatment) – ARV-based microbicides – PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) – PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) 16
  • 18. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) Provide 2 or 3 ARV drug regimen after HIV exposure to stop infection • Occupational – offered to health care providers exposed to HIV, e.g. via needle stick • nPEP – offered for non-occupational exposure, meaning sexual exposure, injection drug use exposure • Must be taken within 72 hours of initial exposure • NY State guidelines – 36 hours • ARVs must be taken for 28 days 18
  • 19. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) • CDC guidelines last updated January 2005 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrh tml/rr5402a1.htm#tab1 (new ones soon?) • Ethical and logistical reasons mean no randomized clinical trial • We don’t know exactly how well it works, but we have data that shows it does – From animal transmission models – Perinatal clinical trials – Studies of health-care workers receiving prophylaxis after occupational exposures – Observational studies 19
  • 20. Accessing PEP • Baseline HIV testing • Any doctor is able to prescribe – 2 drug regimen – Truvada (tenofovir + emtricitabine) – 3 drug regimen – Truvada and Isentress (raltegravir) – In most cases with non-occupational exposure, likely to prescribe 3 drugs • ERs can/do start PEP, but typically only provide 3 days of meds, a “starter pack” • HIV docs the best to manage PEP, most likely to prescribe 20
  • 21. Accessing PEP • Person must be engaged with provider for duration of 28-day regimen for monitoring and HIV testing • HIV test at 4-6 wks, 3 mos, 6 mos • Can cost $1,000 + for the 28-day regimen – Insurance can cover – Medicaid coverage inconsistent – Pharma access programs can help • NASTAD fact sheet 21
  • 22. 22
  • 23. 23
  • 24. 24
  • 25. 25
  • 26. 26
  • 28. Hold up, what is prophylaxis? • Prophylaxis is simply the provision of medications prior to germ or virus exposure to prevent infection. • This is not a new concept. • This is not a new practice. • Example: taking malaria drugs before traveling to countries with high malaria incidence • What are examples of similar concepts? 28
  • 29. PrEP Ken Like Barbie explains 29
  • 30. Ken Like Barbie recap • PrEP involves HIV-neg person taking ARVs to reduce risk of infection BEFORE HIV exposure. • PrEP prevents HIV from reproducing in a person’s body. • In current approved form, PrEP is taken in a single pill once a day, every day (Truvada). 30
  • 31. What is PreP? • Truvada is a combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (aka tenofovir or TDF) and emtricitabine. • Need to take 7 days of Truvada before enough drug is “on board” for protection • Truvada is currently the only drug approved by the FDA for PrEP. 31
  • 33. “Taking the Truvada does not make me ‘reckless’ in my decision to have unprotected sex, it makes me feel supported by a community of doctors and advocates who recognize the nuances of my situation, and are doing all they can to help me stay negative.” – Woman with HIV+ partner who started PrEP because they wanted to have a child 33
  • 34. • True or False: PEP is taken for 7 days after exposure to HIV and then you are done. • True or False: PEP is for people who have been exposed to HIV in an occupational setting, or through sex, drug taking behaviors. • Name an example of “prophylaxis.” • “True or False: Truvada is a combination of two drugs in one tablet. 34
  • 35. PrEP Truvada • PrEP will not always be only Truvada • Researchers are currently exploring other ARV drugs that could also be used for PrEP • For instance, the ARV drug Maravoric (brand name Selzentry) is currently in clinical trials as a potential PrEP drug • Scientists are also researching the possibility of intermittent use of PrEP – May not have to be taken daily – PrEP could be delivered via injection, and could provide long term protection • Implications for treatment as well! 35
  • 37. Dateline: July 16, 2012 http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm312210.htm Today, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Truvada (emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), the first drug approved to reduce the risk of HIV infection in uninfected individuals who are at high risk of HIV infection and who may engage in sexual activity with HIVinfected partners. - FDA 37
  • 38. Dateline: July 16, 2012 • Truvada is approved for use as part of a comprehensive HIV prevention strategy that includes other prevention methods, such as safe sex practices, risk reduction counseling, and regular HIV testing. - FDA – Must be confirmed HIV-negative before prescription – FDA required development of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for use of Truvada as PreP to ensure safe use • Medication guide • Community education • Provider training • Implementation 38
  • 39. 39
  • 40. 40
  • 41. 41
  • 42. Testing drugs for prevention Slide adapted from International Partnership for Microbicides
  • 43. How did we get here? (Research!) • All completed trials done on tenofovir & Truvada • 3 trials = PrEP reduced risk of HIV infection – i-PrEX (Truvada in gay men and trans women) 44% reduction overall (reported 2010) Efficacy at 90% + with good adherence – Partners PrEP (Truvada and tenofovir in het couples) 75% reduction Truvada (reported 2011) – TDF2 (Truvada heterosexual men & women) 63% reduction overall (reported 2011) 43
  • 44. How did we get here? (Research!) • 2 trials = PrEP did not work – FEM-PrEP (Truvada in women – stopped 2011) – VOICE (Truvada, tenofovir – reported 2013) • Both had very low adherence – though self-reports were high) • Low/undetected drug levels • June ‘13 - Bangkok Tenofovir Study (BTS) – CDC study of injection drug users (2,400 +) • Median age 31, 80% male – Daily tenofovir (75% chose directly-observed therapy) – It works! 49% overall, 74% high adherers 44
  • 45. Home-grown Chicago PrEP research • Project PrEPare – Feasibility and acceptability trial of PrEP – Enrolled 68 young gay/MSM • ages 18-22 • 53% African-American, 40% Latino – Randomized to Truvada, placebo, or no-pill arm – On study for 6 months • very high retention (98.5%) • self-reported adherence averaged 62% (range 43% - 83%); detectable drug levels ranged from 63% - 20% • unprotected sexual activity decreased across all study arms 45
  • 46. Home-grown Chicago PrEP research • iPrEx OLE (Open Label Extension) – First – what does “Open Label” mean? – iPrEx randomized trial was diverse worldwide, but not in the US – Missing representation from communities most affected domestically – Asked Chicago’s Project PrEPare participants if they would like to join iPrEx; 46 of 68 agreed – Data soon! 46
  • 47. Home-grown Chicago PrEP research • Project PrEPare II – Open label demonstration project AND safety study of PrEP in young gay/MSM ages 15-22 – Actively enrolling 300 youth in 13 US sites, including Chicago – How safe is PrEP use is among HIVuninfected young gay/MSM? • And many more questions 47
  • 48. Key research findings/Truvada • Adherence! Adherence! Adherence! • High adherence achieved 90%+ reduction in risk • Side effects – there appears to be a general “start-up syndrome” w/Truvada that includes nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain and headaches for some individuals. • Nausea most common ( occurring in under 10% of people) and resolved in 4 to 6 weeks 48
  • 49. Key research findings/Truvada • Truvada PrEP trials to date have not shown increases in sexual risk behavior among participants • Across all PrEP studies of Truvada, there have been no serious safety problems • Very little drug resistance has been seen, only among those with unidentified HIV infection when they started the study 49
  • 51. What PrEP does not do • Truvada as PrEP does not – Guarantee 100% protection from HIV – Protect a person against other STIs like chlamydia, syphilis, herpes, or gonorrhoea – Prevent pregnancy – Cure HIV – Function, on its own, as a treatment regimen for someone already living with HIV. – Why is Truvada, on it’s own, not considered adequate for treatment? 51
  • 52. Seat belts don’t do everything, either 52
  • 53. • PrEP has been proven to work with which populations? • True or False: New forms of PrEP may include injections with long-term protection. • True or False: Truvada on its own is not considered adequate for treatment. 53
  • 55. 55
  • 56. Why PrEP does not work for treatment • People with HIV require taking at least three ARVs together • The two drugs in Truvada are not sufficient to control the virus • A HIV+ person taking Truvada on its own runs the risk of developing resistance to the drug, which will limit drugs s/he can take for treatment 56
  • 57. CDC – Clinical Practice Guidelines • For clinicians – not “all purpose” • Being drafted – expect to publish soon – Now – peer review, public engagement draft guidelines – Next step to HHS for approval – then publish • Includes info on evidence, guidelines for screening, providing PrEP to gay men and heterosexuals, discontinuing PrEP, clinical considerations, improving adherence, reducing risk behaviors, info on financial case management, fact sheets, risk index, counseling info, and quality measures 57
  • 58. Taking PrEP – what does it take? • Adherence! Taking the pill every day. • Take 7 days before enough drug is “on board” to provide protection – Still must take Truvada every day • Honest, open, ongoing discussions with medical provider about sex, HIV risk • HIV antibody test – before 1st prescription, and then every 3 mos. Rx renewal tied to renewed HIV-negative test. 58
  • 59. Taking PrEP – what does it take? • • • • Hepatitis B testing Kidney function testing Bone density testing STI screening (and treatment if necessary) • Pregnancy testing • Doctor visits approx. every 3 mos to conduct all the above 59
  • 60. Why would someone want to take PrEP? 60
  • 61. Who might be a good fit for PrEP? • Person indicates an interest in taking PrEP • Person is in a “magnetic” relationship –HIV-negative and has HIV+ partner –Serodiscordant 61
  • 62. Who might be a good fit for PrEP? • Sexual activity within high prevalence area or social network, and/or: – Doesn’t use male or female condoms consistently – Diagnosed with STI(s) – Exchanges sex for money, food, shelter, drugs, etc. – Uses illicit drugs or depends on alcohol – Is or has been incarcerated – Does not know partner’s HIV status and one of the above factors is true for partner 62
  • 67. Honesty please What is the first word or words that come to your mind when you think about PrEP? 67
  • 68. 68
  • 69. 69
  • 70. Is PrEP cost-effective? • The following factors impact the cost-effectiveness of PrEP:1-13 (Modelling studies) – Medication cost and availability of insurance coverage – Targeted use among men and women at high risk – Efficacy – Changes in risk behavior • Several analyses show PrEP to be cost-effective, particularly when targeted to individuals at high risk of HIV acquisition2-5 1. Smith D. National Prevention Conference 2011. Atlanta. #E04 2. Juusola JL, et al. Ann Intern Med 2012;156:541-550 3. Desai K, et al. AIDS 2008;22:1829-1839 4. Walensky R, et al. CID 2012;epub April 3 5. Anderson J, et al. EACS 2009. Cologne. 6. Buchbunder S, et al. CROI 2012. Seattle. #1066 7. Grant R, et al. IAC 2006. Toronto. #THLB0102 8. Supervie V, et al. PNAS 2010;107:12381–12386 9. Paltiel DA, et al. Clin Infect Diseases 2009;48:806-15 10. Hill A, et al. CROI 2006. Denver. #Y-127 11. Hallett T, et al. CROI 2011. Boston. #99LB 12. Pretorius C, et al. PLoS ONE 2010;5:e13646 13. Abbas U, et al. PLoS ONE 2007;2:e875 70
  • 71. 71
  • 72. Accessing PrEP • Any doctor who can write a prescription can write one for Truvada as PrEP • Most HIV docs are familiar with PrEP • CORE, John Stroger Hospital, Howard Brown Health Center, ACCESS Grand Blvd, TPAN (for referrals) and more 72
  • 73. Accessing PrEP – Howard Brown • Howard Brown Health Center – primary care services, including PrEP access • HBHC providers experienced with PrEP, existing patient population accessing PrEP • Dedicated adherence counselor, like case manager for PrEP patients www.howardbrown.org 73
  • 74. Accessing PrEP – Howard Brown • Assists w/accessing medication assistance, copay programs • Walgreens onsite – reduce anxiety over filling prescription some might think “embarrassing” • Pediatrician on-staff for 18 to 25 • Trans Health Advocates, Adherence Counselors support transgender patients accessing hormones, PrEP www.howardbrown.org 74
  • 75. PrEP ed for your doc • Bring along a fact sheet if you think your doctor may need some PrEP ed www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com 75
  • 76. Be prepared for the unPrEPared, and the unPEPared too 76
  • 78. Accessing PrEP— insurance FDA approval of Truvada enables private ins to cover Truvada on Medicaid formulary ADAP does not cover PrEP Ins companies covering, many have pre-auth reqs 78
  • 79. Accessing PrEP – Gilead 1. Visit www.truvada.com 2. Click on the link to access information about Truvada for a PrEP indication 79
  • 80. Medication assistance form See NASTAD fact sheet 80
  • 81. Co-pay card program • • • • • • • • • • Covers all Gilead HIV Products: Stribild, Complera, Atripla, Truvada, Viread, Emtriva Assists patients with commercial insurance who reside in the US, or US Territories Not valid for Rx that are eligible to be reimbursed by any federal or state funded healthcare benefit program Co-pay benefit provides assistance for co-pays above $0 Monthly benefit provided for 12 mos after activation of card, every 3 mos for Truvada as PrEP Maximum benefits: Stribild, Complera Atripla – Monthly $400 – Annual $4,800 Maximum benefits Truvada, Viread, Emtriva – Monthly $200 – Annual $2,400 Benefit automatically renews after 12 mos without need to re-enroll, every 3 mos for Truvada as PrEP, with HIVtest Service Provider: Covance for PrEP 877.505.6986
  • 82. PrEP prescriptions – how many, who? • “Status of Truvada (TVD) for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in the United States: An Early Drug Utilization Analysis” – presented at Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Sept ’13 • RM Mera, MK Rawlings, A Pechonkina, JF Rooney, T Peschel, A Cheng Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA • http://www.natap.org/2013/ICAAC/ICAAC_18.htm • Drug info from 55% of all US pharmacies, “nationally representative” • 49 states, 700 cities, • Algorithm to exclude treatment, PEP, off-label Hep-B treatment 82
  • 83. PrEP prescriptions – how many, who? • 1,774 unique PrEP users between January 2011 and March 2013 • 1,674 prescribers (620 also prescribed Truvada as Tx) • Roughly half of all Rx were started before FDA approval in summer 2012 • Half of all Rx written for female PrEP users • Largest percentage Rx written in the Southeast • Average age of PrEP users + 35 yrs • Roughly 13% of users since FDA approval under age of 25 83
  • 84. 84
  • 85. 85
  • 86. 86
  • 87. • What doesn’t PrEP do? • True or False: PrEP is highly recommended for people who use condoms consistently and correctly. • True or False: PrEP is only for people in serodiscordant relationships. • True or False: ADAP will not cover Truvada as PrEP. • While taking PrEP, you need to get tested for HIV every ______ months. 87
  • 89. Messages to emphasize to clients • PrEP is an OPTION (remember who might be a good fit for PrEP) – Not forever, but maybe for a “season” • Person must test HIV-negative to initiate and continue PrEP. • Daily adherence to PrEP is essential to reduce person’s risk of HIV – and can be very effective. • Taking PrEP does not guarantee 100% protection from HIV. 89
  • 90. Messages to emphasize to clients • Daily use of Truvada as PrEP cannot and does not function as HIV treatment. • PrEP user must be engaged with regular health care for prescription, to ensure remaining negative, staying adherent, kidney health, etc. • PrEP doesn’t make male or female condoms obsolete! – If you someone uses condoms consistently and correctly, with no problems, do they need PrEP too? 90
  • 91. Tips for talking about PrEP • Important you feel comfortable and confident talking about PrEP. • It’s okay to not have all of the answers and to refer your client to additional resources and/or promise to have that information next time you see him/her. www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com 91
  • 92. Tips for talking about PrEP • As a provider, you are viewed as a trusted source of information. • Remember any perspectives/opinions you have about PrEP and/or people who use PrEP will translate to your clients. 92
  • 93. Strategies for adherence – Take pill each day at same time – What are some other strategies? – What should you do if you forget a dose? 93
  • 95. 95
  • 96. Client scenario activities • Break off into small groups • We will provide sample client scenarios • Read assigned scenarios over with your group, consider potential responses, take notes, assign person to report • Re-convene and report back • 10 hot minutes from now 96
  • 97. PrEP elevator speech • You get in the elevator at the 95th floor with someone who has just asked you about PrEP. You have until ground level to explain it to them. »What do you say? • Take a few moments to think • Volunteers to share? 97
  • 99. 99
  • 100. Web resources on PrEP • My PrEP Experience www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com (training slides) • RSP on FB https://www.facebook.com/ProjectRSP • Project PrEPare www.projectprepare.net • Howard Brown www.howardbrown.org • Truvada as PrEP www.Truvada.com • Project Inform www.projectinform.org/prep • AVAC www.avac.org 100
  • 101. Evals! Fact sheets! • Please take a moment to fill out the evaluation so we can continue to adapt and improve this training. • Pick up your complimentary PrEP fact sheets in English and/or Spanish on the way out… 101
  • 103. Please stay in touch • Sybil Hosek sybilhosek@gmail.com • Jessica Terlikowski jterlikowski@aidschicago.org • Betty Kritikos Betty.Kritikos@gilead.com • Keven Cates kevenc@howardbrown.org • Jim Pickett jpickett@aidschicago.org • Project RSP! myprepexperience@gmail.com 103

Editor's Notes

  1. Jim and or/JessicaFor smaller groups, people will say who they are, what organization they work with, and will rate their PrEP knowledge/comfortability on a 1 to 5 scale. 1 = not knowing much and 5 = knowing a LOT about PrEP and very comfortable. For larger group, we will have ppl introduce themselves to each other, those sitting nearby, and we will do a show of hands for the 1 to 5 scale on PrEP knowledge
  2. .
  3. Sybil
  4. Sybil
  5. Staci
  6. Jim and/or Jessica
  7. Jim and/or Jessica
  8. Jim and/or Jessica
  9. Jim and/or Jessica