Fifteen Years From Now I Picture Myself Loading SCUBA Gear...

Fifteen years from now I picture myself loading SCUBA gear...
Fifteen years from now I picture myself loading SCUBA gear into an old, beaten up dive boat. I feel
the morning breeze dissipate from my skin as I pull my wetsuit up to my waist. The salty air whips
through my hair as we navigate through the winding canals of a small tropical town until we find
our way to the ocean. As we tie up to the bright yellow mooring line I squish my body into the rest
of my wetsuit and slip into my prearranged dive gear. I take a deep breath out of my regulator and
taste the familiar, cool, dry air. After strapping on my trusty bright yellow mask, I clip my slate onto
my BCD. I waddle to the edge of the boat pressing onto my mask and holding onto my weight belt. I
take one last swig of air and plunge into the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This domino effect would have continued until nearly all species were affected and a trophic
cascade occured. As a marine biologist I want to be able to prevent events like these in all areas of
the world. If a full trophic cascade had occurred in the Chesapeake Bay we would not have
recovered for many years. Not only would we have lost a vital staple in our ecosystem but the local
economy would have experienced a major hit. Thousands of people involved in the fishing trade,
restaurants, and multimillion dollar businesses such as tourism and sport fishing would have no
medium to work with and instantly be out of work. I want to work in shark conservation to keep
both the ecosystem and economy afloat above and below water.
My dream of researching sharks did not begin at an early age. During visits to aquariums I was
always nervous when we got to the shark section. My passion didn't blossom until the summer of
2012 when I had the choice to visit Bonaire for underwater photography or Fiji for shark research.
Bracing my adventurous side, I chose to travel to Fiji. During this trip I spent tens of hours on the
bottom of the ocean observing and admiring several different species of sharks. Watching a colossal
bull shark glide through the water to gently grasp a tuna head from a diver made me
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Becoming A Marine Biologist
Marine Biologists
Marine Biologists can choose to specialize in ...
Ichthyology (the study of fishes)
Phycology (the study of algae)
Invertebrate Zoology (the study of animals without a backbone )
Marine Mammalogy (the study of marine mammals)
Fishery Biology ( the study of fishing )
Marine Biotechnology ( the study of using microorganisms to improve the productivity of plants or
algae)
Marine Microbiology (the study of microorganisms in the sea )
Marine Ecology. ( the study of the creatures habitats populations and interactions throughout the
ocean )
To become a Marine Biologist you must complete a masters degree in Marine Biology. This can take
as long as four years to obtain your degree
Marine Biologists have a wide variety of places and jobs that they can apply for. For instance, they
could become a teacher and teach people about marine biology or they could be working as a
zookeeper and take care of the animals. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2017, March 27 ). Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/What–are–examples–of–marine–
biology–experiments, That some examples of marine biologists experiments are tracking blue crabs
this was said by Eli Salcedo, Aspiring marine biologist. Although they could be observing marine
life behavior and trying to apply that to the oceans currently or they could be using microorganisms
to breed together different species of coral. They did the first step to this in early November 2017
when the coral spawn happened and scientist all over the globe came to collect them. Although this
was crucial at the time because there was constant bleaching happening back to back and the coral
was

Thresher Shark Research Paper
Alopias Vulpinus
Thresher Shark
Braeden mitchell
Thresher Shark
Crack!The Thresher shark just split water molecules with it's amazing tail.That's right this shark is
so powerful that its tail can split water molecules.It also can destroy fish with its tail.Now that's a
shark that i could live with.
Description
The shark moves his/her tail with a whipping motion but When it goes to kill prey it's another
story.When it goes to kill prey its body works like a catapult it will sling the upper lobe of its tail
over its head.Their tail is also so powerful it can split water molecules!If I were you I would stay
away from this shark.
Reproduction
The shark reproduces in a fascinating way.First it has a small litter of pups (2 – 4) then the pups eat
the unfertilized eggs.They also deplete or use up their yolk sac in the womb.(Thresher sharks are
slow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bibliography
"FLMNH Ichthyology Department: Thresher Shark." FLMNH Ichthyology Department: Thresher
Shark. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
"National Geographic: Images Of Animals, Nature, and Cultures." National Geographic: Images of
Animals, Nature, and Cultures. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
"THRESHER SHARKS KILL PREY WITH TAIL." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
"Thresher Sharks." About.com Education. Web. 17 Nov.

Positive And Negative Styles Of Parenting
As a kid you always grow up being asked, what do you want to be when you grow up. My answer
has always been the same, but my father has always wanted me to take over his job as a Master
Electrician. In my heart I have always wanted to be a veterinarian and knowing that I would
disappoint my dad was something I have always struggled with. My mother on the other hand, has
always supported my dreams. One thing I do know is that they both encouraged me to love school
and to pursue a career. Both my parents have different styles of parenting. My mother was usually
more positive and my father was usually authoritative. Berk and Winlser (1995) stated that, "More
positive parenting styles, coupled with higher parental monitoring tends to lead to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
My pets have always and forever will be a part of my life style. In fact, Magnus (2004) states that,
"Millions of people in the United States consider their pet dog of cat to be a member of their family,
and with the development of that relationship has come a commitment to provide health care that is
beyond the reach of most humans." (p. 1). I have learned that all animals have emotions and
personalities, and that they are a part of this world just like we are. Some animals can even notice
when something is wrong with a human, like when you are sad. Being a veterinarian would further
my love and passion for animals. I would be able to help them in a way that not everyone can. As of
now I have eight cats, two dogs, and two hamsters. The amount of attention and care that they need
can be overwhelming for some, but for me it brings me a huge amount of happiness and a sense of
fulfillment. Each one of my pets have a way of expressing themselves, from my tiny hamsters to my
huge dog. Every day they show me love and compassion in the purest form. I care for them in a way
that I care for a human being sometimes even more. At times I get worried and scared, why you
might ask? I find myself thinking what if! What if they get sick, or choke? What if I can't save
them? The best way to be prepared is to have a career that would further inform me of all these little
creatures. Then I could be prepared in case of any emergency, and would be more at ease.
Becoming a veterinarian

Witt Clinton Biography
DeWitt Clinton was mayor of New York City, governor of New York State, and a sponsor of the
state's Erie Canal. He is most famous for the construction of the Erie Canal and his role in politics.
He was associated with the Federalist party. He was born on March 2nd, 1769 in Little Britain, NY.
He died on February 11th, 1828 in Albany, NY. He was an American and he served as a governor in
the United States government. He was the son of General James Clinton and Mary DeWitt Clinton.
General James Clinton was a farmer, a surveyor, and an American Revolutionary War officer. He
graduated from Kingston Academy and Columbia College in the year 1786. He studied private law
for three years. At the age of 18 he became an Anti–federalist propagandist ... Show more content on
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He published papers of ichthyology, botany, archaeology, anthropology, entomology, and geology.
He used his prestige and his intellect to further the cultural life of the city of New York. He always
strove to win public support for education and scientific research. He organized the Public School
Society in 1805. He became the Chief Patron of New York City Hospital and the New York Orphan
Society. He also secured the charter of the N.Y. Historical Society, serving as the president in 1817.
He was the founder of the N.Y. Literary and Philosophical Society. He also served as president of
the American Academy of Art and vice president of the American Bible Society. He attempted to set
American intellectual life on a firm European foundation because America was seen as inferior to
Europe at the time. These issues affect my character the most because he was deeply interested in
educational and cultural affairs in the state of New York. He used his power to further the education
of the people of New York. He was an active participant in education and he always tried to win
support for education and research. As you can see, he was involved in many organizations that
focus mainly on the wellbeing of the people, the educational system, and as well the arts. He was
deeply motivated by this because he tried to make America as intellectual as possible so they can be
up to par, maybe

Fish Career Research Paper
Hi im Cyrus Bryington and i'm here to tell you about the job that i want when i'm a little older. My
job is at Koi to the world and that involves ichthyology which is the study of fish. But this Job is a
online website that sells koi and they are really pretty fish. I feel that this career is good for me
because for my whole life i have loved weird animals and fish. when I was like 10 this company
came to the area and at that time they bought the shop that my dad worked at and he knew i loved
fish and he brought me there and he said when i turned 14 he would let me work their for 4 dollars a
hour. They are only open for 6 hours a day because their is only two guys their a day.So I think they
really need help with their job. My first goal in middle school is the most common thing and it is get
good grades because well i would need it to get a degree in ichthyology.Then I want to get the right
education for the job so I don't go in their blind and just ask for the job. I'm also going to try to
know most of the job before i get there so I when I get there I'm not surprised on what they make me
do because you know what they do to new people on the job,They give you the worst one. That is
cleaning the waste of the fish and cleaning out the tanks.

Marine Fishing Swot Analysis Essay
SWOT Analysis /Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats/
Marine fishing Freshwater fishing Aquaculture production Processing and marketing of living
aquatic resources
Strengths Lower quantities of catches of natural resources of marine fisheries than the marginal
allowable catches
Existing pelagic fish resources
Existing mollusk resources (sea snail/Rapana and black mussel)
Existing specific resources (sturgeon, turbot)
Existing good level of land and water control by state authorities
Highly qualified scientific experts in the field of ichthyology and hydrobiology are available
/tradition in research and education/
Existing good partnership between the fisheries administration and the scientific ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
import–export) Marine fishing Freshwater fishing Aquaculture production Processing and marketing
of aquatic resources
Oppor–tunities Marine water quality tends to improve and some live components of the ecosystem
tend to be revived
Potential of under–exploited resources of small pelagic fish and molluscs
Modernization of fishing ports facilities. Building of new fishing ports
Restructuring and modernization of the fishing fleet
Development of Producer organisations will result in orderly marketing and concentration of
landings at main landing sites.

Increasing the complete use of scientific potential
Better financial support of fishers for aligning with EU standards (national and European funds);
Development of fisheries areas Potential for development of fishing tourism;
Potential for development of ecotourism;
Increasing power of producer organizations will lead to sustainable using, better management and
conservation of resources
Development of fisheries areas Priority development of aquaculture sector to compensate the critical
situation with the natural fish resources
Establishing and recognizing of fish producers organizations
Effective use of financial EU instruments for better utilization of the available

I Am A Paddle Board Instructor And Eco Tour Guide
While paddle boarding with friends after work, I looked down and saw a silhouette on the ocean
floor that I had never seen before. I am a paddle board instructor and eco–tour guide, so I am
familiar with the sea life in my local waterways. This could be something that I've never found or
seen before, and I began to get super excited. I stopped paddling immediately. My friends were now
a bit ahead of me as I continued to stare down, but curiosity got the best of me. We were at Stump
Pass Beach State Park, and it was mid January. I knew the water was going to be chilly, but I didn't
care. I had to dive in!
I felt a bumpy and hard surface, and it didn't appear to move when I went to grab it. I brought it to
the surface immediately and was in awe at what I had just picked up. I heard my friend say, "That's
Tracie! She 's paddling with me one moment, and then she just dives in after something." That was
such a compliment. This is why I love paddle boarding. The viewpoint from a board is amazing!
I couldn't believe my eyes when I had the chance to take a closer look. I had never seen this fish,
and to say it was weird looking is quite the understatement. I caught it by hand. Why didn't it swim
away? I quickly called my friends over to take my picture and show them this crazy sea creature.
It was a type of fish, and it appeared to be dead or close to it. I did notice that the gills were still
opening and closing slightly, so I was careful to keep him in the water when taking

Chronic Disease Of The United States Essay
Seven in ten deaths in the United States, are attributable to chronic disease ("Leading Causes" 1).
These diseases are not on account of bacteria or viruses, which could be treated with an appropriate
prescription or vaccine. Chronic conditions are developed through unhealthy lifestyles and
behaviors such as a lack of exercise, poor nutrition, poor sleeping habits, and substance use (e.g.
tobacco). Consequently, seven in ten of every death can be prevented with changes in lifestyle. The
CDC states that these conditions, "are among the most common, costly, and preventable of all health
problems" ("Chronic Disease" 1). Although these conditions have clear and definite causes
(knowing the exact reason and "cure" for them), they are becoming more prevalent rather than
domesticated. According to Wu and Green, "Between 2000 and 2030 the number of Americans with
chronic conditions will increase by 37 percent, an increase of 46 million people" (1). This increase
comes with an increase in health care costs: the CDC reported that the U.S. spent three trillion
dollars on health care in 2014 ("Health Expenditures" 1). 86% of these costs was associated with
these conditions ("Prevention" 1). Despite there being a range of causes of why patients make these
choices, one issue that may be less familiar to others is the lack of knowledge in preventative
medicine among health care professionals. Current training standards are not adequately educating
or equipping health care professionals

Essay about Evidence for Evolution
Evolution and Diversity
Evolution and Diversity The foundation for the theory of evolution was laid by Charles Darwin
(Rose, n.d.). He developed hypotheses about natural selection which helped scientists develop the
theory. Evolution is a theory and not a hypothesis because evolution has been proven by vast
amounts of scientific data, research, and testing. The definition of a hypothesis is an educated
explanation that needs to be researched and tested but has not yet been proven (Earman, 1984).
There has been no scientific evidence to disprove the theory of evolution. The fossil record is
evidence of evolution. Fossils are often fingerprints of evolution. They help scientists track how
species evolved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many die before they are born or hatched depending on species, while many others don't survive
infancy and ultimately into their reproductive years. A portion of those that reach reproductive age
will never reproduce due to sterility or other factors. This is a part of the natural selection process. It
is often referred to as the, "survival of the fittest" (Frederic, 2011). It is hard to truly estimate what
fraction of offspring will survive to reproduction. There are always obstacles to survival for an
organism. Climate, food, habitat, and illness are just a few factors which affect natural selection.
Ultimately we know that some traits can increase survival rates for individuals such as their color.
We know from Darwin's research that a certain beak length was favorable in finches but that was
also dependent on yearly weather (Petren, 2005). Offspring that possess favorable traits are more
capable of surviving into adulthood and thus reproducing. We know from genetics that there is an
increased likelihood that their offspring would also possess that desirable trait. The population of
individuals possessing the trait would increase as more individuals possessing the trait survived to
reproductive years, and fewer without the trait did not. Natural selection can help prevent a species
from going extinct if they were to face adverse conditions that

Neeritic Zone Essay
In your mind, imagine you are a fish, surrounded by kelp forests and other organisms.
These are the conditions the incredible creatures from the Neritic Zone live in. Life is present in
almost every drop of water in the Neritic Zone. An adaptation is a gradual genetic change an animal
makes over thousands of years to survive better in its habitat. The temperature in the Neritic Zone
varies, so it suits the needs of most sea animals. The Neritic Zone warms in summer and cools in
winter. Although the conditions of the Neritic Zone may seem easy to live in, animals are constantly
fighting for survival. 3 animals have developed outstanding adaptations to help their species live.
Those three animals are the skate, seahorse, and the Electric Eel.
Obviously a very fierce animal, the skate, related to the ray, has special adaptations that can allow it
to be protected from predators and to perform actions with ease. Seeking and consuming prey with
ease, the skate has its mouth on its underside and it can eat prey that is hiding in the sand below it.
Quickly swimming away from predators or to attack prey, the skate also has tiny teeth–like
structures on its skin. The FLMNH Ichthyology Department reports, "The skin feels exactly like
sandpaper because it is made up of tiny teeth–like structures called placoid scales, also known as
dermal denticles. These scales point towards the tail and help to reduce friction from surrounding
water when the animal swims." This reduces drag when the

Fish And Agassiz
The Student, The Fish, and Agassiz
Permission has been graciously granted for me to re–publish this article on my website and to
generate as a PDF file by the family of Irving L. Jensen. This article appeared as an appendix in
"Independent Bible Study" by Irving L. Jensen, Chicago: Moody Press, pp. 173–178, 1963.
By the Student
It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz, and told him I
had enrolled my name in the scientific school as a student of natural history. He asked me a few
questions about my object in coming, my antecedents generally, the mode in which I afterwards
proposed to use the knowledge I might acquire, and finally, whether I wished to study any special
branch. To the latter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a little more than an hour he returned and heard my new catalogue.
"That is good, that is good!" he repeated, "but that is not all; go on." And so, for three long days, he
placed that fish before my eyes, forbidding me to look at anything else, or to use any artificial aid.
"Look, look, look," was his repeated injunction.
This was the best entomological lesson I ever had–a lesson whose influence has extended to the
details of every subsequent study; a legacy the professor has left to me, as he has left it to many
others, of inestimable value, which we could not buy, with which we cannot

What Is The Weirdest Sea Creature You 've Ever Found? Essay
What Is The Weirdest Sea Creature You've Ever Found? While paddle boarding with friends after
work, I looked down and saw a silhouette on the ocean floor that I had never seen before. I am a
paddleboard instructor and eco–tour guide, so I am familiar with the sea life in my local waterways.
This could be something that I've never found or seen before and I began to get super excited. I
stopped paddling immediately. My friends were now a bit ahead of me as I continued to stare down,
but curiosity got the best of me. We were at Stump Pass Beach State Park, and it was mid January. I
knew the water was going to be chilly, but I didn't care. I had to dive in. I felt a bumpy and hard
surface, and it didn't appear to move when I went to grab it. I brought it to the surface immediately
and was in awe at what I had just picked up. I heard my friend say, "That's Tracie! She 's paddling
with me one moment, and then she just dives in after something." That was such a compliment. This
is why I love paddle boarding. The viewpoint from a board is amazing! I couldn't believe my eyes
when I had the chance to take a closer look. I had never seen this fish, and to say it was weird
looking is quite the understatement. I caught it by hand. Why didn't it swim away? I quickly called
my friends over to take my picture and show them this crazy sea creature. It was a type of fish, and
it appeared to be dead or close to it. I did notice that the

The Bald Eagle And Amur Leopard
Aaron Woodard
Andrew Beal
American Government
8 December 2014
Many of America's most important species, including the Bald Eagle and Amur Leopard, are in
danger of becoming extinct. The amount of extinctions have exceedingly increased during the late
1900s and early 2000s. Humanity has taken most of the blame for some of the species to become
threatened, endangered, or extinct. On the other hand, more species develop when others die. Even
though the extra space is filled with new wildlife, it's tragic to lose a small scale but important
species. Once a species dies out, it's gone forever with no point of return. Human activities,
including hunting and fishing, are critical factors considered for the explanation of the exotic animal
population decline. Progression could be the biggest factor to the endangerment and extinction of
different species. Construction and manufacture destroys their habitats, which causes the species to
migrate to another habitat. The safety and preservation of endangered and threatened species
improved when legislature and the world took a stand to protect their beloved animals. The
Endangered Species Act of 1973, or ESA, was a law passed by Congress on December 28, 1973 for
the protection of threatened and endangered species. In addition, it protects their habitats and
ecosystems to keep the population stable and growing. Once any species is written on the list, the
law requires state and federal governments to make policies to conserve that

Relational Database Design
PhyloInformatics 7: 1–66 – 2005
Relational Database Design and Implementation for Biodiversity Informatics
Paul J. Morris
The Academy of Natural Sciences 1900 Ben Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA
Received: 28 October 2004 – Accepted: 19 January 2005
Abstract
The complexity of natural history collection information and similar information within the scope of
biodiversity informatics poses significant challenges for effective long term stewardship of that
information in electronic form. This paper discusses the principles of good relational database
design, how to apply those principles in the practical implementation of databases, and examines
how good database design is essential for long term stewardship of ... Show more content on
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This is not to say that database design is not important. Good database design is vitally important for
stewardship of biodiversity information. In the context of limited resources, good design includes a
careful focus on what information is most important, allowing programming and database
administration to best support that information. Database Life Cycle As natural history collections
data have been captured from paper sources (such as century old handwritten ledgers) and have
accumulated in electronic databases, the natural history museum community has observed that
electronic data need much more upkeep than paper records (e.g. National Research Council, 2002
p.62–63). Every few years we find that we need to move our electronic data to some new database
system. These migrations are
usually driven by changes imposed upon us by the rapidly changing landscape of operating systems
and software. Maintaining a long obsolete computer running a long unsupported operating system as
the only means we have to work with data that reside in a long unsupported database program with a
custom front end written in a language that nobody writes code for anymore is not a desirable
situation. Rewriting an entire collections database system from scratch every few years is also not a
desirable situation. The computer science folks who think about databases have developed a
conceptual approach to avoiding getting stuck in such unpleasant situations – the database life cycle

Limnologists Essay
Limnologists look over the affects of peoples activity, weather, and other points on the current and
future health of waterways. They conduct tests like water sampling, analysis, and monitoring to
determine if pollution from manufacturing, farming, or recreational activities have hurt the health of
an area. Limnologists may work with colleagues from other sciences and earth sciences fields,
including geologists, meteorologists, and zoologists. Limnologists collect samples of water, plants,
insect, and animal life for analysis and observation. This may include observing animal habitats
surrounding water and capturing fish or other wildlife. They conduct tests for pollution and other
factors that affect water, keep records on environmental changes, and records of the biological
organisms found in their region. Limnologists employed by institutions, FIsheries, Forestry services,
Agricultural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported employment for hydrologists was to increase 10% from 2012–
2022, while employment of biological scientists was expected to grow at a slower–than–average rate
of 7% throughout the decade. This may be partly due to the rapid growth of bio as a field,
environmental awareness, and research methods. Limnologists with advanced doctoral degrees may
have to compete for the academic and grants available through universities. Research positions in
the private sector and through government agencies may be more available, but competition may
arise if more scientists seek out those opportunities due to the lack of academic jobs, according to
projections for biological scientists. Salary data is not available for limnologists, but comparisons of
similar science occupations in May 2013 showed a median annual wage of $75,710 for hydrologists
and $57,430 for zoologists and wildlife scientist. college biological science professors earned a
median annual salary of $75,740 during that same

The Great Hammerhead Shark Essay
Strategy is not easily defined and furthermore the term is not exclusively related to just the business
world. We can confidently say strategy is key to survival, not only in business but also in the animal
kingdom. All animals under go a process of constant change in their physical appearance and in
their behaviour. These changes take place over millions of years and the species that survive, do so
because throughout their evolution they have perfected certain strategies that have enabled them to
develop more successfully in the environment they inhabit. One such case of this successful
development is the great hammerhead shark.
The great hammerhead shark, also known as Sphyrna mokarran, is a pelagic shark and is found
world wide in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Society, 2014)
Great hammerheads primarily live in warm temperate and tropical coastal waters all around the
globe, far offshore and near shorelines in depths between 1 – 300 meters and have also been
observed entering estuarine water between latitudes 40 degrees N and 37 degrees S, down to a depth
of 80 metres. It positions itself as a top predator in its environment. It has no major predators as it is
widely feared in its habitat. Larger sharks will prey on juvenile and subadult great hammerheads.
(Wikipedia, 2014)
The great hammerheads migrate seasonally and are often seen in mass summer migrations moving
poleward seeking cooler water. They move back towards the equator over the winter months. During
the day they are often found near the shore in schools of up to one hundred. At night they hunt
further offshore, adults occur alone, in pairs or in small schools while young hammerheads occur in
larger schools. Great hammerheads are most common at seamounts, especially near the Galapagos,
Malpelo, Cocos and Revillagigedo Islands and within the Gulf of California.
Great hammerhead sharks appear to adapt well to their environments. One of their capabilities is
that they are opportunistic predators and are willing to eat anything they can get their hands on to
help them survive. Consequently, one concern would be the changes in temperature in the water.
The hammerhead does not seem to adapt well to the cooler waters.
Additionally, the hammerheads

Jaws: What Are The Consequences Of Overfishing Sharks?
Kassadi Zguro
What are the consequences of overfishing sharks?
Thanks to the movie Jaws, many people are scared of sharks. Seeing a fin in the water terrifies all
but the most experienced of beach goers. Sadly, this perception means that most do not really care if
the sharks are hunted to extinction or not. However, society's opinion on sharks needs to change if
we want any hope of saving the world's oceans. Sharks, as an apex predator, are an important part of
the ocean's food chain. To understand why we need sharks, we have to first look at what an
ecosystem is. An ecosystem, as described by the Mirriam Webster Dictionary, is "a system, or a
group of interconnected elements, formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with ...
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There is a type of manta ray that consumes scallops and other shellfish. Sharks eat these rays, and
keep them from overeating the scallops. Coastal areas used by fisherman to sustainably catch
scallops and shellfish would be gone in a few years (Myers, R., Baum, J., Shepard, T., Powers, S., &
Peterson, C. (2007). Shark attacks are rare, and most are not even fatal. In fact, there are only 70 to
100 shark attacks on average around the world. You are more likely to die from fireworks,
drowning, a car accident, or a heart attack than you are a shark bite. Better medical care and faster
response times means that if you are bit by a shark there is a high chance that you will survive. Most
sharks take one bite as a test, to find out if you are edible or not. If you are not, the shark simply
swims away to find a tasty seal or fish to eat instead. (FLMNH Ichthyology Department, 2005).
Every animal is important, but sharks are very high up on the list of animals that humans need to
protect and save. Without them, our ocean's ecosystem and coral reefs would be decimated and
humans would take a dramatic hit in terms of what we ate and fished. Sharks keep the ocean's
population in check and make sure that there are enough of their prey to sustainably eat while giving
us seafood such as scallops and clams. Just because an animal looks scary does not mean that we
should be uncaring about its wellbeing and

Feeding Ecology of Hypostomus Punctatus in Costal Stream...
Feeding ecology of Hypostomus punctatus Valenciennes, 1840 (Osteichthyes, Loricariidae) in a
costal stream from Southeast Brazil
Mazzoni, R.*, Rezende, CF. and Manna, LR.
Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes , Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de
Janeiro – IBRAG, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP 20550–013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil *e–
mail mazzoni@uerj.br Received June 25, 2009 – Accepted September 18, 2009 – Distributed
August 31, 2010 (With 3 figures)
Abstract
In the present study we aimed to compare the feeding ecology of Hypostomus punctatus from a
coastal stream from Southeast Brazil with data previously published for the same study site before
environmental changes. Feeding preferences were assessed ... Show more content on
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Mazzoni and
569
Mazzoni, R., Rezende, CF. and Manna, LR.
Iglesias–Rios, 2007). It composes an area where conservation studies are quite recommended
(Mazzoni et al., 2000; Myers et al., 2000) and trophic studies should help in the development of
managing strategies (Windell and Bowen, 1978; Royce, 1996). The present study is part of a wide
research programme on the trophic ecology of stream dwelling–fishes from the East Atlantic basin
and aimed to analyse the feeding ecology of H. punctatus from one site of Mato Grosso stream and
compare it with the data obtained by Costa (1987) who worked at the same site. The results obtained
would be addressed in a wide context of feeding habits associated to environmental changes.
water discharge at Lagoa de Saquarema (Figure 1). It is a typical coastal stream with water levels
solely regulated by rainfall (~1500 mm.yr–1) and run–off with abundant summer
(November/March) rain accentuating water fluctuations; nonetheless, tropical storms (>120 mm in a
day) are very common throughout the year. Mato Grosso stream flows through meadows deforested
for agricultural practises and cattle breeding and has been changing its course because of sand
extraction in its lowland areas. 2.2. Data collection and analysis Bimonthly samples, between
March/2006 and February/2007, were done by picarés (mesh size 0.5 mm) in a 100 m long stretch in
the lowlands of Mato Grosso stream. Sample site was

The Debate Between The And Minority And Majority, And The...
Humans shall never deem they are the saviours of the Earth because everything we are doing today
was to fix everything humans caused before. In the previous two ESS lectures, the topics were about
the sustainable ways of daily life and the new technology– GMOs– currently for the poor. And in the
three lectures this time, the topics are mainly about the conflict between minority and majority, and
the problems left in the history: if GMOs can help the poor, the system to protect the ocean
condition, and the "environmental racism" that exists in Canada. To begin with, in the ESS lecture of
Oct.1st, a debate between Dr. Thomas and Dr. Patel presents a conflict caused by GMOs. On Dr.
Thomas's position, we can find the direct advantage of GMOs food comparing to the traditional
agriculture by scientific analysis, such as the ability to resist disease, and yields of the field. GMOs
food had already spread out over the world– which was saying the technique had already mature
enough to benefit people efficiently, especially the poor. Besides, the improvement of GMO
technology can also accelerate some of the other industries like international trade, education in the
Third World Country. On the other side, the social problem that was found by Dr. Patel was
different: if it was necessary for the poor to plant GMOs. On his position, the media was telling
people that GMO food was helping the poor, however, the fact was the farmers only received a little
knowledge about the current

Deep Sea Adaptations
Life in the deep ocean [pic]
http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Departments/Ichthyology/larval_fish_archive.html Investigate how
organisms survive in an extreme environment Earth and space science: 2.4 AS91190 Credits: 4
Arnold Weiner Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Ocean zones 2.1 The epipelagic zone 2.2 The
mesopelagic zone 2.3 The bathypelagic zone 2.4 The abyssopelagic zone 2.5 The haedopelagic zone
3.0 The Bathypterois 3.1 Adaptations 3.11 Feeding 3.12 Reproduction ... Show more content on
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Bathypelagic organisms are mostly black, red or transparent, rendering them essentially invisible in
the weak biological light. Because they do not go anywhere, streamlining has either not evolved or
has disappeared. 2.3 The Bathypelagic Zone In the bathypelagic zone, most organisms 4 are unable
to undertake vertical daily migrations because below a certain depth the pressure is too great and the
swim bladder is unable to function – gas cannot be produced. Most of these fish lack swim bladders
or, like orange roughy, have bladders that are filled with wax. Sharks do not have swim bladders but
are able to move vertically. To plane up and down they rely on strong swimming and the buoyancy
provided by their oily livers (oil is less dense than water). This zone is located at a depth of 1000 to
4000 metres. The only source of light is from bioluminescence, as no sunlight can reach these
depths. The pressure is enormous; at 5800 psi (pounds per square inch) it is almost 400 times the
pressure at sea level (14.7 psi). 2.4 The abyssopelagic zone This zone extends from 4000 to 6000
metres deep. 5The water temperature is so cold that it is near freezing, and there is no light at all.
Very few creatures can be found in these freezing, no light, and bone crushing depths. Most of these
creatures are invertebrates, such as

Defining Religion Essay
Defining Religion
The most fundamental question when examining a religion is "what is religion?" That is a distinctly
hard question to answer considering that what is ordinarily considered to be religion is not all it is,
and what many consider not to be religion may be near religious (i.e. sports).
The truth is that there are no genuine answers to the question of "what is religion". Definitions of
religion tend to suffer from one of two problems: they are either too narrow and exclude many of the
belief systems which most people will agree are religious, or they are too vague and ambiguous,
leading one to conclude that just about any and everything is actually a religion. Thus defining ...
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This assumption often tends to confirm for the student the value of being religious.
There are basically two approaches students tend to adopt when studying religion. The first is a
dogmatic approach, which assumes that the truth about God is "out there" to be grasped by us
human beings. The second approach is that of the sceptic, who assumes there is no way we can
grasp any knowledge of God.
Interestingly, dogmatists and sceptics seem to share a common assumption because they both
believe that what we find as a result of studying God or religion will be something objective,
something quite distinct from the investigator's own heart and mind. They differ only in how they
view the "object" towards which the religious search is directed. Dogmatists believe this object must
lie at least partly within the grasp of human knowledge, whereas sceptics believe it does not.
But how should a religion be examined? There is no recipe in doing this, but there are certain rules
which can be followed.
(1) First, the study of religion requires comparison and contrast. That means when we study religion,
we have always to ask ourselves what we are doing and why we are doing it. The study of religion
always involves

What Degrees Are Important For Marine Biologists
Important Questions
What degrees are important for marine biologists?
Some schools offer a marine biology degree and most of these are located in coastal states, but the
undergraduate degree need not be in marine biology. It can be in biology, zoology, fisheries, or one
of the other animal sciences. Physical oceanographers, who study the physical as opposed to the
biological aspects of the sea, may work toward an oceanography degree, with coursework weighted
heavily in physics, mathematics, and computer modeling. Biological oceanographers study both the
biological and physical aspects of the sea and their interactions. Your best bet would be to refer to
the guides mentioned above and contact the schools that interest you and learn more about the
programs and degrees they offer. A bachelor's or master's degree is usually required for most starting
marine biological research jobs, but you should also be aware that the usual level of education
required to carry out independent research in biology is a Ph.D., so if you are serious about a full–
time career and want to organize your own research projects, you should get your doctorate.
What courses should I take? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
English is important, too, because one of the most important activities of a marine biologist is
writing scientific papers and getting them published. Courses in the aquatic sciences such as fishery
biology, ichthyology, and oceanography are also important, as well as courses in your discipline of
interest (for instance, ethology if you are interested in animal behavior). Courses in the social
sciences are also recommended for occupations that deal mainly with the public, public policies, or

A General Overview of Biology
Biology
What is Biology?
Biology is the scientific study of living things and their vital processes. There are more than 10
million species of living things on Earth. They range from microscopic bacteria to huge blue what
and towering redwood trees. Living things vary from where and how they live.
Types of Biology
Biology is a broad subject and that is why it is subdivided into separate branches for convenience of
study. The four main subdivided branches are:
 Botany–the study of plants
 Zoology–the study of animals
 Morphology–the study of the structure of organisms
 Physiology–the function of organisms
Yet there are 9 other types of well known branches of biology:
 Ichthyology–the study of fishes
 Mycology–the study of fungi
 Microbiology–the study of microorganisms
 Protozoology–the study of one–celled animals
 Herpetology–the study of amphibians and reptiles
 Entomology–the study of insects
 Physical Anthropology–the study of mankind
 Molecular Biology–the study of chemical structures of biological phenomena
 Synthetic Biology–the study of biological systems
What biologists study
Certain biologists study organisms that live in specific environments.
Marine biologists investigate life in the ocean just like ornithologists study birds. Cytologists deal
with the structure composition and functions of cells whereas embryologists investigate the
formation and development of animals and plants before they become independent organisms.

Preliminary Proposal : Coastal Alaska- Coa Lter
Preliminary Proposal: LTER: Coastal Alaska– CoA LTER
Overview
The CoA LTER aims to better understand how high–latitude marine ecosystems will be affected by
future ocean change, particularly changes associated with glacial discharge and ocean acidification.
Kachemak Bay, Alaska, is the ideal high–latitude model system to conduct this research because of
its 1) wealth of existing data, 2) existing infrastructure (the Kasitsna Bay Laboratory), 3) high
productivity and biological diversity, 4) susceptibility to climate change (in particular, glacial melt
and increasing acidification), 5) link to the open ocean environment of the Gulf of Alaska, and 6)
importance to fisheries and to subsistence communities. The existing environmental and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, there is a great need for establishing a high–latitude coastal marine LTER in the US.
The ongoing increase in atmospheric temperature is accelerating glacial melt run–off at high–
latitudes, affecting natural environmental fluxes and potentially reducing ecosystem resilience. The
CoA LTER will examine the influence of current and future natural and human–induced variability
and change (e.g., warming of air temperature, and increased glacial melt run–off, and increases in
CO2 concentration) on the marine chemical and physical environment (e.g., pH, carbonate
saturation state, oxygen concentration, salinity, water temperature, sedimentation), and the responses
by biological communities and processes. The long–term time–series data and the biological
experimental results will be used to ground–truth both oceanographic/food web models and
ecological niche models that aim to predict how organisms, communities, and ecosystems will fare
under specific climate change scenarios, e.g., as laid out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change. Such models are essential to guide resource management and conservation decisions that
will protectAlaska's precious marine living resources. The research workflow we develop (observe,
experiment, model) can be applied to other high–latitude coastal regions that anticipate an increase
in freshwater discharge with the goal of characterizing the biological impacts of climate

How Did Charles Darwin Contribute To Biology
Biology
When people hear the word "biology" they most likely think of think of things such as dissecting
frogs or looking through microscopes. There are those who work in biological fields that do perform
such tasks as these. But there is much more to biology than people realize. For example, if you have
ever bought flowers, taken medicine, or eaten food, you have benefited from the work of a biologist.
This makes biology one of the most broad and diverse areas of study. Biology has a variety of
different fields of study. Those fields can study virtually anything, including animals, plants,
evolution, medicine, and marine life, to name a few. The areas of biology that study animals have
numerous diverse specialties, including entomology (the study of insects), ichthyology (the study of
fish), veterinary science (the study of animal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are just a few of the numerous amount of great scientists who contributed to one of the many
different fields of biology. Even though he's not often associated with biology, Aristotle played an
important role in the classification of organisms. He was the first person credited with differentiating
between different organisms; he started noticing differences between plants and animals like the
existence of blood in animals and the lack of blood in plants. Charles Darwin had a great impact on
the world of biology. His theory of evolution is still used for studying evolution today. Robert
Hooke's biggest impact in biology concerns the field of microbiology. Hooke is credited with the
discovery and naming of cells, which he discovered while looking at a microscopic image of a piece
of cork. Gregor Mendel is one of the most famous names in the field of genetics. In fact, his
discoveries paved the way for much of today's modern genetics. While studying the habits of pure
pea plants Mendel discovered the pathways of dominant and recessive

Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz Essay
Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz
(1807–1873)
Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz was born in Motier, Switzerland on May 28, 1807. Born the son of a
Protestant pastor, Louis Agassiz was raised in a religious environment but clearly possessed a deep
interest in natural history and science. "I spent most of the time I could spare...in hunting the
neighboring woods and meadows for birds, insects, and land and fresh water shells" (Lurie 9).
Throughout his childhood and adolescence, his curiosities about nature and its origins drove him to
become a prominent figure in natural history, zoology, and ichthyology.
Louis Agassiz commenced his education in natural history at the universities of Zurich, Heidelberg,
and Munich (Lurie x). After ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1857, Contributions to the Natural History of the United States was published, of which the
greater portion of volume one became Essay on Classification (Lurie introduction). In this text,
Agassiz made comparisons between animals and their specific environments, theorized the relations
between them, and proposed systems of zoological order. This work came at a time of significant
discoveries as well as changes in biology. During these years other noteworthy biologists and
comparative anatomists such as Huxley, Joseph Dalton Hooker, and Darwin were beginning to also
assemble a framework for natural history (Lurie xxiii). Throughout Essay, Agassiz depicted clearly
his standpoint as a supporter of special creationism.
Chapter one of Essay on Classification examined the relations of animals to each other and their
environments. The basis behind this work established the groundwork for his belief in evidence of a
creator through the obvious design of creation in nature. Frequently exploring the immutability of
species, Agassiz depicted the overall plan and structure of an organism to be more important than
any variation that may occur in a species (Agassiz 19–20). In addition, he also addressed the
question of how and when species appeared on earth. With his extensive background with the fossil
record, he theorized, as seen in chapter 1, section VII, that every great type of

Characteristics And Characteristics Of Anchoa Lyolepis
Anchoa lyolepis (Short finger Anchovy)
Family: Engraulidae (Anchovies)
Order: Clupeiformes (Herrings, Anchovies, Shads, Sardines, Menhadens)
Class: Actinipterygii (Ray–finned fishes)
Phylum: Chordata (Chordates)
Fig.1. Short finger Anchovy, Anchoa lyolepis. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchoa_lyolepis,
downloaded October18th 2016]
TRAITS. Anchoa lyolepis, also known as the short finger anchovy has the additional scientific name
of Stolephorus lyolepis (Evermann & Marsh, 1902).The body is round and elongated. Its snout is
long and pointed, slightly longer than eye diameter, with a long pointed maxilla; the upper jaw bone
(Wikipedia, 2016), that almost extends to the gill opening. The canals of the operculum; a hard flap
that protects and covers the gills (Wikipedia, 2015), are of a panamensis–type [Cryptoheros
panamensis; is a freshwater fish that is a member of the Actinipterygii] (Fisebase.org). The
psuedobranch; the reduced first arch of gills (Wikipedia, 2015), is longer than the diameter of the
eye and extends to the operculum with 30 filaments. Their pectoral fin; anterior pair of fins
(Thefreedictionary, 2016), has a first fin ray; a bony soft ray or sharp spine that projects from the
body and is covered by skin (Wikipedia, 2016), that is shorter than the filament; a protein thread
through which gaseous and ionic uptake occur (Wikipedia, 2016). The anal fin is short with 15–22
fin rays. It has a silver stripe along the flank, with a dark line above it, between

Catalina Island Marine Institute: School Trip Report
When I was twelve, I visited the Catalina Island Marine Institute (CIMI) on a school trip. Over the
course of that weekend, I got my first hands on experience studying the Pacific Ocean and it's
marine life. We learned about the growth rates of kelp, the different ecosystems in the Catalina area,
and even went snorkeling in their bay. That weekend inspired me. I had found my intellectual
curiosity, so I asked my parents to enroll me in the Institute's academic summer camp the following
year. I have returned to the island each year since. Although many classes, such as Invertebrates,
Ichthyology and Marine Biology, were strictly academic, they were almost as exciting to me as the
outdoor training. We constructed artificial reefs and sank

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