Leadership Portrayed In The Movie Twelve O’ Clock High
1. Leadership Portrayed in the Movie Twelve O’ Clock High
TWELVE O' CLOCK HIGH: LEADERSHIP TWELVE O' CLOCK HIGH: LEADERSHIP ALONG
THE CONTINUUM– TRANSACTIONAL AND TRANSFORMATIONAL PARADIGMS IN
PRACTICE Introduction The movie "Twelve O' Clock High" is a case study in the application of
leadership theory during World War Two. Gregory Peck portrays Brigadier General Savage, a
United States Army Air Force officer thrust into a situation that requires a maximum effort both on
the ground and in the air as he attempts to re–invigorate an undisciplined, anxiety ridden, and
ineffective combat unit. Throughout the movie we observe Peck's character employing a variety of
leadership methods, but ultimately discovering that true combat effectiveness and cohesion is
accomplished through a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Path–Goal Theory assumes that leaders are flexible and that they can change their style, as situations
require. The theory proposes two contingency variables, such as environment and follower
characteristics, that moderate the leader behavior–outcome relationship. The leader must consider
follower's valences, instrumentalities, expectancies, equity of rewards, and accuracy of role
perceptions when assessing the requirements of his followers. Additionally, personal characteristics
of subordinates determine how the environment and leader are interpreted. Effective leaders clarify
the path to help their followers achieve organizational goals and facilitate the journey by reducing
roadblocks and pitfalls. This approach assumes that there is one right way of achieving a goal and
that the leader can see it while the followers can not. This casts the leader as the knowing person and
the followers as dependent, thereby limiting the development of the follower. While the path–goal
theory has some validity, Bass argues that better leaders integrate a task–oriented and relationship–
oriented approach (Blake & Mouton, 1964) as well as demonstrate their ability to clarify the path to
the goals (Bass, 1960, 1990). Furthermore, this transactional
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4. ISBN–10: 952–488–006–7
ISBN–13: 978–952–488–009–1
Helsinki School of Economics HSE Print 2006
The Effects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The dominant logic of marketing is shifting from the exchange of goods toward service,
interactivity, connectivity and ongoing relationships (Vargo and Lusch 2004).
Technological innovations, new channels, and changing media environments facilitate this shift
(Bhattacharya and Bolton 2000), and the question of how firms should interact with their customers
is gaining in importance, especially as firms consider the cost differences between traditional
communications media, such as television and sales forces, and electronic media, such as the Web
and email (Reinartz et al. 2005). The cost efficiency and interactivity of digital channels facilitate
ongoing dialogue between the enterprise and the customer (see e.g.
Deighton and Barwise 2000; Peppers and Rogers 2004). Marketers can now be in touch with their
customers on a more frequent basis and increase the level of personalization and interactivity with
low or non–excessive cost. Our main claim is that being frequently in touch with customers should
help achieve positive effects on customer loyalty.
For instance, customers can be offered additional information and brand communication when
buying products or
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5.
6. A Period Of General Economic Decline
In the late 2000s, a period of general economic decline occurred in world's markets. Even though the
Great Recession, as it was called, varied from country to country it is concluded that it was the worst
economic recession since WW2. (Davis, 2009).
Greece's case was somewhat peculiar. While the crisis in Europe progressed from banking system
crises to sovereign debt crisis, in Greece it happened the other way. In 2010 the Greek government
revealed that the deficit of Greece in 2009 had made the public debt no longer viable. The country
tried to regain the trustworthiness of the global markets by reducing its expenditures. This didn't
work and the government of George Papandreou, in April 23, 2010, requested the help of the IMF.
(Προσφυγή της Ελλάδας στο μηχανισμό στήριξης ανακοίνωσε ο πρωθυπουργός, 2010). Greece was
the first country in the euro area to request financial support from the IMF.
But, "to drive through the Greek bailout, the fund bent its own rules. It lifted an IMF ban on the fund
lending money to countries – like Greece – that were unable to pay their debts." (Wroughton,
Schneider, & Kyriakidou, 2015).
"The organisation got around this by slipping through a radical change in IMF rescue policy,
allowing an exemption (since abolished) if there was a risk of systemic contagion. 'The board was
not consulted or informed,' it said. The directors discovered the bombshell 'tucked into the text' of
the Greek package, but by then it was a fait accompli."
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7.
8. Human Resources at ASDA
Task 1 i) The Human Resource Management or personnel function of ASDA covers a variety of
activities. The term 'Human Resource Management' has largely replaced the old–fashioned word
'personnel', which was used in the past. The types of work covered in the Human resource function
might include the following: ·A Policy–making role – This is important because the Human
resourcesdepartment need to be making big policies thatcover the place of work and the importance
of thepeople in ASDA. ·A Welfare role – The welfare role concerned with taking care ofpeople in
the work place including their needs. ·A Supporting role – This role is concerned with helping
department managers appoint and train new workers. ·A Bargaining and negotiating ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations 1985 (RIDDOR).
RIDDOR set out that injuries resulting from accidents at work where an employee is incapacitated
for three or more days must be reported to the authorities within seven days. Injuries involving
fatalities must be notified immediately by the most practical means (e.g. by phone). Listed diseases
must also be notified. ASDA will, keep statistics on both minor accidents at work (i.e. ones however
minor that involve some form of first aid) and accidents that have to be reported to the authorities
under RIDDOR. ASDA will want to keep internal statistics to make sure that undesirable trends do
not occur. In the course of time ASDA will want to see accident levels falling. Accident rates can be
calculated simply as the number of accidents per year within a chosen unit (team, firm, industry,
etc...). In calculating accident rates in ASDA, the most accurate method is to calculate the statistics
according to each employee working in the industry or per hour worked by employees in the
industry. This is because some industries employ far more people than others and because the
numbers employed change over time. Age, skills and training ASDA will have a range of employees
who have worked for different lengths of time and who have different levels of skills and training.
The Human Resource planner will
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9.
10. The Role Of Witchcraft In African Cultures And Societies?
How does witchcraft play a role in African cultures and societies?
Anthropology 140
Sydney Benson
California State University, Chico
Abstract
This paper explores and addresses the role that witchcraft plays in African cultures and societies. It
delves into six different sources and analyzes how witchcraft plays a role in each of the different
African tribes discussed. Each source displays new information and practices regarding the different
tribes and cultures throughout Africa and how witchcraft relates to each and every one of them.
Although each tribe had a different view of witchcraft, all of them have a general fear for witches,
and shared some sort of societal impact as a result.
How does witchcraft play a role in African cultures and societies?
Witchcraft has been known to spark conflict in many cultures and has been proven to create both
positive and negative effects within cultures and societies. Witchcraft has been found in many
different countries and cultures; however, it has been a prominent aspect of African societies.
The practice of witchcraft has been known to cause fear and has primarily been a symbol of evil
throughout the world (GechikoNyabwari & NkongeKagema, 2014). Anthropologists speaking of
witchcraft are generally referring to individuals that have an innate ability to do evil. Being a witch
does not depend on ritual, and oftentimes witchcraft can be unconscious or unintentional (Stein &
Stein, 2016). Witches often
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11.
12. Reflection on My Nursing Decision
Pearson (2013) clarifies "clinical decision making is essential to every aspect of care delivered to a
patient" (p. 214). It is the ability to blend information and make decisions that will later be
implemented in the situation. Evidence–based decision making involves choosing from a variety of
possibilities and combining the knowledge through research and the scientific evaluation of one's
practice. The purpose of this paper is to analyze my decision of administering ativan by advocating
for the patient and anticipating her change prior to confirming signs; which provided a therapeutic
response. Clinical Decision During my community placement of the cataract clinic at St. Joseph's
Hospital, one patient I observed looked extremely anxious ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Rationale for Framework The CAEN Decision Making Model for Nursing Practice Framework was
chosen for this analysis due to its incorporation of foundational knowledge, thinking processes,
context and decision–making processes. The model places major emphasis on the quality of
relationships, salience and pattern recognition, healing initiatives, critical reflection to analyze a
situation pre and post and to value different ways of knowing. The client along with the nurse is
intertwined in the center of the framework highlighting the importance of their relationship. All
critical decision making for nursing practice is the client's lived experience of health and healing;
which is essential to the inquiry process where a nurse will enter into and become engaged in the
new relationship. In this situation, being directly involved with the patient provided an opportunity
to create a relationship on the basis of providing health and healing measures (CAEN, 2008).
Coming to Know the Client The first stage of this framework is coming to know the client, which
requires the nurse to understand that the personal meaning of health and healing is individualized
and the context of this area is highly subjective. Gillespie and Paterson (2009) state that "clinical
decision–making processes are triggered by recognition of a cue from a patient" (p. 167). In the case
of this patient, the decision was based off a cue; a change
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13.
14. The Importance Of Kinship In Cultural Anthropology
Kingsborough Community College
Importance of Kinship in cultural anthropology
Student: Amulang Mantsynov
Professor: Igor Pashkovskiy
Kinship has traditionally been one of the key topics in social and cultural anthropology. There are
two primary reasons for this. First, although not all communities are constituted on the basis of
kinship, all humans have a kinship as individuals and are related to other individuals through it.
Second, for the sorts of "tribal," classless, economically unspecialized societies that anthropologists
have mostly – though no longer exclusively – studied, kinship has appeared to be the main or even
sole form of social organization. These observations led various theoretical approaches, especially
the schools of functionalism and structuralism within social anthropology, to focusing on how social
groups are formed. They got interested in studying of how individuals are related to one another
through kinship, and what kinds of mutual rights and duties they have as a result. (R. Parkin.
Kinship)
Parkin (2012) also points out that unlike the functionalists and structuralists, cultural
anthropologists, elected to focus more greatly on the symbolic rather than socio–practical aspects of
kinship. They are interested in the meanings attached to being a particular sort of relative. They also
study how symbols of and perspectives on an individual, the body, and gender tell kinship ideas and
practices. In broad terms, a study of kingship from the symbolic standpoint has prevailed in America
since the beginning of the twentieth century and periodically has been reinvented and by the 1970s
become more influential in world anthropology, especially in its poststructuralist phase. The field of
study of a kinship can be divided into three major categories: descent (that is, relations between
generations); affinity (marriage); and siblingship. However, the siblingship hasn't been studied as
widely as the first two categories. (R. Parkin. Kinship).
By the definition provided in the New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, kinship is "a relation between
two or more persons that is based on common ancestry (descent) or marriage (affinity)." In his work
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15.
16. The Nuer Analysis
John Hood ANTH 451 Writing Assignment 3 08 October 2014 In his work, The Nuer, E. E. Evans–
Pritchard presents findings from his field research among the Nuer people of the Sudan in Africa.
From the onset, it is clear that cows are regarded as being of extreme importance in Nuer society.
The Nuer are a pastoral society, highly dependent upon their environment. The only labor in which
the Nuer delight, Evans–Pritchard suggests, is the care of cows. Most social activities revolve
around cattle, and he urges any research of the Nuer be focused on how cows relate to society.
Names of individuals are often derived from cows, such as one's favorite cow, or the cow he or she
happens to milk. The games children play are primarily cow–themed, ... Show more content on
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He focuses on social solidarity, in a Durkheimian sense, stating that it is strongest at the village
level. Tribes he portrays as effectively being military units, which have different rules for internal
tribal fighting versus fighting other tribes. He illustrates that there is ultimately no central authority
among the Nuer, especially within any nationalistic sense, yet the Nuer still view their overall
culture as distinct from others. Evans–Pritchard does address the ways in which members of society
may change tribes, as well as the ways tribes may change somewhat due to kinship fluctuation. He
seems to portray the political system as a response to foreign policy needs, which is to say in the
Nuer's perpetual war with the neighboring Dinka. A Nuer myth is offered in which this war against
the Dinka is justified due to Dinka transgression against the supreme deity. He characterizes the war
as a structural relationship recognizing a certain similarity in being between the Nuer and the Dinka.
Here Evans–Pritchard again seems to fall into colonialist ethnocentricsm and cultural evolutionist
theory by criticizing the Nuer for not being able to evolve to Western standards due to the their
fixation on cattle and their political system designed for perpetual warfare. In this regard, the
political
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17.
18. On Key Symbols (1873)- S. Ortner
On Key Symbols Author(s): Sherry B. Ortner Reviewed work(s): Source: American Anthropologist,
New Series, Vol. 75, No. 5 (Oct., 1973), pp. 1338–1346 Published by: Wiley–Blackwell on behalf of
the American Anthropological Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/674036 .
Accessed: 05/09/2012 09:42
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She did not arriveat this tension throughan analysis of the meanings of chrysanthemums and swords
in the culture; she first established the tension in Japanese culture through analysis of various
symbolic systems, then chose these two items from the repertoireof Japanesesymbols to sum up the
opposition. In the second, more commonly employed approach, the investigator observes something
which seems to be an object of cultural interest, and analyzes it for its meanings. The
observationthat some symbol is a focus of cultural interest need not be very mysterious or intuitive.
I offer here five reasonably reliable indicators of cultural interest, and there are probably more. Most
key symbols, I venture to suggest, will be signaled by more than one of these indicators: (1) The
natives tell us that X is culturally important. (2) The natives seem positively or negatively aroused
about X, rather than indifferent. (3) X comes up in many different contexts. These contexts may be
behavioral or systemic: X comes up in many different kinds of action situation or conversation,or X
comes up in many different symbolic domains (myth, ritual, art, formal rhetoric, etc.). (4) There is
greater cultural elaboration surroundingX, e.g., elaboration of vocabulary, or elaboration of details
of X's
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19.
20. Mirror For Humanity, Gottlieb's, The Non-Mo
I picked out the introduction part and the second body sentence to show how I use quotation,
summary, and paraphrase, for different purposes in accordance to the goal. In this essay, I was
required to discuss about what builds a culture, based on three designated documents, Mirror for
Humanity, Kottak (2002), The Afterlife is Where We Come From, Gottlieb's (2004), and The Nuer,
Evans–Pritchard, E. E. (1940).
In the first paragraph, I selected to use a quotation from one of the assigned textbooks of my course.
Since, the definition of a culture has been vague and there are wide ranges of different definitions
that were explained by many anthropologists. Therefore, first of all, I used one citation from the
Kottak's book to integrate and define the view of culture.
The reasons why I decided to quote his sentence are that what he had defined was relevant to what I
tried to advocate in this essay, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, when I use citation, I had to mention the source of the information, such as author and
published date, at the end of the sentence. Without mentioning, it became a plagiarism. Secondly,
throughput the whole essay, the border of paraphrase and summary was not specified. Since, I had
used summary and quotation rather than paraphrase frequently, I guess I did not understand these
differences clearly. Thirdly, in this essay, most of the time, I used the sources only from the
designated books without considering other different materials, thus I should researched more to get
reliable information. In addition, in the second body paragraph, I had to assess the consequences of
the comparison and utter my consideration in the original words. However, throughout the second
paragraph, what I did was rewriting others ideas. In other words, I just wrote the existing
information by replacing similar
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21.
22. Witchcraft Explains Unfortunate Events Summary
Sir E. E. Evans–Pritchard was an anthropologist and Professor of Social Anthropology at the
University of Oxford. His most notable work was Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande
in which he details the applications and understanding of witchcraft and other similar ideas of a
culture group in North Central Africa. The main argument of the second chapter The Notion of
Witchcraft Explains Unfortunate Events is the Zande use the explanation of witchcraft as a means of
attributing cause to misfortune that is separate from the obvious/objective cause of the event. Given
the information presented in this chapter, I would say that I agree with Evans–Pritchard's assessment
that the Zande use witchcraft to attribute cause to their misfortune. While the Zande are familiar
with concepts such as carelessness, incompetence, and even natural misfortune, when it comes into
factoring in coincidence, they supplant the notion of witchcraft. Instead of coincidental causal
phenomena, the Zande maintain there is no coincidence in misfortune as it happens as a direct result
of witchcraft. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The difficulty lay with Evans–Pritchard's initial ethnocentrism in early observations, as there is little
familiar cultural context to pull from with regard to the active role of witchcraft in day–to–day life.
Evans–Pritchard also notes, "Witchcraft participates in all misfortunes and is the idiom in which
Azande speak about them and in which they explain them."
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23.
24. Witchcraft And Oracles Chapter Summary
Witchcraft and Oracles
Every culture is different, it is what makes the world an interesting place. Being different does not
indicate one culture or group of people is superior to another, just different. All humans are entitled
to believe and practice what they believe is the right thing. In central Africa, in the Sudan Region,
there is a place called Zande where the Azande people live. In the book written by Holly Peters–
Golden, Culture Sketches, Chapter 1 educates the reader on the subject of the Azande people and
their primitive way of life. The author discusses the uniqueness of their culture, including their
traditions, beliefs, and customs. While American and Azande cultures vary greatly, both societies
have the freedom to practice ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, someone not paying attention causes an accident. Yes, it is awful luck for those
involved, but is not as a result of witchcraft or some magic spell. In the film, Witchcraft among the
Azande, produced by anthropologist John Ryle and filmmaker Andre Singer, and reviewed by P.
Leis (1981), Leis summarizes the Azande practices, including the types of oracles that aid in
problem–solving. In the film review, Leis explains how significant it is to the Azande to enlist the
help of oracles to identify the person that has the witch powers causing the harm (para.3). In
American, we do not have oracles as a means to resolve personal or legal conflicts. Counselors,
mediators, priests, and judges are employed by our society to handle such issues. Just as we believe
in logical reasons, so do the Azande. However, their logic is witchcraft is the cause. The Azande
believe that witchcraft is the sole reason of why terrible events happened, whether it is an illness,
injury, or death, even if there was another explanation for it. According to Peters–Golden who
wrote, Culture Sketches, the Azande believe that while certain things are not the result of a witch,
the events are all related. For example, a person trips over a log in the road and hurts their foot. The
Azande will agree that the witch did not put the log there, but the witch made him trip. All the
events that
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25.
26. The Importance Of Witchcraft In The 1400s
Witchcraft in the 1400s going on to the 1700s gained massive popularity due to several factors.
Some of these factors included hallucinogens contained in the "oyl" women used to anoint
themselves, manipulating the hysteria and using it as a form of social control to make people
conform to the norms of the society and lastly, using it to explain misfortunes that afflicted the
people of the community and the neighboring ones. First, a witch had confessed that before going
off on their meetings, they (the witches) anoint themselves with a special "oyl" that was brought to
them by a spirit and that it assisted them on their journey with the devil to Sabbat, a place filled with
merriment where their desires were being fulfilled. This ointment was said to help in the
transportation of their soul or body to the said destination. The "oyl" was rubbed on their staffs,
broomstick or under their armpits and other hairy parts of their body. What was unknown to them
was that the ointment contained hallucinogenic active agents from plants like mandrake, henbane,
and belladonna (also referred to as deadly nightshade). From these plants, the active hallucinogenic
agent, atropine can be found in them and according to Marvin Harris, "atropine is...absorbable
through the intact skin." Under the influence of this hallucinogen, the users of the ointment claimed
to see several people with them making merry in the Sabbat and fulfilling their utmost desires of
sexual lust and other erotic behaviors.
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27.
28. In Dennis Covington’S Book Salvation On Sand Mountain And
In Dennis Covington's book Salvation on Sand Mountain and David Haberman's Journey Through
the Twelve Forests: An Encounter with Krishna, we get two very different experiences of researches
stepping into a world of different religion and perspectives than their own. While both Haberman
and Covington focus on a certain religion and the traditions of its followers, Haberman does a better
job with presenting an accurate representation of Hinduism and the Braj pilgrimage. This is because
Covington's book delves too deeply into his personal journey and opinion without explaining any
details or history of Christianity and the snake–handling, while Haberman gives the reader history of
Hinduism and the significance of the Braj pilgrimage. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While both attempt to take an ethnographic approach, Covington's writing truly does show the
journalistic background he came from, since it came off as almost more story–telling than an actual
research piece. Haberman, on the other hand, provided the reader with a large amount of
background and history on Hinduism, essentially assuming the reader didn't know anything about
Hinduism going into the book. This made it so that while the reader was going on the journey of the
pilgrimage with Haberman, they were also getting the informational and historical background of
Hinduism and why the pilgrimage was performed, something that Covington cannot grasp so well.
This could partly be because Covington assumes his audience is coming from a Christian and
Western perspective, meaning a background and history of Christianity isn't necessary. While
Haberman, on the other hand, makes the same assumption, so a history and background of Hinduism
would be necessary to accurately tell and portray the whole story. It is more appropriate for
researchers to assume that their audience lacks the background knowledge than that they have it,
because there could be missed information or unclear points made by the researchers otherwise.
When explaining the traditions and beliefs of those in the snake–handling church, Covington
presents in the information within the framework of his life and his experiences,
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31. A recent example is Chaos Theory, taken from mathematics and physics and
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32.
33. Abercrombie and Fitch
Abercrombie and Fitch: International expansion external and internal analysis Name Here Business
Mgmt Name Here Date Here Executive Summary This case study was identified to examine why
international sales volume of Abercrombie and Fitch have increased over the past three years and to
recommend further international expansion to increase sales volume. The research draws attention to
the fact that in 2009, the US stores generated 81.2% of Abercrombie and Fitch's net sales. The
shares of international stores and direct–to–consumer net sales were very small in comparison. Over
the next two years the US stores decreased net sales percentages while net sales increased. Further
investigation reveal that the US market shrinkage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company is headquartered in New Albany, Ohio with over 1000 stores in North America,
European union and Asia and $4.1 Billion in net sales. The organization has approximately 85,000
associates including part–time. In 2006 Abercrombie and Fitch launched the initial international
expansion with the opening of the London, England store. From that initial launch the company has
successfully launched other international locations in Milan, Italy and Tokyo, Japan as well as other
locations in European union and Asia. In addition to these brick and mortar operations, Abercrombie
and Fitch have expanded its international reach with its online store capability. External
Environment – General Political Any organization expanding its operations internationally faces a
number of political factors including: Government and tax guidelines, employment regulations,
environmental regulations, trade and tariff regulations and limitations, as well as other factors.
Organizations that operate internationally need to review and ensure that free trade agreements are
in place for easier transfer of materials for the purpose of manufacturing as well as the distribution
of the final inventory for end sales. The majority of clothing manufacturing resides within Asia,
Central America and South America. In these regions there are risks associated with
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34.
35. Customer Loyalty
Background and Aims 1.0 Introduction 1 This study explores the impact of relationship marketing
on customer loyalty in banking context. In particular, it will discuss the significance and influence of
the underpinnings of the relationship marketing such as trust, commitment, conflict handling, values
and empathy on customers' loyalty in the banking sector. This chapter contains; (1) Background of
The Study, (2) Problem Statement, (3) Specific Objectives of This Study, (4) Research Question, (5)
Theoretical Framework, (6) Hypothesis, and (7) Significant of the Study. Part one (1) Background
of The Study will describe about the background and theories which related to this research. Part
Two (2), Problem Statement discusses the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is generally recognized that there are linkages between service quality, customer satisfaction and
loyalty Caruana, (2002). However Oliver (1999) stated that the suggestion that satisfaction generates
loyalty in erroneous, with between 65% and 85% of satisfied customers defecting to other suppliers.
There have been a number of studies that have looked at the antecedents of loyalty, including value,
levels of functional and emotional risk, and brand reputation, trust, effect and preference. A number
of studies by various researchers (Caruana, 2002; Oliver, 1999) have contributed to the
understanding of the relationship between the consumer and provider. Higher levels of customer
loyalty in service organizations initiate a series of economic effects in a business system. Revenues
and market share grow as loyal customers commit to the organization, become repeat customers,
and recommend the organization to others. Reichheld & Sasser (1990) conducted their studies
across 14 industries in the United States and found that a 5% increase in customer retention leads to
an increase in profit of between 25% to 95%. Keaveney (1995) argued that losing a regular customer
is a loss from the higher margin part of an organization customer–base. Customer loyalty also leads
to lower costs 4 of retention compared to the costs of attracting new customers. In addition,
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36.
37. Abercrombie and Fitch: International expansion external...
Abercrombie and Fitch: International expansion external and internal analysis Name Here Business
Mgmt Name Here Date Here Executive Summary This case study was identified to examine why
international sales volume of Abercrombie and Fitch have increased over the past three years and to
recommend further international expansion to increase sales volume. The research draws attention to
the fact that in 2009, the US stores generated 81.2% of Abercrombie and Fitch's net sales. The
shares of international stores and direct–to–consumer net sales were very small in comparison. Over
the next two years the US stores decreased net sales percentages while net sales increased. Further
investigation reveal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The risks can be considered moderate to high as any employee, supplier or vendor having
circumvented the labour training laws would be associated with the organization. This could impact
the way business is conducted and could increase costs of merchandise, and may also impact
manufacturing and logistics as well as potential fines, penalties and reputation issues that may
arise.5 In addition with the current financial situation within numerous countries (Greece, Italy, and
Spain) there have been sweeping changes in taxation laws both for individuals and business in order
to stabilize economic conditions. These potential changes have a high risk to the financial situation
of any regional brick and mortar operation as there is a definite impact to the organization's gross
profit margins. Economics/Global Basic economics identifies a recession by contracting GDP and
increasing unemployment. Currently in the European union there is a general fall in GDP and rise in
unemployment. Greece, Spain and Portugal have been especially hit hard with high unemployment.
This contracting GDP also has impacts on workers, as some workers will have wages lowered and
some will have the hours reduced. Each of these measures is used by organizations to reduce costs
while
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38.
39. Compare and Contrast the Role of the Hr Business Partner...
Compare and contrast the role of the HR Business Partner with that of an external consultant.
Evaluate effectiveness of a HRBP v an external consultant
This paper will evaluate the extent to which academic and professional research into the roles of the
HR Business Partner and that of the external consultant allow for a critical comparison between the
two as to their effectiveness. Are they fundamentally different or essentially the same? Having
firstly attempted to define then compare and contrast the two roles in relation to a number of key
areas and tasks, the paper will also draw upon the findings of various academic and professional
sources to endeavour to evaluate the effectiveness of the HR Business Partner against that of the ...
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However Caldwell, citing Becker et al, is probably correct in asserting that, "despite these revisions,
the 'Michigan model' of HR competencies is still characterised by definitional disputes, analytical
inconsistency, and the performance impact of specific competencies has proved to be shifting and
elusive" (2008, 277). Notwithstanding its critics the Ulrichian HR model is extremely popular in the
UK.
This paper will, in agreement with Wright, who sees the HR Business Partner role as involving "the
competencies of an internal consultant whose function is to support organisational change and
advise on people management practices" (2008, 1065), treat the HR Business Partner as constituting
a specific type of internal consultant. Although it is noted that Kulik and Perry (2008) view the
identification of the HR Business Partner as an internal consultant as likely to weaken its
professional identity with the HR field.
Biswas and Twitchell define a consultant as, "an adviser who provides objective, practical assistance
alongside dealing with a client's uncertainties" (2002, 5). While Block defines the consultant as, "a
person in a position to have some influence over an individual or group, but who has no direct
power to make changes or implement programmes" (2011, 3). This characterisation of the consultant
as someone who is separate from the organisational system is also picked up by Schein, who
describes
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40.
41. Research Awareness Essay examples
Research Awareness for Healthcare Professionals Summative Assignment This report discusses the
task of searching for a piece of literature based on the theme of 'Respect and Dignity'. This is an
important topic for all healthcare professionals such as nurses and midwives, doctors,
physiotherapists and occupational therapists to be aware of, as service users have a right and an
expectation to be treated with respect and dignity at all times when accessing healthcare. The NHS
Institute for Innovation and Improvement states that dignity in care should involve "...offering a
genuinely personal service; flexibility in where or when the care is provided; a service that considers
the right to privacy of people receiving care; and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first 25 entries of these results are displayed in a list in appendix 1. For my second search I
focused on making the key words of my search term more applicable for what I hoped to find. I
again used the 'summon' search facility and entered the search term 'adolescent health empowerment
via communication'. This search produced 4678 results and these results were then refined by
publication type to include only journals, and by subject type to include the subjects of 'children and
youth' and 'adolescents', I again refined by publication date of 2008 to present, and to show only
English language results. This then produced a list of 57 results and the first 25 entries of these
results are displayed in appendix 2. The more detailed and specific criteria of this search appears to
have produced some slightly more successful results than in my first search as I found 2 articles of
particular interest that were more relevant to my search requirements; article number 4 in appendix
2: 'Adolescents Transition to Self–Management of a Chronic Genetic Disorder' (2008) by Giarelli,
E., Bernhardt, B.A., Mack, R. & Pyeritz, R.E, writes of the requirement of "gradual changes in
knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour influenced by parents, peers, and health care providers" in order
for the successful transition to self–management of a disorder. Also article number 10: 'Feasibility
and impact of a school–based intervention for families of urban adolescents with asthma:
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42.
43. Behaviourist Theory : Cognitive Developmental Theory, And...
The theories/approaches established by historical and contemporary pioneers provide valuable
insight, underpinning the understanding of how children develop, allowing teachers to enhance the
holistic development of every child. This essay will analyse the: behaviourist theory; cognitive–
developmental theory; and socio–cultural theory.
Behaviourist Theory
Behaviourists regard behaviour as a response to a stimulus; pioneering the belief that internal
cognitive processes are unnecessary when explaining behaviour. This view is supported by the
behaviourist John Locke who proposed that children are born as 'blank slates' ('tabula rasa') whereby
children are shaped by experience (Neaum, 2010). The behaviourist approach assumes that the
process of learning is the same in all species; therefore concluding that human and animals learn in
similar ways. Early behaviourists include Edward Thorndike, Edward Tolman and Edwin Guthrie
conducted experiments on animals, under carefully observed conditions (Collin, 2011). However the
three theorists, most associated with behaviourism are: Ivan Pavlov, John Watson and B.F. Skinner.
These theorists identified two types of associative learning: classical and operant conditioning; these
methods underpin the behaviourist perspective.
Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) was a Russian psychologist who inadvertently discovered classical
conditioning; a way to view the functioning of the nervous system, this remains his greatest
psychological contribution
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44.
45. Azande from an Azande Viewpoint
The Azande from an inside perspective: Editor's notes: Azande culture is surprising simple in
structure, or at first glance from a western perspective, it appears to be simple. This culture is very
different from what Americans or even Westerners experience on a day–to–day basis. The Azande
culture is hierarchal and patriarchal, and has many actions, beliefs, and superstitions that have
manifested themselves out of centuries of attempts to justify natural occurrences with a logical,
understandable, and believable explanation. What follows are Azande observations concerning
American society. American culture has many beliefs and activities that are completely without
reason. They torture their male babies when they are born by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They dance to the sound of the drums and sing topical songs more often than not rather obscene"
(gurtong.net). Some of the American society lives on farms raising crops and animals for food, but
most food is purchased at a centralized location, and clearly not grown by most of the citizens
consuming it. Adultery seems to be a problem in America, as there is much attention given to it in
the writings and publications of the society. But it appears that nothing much is done about it, so it
must be pretty much accepted, and even when it concerns the wives of one of the American chiefs
there is usually not much rancor about it. In Azande, we handle such things more correctly, the
offending male may very well live the remainder of his life without sexual organ, hands, or lips if
found committing adultery with the wife of one of our chiefs. Americans claim not to believe in
witchcraft, but their literature is replete with references to voodoo, bad luck, hanging horse shoes
and rabbits foots for good luck, and other claims which show they clearly believe that misfortune
can be prevented and is usually caused by someone else's actions or wishes. When misfortune does
occur and someone dies, no attention is paid to what animal they may be re–incarnated into, males
are not buried facing the East, and females are no buried facing the West. It is beyond belief of how
can such an advanced
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46.
47. Examples Of Witchcraft
From my understanding witchcraft is what is basically used to explain situations that human kind
believe is unexplainable in terms of science or nature; or simplified reasons of human understanding
of the world around us. These understandings of which most are found in rural or secluded areas,
and in places where wealth is distributed unequally. I also gather from the readings of; Evan
Pritchard, that witchcraft explains functionalism in primitive though lines and in contrast to Fraser
McNeil and Daniel Jordan Smith's readings witchcraft in another context explains structuralism.
Among the Azande's witchcraft serves as an explanation to functionalism in one's life or the way
they choose to live. For example certain things happen to certain people at a certain time for a
certain reason. If he reason is not clear they contribute or associate it with witchcraft. The person has
therefore been bewitched if the reason is not attributed to breaking taboo. Witchcraft is an
explanation of misfortunes in the Azande community which also helps regulate human conduct
(Pritchard: 18). From my understanding this is what maintains order in the Azande communities as
people avoid things that will bring bad luck upon them and generational curses. The Azande do not
entirely dismiss the actual causation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are still gaps in the economy of South Africa post apartheid. This is due to the migrant labour
decrease which resulted to increased unemployment. Certain parts of the country being independent
states which were former homelands of migrant labourers have lost large amounts of their income
resulting to the great obscurity. The social and political manoeuvres post apartheid and the re–
incorporation of Venda into the now known, Limpopo created the now visible economic inequality
or rather uneven distribution of wealth (McNeil). The people of Venda like of Owerri associate
quick wealth with
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48.
49. The Evil Eye Among The Azande
I. Introduction
This extended essay will involve a comparison of ethnographic material from two case studies, E. E.
Evans–Pritchard's, Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande (Oxford 1937) and V.
Chryssanthopoulou's article on "The Evil Eye among the Greeks of Australia: Identity, Continuity
and Modernization", in J. C. B. Petropoulos (ed.), Greek Magic: Ancient, Medieval and Modern
(Routledge 2008, pp. 106–118). The aim of this comparison will be to illustrate two different
indigenous systems of knowledge and understanding of man's misfortune in the world as employed
by the members of these societies. In particular, I shall be focusing on the beliefs and practices of
these societies which surround notions of misfortune in everyday ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, when Pritchard paid the two different witchdoctors to teach his servant all their
secrets, when he acknowledges that the custom is that the teachings have to be strictly confidential
to someone who is particularly interested in proceeding his career as a witch doctor. In addition,
woman's position in the Zande society is a very briefly mentioned aspect when on the contrary,
Chryssanthopoulou being a female anthropologist, has a frequency to mention only claims of
women about the Evil Eye. However; it might be the case that men among the Azande are more
involved with witchcraft than women and respectively in reverse in the Castellorizian community.
Also, Chryssanthopoulou is a follower of the Greek Orthodox Church that as mentioned above,
accepts the Evil Eye concept. Finally, it should be mentioned that Evans Pritchard being a British
studied the Azande when they were under a great change because of the British rule, but again the
topic is only briefly mentioned in the ethnography.
Evans Pritchard's work "Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande" was the first
ethnography that tried to understand the native's set of belief when in their own context and not
through a Westerner's eye. It was him that first criticized and disposed of the thought that there
existed a particularly primitive, "prelogical" mentality. His point was to investigate the
interrelationships of thought and
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50.
51. Analysis Of Adipose Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
"Research Proposal"
Medical Biotechnology, Health Sciences
Honours Research Proposal 30/06/2015
John Drummond
2040768
1) Grant titles
Scientific title
Analysis of adipose derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC's) microRNA (miRNA) expression
profile over multiple passages and pancreatic β–cell miRNA expression profile post differentiation
from iPSC's.
Simplified title
Improvement of stem cell differentiation to pancreatic β–cell for transplantation into diabetics.
2) Project summary
Ethical concerns regarding the use of embryo–derived embryonic stem cells (ES), and the immune
response elicited by differentiated ES cells, are being circumvented by using induced pluripotential
stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients' somatic cells. These can be differentiated into other cell
types including pancreatic –cells for diabetics. Unfortunately aspects of iPSC DNA & regulation
of differentiation impair the production of cells for transplant. Understanding the role of micro
RNAs in iPSC differentiation could improve the therapeutic application of iPSCs.
3) Keywords
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC's)
Embryonic stem cells (ES)
Micro RNA (miRNA)
Epigenetics
Pancreatic β–cells
4) Clearance requirements: List any ethical implications & approvals required. Describe each that
applies to your proposal (ie. humans, animals, hazardous chemicals, biohazards, OGTR) in ~2 lines.
Human research ethics committee (HREC) application and approval required to collect
54. Selecting Stallions for Breeding
Efficient and effective breeding is dependent on the performance of the Stallion and the mare.
Adequate knowledge of the Stallion anatomy keeps one at good point to make good decision on
selecting Stallion that will perform above average (Graffin, 2000, Morris & Allen, 2002)
The records of the history of Stallion is a basic tool to understanding the past of the stallion and that
makes it easier to evaluate its present. It should be an eye opener to the accurate age, breed type,
sexual experience, rearing practices, production rate, mating ability, health records, treatments, past
body condition, tests and environmental condition. (Hickman, 1984).
Body conformation is a heritable trait of a stallion by its offspring (Saastamoinen and Barrey,
2000).The physical condition should be at good rating, the stallion should have a good limb
conformation and should be free from all bone and locomotion defects. Dolwik and Klemetsdal
(1999) reported that body scoring condition of a stallion averagely 3, but a stallion that is
consistently used for covering can be raised above 4 so that it does not become emaciated after the
breeding season. Stallion with low score are found with have low libido and are not capable to
withstand breeding pressure. Obese stallion are usually lazy and are at higher risk of having insulin
resistance and laminitis (Hoffman et al., 2003) and respiratory problems (Webb et al. 1989. Increase
fat level could be detrimental to sperm production because of elevated
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55.
56. E.E Evans-Pritchard Once Said, “I Have Often Been Asked
E.E Evans–Pritchard once said, "I have often been asked whether, when I was among the Azande, I
got to accept their ideas about witchcraft. I suppose you can say I accepted them. I had no choice. In
my own culture, I rejected Azande notions of witchcraft. In their culture, I accepted them. In a kind
of way, I believed them." In the documentary Sir Edward Evans–Pritchard: Strange Beliefs, the
research of British social anthropologist E.E. Evans–Pritchard on the Zande tribe of central Africa
and the Nuer tribe of Sudan is highlighted. As a good anthropologist should, Evans–Pritchard
immersed himself in his fieldwork and attempted to look at foreign cultural values from the
perspective of the culture he was observing.
While ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is deeply democratic and is easily roused to violence. His turbulent spirit finds any restraint
irksome and no man recognizes a superior". This cultural attitude towards independence has led the
Nuer to function without a real system of governance. While there are "chiefs" in Nuer society, the
role of chief tends to be limited to that of a mediator.
The findings of E.E. Evans–Pritchard serve as an example of the importance of ethnographic
fieldwork and cultural relativism. People have an inherent tendency to drift towards ethnocentrism if
they do not keep an open mind about the legitimacy of foreign cultural ideas. Enculturalization
occurs from the very beginning of one's life. When one grows up in a culture that praises traits that
are deemed as beneficial and discourages behaviors that are seen as harmful, one tends to develop
similar beliefs on these traits and behaviors. Different cultures encourage different outlooks on
society. This is the result of the environment a culture exists in. In many tribal societies, one of the
primary influences on culture is the physical environment. However, in technologically–advanced
societies that worry less about satisfying needs and more about fulfilling desires, social aspects are
perhaps more significant. For example, note the difference between American and Japanese culture.
American culture promotes individualism and free speech. Many Americans tote the Constitution
and the Bill of Rights
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57.
58. Marcia Langton's Study of the Aborigines of Australia
Dr. Marcia Langton, an anthropologist from Australia of Australian Aborigines descent, spoke at the
Berndt's lecture in 2011. Her article, Anthropology, Politics and the Changing World of Aboriginal
Australians, focuses primarily on the works of an anthropologist couple Robert and Catherine
Berndt. They had completed many ethnographic studies in various areas around Australia. Langton
states that their work has been crucial in order to have a complete understanding of the Australian
Aborigines' society. The indigenous Australian's society has been thoroughly researched by many
social sciences through the decades. Artworks, religion, rituals, economy, politics, and even claims
of UFO sightings have been recorded by a multitude of scholars. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I am not sure why this has become such an issue for Australian anthropologists and other
anthropologists studying them. E. E Evans–Pritchard, anthropologist, ethnographer and author of
Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic Among the Azande, was not of the Azande culture, yet his work has
been monumental for modern ethnographers. Langton herself attempts to immediately put this myth
to rest in the first paragraph of her lecture, "There is a simplistic view that because I am Aboriginal,
being a descendant of the Yiman people in Central Queensland, I would have a better understanding
of Aboriginal societies than, say, the Berndts did. This is not the case, as I shall explain" (Langton
2011: 1–2). Langton goes on to express her perspective about why it is incorrect to believe that just
because someone is of a specific culture, they are not experts in their society. For example, I am of
Cherokee descent but I am certainly no expert on the Cherokee Nation. In another article by
Langton's predecessor, R.M. Berndt, entitled Die Religionen der Sudsee und Australiens by H.
Nevermann; E. A. Worms; H. Petri, for which Berndt reviewed, he pointed out a lot of misconstrued
information. Berndt states the Professor Petri, one of the authors, does not credit the Australian
Aborigines enough. For example, E.A Worms, another author of the article,
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59.
60. The Witch Craze : Factors And Advancements Of The Witch In...
The Witch Craze Witchcraft in the 1400s going on to the 1700s gained massive popularity due to
subsequent factors. Some of these factors included hallucinogens contained in the "oyl" women used
to anoint themselves, manipulating the hysteria and using it as a form of social control to make
people conform to the norms of the society and lastly, using it to explain misfortunes that afflicted
the people of the community and the neighboring ones. Firstly, a witch had confessed that before
going off on their meetings, they (the witches) anoint themselves with a special oyl that was brought
to them by a spirit and that it assisted them on their journey with the devil to Sabbat; a place filled
with merriment where their desires were being fulfilled. This ointment was said to help in the
transportation of their soul and or body to the said destination. The oyl is rubbed on their staffs,
broomstick or under their armpits and other hairy parts of their body. What was unknown to them
was that the ointment contained hallucinogenic active agents from plants like mandrake, henbane,
and belladonna (also referred to as deadly nightshade). From these plants, the active hallucinogenic
agent, atropine can be found in them and according to Marvin Harris, "atropine is...absorbable
through the intact skin." Under the influence of this hallucinogen, the users of the ointment claimed
to see several people with them making merry in the Sabbat and fulfilling their utmost desires of
sexual lust and
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61.
62. Essay about Witchcraft, Magic and Rationality
Witchcraft, Magic and Rationality Social Anthropology seeks to gauge an understanding of cultures
and practices whether they are foreign or native. This is achieved through the studying of language,
education, customs, marriage, kinship, hierarchy and of course belief and value systems. Rationality
is a key concept in this process as it affects the anthropologist's interpretation of the studied group's
way of life: what s/he deems as rational or plausible practice. Witchcraft and magic pose problems
for many anthropologists, as its supernatural nature is perhaps conflicting to the common Western
notions of rationality, mainly deemed superior. In this essay I will be exploring the relationship
between rationality and witchcraft and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Yorubas chanting to the god Shango is no different to the congregation of a church singing
hymns. Both are with good intentions, and both may ask for some divine intervention. Labelling one
form magic and one religion is just semantics.
To question whether it is rational to believe in witchcraft and magic is in fact just a question as to
whether the belief in supernatural intervention is rational. Is it irrational to believe in things that we
cannot prove in a rational manner? At this point I would say 'Yes'. It is illogical to believe in things
that cannot be proven. Proof must be a condition for belief or we could believe almost anything to
exist, for example flying pigs. It is evidence that makes belief different from faith, which is having
trust in things that often appear to have no substantiation. However to use rationality as a
determining factor of proof, and therefore belief, means that it must be a flawless concept within
itself. But is this so?
If we decide that it is irrational to believe in things that cannot be proven then we are at the same
time saying that it is only rational to believe in things that can be proven. However there are many
things that evade the boundaries of Western science, for example emotions. Can we prove love
exists? It is something invisible, intangible and there is no objective proof for this emotion; no way
to scientifically monitor
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63.
64. Whey Hey Marketing Opportunity Analysis Essay example
Table of Contents
1.0 Country Analysis 4
1.1 Hofstede Cultural Dimensions 4
1.2 PEST Analysis 4
i. Political 4 ii. Economic 4 iii. Social 5 iv. Technological 5
2.0 Industry Analysis 5
2.1 Porter´s Five Forces Analysis 5
i. Threat of new entrants 6 ii. Threat of substitute products 6 iii. Bargaining Power of Buyer's 7 iv.
Bargaining Power of Suppliers 7
2.2 Competitive Analysis 8
3.0 Company Analysis 9
3.1 WheyHey Analysis 9
3.2 SWOT Analysis 10
4.0 Key Issues Entering market 11
4.1 Segmentation 11
4.2 Major Target market 12
4.3 Potential customers 13
4.4 Positioning 13
4.5 Differentiation strategies 14
5.0 Marketing Objectives and Communication Objectives 14
6.0 Marketing Mix 15
6.1 Product 15
6.2 Pricing 16
6.3 Place 18
6.4 Promotion 19 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
is directly related with the area of each country. (See Appendix B) iii. Social Social factors of both
countries includes health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution and cultural
aspects. Health consciousness is a key factor for Whey Hey product due its nature. Germany is
located in the 12th place on the top 30 markets with rising health concerns, being the second
European country to appear on the ranking, just after United Kingdom in the 9th place
(EuromonitorInternational, 2012). Age structure is very similar between Germany and United
Kingdom, hence the behaviour of the selected demographic segmentation will be similar to its home
country. (See Appendix B). Based on Hofstede's cultural index is appreciated that the similarities
between British and German culture is high. iv. Technological
Technological infrastructure in Germany is considered as developed. Since Internet will be
65. considered as a key tool for must businesses nowadays, considering the fact that from a population
of 80,996,685 million people, 65.125 million have access to Internet and are considered as active
users. (See Appendix B)
2.0 Industry Analysis 2.1 Porter´s Five Forces Analysis The attractiveness of the Ice Cream Industry
will be evaluated with Porter's five forces analysis (Kotabe and Helsen, 2010).
i. Threat of new entrants According to a recent market research of Canadean firm, Germany
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