Ethnic Diversity in South Sudan

Ethnic Groups Of South Sudan
INTRODUCTION Sudan takes on the meaning of "Land of Blacks" (Sudan, n.p.g ¶4) and is located
in east central Africa. South Sudan which borders with five other African nations; Central African
Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia (see figure 1). South Sudan has
an estimated population of 11.5 million people but is considered a relatively poor nation with over
90% of the Sudanese people living on less than $1 a day (Aljazeera, 2011). South Sudan has many
ethnic groups with the two main ethnic groups known as the Dinka (majority 38.5%) and the Nuer
(minority 15.6%) with approximately 40 other different ethnic groups. Moreover, due to ongoing
conflicts according to a recent report (30 May 2014) from the United Nations an estimated 1 million
Sudanese citizens are currently internally displaced and a further 360 thousand, who have fled to
neighboring states (Carto Mission, 2014 ¶2–3). South Sudan is currently a state that is considered to
be one of the most vulnerable countries in the world failing to provide basis responsibilities of a
sovereign state due in large to the erosion of legitimate authority, ethnic conflicts and power control
of the country's wealth (International Business Times & Mahapatra, 2013). This report will briefly
explain the background to Sudan conflicts. This report will also identify and discuss the main
causes. Moreover, the report will also examine the conflicts to include an interdisciplinary approach
of
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Identification of Ethnic Groups in Malaysia
Multiracial is a unique feature in Malaysian society. Identification of each of the ethnic groups in
Malaysia, in line with their cultural and religious identity. Malay Muslims are the majority, followed
by Chinese, Buddhist, Confucian and Taoism and followed the Indians are Hindus. Christianity also
between religions in Malaysia. Religious differences contributed to the complexity and inter–ethnic
conflict. In Malaysia, the level of social interaction in a pluralistic society is minimal. Residential
isolation and different working environments also help to create a huge gap between ethnic groups.
For that reason, many conflicts arise before and after the Independence Day of Malaysia The
situation is predicted to get worse if there is no attempt to reduce the gap between ethnic groups.
Among the steps that can be taken to resolve this conflict is the discussion of inter–ethnic dialogue.
Through dialogue, discontent and stress among people or ethnic group can be minimized. Therefore,
this paper attempts to discuss the formation of a plural society in Malaysia, with the level of inter–
ethnic look. This paper proposes the solution through dialogue approach. This solution can be used
in the Malaysian society to develop a more harmonious relationship between the races.
2.0 The society in Malaysia
Malaysia consists of two parts: Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah and Sarawak, which are located
along the northern rim of the island of Borneo. Based on

Ethnicity And Its Impact On Development Essay
Ethnicity has always been seen as a factor that helped bring people in a certain community together.
In earlier years, ethnicity was nothing more than just identity that people were proud of. However
times have changed and the silver lining that was in ethnicity has begun to fade and in some areas, it
has completed ceased to exist. Today, ethnic ambitions have continuously replaced the patriotism of
people to a nation further dividing their loyalties to their nation (Manyasa, 2005:69). Tribal
orientations and ethnic labels have taken over in most of African states. In such cases, a person is
first loyal to their ethnic group and then second comes the nation. This is a scenario that has been
seen to impact on development. That is to say, both negative and positive ethnicity has an effect on
development. Unfortunately, negative ethnicity tends to be more pronounced. As it is well known,
development is a multi–faceted process that can be hampered by several factors.
Development in any society is meant to positively impact the lives of the people through advancing
in terms of social and economic status. Ideally development brings about opportunities for the
people but when these opportunities are hindered due to the fact that one belongs to a certain ethnic
group, then development is blocked. Existence of various ethnic groups in a country does not
necessarily mean conflicts, but when competition among these groups arises, then conflict is
inevitable (Alemayehu, 2009). In

Ethnic Groups in Pakistan
Since its birth, Pakistan has been home to various multi–ethnic societies and groups in all its
provinces. The activities of these groups have had varying impact on the political history of
Pakistan. This paper analyses the impact of the Sindhi ethnic society (also known as the "Jeeya
Sindh movement") on the political history of Pakistan during the 1970s. I then provide a critique of
the government's response to the demands of these movements and then suggest my opinion as to
how the government should have reacted so as to have a better outcome.
At the creation of Pakistan, a large number Mohajirs migrated from India and settled in to Sindh.
From 1947 to 1951 nearly 1 million Mohajirs settled into Sindh (Rais, Rasul Buksh). They had also
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Singh. Sukhbir ). Once these ethnic movements took shape, it took very less time for them to
transform into political parties. This had to different outcomes, groups with similar interests joined
together to become stronger parties. During this process they also learned to co operate with each
other and settle differences within themselves. The other outcome of formation of groups was that
due to difference in interests of different groups, political parties could not work together hence the
country landed into inconsistent leadership. There was also alienation due to large majority of one
community. Above all these differences in parties lead to unequal development for different groups
in fields of government jobs, education and urbanization.
The states response to the Sindhi nationalist movement has been mixed. Z.A Bhutto's introduction of
the quota system to safeguard the interests of the Sindhis in my opinion was biased as it aggravated
intra–provincial ethnic divides in Pakistan. In my opinion, the government shouldn't have imposed a
quota, it instead should have aided the Sindhis in forms of educational institutions and training so
that they could compete with the Mohajirs in a fair manner. As the competition would have been
fair, it would have been unlikely for the Mohajirs to start a movement of their own.
Another main mistake by Z.A Bhutto was the introduction of Urdu as the official language in NWFP
and Balochistan after sharing power with the

Ethnic Diversity : The Melting Pot
American history began with waves of immigrants, bringing their own cultures and traditions to a
blossoming new country. America has become known as the "Melting Pot", this metaphor though is
giving way to new emerging names such as, "Salad Bowl", and "Mosaic". Different cultures mixed
together, similar to those of ingredients, each having individual characteristics. Ethnic diversity is
rampant throughout today's society, involving diverse individuals who share a common and
distinctive culture, religion, and language. Many may not notice how these various ethnic groups
impact todays society. By narrowing our perspective, we can see how society is influenced by ethnic
diversity by the foods we eat, the way we dance, and the way we communicate with one another.
What does the average American, no matter their race or ethnicity, see when they walk through the
grocery market? Low and behold, grocery aisles stocked with items such as chili, tortillas, beans,
and queso cheese. Recent polls suggest that nearly a quarter of the U.S population is Hispanic. It
would be irrational to think that ethnic diversity has not impacted society's food choices when 17
percent of the population consists of Hispanics. We may not acknowledge the growing trend of both
Hispanic and Mexican cuisine since we have become so accustom to it. Nonetheless the expanding
number of Taco Bells and Chipotle restaurants in the United States has flourished and influenced
society's food choices.
Along with the

A Classroom Environment Of Other Ethnic Groups
As educators what pluralistic perspective do we use to motivate and encourage our students to learn
in a classroom environment of other ethnic groups? Every teacher has a different teaching style.
Identifying the best model of excellence in a pluralistic curriculum will increase good results in
student achievement.
Building Cultural Connections:
Recognize Customs, Culture, and Religion
Knowing and learning other cultural practices
Knowing and understanding the differences and similarities of beliefs
Barbara T. Bowman, Vice President of Academic Programs at the Erikson
Institute in Chicago, Illinois, expresses the challenge in this manner. "One of the most serious and
explosive issues in the United States today is how to meet the educational needs of culturally and
linguistically diverse students? If current trends in educational achievement continue, millions of
students (primarily poor, African American, Asian, Native American, and Hispanic) will not obtain
the education necessary for full participation in the economic and civic life of the country.
Furthermore, the inequality that results from differences in educational achievement of children is
likely to make the social stability of the United States increasingly doubtful."
How do all ethnic and racial groups in the United States relate to one another? Assimilation is a
process in which formerly distinct and separate groups come to share a common culture and merge
together socially. As a society undergoes

Persuasive Essay About Hispanic Ethnic Groups
There is a massive amount of ethnicities in this world. You have ethnic groups that are not
necessarily related to where you came from but what group you identify yourself with. As a
descendant who speaks the Spanish language we are categorized as being part of the Hispanic ethnic
group. My father having twelve siblings and my mother having nine, it was a huge family. Our
grandparents and parents inculcated us to be a united family with all the values and beliefs they
initiated. Every ethnic group is similar but different in its own unique way. In which some have
music, food and believes that characterize us as that specific ethnic group. The only difference is the
way people embrace it. We also have many different types of celebrations ... Show more content on
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Women are only allowed to do what their husbands command. If they need to go somewhere they
have to ask for permission before hand. Many Hispanic men are called male chauvinist. A male
chauvinist is a male who patronizes, disparages, or otherwise denigrates females in the belief that
they are inferior to males and deserving of less than equal treatment or benefit ("the definition of
male chauvinist", 2017). They believe that they have rights to do anything they desire including
having affairs. If the women would commit the same mistakes it would be called adultery. Women
that come to this country married stay with their original beliefs because that is what they were
inculcated growing up. I have to understand that it is there believe but is one of the things I feel
ashamed about. We also value our family because without them we would be lonely and miserable
in a country where we do not know anyone and is very hard for us to communicate with others for
the same reason that some Hispanics only speak Spanish. While growing up I remember spending
Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Years with all of my aunts and uncles. Everyone would get
together and spend the most important holidays to remind ourselves that we were not alone, that we
had family we could count on. Being part of the Hispanic ethnic group we can also relate to the
catholic religion. We

Racial and Ethnic Groups
Michelle Winner
ETH 125
October 23, 2010
NIKIYA SPENCE
There are three sociological perspectives of race and ethnicity which are functionalist, conflict, and
labeling perspectives. The first one I will discuss is the functionalist perspective. The functionalist
perspective emphasizes how the parts of society are structured to maintain its stability. As also
described in the reading the functionalist approach is an approach, if an aspect of social life does not
contribute to a society's stability or survival, it will not be passed on from one generation to the next.
The functionalist perspective thinks that racial hostility is hard to be admired but the functionalist
would point ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As described it was the movement of 2 million African American out of the Southern United States
to the Midwest, Northeast, and West from 1910 to 1930. They migrated to escape racism and seek
employment opportunities in industrial cities.
When the Emancipation Proclamation was signed in 1863 less than eight percent of the African
American population lived in the northeastern or Midwestern U.S. As described, "Between 1910 and
1930, the African American population grew by about 40% in Northern states, mostly in the major
cities. Cities such as Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Cleveland had some of the biggest increases
in the early part of the century. Because changes were concentrated in cities, urban tensions rose as
African Americans and new or recent European immigrants, both groups chiefly from rural
societies, competed for jobs and housing with the white ethnic working class. Tensions were often
most severe between ethnic Irish, defending their positions, and recent immigrants and blacks."
"African Americans moved as individuals or small family groups. There was no government
assistance, but often northern industries, such as the railroads, meatpacking and stockyards,
recruited people. The primary factor for migration was the racial climate and widespread violence of
lynching in the South. In the North, they could find better schools and adult men could vote (joined
by women after 1920). Burgeoning industries meant there were job

The And Ethnic Groups Of Nigeria
Final Paper
Nigeria
Tara Domino–Robinson
SOC 308 Racial & Ethnic Groups
Professor Staccy Lampkin
March 22, 2015
Nigeria
For my final project, I chose to research (Africa) Nigeria. "Nigeria, Africa 's most populous country,
is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential are:
Hausa and the Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, and
Tiv 2.5%. British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa 's most
populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted
Nigeria greater autonomy. After independence in 1960, politics were marked by coups and mostly
military rule, until the death of a military head of state in 1998 allowed for a political transition"
(CIA, 2012).
Nigeria's culture reflects and represents all of the multiple ethnic groups. In Nigeria there are over
521 languages and over 250 ethnic groups and dialects. Out of all the groups, there are four really
large groups. The four groups are "Hausa and Fulani predominant from the north, Igbo predominant
from the southeast and Yoruba predominant from the southwest" (en.wikipedia.org). Nigeria, a
country where they did not practice a particular religion. They believe in a God called Chineke or
Chukwu. This God was said that the creator was approached through many different deities and
spirits from objects, nature or people.
The increase of security of lives and property is

Hispanic And Hispanic Ethnic Groups
When looking at the Hispanic/Latino ethnic groups some may think they are all from the same
country because of their culture, and the fact that many speak Spanish. However, this is not the case,
and when looking at the unique features associated with each ethnic group, it is easy to see the
differences between them. All of the Latino/Hispanic ethnic groups have differences and this can
even be heard in the dialect used to speak Spanish, such as the case when listening to Puerto Ricans
and Mexicans speaking Spanish. In an effort to have a better understanding of elder Mexicans, this
paper will look at the Mexican sub–culture, and the features associated with the family dynamics,
gender roles, acculturation patters, as well as religious contemporary issues such as taking care of an
elder family member. We will examine ways to engage, assess, discuss ways of intervention, and
review ways to ensure that effective evaluations are completed.
Demographics
With Hispanics quickly becoming the largest growing population in the United States, it is easy to
see why there is a need for social workers to understand the needs of this population. In fact,
focusing on this population as a whole is a relatively new concentration in regards to social work, so
understanding the elder population is even more unknown. Similar to their Caucasian and African
American peers, Mexican elders have a number of factors that are unique to their culture, and must
be understood when looking at ways

Culture Shock Is Real, Ethnic Or Age Group
Culture can be defined as the characteristics of a particular social, ethnic or age group. Every
country in the world has it's own culture and beliefs that holds the nation together. Sociologists
define society as the people who interact in such a way as to share a common culture. The cultural
bond may be ethnic or racial, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities.
Culture is an organized system because it ties many parts together that are interconnected to all
function as one but almost every nation. The United States and Nigeria are no exceptions to having
in a culture, however, the people in these countries sometimes base their knowledge of each other
solely on what is shown in the media. Culture shock is real and this essay covers some of Nigeria's
belief as a country, how I made assumptions about America based on what I saw on television, and
the differences between these two unique countries.
The United States media especially portrays Africa as a country instead of a continent, they show
malnourished children on television begging for food to eat and water to drink. This image gives
everyone who is watching a false sense of how great Africa is. Robert Moore's article "racism in the
English Language" explains that often using words like "natives" to describe Africans can be
degrading and offensive. Africa is the second largest continent that is made up of 54 unique
countries, each having their own states and capitals. Even though there might be

Ethnic Unbonding in South Africa
Manuel Castells notion of 'ethnic unbonding' refers to: the gradual withdrawal certain African–
Americans are undergoing, so that they no longer are a member of their initial ethnic group. 'Ethnic
unbonding' is a process where individuals remove themselves from their ethnic groups, because they
are either ashamed or humiliated to be associated as part of a stigmatized ethnic identity.
"So, race matters a lot. But, at the same time, the class divide among blacks has created such
fundamentally different living conditions that there is growing hostility among the poor against
those former brothers that left them out. Most middle–class blacks strive to get ahead not only from
the reality of the ghetto, but from the stigma that echoes from the ... Show more content on
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A similar concept of primary local and secondary ancestral identity is prevalent among people of
Indian descent. The Bantu–speaking black peoples have long regarded themselves as South African
despite the attempts of the white authorities to classify them as less than full citizens or as citizens of
ethnic homelands ("Bantustans") between 1959 and 1991. Strong cultural loyalties to African
languages and local political structures such as the kingdom and the chieftaincy remain an important
component of identity. National identity comes first for all black people, but belonging to an ethnic,
linguistic, and regional grouping and even to an ancestral clan has an important secondary status.
(http://www.everyculture.com/Sa–Th/South–Africa.html).
As a result of years of racial separation and discrimination, the majority of South African citizens of
which are black, have been severely ill–treated based on the colour of their skin. "A race is a
population that shares visible physical characteristics from inbreeding and that thinks of itself or is
thought of by outsiders as distinct. It has been used by societies to justify poor treatment of minority
groups" ( http://www.sociologyguide.com/questions/ethnicity.php). For decades black people have
been slandered and stereotyped by the white superior citizens, to be uncultured individuals. White
people were entirely prejudiced against the black people.

Latino And Hispanic Ethnic Group
Latino/Hispanic Ethnic Group The Latino/Hispanic group is the only ethnic category to be counted
separately by the United States Census. This population is large and continues to grow at a fast pace
in our society. Therefore, it is important to recognize and accept the history of the Latino and
Hispanic population. It is equally important to acknowledge and include the distinctive subgroups
belonging to this large group of people.
The United States Census/ Distinctive Subgroups For the first time in the United States, an official
attempt to estimate the size of the Hispanic population was made in 1970 and resulted in a
questionnaire being created and distributed to 5% of the Hispanic population. However, in 1990, the
Census Bureau offered Hispanics the opportunity to be more detailed regarding their identity by
asking specific questions regarding classification. For example, those surveyed were given the
opportunity to classify themselves in various racial and ethnic categories such as Cuban, Mexican,
or Puerto Rican. Because this category is extremely broad, the survey also provided an area for
individuals to include distinctive subgroups, which include but are not limited to Dominicans,
Hondurans, Peruvians, Ecuadorians, and Panamanians (United States Census Bureau, 2014).
How Slaves and Freemen Became Part of the Latino Population People from Africa, both slaves and
freemen became part of the Latino population in Central and South America as well as

Deaf Ethnic Groups
In the article should the Deaf Be Considered an Ethnic Group? By Susan Seligson the author
examines the attitudes towards the deaf community and their classification in society. The author
claims that the deaf community has major hurdles to over come to become a ethnic group including
the medical industries affection toward technology like cochlear implants which are usually
implanted into infants who may have hearing difficulties with doctors medical advice. Seligson
maintains the belief in which these implants are actually harmful to children because they can only
marginally hear which effects the socialization of the child because the child has to try to hear with
these implants opposed to learning ASL and being a part of a community. The ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Pillard also states that a major issue with making deaf people a ethnic group is the rise for
technology in the medical field the advancement of implants helps children hear on a 24 channel
tonal platform which can differentiate the persons voice register for the user Pillard believes that
doctors are pushing these on the parents of these patients for profit with only one side of the story.
He states that the implants are dangerous for the users because they only work so well with the users
when the user has to concentrate on what person is say this puts a unnecessary barrier for the user if
the person can not socialize with these implants which is more of a disability someone who is fully
deaf but can communicate through sign and participate in their surroundings or is the person with
the implant who has to multi–task between to societies there is this constant force of inertia towards
one part of

Immigration Paper : An Ethnic Group
Immigration Paper
I decided for my immigration paper would be an ethnic group that has many similar qualities and
different qualities as American people do. I have love to learn about different ethnic groups around
the world to see how different they are then us Americans are. I picked Italian Americans, they were
a group of people, that they call them immigrants came here to have a better life for their families to
make sure they were able to get the opportunity to have a chance to a better life for their families as
well as themselves.
Italy mothology traces back to the founding city of Rome of 753 B.C. Romans had taken control
over the Italian peninsula and began to move toward the Mediterranean basin. With political reign
shattered the country, but remained together until the late nineteenth century. Most of the Southern
Italy (Mezzagiomo), is the source of more than 75 percent of immigration to the United States was
impoverished people. The bulk of the people consisted of artisians, petty landowners, and
sharecroppers along with farm laborers. Which many of these people didn't have an education of any
sort? The highest grade level most of these people had accomplished was third grade. With the
impact of unification on the South where America was in favor of the south, the amount of Italian
immigrants soared. These immigrants went from 25 million residents in 1861 to 33 million in 1901
to more than 35 million in 1911, regardless of the immigration already

Racial And Ethnic Group Interactions
Racial and ethnic group interactions occur daily in the world; in Miami, however one can learn from
the interactions between different ethnic and racial groups in a workplace setting. Mr. Elman
adapted his management style of his apparel factory to the needs of his immigrant workers; his style
helped reduce ethnic friction and returned his investment in high production levels and loyalty
(Stepick, 92). Mr. Elman was successful in getting his employees to willingly agree to pay a cut,
which exemplifies how much clout Mr. Elman had amongst his workers (Stepick, 93). The previous
success that the factory had under his management would likely not be found again under the
"American" management style, partly because the workers were used to Mr. Elman. Also after more
Haitian workers were hired, the Miami Cubans seemed to create a notion of seniority when
decisions had to be made, but instead of the senior member not working they would opt to work,
leaving the new Haitian workers without work (Stepick, 103). Mr. Elman eventually sold his apparel
factory and new more American managers moved in, these managerial practices took away the
things that lead to a positive work environment and high productivity: personal fans, individual
radios, and hot plates (Stepick, 93). The new American managers admitted their defeat, at least they
learned to adapt to a more Latino based workforce as per one of the plant managers (Stepick, 94).
While I understand the new American management style,

Cultural Differences Between Race And Ethnicity
First, race and ethnicity are defined as different concepts, the first being biological and the second
cultural. The key point to understand both concepts separately are the social labels used by a society,
to classify its members biologically and culturally. While race is based on the popular perception of
people's physical traits, ethnicity separates them by cultural characteristics.
Members of a group share the same language, accent, religion, history, and even national origin.
Most of the time, ethnicity is something that is obtained through learning, under the form and
lifestyle, among others. Although each individual at a given time can seek a new ethnicity, every
individual is born belonging to a particular ethnic group.
Some examples ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ethnic origin, on the other hand, is determined by the social and cultural groups to which it belongs.
One can have more of an ethnic background, but only one race, even if it is mixed. Contrary to
ethnic groups, of which there are thousands or more, there are only a few racial groups.
Another difference between race and ethnicity is related to the ability to identify oneself. A person
cannot choose his race; this is assigned to him based on his physical characteristics. However one
can choose ethnicity. A person can learn a certain language, social norms, and customs, in addition
to assimilating a culture and being part of that ethnic group.
Ethnicity is a requirement of identity on the part of the people since there are identification and
feeling of belonging to an ethnic group but at the same time a feeling of exclusion from other groups
due to this affiliation. The great problem of ethnic differences is that throughout the history of
mankind there have been constant persecutions towards minorities even though there are no physical
differences among the population. As an example, we have the case of the Jews in World War II.
One similarity between race and ethnicity is that both are a social

The City Of Rowland Heights
I consider the city of Rowland Heights an ethnic space within Southern California because it
corresponds with my interpretation of an ethnic space. To elaborate, an ethnic space is an area, such
as a city or town, that has a prominent culture reflecting the prevalent ethnic group within that area.
During my adolescence, I lived in the city of La Puente, which is primarily Hispanic/Latino,
however, as I aged, I began to attend school within Rowland Heights, which is primarily Asian.
Having said that, when I experienced the transition into Rowland Heights, there was an
unfamiliarity of the environment and the cultural ambience of the city came across as exceedingly
prominent. For this reason, I chose to emphasize on the instance of Rowland Heights to exemplify
my description of an ethnic space. Although I lived in La Puente, I transferred into the Rowland
Unified School District (RUSD) after I finished the 5th grade. Thereafter, I attended middle school
and high school in Rowland Heights while living in La Puente. The city of La Puente is largely
Hispanic/Latino, and therefore aligning well with my cultural background. Furthermore, considering
much of my extended family lived within these bounds, and reared within the context of La Puente,
it is apparent that these factors contributed to the centralization of my cultural experiences. For
example, the majority of people in La Puente are Spanish–speakers and due to learning English and
Spanish at home, I was able to understand

Social And Developmental Perspectives Of Psychology
Phinney & Ong's (2007) article discusses both the social and developmental perspectives of
psychology in relation to the various components and measurements that are commonly used to
identify ethnic identity within groups. To aid in their discussion, the researchers start by analyzing
the available studies whose research effectually laid the groundwork for the development of both
theoretical models and applicable assessments concerning individual and group ethnic identification,
such as the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity
Measure – Revised (MEIM–R). The purpose of this research was for the researchers to be able to
draw their own conclusions regarding modern theories of ethnic identity so that ... Show more
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277). However, Phinney & Ong (2007) takes the concept of social identity one step further by
suggesting that a person's ethnic identity is also a form of social identity that develops alongside the
formation of both the ingroup and outgroup mentality. Therefore, individuals who feel strongly
connected to their ethnic group are more likely to identify with and/or behave according to the social
norms and expectations of that group. For example, in studying the differences between the
multicultural theory and the social identity theory, researchers Negy, Shreve, Jensen, & Uden (2003)
discovered a strong correlation between individual levels of ethnic identity and levels of
ethnocentrism in both European Americans and Latino/a Americans. However, there was little to no
correlation found among those who identify themselves as African American. Nevertheless, Phinney
& Ong (2007) conclude that ethnic identity is multifaceted and research designs and methods should
reflect the multidimensional nature of ethnic identity accordingly.
In addition to evaluating ethnic identity from a variety of psychological or behavioral perspectives,
the article also discusses a number theoretical models for defining ethnic identity. As Phinney &
Ong (2007) state, "a clear theoretical model, therefore, is a necessary foundation for all

Apartheid's Laws in South Africa
Ethnic Relations Affected by Apartheid's Laws in South Africa
Patricia Tyler
SOC 308
Tirizia York
October 11, 2010
Ethnic Relations Affected by Apartheid's Laws in South Africa Over the years immigrants have
migrated from their native lands to different countries with the hopes and dreams of benefiting from
the valued resources other developed countries have to offer. Migration occurs mainly for the
purpose to gain better opportunities and life chances. In most cases, depending on an immigrant's
personal characteristics and physical traits being similar to that of the dominant groups the process
of assimilating into society is less difficult; however, for those that are not close in physical traits to
the dominant group have a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Afrikaners created the National Party and this ethnic group of dominantly white politicians
became fearful of the South Africans as numerically they were out– numbered. In order to remain
the dominant group and continue to hold political power, the Dutch Afrikaners created 317
government laws which were related to ethnic segregation and restrictions based upon race. The
purpose for creating the discriminating laws were to maintain the white domination of the society
and laws were designed to acknowledge the rights of the white people but at the same time deny the
rights of those who were non–white. The first order of business for the Nationalist Party was to
separate the population of South Africa according to race, geographic locations, social and political
separation. According to the Library of Congress, apartheid's legislation states that the Population
Registration Act of 1950 in which the organization in charge of the racial classification was
conducted by the Department of Home Affairs, designed to divide the country's population
according to race. The Department of Home Affairs was responsible for recording people by their
racial group and as a result of the group members were treated differently. This law formed the basis
of apartheid and under the legislation terms of the population registration act, "all residents of South
Africa were to be classified as white, colored, or native (later called Bantu)

Ethnocentrism: Out-Groups And Ethnic Groups
Individuals hold an inward approach to the way the view other culture and ethnic groups in the
world based on surrounding influences and experiences. The word used to describe such an
individual is ethnocentrism, which is holding certain attitudes and behavior towards an out–group.
These attitudes and behaviors tend to be biased and are in favor of those of the in–group, which
comes to the expense of the out–group (Hewstone & Ward, 1985). Individuals whom hold
ethnocentric characteristics often are found to hold collective relationships among other ingroup
members, while negatively suppressing the out–group members. With those ideas in mind,
ethnocentrism is viewed as being a negative quality, however ethnocentrism encourages, unanimity,
survival, collaboration, conformity, potency, and allegiance. Supposedly, focusing on the behavior
and effect of diversity, of those holding an cultural and ethnic prejudices the origins of
ethnocentrism can be explained. It has been discovered that diversity fosters distrust towards the
out–group and formation of solidarity within the in–group. Also, negative behaviors originate from
the perspective that a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is the idea that holds ethnocentric characteristics create internal attributions to reinforce the
positive behavior of ingroup members while making external attributions for their negative
behaviors (Taylor & Jaggi, 1974). For instance, to posses the necessary factors to accomplish a task,
an individual of the in–group must perform well on such a task. However, if they perform slightly
poor from well on a task, the fault lies elsewhere and not themselves. Taking into account the
contrary, external attributions are made based on the positive behaviors of members of the out–
group, such as "getting lucky", while internal attributions are formed on the basis for their negative
behaviors (Taylor & Jaggi,

Ethnic Nationalism Source Of Community Of Fear Essay
Ethnic Nationalism Source of Community of Fear
Nationalism, according to the most widely accepted definitions of, is the doctrine that the state and
the nation should be congruent. However, there is much more to add to the definition of nationalism
today in connection to the ethnic and civil society. The definition of nationalism depends on its
context. The typology of nationalism defines its strength and/or weakness of the relationship among
the community in which it's defined. While civil nationalism accepts people for who they are in the
unique condition that they accept the country's constitution, ethnic nationalism goes beyond and
requires that the community should share a common culture which can be raced, ethnic group,
language or religion. There are many explanations in resonating for why ethnic nationalism is an
exclusive "National project" (according to Igatieff). Despite the urgency of this issue, Scholars have
until recently not addressed the question of accommodation of communities regarding ethnic
nationalism. This argument will contribute to this discussion, by looking at the link between
conflicts and ethnic nationalism. The points presented in this argumentation will highlight the
weaknesses of ethnic nationalism in modern states. The argument will articulate these weaknesses
by first looking at the genealogical roots and the modernist origin of ethnic nationalism. Then it will
sketch the relationship between mass media, narcissism, intolerance and the

Amish Ethnic Groups
1. I chose the Amish ethnic group 2. Pennsylvania, PA United States 3. Population: 74,250 in 2017
Some food that the Amish people eat are homemade cornmeal, eggs, cooked cereals,fruits and
juices.
All amish harvest their food whether it is a vegetable or an animal. Sometimes the Amish people eat
bologna, cheese, soup or fruit for a lighter meal rather than the foods listed above.
The Amish spend their days doing manual labor and are not concerned about the fat in their diets.
Amish men wear dark suits with trousers that have buttons rather than zippers. The men always
wear suspenders as belts are not allowed. The men and boys wear straw hats and white shirts.
Amish women do not wear jewelry. Their entire wardrobe consists of only four dresses. Women do
not wear shoes in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They depend on propane or natural gas for lighting and refrigeration. They have very large family
rooms and the floors and walls are covered in linoleum. They have large basements where they store
food and vegetables. They often live in their basements during warm Summer months to keep cool.
The Amish are skilled carpenters and they build beautiful wooden houses and barns.
Amish people speak both German and English. They generally write in English and they may
include some German words as well. The elders speak Pennsylvania German amongst themselves
and speak in English when doing business with non– Amish people. Some Amish people living in
Indiana speak a Swiss Amish dialect which other Amish may find difficult to understand. Amish
bibles are written in High German, a language that is spoken in the central and southern highlands of
Germany, Austria and

Ethnic Groups In The United States
In accordance to the functional theory of stratification developed by Kinsley Davis and Wilber
Moore, Individuals are naturally stratified. Therefore, a society of equal reward and status for all
individuals is impossible (1945). It is further argued that human societies reflect those of beehives,
concentrated around central leadership with complex relationships and many different layers of
status and power. Though some may agree with this statement, this essay will argue that when an
ethnic group is repeatedly and unjustifiably oppressed throughout history, their chances for
development and progress as a group and as individuals become limited. Inequality and unwarranted
treatment of individuals due to their ethnic belonging and cultural differences ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
According to which immigrants and their descendants were discouraged from maintaining close ties
with their countries and cultures of origin and instead were encouraged to assimilate into the
American way of life. However, on the other side of the borders, here in Canada, we are not doing
much better than our Americans neighbors. Although our laws do not specifically target black
members of the community, they are racialized and focus on the indigenous people of Canada.
Nearly one third of federal prisoners are Aboriginals, while they consist of only three percent of the
total population in Canada (Sudbury 2004b). In some provinces like Saskatoon a whopping 76% of
prisoners are compiled by our indigenous population (Cuthand 2000). This is a shocking number,
and a complete un–proportionate representation of this group in

The Conflict of the Ethnic Groups
Ethnic groups' conflict
Pastoralist Community Initiative And Development Assistance (PACIDA )highlights the insecurity
as a consequence of race for the limited water and pasture in Marsabit area of Kenya (East Africa).
Their report of the situation in Marsabit in 2009 indicated that within Marsabit, "security has been a
major problem. Over the past months in the cause of the year, series of cattle rustling and loss of
human lives was quiet frequent, especially in Marsabit. Over range of four month 10 human lives
claimed in the process of raid between the Borans and the Samburus. In fact this has been long
outstanding conflict in the District." This indicates that some of the conflicts are well organized
banditry executions. The different communities organize themselves to go raid others homesteads,
particularly from another ethnic group and get livestock. This occurs majorly during the driest times
when livestock die in large numbers. To restock their herds, the different communities go for raids in
the other communities. The office of the prime minister of Kenya adds that, "Security remained
precarious for several areas in larger Marsabit district. Incidences of armed conflicts were reported
along Loiyangalani and North Horr Divisions and along Marsabit and Laisamais district border."
These are regions within the Marsabit District and region.
The frequency of cattle rustling between the Samburu and Isiolo communities in particular raises a
lot of concern. In these

A Long History Of Unequal Treatment Among Ethnic Minority...
Introduction
In the United States, there is a long history of unequal treatment among ethnic minority groups,
particularly for African Americans. Unfortunately, this injustice also appears in education.
Sociologists have affirmed the importance of education in shaping the economic and social
prospects of individuals. As all communities in the United States have been diversified, it becomes
crucial to recognize and properly deal with diversity within the classroom. All studnets should be
guaranteed to have equal opportunities for quality education at school. However, racism is still
prevalent in many schools today (Beswick, 4, 1990, Pennino, 2007). Racism now has different
forms, like the individual instructions student can get from their teachers, and the acceptance of
students among their classmates. These can have negative and lasting effects on students even when
they leave school. Students must not experience any type of stereotyping, ethnic prejudice or racial
violence in schools. Asante (2003) said: "Racism in education can not be overcome by the
expression of goodwill, it must be constantly confronted in all conscious ways" (p.223).
For some poor African American students, education is usually the last existing method by which
they can improve their family life level and escape from a long history of poverty. Therefore,
whether the education system will provide a fair environment for them, or more specifically,
whether their teacher will have prejudice among them and

Ethnic Groups In America Summary
The book highlights the challenges faced by different ethnic groups living in America. The
American society is comprised of different ethnic groups who were all immigrants to America at
some point in time history. The diverse ethnic groups that arrived on American shores since its
history define who America is made up of. The Americans of European immigrants cannot trace
their origins back to Europe. The Africans brought to America as slaves have since integrated and
became part of the American society.
According to Takaki, America has a new–emerging demographic diversity. This is because of
immigration of different cultures forming the new part of society. The dramatic change in America's
ethnicity influences the way Americans think about

Aditive Approach
The United States is full of different ethnicities and races with different cultures and are accustomed
to a variety of different behaviors and ways of learning. It is essential that the curriculum within the
Nation's schools, colleges, and universities are reflected to the ethnic, cultural, and racial diversity
within the United States. Schools, colleges and universities are using various approaches to inspire
ethnic content into the curriculum, including the contributions, additive, transformation, and social
action approaches. To respond adequately to the ethnic realities with the nation and the world, the
curriculum should be transformed and should help students to develop decision making and social
action skills. According to the book ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Major goals of instruction in this approach are to educate students for social criticism and social
change and to teach them decision–making skills. For example, promoting human rights and peace
at schools and working to ensure that the schools building and activities do not harm the
environment. To empower students and help them obtain political efficacy, the school must help
them become reflective social critics and skilled participants in social change (Banks 1989). The
traditional goal of school has been to socialize students so they would accept unquestioningly the
existing ideologies, institutions, and practices within society and the nation–state.
I believe that each approach stated by James Banks is important in its own way and do not over
power one another. The four approaches to the integration of ethnic content into the curriculum I
described above are often mixed and blended in actual teaching situations. An important goal that all
of these approaches share are teaching about racial, cultural, and ethnic diversity which should be to
empower students with knowledge, skills, and attitudes they need to participate in civil action that
will help transform our world and enhance the possibility for human

Ethnic Groups In Southwest Asia
An ethnic group is a group of people who share a common culture. Groups can have a shared
history, common ancestry, religion, language, traditions, and beliefs. These things make up a
common culture that is shared by members of an ethnic group.
Arabs make up most of the population of Southwest Asia, Arabs also live in the United States,
Canada, and in parts of Africa and Europe. In Southwest Asia, Arabs believe themselves to be
descendants of Abraham. Arabs make up the majority of people who live in the Middle East.
Majority of Arabs practice Islam, but not all Arabs are Muslim and not all Muslims are Arabs. All
Arabs speak Arabic. Arabs make up a common ethnic group because they all have similar cultural
traits.
The Kurds are another

Cultural Background Assignment
1. What is your cultural background?
I was raised in a home that was Baptist, but we did not attend church every week. I did attend
church by myself from the third grade through the ninth grade. We lived in an upper–middle class
neighborhood that was almost 100% white. My aunts and uncles, as well as my grandparents, lived
close by so we visited frequently.
2. Do you identify with a particular ethnic group?
I identify myself as white, non–Hispanic. 3. Select an ethnic group you come the closest to
identifying with, and describe the group's customary behaviors regarding each of the following:
a. Role the father, mother, children, and other extended family members.
As I was raised in a completely white environment I look back and only ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When I was 12 my grandfather died of cancer. I knew he was sick and was dying but we never
discussed it. I was able to see my grandfather before he died and was able to attend his funeral. Two
years later my grandmother died suddenly and we were able to attend his funeral. I vaguely
remember attending a couple other funerals but I was really too young to understand what exactly
was going on.
4. How do you feel about your ethnic identity? What are the strengths and weaknesses you perceive
in your ethnic group?
I am very lucky in that I grew up in a household that ethnicity was never discussed. I always
believed (as my parents did) that everyone was equal. I think this was definitely a strength in that I
never looked down on anyone. I can say the only weakness that my ethnic group would have is
those that do look down upon other ethnic groups. I did not witness this from anyone (that I
remember) until I was an adult.
5. What ethnic groups lived in your home environment when you were growing up? How did your
family relate to families of other ethnic groups (consider attitudes, experiences, power relationship;
i.e., was one dependent on, or subordinate to,

Ethnic Groups Ww1
Western stated that, "The brutal ethnic cleansing carried out during the war was never completed,
and many villages still contain pockets of minority ethnic groups." Since the ethnic cleansing was
never finished, the Muslims that still existed and became a minority ethnic group. They could not be
mixed into the population to create a diverse society unless the government passed laws allowing
them to be or if the superior ethnic groups accepted them into their society. The violence used
during the war destroyed the hopes for making Bosnia diverse. As verified by Black, "Although
Bosnian Serbs, Bosnian Croats, and Bosnian Muslims had been able to live together for decades, the
bloodshed of the 1990s nearly destroyed hopes for a multiethnic Bosnia." ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Bosnia was still trying to create a multiethnic state, but the political institutions already supported
ethnic partition in the government. As asserted by McMahon and Western, "Although Bosnia
professes to seek the creation of a unified multi ethnic state, its political institutions support ethnic
partition at every level of government." The politicians of Bosnia wanted the government to be
diverse on all levels, but they were still trying to create a diverse society at the same time. Ethnic
partition in the government was also supported by the nationalist parties in Bosnia. As advocated by
Black, "The elections were held without violence, but the results were a victory for the nationalist
parties who wanted to maintain the ethnic partition of the country." The result of the election was a
new three person presidency with each president from a different ethnic group. The nationalist
parties saw this as a victory because they supported ethnic partition in the government. Although
people in Bosnia supported a diverse government, the country was still broken. Dahlman and
Tuathail described that, "Without cooperation from the local authorities to reverse the wartime
property laws, returnees to other areas could not re–establish possession over their

Ethnic Identity and African Americans Essay
Ethnic Identity and African Americans
Ethnic Identity
Ethnic identity is the sum total of group member feelings about those values, symbols, and common
histories that identify them as a distinct group (Smith 1991). Development of ethnic identity is
important because it helps one to come to terms with their ethnic membership as a prominent
reference group and significant part of an individuals overall identity. Ethnic reference group refers
to an individuals psychological relatedness to groups (Smith 1991). These reference groups help
adolescents sense, reflect and see things from the point of their ethnic groups in which they actively
participate or seek to participate.
What is ethnic identity?
The establishment of identity is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He suggests that these families vary dramatically in backgrounds, social economic status, values,
and degree of acculturation to the norms and values of mainstream America (1990). There are also,
significant differences that may exist in preparation of African American adolescent, at the level of
rearing family practices and in schools (1990). That is, schools continue to reflect historical values
that deal with racial–stereotypes and prejudice and beliefs. At the same time there are families trying
to avoid and make light out of such situations. These families and communities continue to show
constancy by instilling their own beliefs and values through child rearing which maybe different
from Caucasian Americas.
Identity and ethnicity as adolescent issues
Identity has been defined in many ways. It is the concept used to describe an individual's sense of
who he or she is (Dashefsky and Shapiro, 1976). Changes in identity occur throughout the life cycle,
however, the changes in identity are usually most notable during adolescence. Integrating a positive
sense of ethnic identity into one's overall personal identity is an important task of late adolescence
(Steinberg, 1996).
Ethnic identity has been defined as the aspect of one's sense of identity concerning ancestry or racial
group membership (Steinberg, 1996). Ethnic identity development is an essential human need
because it provides a sense of belonging and historical continuity.

Racial And Ethnic Scales
2.1. Racial and Ethnic Scales
First, it important to highlight the difference between race and ethnicity. Race commonly refers to
groups of individuals that share similar physical and social characteristic where as ethnical focus
more on national and cultural similarities. For example, someone may identify their race as being
black, but their ethnicity as being African American. Over the past few decades, there have been
multiple scales developed to measures a person racial and/or ethic identity. Due to distinct
characters of different groups studies a review of the literature on racial and ethnic identity shows
that the majority of research on racial identity has focused on African American (black) and
European American (white) samples and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2017). An example of an assimilation question: "I think of myself primarily as an American, and
seldom as a member of an ethnic or racial group" (Worrell et al. 2017). The second construct is
attitudes about miseducation which reflect the extent to which individuals agree with the stereotypes
about their ethnic–racial group. An example of a Miseducation question: "I think many of the
stereotypes about my ethnic/racial group are true." (Worrell et al. 2017). The third construct deals
with self–hatred, which focuses on how much individuals dislike their ethnic–racial group. Example
self–hatred question: "I sometimes have negative feelings about being a member of my ethnic/racial
group" (Worrell et al. 2017). The fourth construct anti–dominant which focuses on the how much
individuals dislike the dominant group in the society. Example of an anti–dominant question: "My
negative feelings toward the majority culture are very intense" (Worrell et al.

Ethnic And National Identities Of Koreans Essay
Ethnic and national identities of Koreans in Kazakhstan by Yekaterina Pak
On March 1 2013, in the apartment of my older brother, in small town in the north of Kazakhstan,
everything was prepared for the celebration of my niece's first–year birthday that Koreans usually
call tol'. Small low wooden table was covered with different subjects symbolizing various good
wishes for our little girl's future: a spool of thread for long life, a book for knowledge, bowl of rice
for prosperity, money for richness and others. My niece was wearing special Korean dress hanbok
that was brought from Korea and was handed over among my relatives whenever they have their
own tol'. The tradition of first–year birthday has been always kept in my family as a reminiscence of
our ethnic belonging. Currently in Kazakhstan live about one hundred thousands ethnic Koreans
whose families were deported to the Soviet Kazakhstan almost eighty years ago from the Far East.
Stalin's repression politics regarding ethnic minorities who were living next to the borders has
significantly transformed identities of the deported people. How do Koreans in Kazakhstan
experience their ethnic and national identities in the context of multi–ethnic state? Living all my life
in Kazakhstan and being a third generation of ethnic Koreans living outside the place of ethnic
origin, I have never questioned my identities and have never thought how important it can be. In
order to investigate my own "quest for identity" in this

Ethnic Groups In The Rohingya
The Rohingya are an ethnic group with majority being Muslim who live in the Buddhist Myanmar.
Often, the Rohingya are called the "worlds most persecuted minority." As of today, there are at least
1.1 million Rohingya that currently live in Southeast Asia. The language spoken by the Rohingya is
known as Ruaingga and is very distinct. Out of the 135 ethnic groups in the country they are not
considered one and have continuously been denied citizenship in Myanmar since the year 1982.
They are not allowed to leave without permission from the government.
They are forced to live under harsh conditions such as living in ghetto like camps and lack basic
needs. Due to the threat of persecution and constant violence many have fled to neighboring
countries. during the years of British ruling many laborers migrated to Myanmar from Bangladesh
and India. Many natives to the country thought negatively from the migrators and after independent
from the British government deemed the migration as illegal. this has led to years of un fair
treatment to the Rohingya.
I think it's easy to say that one of the very first issues regarding the Rohingya ethnic group is that
they are denied some of the very basic human rights listed in the UDHR. For example, in Article 1.
Article 1 states that all human rights are born free and equal in dignity and rights they are endowed
with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of Brotherhood. Every
day the Rohingya had to live through

The Impact Of Historic Events On The Social Environment...
identity can change over time in a society with the effects of historic events, changes in the social
environment and the active participation of the people to create new social constructs and
institutions. In order for nationalism to even start several prerequisites had to be met. These were the
creation of a print system for books to be created. These books would spread the ideas of
nationalism, the enlightenment and other philosophical movements across the world. Next is the
capitalist system which would naturally seek to reach a larger audience and thus a larger profit
margin which lead to the development of the vernacular print. Print in vernacular allowed for
regular people to read the ideas printed in the books and understand them, which ultimately spread
the ideas and values of these cognitive revolutions to the common man. These changes to written
language changed its role forever. In the past, written language was reserved specifically for the
political, intellectual, or religious elite. The religious elite especially relied on the control of the
written word to control and influence the thoughts of the masses, and this was true for most, if not
all religions across the world. A consequence of written language being used by the common people
to spread the ideas of the enlightenment allowed for the dismantlement of the concept of rule by
divine right. The spread of rationalism in turn encouraged the use of rational discourse amongst the
common people,

Poor Ethnic Groups
Poor ethnic groups in the United States According to the Census Bureau one in seven people in the
United States live in poverty. Today, more than 45 million people in the United States are living in
poverty. Those 45 million people in 'poverty' are constantly struggling with getting nutritious food,
safe shelter, and proper clothing for the weather. Throughout the United States, there is a dilemma
that certain ethnic groups are in deeper poverty than another. Here we will look into why one ethnic
group is better off than the next. The United States uses the Census Bureau to determine which
ethnic groups are in poverty. Using an economic poverty measure calculating the minimum amount
of income needed to meet the basic needs. This varies my family size and compensation also. The
four groups we will look into are African American, Hispanic, white, and Asian doing this will
determine why each group is in more poverty than another. According to the Census Bureau, African
Americans make up roughly 22% of the poverty rate, annually making an average of $39,490 a year.
This is the lowest poverty rate out of all of the ethnic groups. Why is it that African Americans have
a higher poverty rate than others? One problem holding African American people back from having
a better lifestyle are the three 'norms' that most successful people have. The three norms are to have
a high school degree, work full time, and have a child (if you want to) after age 21. Without having
these three

Exploring the Reasons for Differences in Educational...
Exploring the Reasons for Differences in Educational Achievement Between Different Ethnic
Groups
I believe that this is an important issue to consider as research has shown that whilst Afro–Caribbean
males are at the very bottom in terms of achievement, West Indian females tend to do even better
than white females at GCSE. Sociologists such as Cecil Wright link educational achievement with
teacher racism and labelling whilst other sociologists such as Charlotte Brookes link it with cultural
deprivation: issues concerned with ethnicity. Ethnic groups contain people who share a common
history, custom, identity and in most cases language and religion. The issue of 'differences in
educational ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cecil Wright 1992 noted of teacher labelling, '[Afro–Caribbean] hold expectations of bad behaviour
along with disapproval, punishment and teacher insensitivity to racism'. She also affirmed that of
primary school children, Rastafarians in particular were perceived as a threat to classroom
management and often treat more harshly.
Sociologist Bernard Coard (1971) used impressionistic evidence and personal experience to prove
his hypothesis 'The education system makes black children become educationally subnormal by
making them feel inferior in every way'. Following his research he found that the word white is
associated with 'good' and the word black with 'evil', especially in children's books. Furthermore he
noted that books often only contain white people and black music, art and culture are absent from
the curriculum. I believe that his research completely supports his hypothesis as it is inevitable that
some young children that associate black will 'evil' will resent black children and therefore they
attract hostility from other children which makes their school life extremely unpleasant.
Gender differences is

Somali Ethnic Groups
The History, Religion, and Traditions of Somalia's Ethnic Groups Somali ethnic groups do not only
live in Somalia, they live in northern Kenya, the Ogaden region of eastern Ethiopia, and Djibouti.
Even though Somali ethnic groups live in different places around Somalia, they still consider
themselves as one. The country of Somalia is best understood by learning about the "Horn of
Africa," defining its common religion, and examining its rich traditions. Comprehending the history
of the "Horn of Africa" is important in order to understand its effect on Somali ethnic groups. Unlike
most of African nations, Somalia is made up of single, homogeneous ethnic groups (Lewis).
Somalia shares a uniform language, religion, and culture that leads to a common ancestor. In the mid
1800s, Somalia was broken down into several territories by Colonies. The French controlled the
northern region (the area that is now Djibouti), the British colonized northern Somalia (creating a
country called British Somaliland), Italians governed southern Somalia (creating Italian
Somaliland), Ethiopia controlled the region of Ogaden, and Kenya controlled the northern border
that contains Somalis (Lewis). In 1900, "British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland peacefully
obtained independence and were united to form the current borders of Somalia" (Lewis). After
World War II, British gain control of Ogaden which was designated as part of Ethiopia. Military
conflict arose between Ethiopia and

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