Data Warehouse ( Dw Of Dwh )

Data Warehouse ( Dw Of Dwh )
Introduction Data warehouse (DW of DWH) also called enterprise data warehouse (EDW) refers to
the system utilized in the analysis and reporting of data. The can be described as the main
component making up business intelligence. Normalized data warehousing describes the
repositories containing integrated data form several dissimilar sources. It contains information
which can be utilized in creating investigative reports for the various users within an organization.
Examples of reports that can be retrieved from these repositories include annual and periodic trends
of sales within the organization. The data contained in these sources is uploaded form the
operational systems and hence can be utilized in making accurate reports regarding the operations.
Before the data can be used for reporting purposes it could pass through operational data stores. This
reports presents summaries of researches conducted in topics seeking to describe various normalized
models of data warehousing. The research covers the topics indicated in the table below First
Normal Form (1NF) Using an example of an entity type in first normal form (1NF) and that contains
no repeating groups of data. For example, in Figure 1contains several repeating attributes in the data
Order0NF table – the ordered item information is repeated nine times with the contact information
repeated twice, for shipping information and billing information each once. Although the initial
version of orders could work, there are a
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A Database For A Relational System
Database Normalization Srikanth Karra Instructor: Dr. Steven Case Southern New Hampshire
University When we design a database for a relational system, the main objective in the
development of a logical data model is to create an accurate representation of the data its
relationship and constraints. The data should be split in different tables, which can then be joined
together based on their relations with each other and the data found in each one of them. These
tables should therefore be designed well to save on space and ensure that cases on data
inconsistency are eliminated. Another aspect, which will be saved on, is space that is occupied by
repetitive data. Normalization is the process that is used to remove redundancy ... Show more
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It is highly recommended by practitioners that all databases be designed to at most the third normal
form as there's little or no benefit designing to the higher normal forms. The type of activity or
transactions to be performed against the database should determine how normalized this database
will be to achieve the performance benefits. Importance of having a normalized database There are
many advantages to normalizing databases. The first being the ability to minimize modification
anomalies by reducing redundancy, maintain data consistency and protect data integrity. Data
consistency is the act on ensuring that similar data does not appear in different tables or entries in
the database. This is highly discouraged because inconsistency can result into a lot of losses in terms
of space and time. It can be confusing and especially when updating the data which has multiple
entries. A database should therefore be well designed to ensure that all the data is well documented
and all inconsistency has been eliminated in the tables. Normalization is a process for evaluating and
correcting tables to minimize the likelihood of data anomalies. Basically, normalization can help
ensure the proper data is entered into any particular field by restricting what can be entered or stored
in that particular field (Kroenke, 2006). The essence of data normalization is to split your data into
several tables that will be connected to each other based on the data within them

Database Analysis : A Database
A database is defined as an organized collection of data, typically in electronic form. A properly
designed database provides access to accurate well organized information. This is essential to
achieve the goals that where outlined when the database was first planned. Certain principles are
required when designing a good database. One principle that is very important is the elimination of
duplicate data, also known as redundant data, which not only waste space but adds confusion.
According to the official Microsoft Office support site," A good database is one that: Divides your
information into subject–based tables to reduce redundant data, provides Access with information it
requires to join the information in the tables together as needed, helps support and ensure the
accuracy and integrity of your information, and accommodates your data processing and reporting
needs." When designing a database there are guidelines that need to be followed. These guidelines
are an essential part of making sure the database is well constructed and serves the intended
purpose. First is to determine the purpose of the database. It is a smart idea to write down what the
database is going to be used for. This will help with keeping on track on not getting away from the
intended purpose of the database. Second is finding and organizing the required information. Using
existing list such as ledgers or a list of customers will assist with getting the database started. Next
determine how this

Programming
CS 2203 Unit 1 – 8 Self Quiz Review Questions
The main purpose of the information model is to inform software developers and provide protocol–
specific constructs.
Select one:
True
False
Question 2
Which term describes each two–dimensional table or file in the relational model?
Select one:
a. Database
b. Relational Database
c. Data Warehouse
d. None of the Above
Question 3
If a relation has more than one candidate key the one chosen to represent the relation is called the:
Select one:
a. primary key
b. foreign key
c. alternate key
d. candidate key
Question 4
The first hierarchial DBMS was ____ and was released by IBM in 1968?
Select one:
a. IMS (Information Management System)
b. SQL
c. DB2
d. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
list all those who are resident and all those who have one child
b. list all those with 1 child
c. list all those who are resident
d. list only those who have one child as well as all those who are resident

Question 4
In strict relational terminology, an attribute is
Select one:
a. a table
b. a field
c. an entity
d. a record
Question 5
The entity integrity constraint says that if a relation R2 includes a foreign key FK matching the
primary key PK of other relation R1, then every value of FK in R2 must either be equal to the value
of PK in some tuple of R1 or be wholly null.
Select one:
True
False
Question 6
The primary key does not have to be unique in relations that have a one to many relationship.
Select one:
True
False
Question 7
A foreign key can accept a null value unless otherwise restricted by a null constraint.
Select one:
True
False
Question 8
Integrity constraints are rules that help ensure the

Huffman Trucking Database Essay
Huffman Trucking Database
The driving log was broken up into 11 tables. The database is in the third normal form or Boyce
Codd Normal Form (BCNF) (Pratt & Adamski, 2005, p. 153). This level of normalization ensures
no repeating groups, no key column is dependent on only a portion of the primary key, and the only
determinants that are contained are candidate keys. The company has four locations in the United
States and services 925 drivers. Normalization to the third normal form is sufficient due to the
relatively small database, the number of daily updates and the nature of the information. The
database is searchable, and due to the naming methodology, is platform independent. Care was taken
to omit reserved words from the major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Name, phone, and addresses of each contact are the fiends for this table.
The driver table contains fields concerning the driver only and has their home address, home state
(linked with the state field), license number, home telephone and mobile telephone.
The berth table contains fields concerning the times and dates when the driver was in the berth and
not driving. The driver can enter multiple times in or out of the berth. A comments field was added
to allow the driver to provide detailed information about the stop such as when the co driver drove
while the driver was in the berth or slept overnight. The event number is linked with the driving log
table.
The driving table contains the co driver, event number (linked with berth log and duty cycle log),
tractor (linked to the tractor table), trailer (linked to the trailer log) and comments to be entered by
the driver concerning the trip fields.
The duty cycle table has the event number (linked with the driving log) on duty and off duty times.
The table allows the driver to enter multiple events for each trip indexed by the event number. The
table also has a comments field that can be used by the driver to document events that occurred
either while on or off–duty.
The tractor table contains information about each tractor owned by Huffman trucking. The log
contains information about the service date, when the truck was operational or non operational and

Relational Database Management System (Dbms)
Running head: TERM PROJECT
Term Project and Proposal
Name:
University:
Course:
Date of submission:
Abstract Business corporations often require summarized pieces of data in the form of pivot tables
for efficient and strategic decision–making. However, the use of pivot tables poses certain data
storage problems especially in the light of the need to have the formulas stored with data. This paper
presents one data storage situation where using pivot tables for summarizing data was unsuitable
because the storage was done using a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet, stored in XLS format. The
project purposes to implement the data storage using a database management system, in this case,
Microsoft Access to address the problem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This paper implements the solution using Microsoft Access 2007. In this case, the table would have
each Employee with the values such as Al and Clara, the Date with values like 1/05/2011, and the
Status with values o, wh, and wa. This would result in several records per day but each record would
represent only one Employee. With this form of normalization, it is possible and plain to create the
desired pivot table. In fact, pivot tables generated from this normalized data would be able to answer
questions like "which employee worked away on a certain day of the month?" Unfortunately,
though, this data is stored in a way that the user would not be able to see or even use it at times.
There are many benefits of using a database over spreadsheets for storing this kind of data. The
following is a list of some of these benefits to the sales business and users: * Database management
systems provide for restricted access to * Databases help reduce or avoid data storage redundancy *
Persistent storage of data structures and useful program objects like queries and reports * Databases
help enforce referential and standards * Databases help in representing sophisticated relationship
among vast amounts of data * DBMS provide for database backup and recovery
Data elements to be involved: entities and attributes This database system will center on capturing
employee details with respect to whether

Database Modeling And Normalization Paper
Assignment 2– Database Modeling and Normalization
Dr. Amir Afzal
Strayer University– CIS 515
August 7, 2012
Abstract
Selling high end electronics is big business and being a commissioned employee in that field if your
sales are up means big money. Prices for electronics range from the low hundreds into the
thousands. It really depends on the person style, specifications they are looking for, trust in the
brand, and the depth of their pockets, how much a person is willing to spend for example on a that
high definition led plasma television that is 52 inches. No matter the cost, businesses want to keep a
track of the sales of their employees and how much they are getting paid. In this case a high–end
electronics store wants to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The coding that was used to find information on commissions paid to employees was: SELECT
Employee.*
FROM Employee, Invoice
WHERE (DepartmentID =2);
The asterisk next to employees indicates that all the information under the employee table was used
to generate the search. In this query information was pulled from the employee and invoice tables.
The WHERE function more specifically states the department which can be changed and it would
generate new information. The query currently only shows employee commission information for
employees who work in department two (see attachment).
If the finance department wanted to find the total compensation paid to each employee in the same
month as the first query a slightly different query would be run to generate that information. The
first code simply pulled the information and did not include and computation because the finance
department only requested to be able to determine as in pull up the record for employee's
commission paid. The second code will include computation which will divide the yearly salary by
twelve months then multiples the commission rate by the total amount of product sold and lastly add
those two numbers together to get the total compensation for that month. Unfortunately the coding
that I am using is not generating a proper result. However, it should look something like this:
SELECT Employee.EmpNumber, Employee.EmpFirstName,

Applying Normalized Tables And The Model Of The Entity...
then be able to identify the dependencies between the attributes, and then create normalized tables
directly based on those dependencies. More often than not this can be done mentally or on paper
before the tables are even added to the actual design.
Normalization appropriates the affiliation amongst all of the attributes within the entity table to
achieve its goal. Since the Entity Relationship Diagram will also contain the appropriations amongst
the attributes, as a common base to identify the entity type structure, than it is possible to then apply
the normalization principles, all during the conceptual data modeling phase. Enacting Normalization
during the Entity Relationship Diagram can then improve the conceptual model, and therefore ...
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The relationship are then indicated by the common columns, or the domains, in the data tables are
related. The Transitive Dependency within an entity type takes place of the non entity attributive
attributes have dependency amongst there selves. Multi – Valued dependency likeness in the Entity
Relationship Diagram can take place when the attributes within the entity example have more than
one value. This is a potential instance when some attributes within an entity examples have the
maximum cardinality of n, or more than 1. When the attribute has lots of values in an entity
example, this can be setup either as the composite key modifier of the entity type, or then split into
the weak entity type.
Normalized Entity Relationship represents the dependency approach in Entity Relationship Diagram
toward the intended use in the application of normal form. Normalization is a many step occurrence
that begins with "unnormalized" relations.The first set up in normalization is to appropriate the data
into a two dimensional table. In an unnormalized relation the data can repeat within the columns. To
be able to move to a first normal form a relation must also contain only the atomic values at each of
the rows and columns. So this means no repeating groups, and a set of columns will be named the
Candidate key when its value can

The Training Session With Other It Staff, The Chief...
In the upcoming training session with other IT staff, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) wants to
have a summary of normalizing databases included. The summary will include the steps needed to
convert a database into First Normal Form, Second Normal Form, and Third Normal Form. An
example will be used to show the reasons for converting the college database into these forms.
Another example will include a time when denormalize of a table is acceptable in a database. The
business rules of the college will impact the database normalization and a decision to denormalize
the tables.
When databases are created, data are stored in the fields of a database, some databases are simple
and may contain one table. As the database grows there and get more complex, the tables will need
to be normalized. According to Coronel, Morris, and Rob (2013), "normalization is a process for
evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize data redundancies, thereby reducing the
likelihood of data anomalies," (p.181). There are different forms the database table can be converted
to, which for the training session will be limited to three, the First Normal Form (1NF), Second
Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF). The 1NF is a table format which has no
repeating groups and the primary key (PK) has been identified, the 3NF includes the 1NF with no
partial dependencies, and the 3NF includes 2NF and no transitive dependencies. To convert a table
to 1NF, need to look at the table and see if

Unit 18
Database Database, it is a place use to store lots of data. It can be seen as a filing cabinet. And
database management system (DBMS) is software that specificity designs for managing the data in
database such as create, update or delete them. General is including security, retrieval and backup
features. User also allows using the data to create a report or share data with multi–user. MS Access
is a database management system design by Microsoft. It offers user four important objects they are:
* Table A Table is where you are organised and store data so you have to create the table before
store any data. By creating table, you need to define few things, Fields name, Data type, and the
Description. * Fields Name Fields ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Data Redundancy – Relationships General a database has a lot of tables and some tables are
related to each other so relationship is use to make the connection between two or more tables. It is a
method to avoid excessive data and to ensure the data integrity. There have three types of
relationships: * One to One For example, one employee only has one ID and one ID only for one
employee. In many case, "One to One" relationship is for reduce the time to searching data. * One to
Many Simply, "One to Many" means one thing or one person has many relations with other. For
example, one department can have many employees. * Many to Many "Many to Many" is different
with other two. To build "Many to Many" relationship you need to have at least three tables. It is
because "Many to Many" cannot make the connection directly. For example, a student can choose
many course but a course can have many student too so you cannot actually link them together. To
link them, you will need a table to transfer data so the relationship will become "Many to One" and
"One to Many". * Normalisation It is a design method that used to avoid data redundancy and
eliminate uncoordinated relationship. Normalisation has six stages to help with separate data which
are UNF, 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF and 5NF. * UNF is the first stage which is unnormalised; *
1NF is to remove the repeating groups; *

Spatial Data Warehouse Case Study
Spatial Data Warehouse
Geographic Information System information makes up spatial data. Sharing spatial information is
necessary. The biggest drawback of spatial data warehouse surrounds the data retrieval. Diverse
ideas have been put forward on the correlation between spatial objects and their directions. When
modeling the directions of spatial data in datasets, several steps are involved. The method of
approximation of the spatial objects is made. This is helpful in the determination of the best method
to be used in the analysis of the two spatial objects being correlated. The directions relations of the
spatial data are then determined (Chmiel et al, 2009). For proper analysis, the directions should be
complete and mutually exclusive. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Directional relations are then drawn in relation to their intervals. MBR approximation is preferred to
point approximation because it uses the result from both objects.
Minimum Bounding Circle Approximation
In this technique, a circle surrounds the spatial data objects under study. Directions relations among
the objects are determined. The minimum bounding circletechnique is rarely used (Chan, 1999).
Tilling Based Model
Lines are used to divide the planes into many tiles. Two methods are applied; projection based
model and cone shaped model. The projection based model involves partitioning lines that run
parallel to the axes of the coordinate system. The direction relations are then determined. The cone
shaped model on the other hand describes direction using the angles (Malinow & Zimányi 2007).
Object Interaction matrix is a strategy that uses Cardinal directions between objects. OIM solves a
diverse of problems created as a result of determining Cardinal directions in spatial data objects like
incorrect results. OIM can only be applied for spatial data objects (Malinowski & Zimany, 2004).
Moving Objects Data Warehouses
Due to the advancement that has been realized, the amount of data being generated may be
overwhelming. Many proposals on data warehouses can solve this problem and handle the complex
data. However, one challenge often occurs as a result of the analysis. The terminology used by
different companies in OLAP is

Dbm 380 Week 4 Huffington
Huffman Trucking Company DBM/380 July 16, 2012 Gaya P. Agrawal Introduction During World
War II it was imperative that the United States government find a way to transport products to and
from different parts of the United States. Huffman Trucking Company was one of the first
companies commissioned by the United States used to assist in this effort. Established in Cleveland
Ohio K. Huffman started the company with one tractor–trailer and thanks to the help of the United
States government, grew to 16 tractors and 36 trailers by 1945. Today, Huffman Trucking Company
has 800 road tractors and 2100 45 foot trailers at its disposal. Although Huffman has been extremely
successful, the need to remain competitive by use of information ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
By filling the database with test data, we can begin to determine if the tables are normalized
correctly, need changes to the keys and foreign keys, or new bridge tables are needed to correctly
output the data. It is also at this point that we test to ensure that data types match and all entities are
of the proper format. Although Change Request No. 3 seems fairly simple, it will bring to light any
issues that might have been encountered while interpreting the tables from the ERD Diagram. It is
not uncommon for changes to be needed to the database after it has been created from the ERD.
Moreover, now is the best time to catch these issues before the system is fully functioning making it
much more difficult to make certain changes. Creating ERDs According to Kroenke and Auer
(2010) there is an ERD standard, albeit very loosely practiced. The diagrams use combinations of
rectangles and diamonds. Entity classes are shown using rectangles, relationships are shown using
diamonds, the maximum cardinality of the relationship is shown inside the diamond, and the
minimum cardinality is shown by the oval or hash mark next to the entity. The name of the entity is
shown inside the rectangle and the name of the relationship is shown near the diamond. As said in
the earlier section, Process of Using Entities and Attributes, the process for using the entities and
attributes for the fleet truck maintenance

Cis 109 Assignment 3
Logical Design Gregory M Dowell CIS 111 Professor Thakkar 25 February 2014 Logical Design
The purpose of normalization is to create a stable set of relations is representative of the operations
of an enterprise. By doing this we are able to reduce redundancy to save space and avoid
inconsistencies in data. It also ensures that the design is free of certain updates, insertions, and
deletion anomalies (Ricardo, 2012). With normalization as with most anything else there are
advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of normalization are: ACID, which stands for
atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Atomicity means the transaction is a single unit.
Either the entire set of actions is carried out or is not. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This causes an inconsistency in the data since it was only updated in one location and not all
locations. Insertion anomalies occur due to the impossibility to store some information unless other
information is stored as well. Deletion anomalies are caused by information being deleted that may
cause other information to be deleted as well. This means it may not be possible to delete some
information without deleting other information as well. That is why it is important to use
normalization when creating databases to help alleviate these problems. There are three stages to
normalization, 1st NF, 2nd NF, and 3rd NF. In the 1st NF stage must ensure that the table has no
multivalued attributes. If there are the table should be broken down into separate tables so that there
are no multivalued attributes. The 2nd NF stage requires that we break the tables down even more to
ensure that all attributes and functional dependency entirely to the primary key and has met all
requirements of the 1st NF. Then, and only then will it be considered to have met 2nd NF
requirements. To transform the database to 3rd NF you must identify the primary key in the 2nd NF
table. Then we must identify functional dependencies in the relationship to ensure there are no
transitive dependencies. These types of dependencies can cause insertion, deletion, and update

Nt1330 Unit 2 Data Collection Paper
Question 1 (ULO1) a. Sequential access: Sequential file organizations access data sequentially from
the beginning [1], i.e. to reach file 27, the 26 preceding files must be accessed first. They are much
slower to access compared to random access [1]. Sequential files are stored on a sequential access
device [2]. The records contained in sequential files are stored in a predetermined order [2],
according to the value of a search key [1], and are stored one after the other [2] as they are inserted
into the file. Records can only be accessed (read from and written to) sequentially (i.e. in the same
order that they were entered) [3]. Sequential files are designed for efficient processing [1]). Records
stored in sequential files cannot be deleted, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Business Rules: In the entity–relationship data models, business rules must take into account all
relationship models: one–to–many (1:M), one–to–one (1:1) and many–to–many (M:N). For a
database on a school library, a restriction of having a student only allowed to borrow one book
would need a 1:1 relationship. b. Normalisation: The following information applies to the relational
data model. – 1NF (First Normal Form): The relation has no repeating groups; all attributes are
dependent on the primary key. [12] – 2NF (Second Normal Form): The relation should not have any
partial dependencies; part of the primary key should not identify a subset of attributes in the same
table. The relation must be in 1NF before it can be in 2NF [12] – 3NF (Third Normal Form): The
relation has no transitive dependencies. The relation must be in 2NF before it can be in 3NF. [12]
Normalization for entity–relationship modelling works as it does for other modelling systems, with
some alterations. [13] The difference when using the entity–relationship data model is [14]: 1.
Attributes become entity types. 2. Compound attributes must be split into smaller attributes. 3.
Entity types must be expanded into two entity types and a

Normalization Process Within A Database
Normalization can be used as a methodology for achieving an organized and logically designed
database free of overused excessive data. The normalization process includes three integral
fundamental steps which are the first normal form, second normal form, and third normal form.
Logically organizing data in a manner that reduces or eradicates excessive equivalent data allows for
accurate and concise data tracking within a database, and normalization can help achieve this.
Normalization as a Methodology for Organizing Attributes into Tables Normalization is used as an
organizational methodology to eradicate excessive data and include essential necessary data within a
database. There are three levels of the normalization process that include First Normal Form,
Second Normal Form, and Third Normal Form. Each normal form is significant to the normalization
process in logically designing a database.
Normalization
Gillenson (2012) states that "Data normalization is a methodology for organizing attributes into
tables so that redundancy among the non–key attributes is eliminated" (p. 175). The normalization
process can be viewed as a fine–tuning of sorts that can pinpoint and get rid of overused or
unnecessary data. The data normalization process includes three steps or levels. These three levels
include First Normal Form, Second Normal Form, and Third Normal Form. "Normal forms that
guide the process of database schema design have several key goals such as

Blending: The Intentions Of The Disabled
Normalization, a concept that for one to be comfortable in their own body and community and to
blend in and feel accepted by others around them, HSER 190 (2014). Intentions of the disabled to
integrate into society by living life as do those without a disability. Morse, J. (2000). "Blending is
the secret," this a quote that Peg refers to when trying to help cover up Edward's scars. Peg's
character truly cares about her looks and fitting in with her fellow neighbours, so once Peg took
Edward into her life she felt it was her duty to make Edward blend in with the community and try to
enhance his self–esteem. First Peg brought Edward into a normal living environment were he could
socialize and gain human contact, she also tried to help him ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Peg brought Edward into her house thinking she could help him but didn't really understand how to.
Edward really displayed the competence– deviancy hypothesis but also had great struggles when it
came to doing everyday things we wouldn't think twice about, such as dressing, using utensils or
even being able to hug someone. Clangers, an instant recognition of oddity, HSER 190(2014). For
Edward his image really displayed many clangers; for example, his scissors for hands gave him a
frightening appearance, as well as his dark leather clothes, black messy hair and the scars all over
his face. This image made Edward stick out in his community and really put a barrier for him to
blend with other around him. Peg took this into consideration and really tried to teach him proper
ethics of communication and help his image. Peg quotes, "will cover up the scares and start with a
complete new surface," I feel this quote related that the scars on Edward's face which represented
the emotional struggles and scaring that Edward has gone through his whole life and that meeting
Peg helped him try a fresh

Tour Operator Agency Database. Essay
A multinational tour operator agency has gained new business growth in the North American market
through the use of social media. Its operation has expanded by 50% within six months and the
agency requires an enhanced data management strategy to sustain their business operations. Their
existing data repository for its reservation processing system is limited in business intelligence and
reporting functionalities. The tour operator seeks a database management specialist to assist them in
leveraging their data sources to enable them to forecast and project tour sales appropriately.
Imagine that you have been hired to fulfill their need of enhancing the data repository for their
current reservation processing system. Upon reviewing the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
You may make use of graphical tools in Microsoft Word or Visio, or an open source alternative such
as Dia. Note: The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length.
Construct a query that can be used on a report for determining how many days the customer's
invoice will require payment if total amount due is within 45 days. Provide a copy of your working
code as part of the paper. Using the salesperson table described in the summary above, complete the
following: Construct a trigger that will increase the field that holds the total number of tours sold per
salesperson by an increment of one (1). Create a query that can produce results that show the
quantity of customers each salesperson has sold tours to. Support the reasoning behind using stored
procedures within the database as an optimization process for the database transactions.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one–inch margins on all
sides; citations and references must follow APA or school–specific format. Check with your
professor for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment,
the student's name, the professor's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the
reference page are not included in the

Entities and Attributes for Fleet Truck Maintenance Essay
At the request of the Huffman Trucking Maintenance Department, Smith Consulting developed
entities and attributes for their Fleet Trucking Maintenance database. Unfortunately, the creator of
the database was not available and the development of the database system was not able to be
completed. D Team realizes that the development of a reliable database system is needed to provide
for the tracking of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance for their fleet. Therefore, a database
along with forms, tables, queries, and reports that tracks information gathered by maintenance
records, inventory of parts and purchases from vendors is proposed. Huffman Trucking desires to
advance and make certain that maintenance is performed and tracked for ... Show more content on
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The coming maintenance of a vehicle should also trigger an event to ensure that the parts anticipated
to be needed for that maintenance are on hand. If the anticipated parts are not in inventory, then an
order should be recommended by report or automatically initiated. Based upon the original content
provided by Smith consulting, a database design was obtained by first analyzing the key subjects,
entities, and attributes. The key subjects are the following: Parts Inventory Purchases, Parts
Inventory Issues, Parts Catalogue, Vendors, Parts Purchasing History, Vehicle Maintenance, Tire
Maintenance, Maintenance Descriptions, Vehicle Types, Vehicles, and Maintenance Work Orders
along with several entities to support each of the subjects. The tables were then normalized to third
normal form (3NF). Accordingly, each of the tables will be joined by a series of primary and foreign
keys thereby creating relationships among them. This approach will allow the design to be broken
into smaller pieces, thus focusing on one entity at a time. Eventually, these smaller designs were
merged into a cumulative design for the entire database. If this project is not implemented, it will not
be possible to automatically share data for each of the trucking hubs. Parts ordering and settlement
will continue to be done in an inefficient and decentralized way. Parts inventory will not be able to
be shared between hubs and maintenance schedules will be inconsistent between hubs. There

Essay on Computer Forurm
Chapter 5 Normalization of Database Tables Discussion Focus Why are some table structures
considered to be bad and others good and how do you recognize the difference between good and
bad structures? From an information management point of view, possibly the most vexing and
destructive problems are created through uncontrolled data redundancies. Such redundancies
produce update and delete anomalies that create data integrity problems. The loss of data integrity
can destroy the usefulness of the data within the database. (If necessary, review Chapter 1, Section
1.4.4, "Data Redundancy", to make sure that your students understand the terminology and that they
appreciate the dangers of data redundancy.) Table structures are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, normalization is only a part of the "good design to implementation" process. For
example, normalization | |does not detect the presence of synonyms. | | | |Remind your students that
normalization takes place in tandem with data modeling. The proper procedure is to follow these
steps: | |Create a detailed description of operations. | |Derive all the appropriate business rules from
the description of operations. | |Model the data with the help of a good tool such as Visio's Crow's
Foot option to produce an initial ERD. This ERD is the initial database blueprint.| |Use the
normalization procedures to remove data redundancies. This process may produce additional
entities. | |Revise the ERD created in step

How To CIS 515: Tour Operator Agency Database
Tour Operator Agency Database Jeremy Clark Dr. Larisa Bulysheva CIS 515 – Strategic Plan For
Database Systems August 14, 2013 Tour Operator Agency Database Week 6 Assignment 5 Mike
Jennings Enhanced Database Management Strategy Proposal An efficient data structure design
requires a thorough analysis of both the rules a business follows and the relational business objects
that allow the production of output for the organization. An efficient model of data should as well
require little maintenance and oversight if built properly. Designing a data model promoting data
redundancy and normalization provides a design that requires minimal modification to handle.
(Tupper 2011) For your ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the Tour table in Figure 5 the primary key that I chose I made composite to uniquely identify the
attributes related to the purchase of a tour. The composite primary key
CustomerID,EmployeeID,TourName,TourDate,TourSeason for the Tour table allows this table to
almost act like an invoice for each tour sale. Figure 5 Tour Table 5. My tables were in 1NF and
because I had no partial dependencies my tables were now in 2NF Proposed Naming Convention
and Entity Attributes The table names "Employee", "Customer", "Tour", and "TourCost" accurately
define the data represented within each table. To better associate the data in the Tour with its
operational purpose I will rename to TourInvoice. For this organization I've gone back and renamed
several entities to better associate the entity to the table it belongs to. For example the FirstName
attribute in the EMPLOYEE table was renamed to EMPFirstName to associate this first name
attribute with the EMPLOYEE FirstName and not Customer First Name which was changed as
well. See the captures below for entity and attribute names and their data types. Figure 6 Naming
Convention for Employee and Customer Table Figure 7 Naming Convention for TourCost and
TourInvoice Table Proposed Entity Relationship Model Figure 8 Many Customers complete one
invoice (TourInvoice) at the sale of a tour. One TourInvoice is assigned a PricePerson contained
within the TourCost

Database Normalization Is Important For The Future....
Introduction
Data is important to the company as it assists with decision making, competitive advantage, or
support. Senior management has to rely on historical information to observe trends in order to
formulate a plan to execute improvements for the future. Company performance information can be
leveraged to compare among competitors in the industry to capture an idea of where the
organization stands. Data can be used as support to confirm whether previously executed plans are
effectively working or not against standards or metrics.
With importance of data, it would benefit business employees preserve information by improving
the database design that stores it all. While information is being stored sufficiently as is, database
design can be processed through normalization to improve its organization.
Purpose
As a commonly exercised technique for the analysis of relational databases, normalization creates
set of relational tables and minimize data redundancy that preserve consistency (Bahmani et al,
2010). The output design then facilitates correct insertion, deletion, and modification to the data.
According to Wang et al (2010), database normalization is an important process in systems analysis
and design. The objective of normalization is to allow the storage of data without unnecessary
redundancy and thereby eliminate data inconsistency so that users can maintain and retrieve data
without difficulty. A normalized database eliminates anomalies in updating, inserting,

Database Normalization and Logical Process Concept Paper
Database Normalization and Logical Process Concept paper This short paper will explain with a
simple example the process and the need of normalization in the most of the business databases.
Complete proposal break down (Timeline phases, Financial phases) will be submitted per
management request. Overview At first any database should be designed with the end user in mind.
Logical database design, also referred to as the logical model, is the process of arranging data into
logical, organized groups of objects that can easily be maintained. The logical design of a database
should reduce data repetition or go so far as to completely eliminate it. The needs of the end user
should be one of the top considerations when designing a database. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of one large table, there are now smaller, more manageable tables: EMPLOYEE_TBL,
CUSTOMER_TBL, and PRODUCTS_TBL. The primary keys are normally the first columns listed
in a table, in this case: EMP_ID, CUST_ID, and PROD_ID. The objective of the Second normal
form is to take data that is only partly dependent on the primary key and enters that data into another
table. Figure 3 illustrates the second normal form. According to the figure, the second normal form
is derived from the first normal form by further breaking two tables down into more specific units.
EMPLOYEE_TBL split into two tables called EMPLOYEE_TBL andEMPLOYEE_PAY_TBL.
Personal employee information is dependent on the primary key (EMP_ID), so that information
remained in theEMPLOYEE_TBL (EMP_ID, LAST_NAME, FIRST_NAME,MIDDLE_NAME,
ADDRESS, CITY, STATE,ZIP, PHONE, and PAGER). On the other hand, the information that is
only partly dependent on the EMP_ID (each individual employee) is used to populate
EMPLOYEE_PAY_TBL(EMP_ID, POSITION, POSITION_DESC, DATE_HIRE,PAY_RATE, and
DATE_LAST_RAISE). Notice that both tables contain the column EMP_ID. This is the primary
key of each table and is used to match corresponding data between the two tables.
CUSTOMER_TBL split into two tables called CUSTOMER_TBL andORDERS_TBL. What took
place is similar to what occurred in theEMPLOYEE_TBL. Columns that were

Anchor modeling
Anchor modeling – Agile information modeling in evolving data environments (Rönnbäck and
Regardt et al., 2010, pp. 1229––1253) Anchor modeling is suggested in the article as an agile
graphical modeling technique that allows for fast adaption through extensions, and yields in older
versions to be available as subset of the newest version. Even though this technique originates from
data warehouse domain requirements it is to be considered as a "generic modeling approach". The
basic components defined for the anchor schema are: anchors, knots, attributes and ties. In order to
preserve information on changes, knots and ties come also in "historized" versions. Furthermore, a
specified naming convention and a set of five guidelines, based on a ... Show more content on
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This is an action research study that aims at solving practical problems through the generation of an
artifact instead of guidelines for best practices. As described by Johannesson and Perjons (2012) this
can also considered an example of a design science project focused on development and evaluation.
The developed artifact is demonstrated through a scenario while its evaluation is done through
experimentation. The application of the artefact in a scenario based example demonstrates that the
new artifact can address the stated problem while the experimentation through various tests
validates its efficiency in terms of performance. Furthermore, a case study from a retail data
warehouse is brought up as an example of performance improvement but since this result could not
be validate, the authors complemented the result through the experimental approach. The article was
published in the "Data & Knowledge Engineering" journal from Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.
and therefore has undergone a peer review process from professionals in the field contacted by the
journal editor (Elsevier.com, 2013). It is part of a Special issue on 28th International Conference on
Conceptual Modeling (ER 2009). Furthermore, most of the references resources used in the article
are papers published in scientific a conference which

Mcb Week 1 Assignment
This assignment is based on lecture 5 (chapter 14). o Submit your own work on time. No credit will
be given if the assignment is submitted after the due date. o Note that the completed assignment
should be submitted in .doc, .docx, .rtf or .pdf format only. o In MCQs, if you think that your answer
needs more explanation to get credit then please write it down. o You are encouraged to discuss
these questions in the Sakai forum. (1) Every time attribute A appears, it is matched with the same
value of attribute B, but not the same value of attribute C. Therefore, it is true that: A. A!B B. A!C
C. A!(B, C) D. (B,C) ! AANS: A (2) A table is in 2NF if the table is in 1NF and what other condition
is met? A. There are no functional dependencies. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another difficulty using relations that have redundant information is the problem of update
anomalies. These can be classified as Insertion, Deletion or Modification anamolies. (7) Describe
the concept of full functional dependency and describe how this concept relates to 2NF. Provide an
example to illustrate your answer. (Review question 14.10 from the book) ANS: Full functional
dependency indicates that if A and B are attribute of a relation, B is fully functional dependent on A
if B is functionally dependent on A, but not on any proper subset of A. Second Normal Form (2NF)
is a relation that is in first normal form and every non–primary key attribute is fully functionally
dependent on the primary key. (8) Describe the concept of transitive dependency and describe how
this concept relates to 3NF. Provide an example to illustrate your answer. (Review question 14.11
from the book) ANS: Transitive dependency A condition where A, B and C are attributes of a
relation such that if A!B and B!C, then C is transitively dependent on A via B (provided that A is not
functionally dependent on B or C) Third Normal Form (3NF) is a relation that is in first and second
normal form in which no Non– Primary key attribute is transitively dependent on the primary key.
(9) Solve exercise 14.14 (a, b, c) on page 390 from the course text book (5th edition). For the 4th
edition users, the question is 13.14 (a,b,c) (a) ANS: The functional dependencies : Patient No ! Full
Name Ward

Systems Analysis and Design 9th Chapter 9
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
1. Explain the main difference between a file–oriented system and a database system.
A file–oriented system utilizes data in a regular OS file based format where a database system uses a
database engine that organizes data in a database in a table format utilizing rows for each record.
2. What is a DBMS? Briefly describe the components of a DBMS.
DBMS stands for Database Management System. A DBMS is a collection of tools, features, and
interfaces that enables users to add, update, manage, access, and analyze the contents of a database.
A DBMS is made up of a DML (data manipulation language), Schema and subschemas, Physical
data repository, and an Interface to allow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
9. Explain the difference between a logical record and a physical record.
The canned answer is a logical record is a set of field values that describes a single person, place,
thing, or event. Logical records as seen by an application is a group of related fields regardless of
how or where the data is stored physically. For example, across multiple hard drives or multiple
tables, databases etc.
A physical record is the smallest data unit that can be handled by the operating system and has to do
with the physical bytes that exist on a hard drive or other storage location. A physical record can
contain many logical records.
10. How would a specific date, such as May 1, 2004, be represented as an absolute date? According
to the book, on page 288, Microsoft uses Jan 1, 1900 as it's base date. If you have excel you can use
a spreadsheet to calculate the date or just use the example provided.
If May 13, 2003 is 37754, to get May 1, 2004 add 353 days and it should be 38107, but because
2004 was a leap year, it would be 38108.
If you use Excel, enter the date May 1, 2004 into a cell, then format as a number and it will also give
you 38108 as the answer. If you are writing the program, you can use any date as a base date, such
as Jan 1, 2005. This date would be 1, every additional day would add 1 to the count, at the end of the
year, Dec 31, 2005, the number would be 365 since it's not a leap year.
Using base dates, you can calculate

Data Modeling For A Relational Database Management System
The need to store and evaluate data is a perpetually growing field in the world of information
systems. From the days of using flat files to very large database management systems that store
petabytes of data in real time, the practice of building information from data continues to evolve.
Today, the relational data model is quite ubiquitous and is used in a plethora of information systems
ranging from accounting systems, banks, retail business, and scientific usage. It is important to
understand the concepts involved in data modeling for a relational database management system in
order to build an effective and efficient system.
Data models weren't as sophisticated in the early days as they are today. In the 1960's and 70's the
first generation data models were comprised of an ad hoc file system with no concept of
relationships between the files (Coronel & Morris, 2015). For instance, one file might contain rows
of customer records while another would house invoices. For simple data, file systems worked, but
for large sets of interconnecting data, a data processing specialist was needed to create a program
that fetched the proper data, analyze it, formatted it, and presented it in a report that made sense to
the end user. For every new query, the data processing specialist needed to create a separate
application. Files became increasingly cumbersome the more that were added and they duplicated
quite a bit of data since there were no relationships between files. The time

dbs201
DBS201 Assignment 2 Due Friday, April 04th by midnight 10% of final mark Your group must
consist of 2 or 3 people You will develop a logical database design for the following description
shown later (Page 3 etc). Submissions done by a single person will receive a 20% penalty. Required
for submission: One: (60 marks) Printed 3NF solution for each user view in this assignment a) You
are to show each step in your solution: UNF, 1NF, 2NF, 3NF . b) You are to clearly mark Primary
and Foreign Keys as shown in the sample below: Entity1[ column1 (PK), column2, column3,
column4 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Employee[employeePK, skill, skill hourly rate, date] Invoice_Equip[equipmentPK, invoiceFK, date,
total hours, charge] Equip[equipmentPK, hourly rate] 3NF: Invoice[invoicePK, customerFK,
projectFK, invoice date] Customer[customerPK, name, address] Project[projectPK, projectName,
projectType, location] Invoice_Employee[invoiceFK, employeePK, date, hrs]
Employee[employeePK, skill, skill hourly rate, date] Invoice_Equip[equipmentPK, invoiceFK, date,
total hours, charge] Equip[equipmentPK, hourly rate] Question 2: UNF: Project[ProjectPK,
projectName, (employeePK, name, years in company)] 1NF: Project[ProjectPK, projectName]
Project_Employee[ProjectFK, employeePK, name, years in company] 2NF: Project[projectPK,
projectName, projectType, location] Employee[employeePK, name]
Project_Employee[employeePK, projectPK] 3NF: Same as above Question 3: UNF:
Employee[employeePK, name, phone, (benefitNum, benefit) date] 1NF:
Employee_Benefit[employeePK, benefitNum, benefit] Employee[employeePK, name, phone, date]
2NF: Employee_Benefit[employeePK, benefitPK] Benefit[benefitPK, benefit]
Employee[employeePK, name, phone, date] 3NF: Same as above Question 4: UNF:
custByGroup[custTypePK, custType, custSub(custername, phone, fax)] 1NF:
custByGroup[custTypePK, custType, custSub] custByGroup_customer[custTypePK, customerPK,
name, phone, fax] 2NF: custByGroup[custTypePK, custType, custSub]

Data Warehouse : A Model Suitable For Presentation And...
1. Data warehouse
Answer: The term data warehouse is often used to refer to a system that extracts data from one or
more sources, in order to transform and store in a model suitable for presentation and analysis. It can
also be used to refer to just the database used in the aforementioned type of system. There are two
main approaches to building a data warehouse, the Kimball approach and the Inmon approach.
2. Data mart
Answer: A data mart is a database which contains a subset of the data found in a data warehouse and
is meant for use by single department. Typically,, data marts will use a dimensional model over a
normalized relational model. Both the Kimball and Inmon approach utilize data marts. In the
Kimball approach, the data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The coarser the grain the more limited the data warehouse is in terms of analysis opportunities.
Since analysis is the main purpose of most data warehouses, a fine grain is usually selected over a
coarse grain. However, a higher level grain can provide performance and storage advantages over a
finer grain. Two important things to remember, with respect to choosing a grain, are that the grain
must be consistent and the level of granularity should be sufficient to answer all possible user
queries.
4. Roll up
When you roll up data you create a summary of the data stored based on one or more dimensions
and a function or formula. This can be accomplished because some dimensions are hierarchical, e.g.
in the dimension time, a year contains twelve months, each of those months contains between 27
and 31 days, each of those days contains twenty–four hours and so forth. A roll up command moves
up these dimensional hierarchies to return a summary at higher level. For example, if you have a
data warehouse and each record in a fact table representing a single sales transaction, then you can
roll up on sales by summing all sales based on time. You could have total sales by month, by quarter
by year etc. You can roll up a fact based on multiple dimensions. For example, if each sales
transaction was connected to a sales person and each sales person worked for a department and each
department existed as part of a section, then you

Basic Database Design Concepts
The Fundamentals of Database Design
To end up with a good 'relational database' application, you need to ask: Do I actually need one? If
so, how far do you want to take it? By this I mean, is this to be a simple database to store
information about only one, or very few, related entities (i.e. a list of people who attended a certain
event, and how they came to hear about the event) which are not likely to change; or a permanent
and well used application with several different entities (i.e. Staff, Departments, Branches,
SalesFigures for various periods/staff members/departments) which are constantly changing. If the
forma is the case, a simple 'Flat File' database is all that is required. There are several basic database
products on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is extremely useful if the application is to be distributed among users and the database itself
can be centrally stored and maintained by database specialists. The Development/Test db will be
already in the correct format for the transfer to a backend server and the Access application will be
ready to connect to it.
Examine your current database
There is no need to reinvent the wheel. If you have a current system, have a good look at your
tables. If you need to make 'sub–columns', or the same data needs to be entered on many lines, the
database is indeed set–up wrong. This is very often identified by spotting 'repeating attributes',
within the same entity, or lists of values for one attribute. For example, you may have a table called
StaffMembers with an attribute (a column heading) called 'CompletedCourses' where you need to
list several courses for each staff member. To improve on this, the database needs to be 'Normalised',
and probably redesigned.
Design the database correctly from the outset
The first thing you need to do is make a list of items you need to store information about. These are
called Entities or Relations (or Classes in OOAD)
Next you need to list all the things about each Relation that you need to record. These are the
Relation's Attributes (or the Class' Properties in OOAD). For example, one

IT Solutions Essay
1. Identify suitable business data, data elements, data types, and resources, based on the following
interview between a database analyst and a lecturer from Sutherland University: Business Data Data
Elements Data Types Resources Course Course code Course name Course start date Course end date
Integer Character Date Date Admin Classes Class name Start date End date Time Location Class
capacity Integer Date Date Date time Integer Variable Admin Students Student ID Student name
Grade Integer Character Variable Admin 2. a. Describe the characteristic of second normal form in a
normalization process A relation is said to be in Second Normal Form (2NF) if and only if it is
already in first normal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Case study: Easy Drive Easy Drive is a car rental company that offers the best car hire prices in
Australia. The company is located in Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. Easy Drive branches could
be found at all major airports and in downtown locations. In addition, online car reservation system
is also provided for the ease of the booking experience. Easy Drive is not only providing affordable
prices, but also providing the best car rental experience. The company is well known for its
excellent customer service. Moreover, Easy Drive has more than 12,000 vehicles that range from
car, van, and busses. The company's goal is to keep increasing their service offering but partnering
with various service providers. Due to the growth and expansion of the company, Easy Drive
currently is in deep need of renewing its database system. Easy Drive has trusted WIC to model its
data objects and to provide the company with a documentation of its business data model. It is vital
for easy drive to have an accurate and reliable data, across all of its business processes in order to
provide an excellent car rental experience to its customers. Thus, a detail list of business data and
normalisation procedure is required to model the company's data. Interview

Storage Loading A De Normalized
The staging area contains all the source system tables in the database to house incoming data 1:1
(with some additional source system driven elements). The staging area is purged (refreshed) before
each batch load cycle. In other terms, staging area should never house history of loads. This is
mostly called transient staging area. Staging areas do not house referential integrity, foreign keys or
the original primary key definition. They house a sequential numbers which is reset at every load
and cycled for each cycled for each table with each batch cycle. Staging area also house a load date
stamp and record source for each table. There are exceptions to the staging tables loading a de–
normalized COBOL based file, and executing normalization (form 3 – splitting a single table into
multiple tables), these staging tables will present parent ID references. Loading a de–normalized
XML based file and executing normalization form 3 will present Parent ID reference. The staging
area can be partitioned in any format/manner. This format is generally decided by the data
warehousing team. The staged tables may contain indexes needed (post load) in order to provide
Data Vault loads with performance downstream. Staging area data should be backed up regularly
with regular intervals, otherwise it can also be backed up with scheduled intervals. With Data Vault
being 100% real–time feeds there appears to be no need for staging area. There are already few
instances, where operational Data

Bis245 Week 5 Lab
BIS245 Week 5 Lab – ER Diagram and ER Matrix
Click Link Below To Purchase:
A. Lab # : BSBA BIS245A–5A
B. Lab 5A of 7 : Database design using Visio, and based on data requirements and business rules
focusing on normalizing data to third normal form.
C. Lab Overview––Scenario/Summary:
TCO(s):
2. Given a situation containing entities, business rules, and data requirements, create the conceptual
model of the database using a database modeling tool.
Scenario:
You have been asked to create a database model using the MS Visio Database
Model Diagram Template. The purpose of this lab is to provide experience normalizing the database
to third normal form based on limited instructions, data requirements, and associated ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
b. One of the issues in denormalized data is that it can result in many–to–many relationships that are
not compatible with the relational database. Visio does not allow creation of a many–to–many
relationship because of this incompatibility. Therefore, for any many–to–many relationships in your
data, you will need to create two one–to–many relationships. See the example below:Page 4 of 5
c. Based on the information from Step 1, create the initial ERD for the College
Scheduling database including the many–to–many relationships. If you need assistance to create the
entities, refer to labs from Weeks 1 and 2.
d. Assign the primary keys and attributes from the data requirements to the proper entities.
e. Save the file as YourName_Lab5A.vsd.
Step 3: Normalize the database
a. While the initial ERD is accurate, if you design a database without deviating from it, you will
encounter problems. For example, a course is offered many times. If you use the course code, for
example BIS245, as the primary key, you will only be able to list the course once. There are three
possible solutions.
1. Assign another primary key, such as an auto–number field, so that the course can be listed
multiple times. However, this is not acceptable because it introduces redundancy rather than
reducing it.
2. Use a composite primary key consisting of the

Outline Of A Business Rules
PART A 1. Business rules: 1. ABS has donation centers in all major cities and each capital city
throughout Australia. 2. Details of each donor must be recorded by the ABS staff It is the
responsibility of each ABS staff to record all the details of donors 3. Each ABS staff member will
have unique id, first name, last name. This represents that particular person is an ABS staff member
4. Each donor will have unique id, first name, last name, gender, date of birth, address, phone
number. This states that, the person who is going to donate blood should submit his/her whole
details. 5. Each donor must specify his/her medical conditions. Medical conditions means whether
he/she is perfectly alright or suffering from any disease. 6. Each donor ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
12. ABS staff must decide which donation must be taken. This is to make sure that donor is healthy
and not effected by any disease. 13. Staff member must record the details of donor and details of the
patient. This is to check that donor's group is matching to patient's group or not. 14. Staff member
must state which staff member taking the donation and ABS donation centre. 15. ABS staff needs to
know the blood group of the donor, age , date and time of the donation. 2. 3. 4. 5. a) b) PART B
Creating an RDM Identifying the Attributes and creating RDM for each table For ABS_STAFF
Table ABS_STAFF (staff_id, staff_name, staff_title, staff_gender, address_id, centre_id) Primary
key (staff_id) Foreign key address_id references ADDRESS table Foreign key centre_id references
ABS_CENTRE table For ABS_CENTRE Table ABS_CENTRE (centre_id, centre_name,
no_of_staff, address_id) Primary key (centre_id) Foreign key address_id references ADDRESS
table For ADDRESS Table ADDRESS (address_id, street_num, street_name, phone_num,
state_name, capital, pin_code) Primary key (address_id) For ABS_QUALIFICATION Table
ABS_QUALIFICATION (qual_id, qual_name, qual_type) Primary key (qual_id) For
STAFF_QUALIFICATION Table STAFF_QUALIFICATION (staff_qual_id, qual_id, staff_id)
Primary key (staff_qual_id) Foreign key qual_id

Workshop 8 Questions
300585 – Systems Analysis & Design
Workshop 8
Workshops will run to cover the practical aspects of the topic each week with two workshop case
studies that runs across the whole semester and some other examples time to time. The workshop
runs in two parts 

Workshop slides
Workshop questions o This document contains two parts o Part A contains two case studies and
questions that are to be done in workshop with the help of tutor (to be done in Group of 2 students).
Task 1 of this part would always refer to
Willow brook Case study and rest of the tasks may relate to a continuous (UWS Transport
Management System) or some additional case studies o Part B contains questions and tasks related
to case studies that individual students need
to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The entities are account, customer and transaction
The customer:
has a name and customer id (the primary key)
can have one and only one account linked
The account:
has a balance
can have zero or more transactions
The transaction:
has an amount and a date
can involve only one account
Question
Create an ERD for the UWS Transport Management information system with relationships and
cardinalities Part B: Portfolio exercises to be included in Portfolio submissions
Please note that Task1 of Part B is a continuing case study
Task 1
On the Spot Courier Services
As On the Spot Courier Services continues to grow, Bill discovers that he can provide much better
services to his customers if he utilizes some of the technology that is currently available.
Bill is now thinking his process flow for his same day delivery system and how it is tracked. The

following is his explanation:
This involves use of an RFID device known as sapphire to scan bar code of each shipment at
customer site and thereafter download the data stored in the sapphire to the computer server in the
office. Consequently, the various means of checking the status of shipment includes web based
tracking using a unique bill number and use of mobile SMS where a customer sends an SMS to a
particular telephone number and the details of the shipment sent as a reply after few minutes.
Telephone

Normalization Is A Process Of A Composite Primary Key For...
Normalization is a process in the database design process which is done to ensure that the right data
is in the right table. It helps to overcome the update problems. There are various forms of
normalization namely 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, 4NF and 5NF. Another type of normalization is BCNF. 1NF
ensures that there are no multi–valued attributes in any table. 2NF is used to eliminate any partial
dependencies and ensure that all non–key columns depend on the entire primary key. I have used an
auto–incremental system assigned key to serve as a primary key for all the tables. Hence the primary
key can be modified if it is entered incorrectly or needs to be changed. This also helps to uniquely
identify each row in all the tables and avoids the use of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In the department table, department id being the primary key needs to be unique, but a department
could have more than one product. Hence I gave a system assigned primary key to the department
table. Now, it leads to transitive dependencies as department name was determined by department id
and did not depend on the primary key. Hence to bring the table to 3NF I made a separate
department table and added a junction table to link product and department. (3) The employee table
had a start and end date. This did not cater to the face that multiple employs could have the same
start and end date and also an employee could resign and join again. Also, the salary could change
depending on his tenure. To address this and get the table to 1NF, I made a separate entity for
employee tenure making employee id as the foreign key linking the employee table. (4) The order
table had a primary key order id and columns for state and tax. The tax was dependent on non–key
column state and hence the table violated 3NF. Hence I separated the state and tax columns in a
separate column and linked it to the orders table. (5) The order table initially was designed to
include billing. With the provision of a bill to be cleared in multiple transactions the billing could
have multiple values and hence was made a separate entity to bring it to 1NF. The new billing table
also has various columns for billing date,

Kroenke Ch2 Solutions Essay
Chapter 3 and 4 and Relational Algebra Chapter 3: 1. Consider the relation (20 points): PERSON_2
(Name, Sibling, Shoe_Size, Hobby) Assume that the following functional dependencies exist: Name
 Sibling Name  Shoe_Size Name  Hobby a. Describe deletion, modification, and insertion
anomalies for this relation. Consider the following relation: Name Sibling Shoe_Size Hobby Jones
Fred E Model boats Jones Fred E Scuba Diving Jones Sally E Model boats Jones Sally E Scuba
Diving Jones Frank E Model boats Jones Frank E Scuba Diving Greene Nikki B Embroidery Chau
Jonathan C Scuba diving Chau Eileen C Scuba diving Deletion anomaly: If a Name drops a Hobby,
one line must be deleted for each Sibling. For example, if ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Assume that students can have multiple nicknames. a. State any multivalued dependencies. We will
assume that Number  Name where name is not unique (i.e., there may be more than one "John
Smith", each with a different student number). Then the multivalued dependencies are: Number 
Sibling Number  Nickname Note: We can not assume that Name  Nickname because Name
is not unique. For example, one John Smith may have the nickname "Johnny" while another John
Smith has the nickname "Joe". If Name  Nickname then John Smith  ("Johnny", "Joe")
which means that both nicknames apply to both John Smiths. But this is not the case – each John
Smith has only one nickname, and they are not the same. b. State the functional dependencies. We
will assume that Number  Name where name is not unique (i.e., there may be more than one "John
Smith", each with a different student number). Then the functional dependencies are: Number 
Name Number  Dorm Number  RoomType RoomType  DormCost Note: This assumes that
only RoomType  DormCost – that is, the cost of a certain type of dorm room is the same no matter
what dorm the student is living in. An alternate assumption would be that (Dorm, RoomType) 
DormCost, where the cost of the type of dorm room varies form dorm to dorm. c. Transform this
table into two or more tables such that each table is

Multidimensional Data Model
A MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA MODEL
Data warehouses and OLAP tools are based on a multidimensional data model. This model views
data in the form of a data cube.
FROM TABLES TO DATA CUBES
What is a data cube?
A data cube allows data to be modeled and viewed in multiple dimensions. It is defined by
dimensions and facts.
In general terms, dimensions are the perspectives or entities with respect to which an organization
wants to keep records. Each dimension may have a table associated with it, called a dimension table,
which further describes the dimension.
Facts are numerical measures. The fact table contains the names of the facts, or measures, as well as
keys to each of the related dimension tables.
Example:
2–D representation, the sales ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fact constellation:
Sophisticated applications may require multiple fact tables to share dimension tables. This kind of
schema can be viewed as a collection of stars, and hence is called a galaxy schema or a fact
constellation.
Fact constellation schema of a data warehouse for sales and shipping
This schema species two fact tables, sales and shipping. The sales table definition is identical to that
of the star schema. A fact constellation schema allows dimension tables to be shared between fact
tables.
In data warehousing, there is a distinction between a data warehouse and a data mart. A data
warehouse collects information about subjects that span the entire organization, such as customers,
items, sales, assets, and personnel, and thus its scope is enterprise–wide. For data warehouses, the
fact constellation schema are commonly used since it can model multiple, interrelated subjects.
A data mart, on the other hand, is a department subset of the data warehouse that focuses on selected
subjects, and thus its scope is department–wide. For data marts, the star or snowflake schemas are
popular since each are geared towards modeling single subjects.
Examples for defining star, snowflake, and fact constellation schemas
In DMQL, The following are the syntax to define the Star, Snowflake, and Fact constellation
Schemas:

MEASURES:

Database Plan for Riordan Manufacturing Material Ordering
Learning Team C
Database Plan for Riordan Manufacturing Material Ordering
Kishan Bhagan
Amir Bashir
Eric Berger
Shawn Chandler
Debra Hanzlik
University of Phoenix
DBM 500
October 22, 2006
Facilitator: Dr. Gary Page
Table of Contents
Introduction
Database Plan Description
Database Plan Purpose
Project Plan
E–R Diagrams
A Description of the Normalization of the Database
UML Diagrams
Class Diagram
Use Case
Sequence Diagram
Database Administration Plan
Disaster Recovery Plan
Risk Assessment – Impact

Communication Plan – Roles and Responsibilities
Prevention Plan
Implementation Plan
Disaster Recovery Process Introduction
This manual defines the comprehensive database plan for Riordan ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For the first normal form stage to be reached, there are a few requirements that must be met. First,
the database attributes will be checked to make sure that all the key attributes have been included
within the entities. Second, each cell will contain only one value and not a group of values. A cell is
the intersection between the columns and rows. Third, all of the key attributes that have been
defined should be dependent on the primary key. The Riordan Manufacturing database entities
contains all of the necessary attributes for each entity and each of these attributes are dependent on
the primary key and each cell only contains one value. The Riordan Manufacturing database is in
first normal form.
For the second normal form stage to be reached, there are only two requirements that will need to be
satisfied. One of these is that the database must already be in the first normal form. The other
requirement is that the database must not include any partial dependencies. All of the attributes have
to be dependent on the whole primary key. The Riordan Manufacturing database is in second normal
form since there are no partial dependencies.
For the third normal form stage to be reached, there are again only two requirements that must be
satisfied. The first one is that the database must already be in the second normal

Relational Database Management System
Relational Database Management System is a database where data is represented as a set of relations
in which data is stored. RDBSM is the basic for SQL. RDBSM contains a table (Is where the data of
RDBMS is stored in) and the table contains a field (It is the smaller pieces of the table/ attributes of
the table.), records (Also known as a row. It is a single entry in the table. It lies horizontally on the
table) and columns (Columns lie vertical on the table. It contains all of the information related to a
single field/ attribute). Constraints (Rules) can be enforced on a RDBSM. Example: Unique
constraint (To ensure that all the data in a column is of different values), Not Null constraints (Set in
place to ensure that a columns cannot have a null value), Primary key (Ensures uniquely identified
records in a table), Foreign key (Ensures that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Enables network access: this gives the user the advantage by connecting to the database via as server
daemon (A piece of software that executes background tasks, like filtering in this instance). It
provides the advantage to be connected to the database without logging in through a physical
computer. Because you need to connect to a network, it provides additional security for the network.
Multiple user access: this ensures that multiple users can connect to the database simultaneously.
Transaction management enables the users to manipulate/ update/ alter the data all at the same time
without causing the database to crash.
Maintenance: RDBMS contains maintenance facilities that give the database administrator the
means to fix, backup and maintain the database.
Enables the user to use SQL (Structured Query language): SQL's format is easy to learn and to use.
It uses simple English terms to submit

Data Warehouse ( Dw Of Dwh )

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