Analysis Of Famine Testimony And Stalin's Rule In Ukraine

Analysis Of Famine Testimony Of Tatiana Paichka, By Joseph...
During Stalin's rule, he has been the sole responsibility for killing many of the USSR citizens trying
to reach his expectations on his view of the country. The horrible tragedies that have occurred during
Stalin's rule was to create a totalitarian government, that would create an unjust view on society, and
make the people of the USSR not be seen as the most important aspect of the country. The people
had to face the Famine and be at risk of getting killed if they opposed the rule of Stalin, which
resulted in the Great Purge. Stalin would gain profit from collective farms and was seen as a
betrayal to the people. The methods taken by Stalin resulted in people of the USSR to be uneasy and
lose the trust of the citizens. The reason of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The civilians of the country had to face the famine, a shortage of food, because they were urged to
work in farms, but did not have the opportunity to gain profit or food from their hard work. The
result of this caused the working–class to not be motivated and forced to continue their work for the
country. In the source titled, "Famine Testimony of Tatiana Pawlichka," it writes " After the harvest,
the villagers tried to go out in the fields to look for the grain left behind by the harvest; the
communists would arrest them and shoot them, and send them to Siberia"(Famine Testimony of
Tatiana Pawlichka). The author describes how desperate the peasants were in trying to be able to get
food from the field and the consequences they had to face. The method used by Stalin to not be seen
as an unjust ruler, in and out of the country, is by using propaganda. He will provide false
information of the working–class, but it would not be seen as a bad cause in the country, which
manipulated the minds of people. In the poster, "Shock–brigade Reaping for a Bolshevik Harvest,"
by Maria Voron it portrays the life of a lady working in a collective farm and in her facial
expressions, she appears as if she is enjoying her work. In reality, the workers did not have energy to
work, they were hungry and they were dying. This happened because Stalin did not see the civilians
of the country to be a necessity in order to be one the greatest countries in the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Why Did Joseph Stalin Rise To Power
Introduction Stalin began his rise to power early within the Bolshevik party. He was the right hand
man to Vladimir Lenin, who in all, taught Stalin everything he knew. But what Lenin and the
citizens of the Soviet Union did not know, was that, Stalin had something up his sleeve that would
devastate the Soviet Union from 1932–1938. This reign of terror, was known as the Great Terror.
During the Russian Revolution, there have been many things that have plagued the Soviet Union.
One of the major things that many citizens of the Soviet Union will never forget are Stalin and the
Great Purges. Stalin released this reign of terror not only on the "innocent men, women, and
children of the Soviet Union, but also on many members of his political groups and their followers
as well" (Dunn). "The great Purges devastated millions in the form of shootings, labor camps, and
starvation. At the end of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As soon as Stalin entered office, there was chaos. Stalin welcomed his rise to political power by
starting many political organizations that consisted of organizing the First Five–Year Plan in 1929.
This plan mainly focused on collectivization of the peasantry, which created a much bigger problem
for the majority of the Soviet Union. Collectivization mainly targeted the Ukraine, which was the
"breadbasket of the Soviet Union" (Kort, 205). In fact, collectivization spiraled out of control,
causing "60 percent of the Soviet Union's peasants–about 15 million households totaling 70 million
people–had been forced from their homes into collective farms" (Kort,204). Stalin, being the smart
and conniving man that he was, managed to shift the blame of what he had created on others in his
political party. "By 1932, two–thirds of all peasants were collectivized; by 1936, the total rose to an
all–time high of 90 percent. Stalin and the Soviet State seemed to have won the collectivization war"

Effects Of Industrialization On Russia
Both Collectivisation and Industrialisation had profound effects on the Russian economy and Soviet
Society. The introduction of the 5 year plans proved to be a successor for national economic growth,
establishing a war economy. Hence, it's effects on Soviet society is debatable. It provided a shift in
populations, creating jobs and alterations in the workforce; Though it provided devastating living
conditions, which had appalling consequences.
Russian politics were dominated by a struggle over power within the Communist Party–central to
this debate was the question of economic growth. From its earliest days the dilemma was how best
to juggle the pressure for industrial growth against the demands of the peasantry, most of whom
sought only the freedom to produce their crops and tend their animals. Stalin argued that the Soviet
Union would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite good harvests in the late 1920s there were severe food shortages in the cities which Stalin
blamed on the rich peasant class, the Kulaks, for hoarding their grain, because government prices
were too low. The kulaks in particular were victimised. Their land, livestock and tools were taken
and given to nearby collectives, and the Kulaks themselves were deported or sent to labour camps.
The result of these changes was a precipitous decline in agricultural production, grating mass food
shortages. The number of sheep and goats in Russia fell from 146 million in 1928 to 42 million in
1933. Cattle numbers fell from 70 million to 34 million over the same period. The amount of grain
produced also fell. In a similar sense, the amount of grain decreased from 73.3 to 69.6 millions of
tones during the period 1928 to 1932. Collectivisation led to despair among the peasants. In many
areas they simply stopped producing, either as an act of desperate resistance or through sheer
inability to adapt to the violently enforced land

An Analysis Of Gregory Stanton's Eight Stages Of The...
American politician, Tim Walz, said, "You have to understand what caused genocide to happen. Or
it will happen again"(Tim). The Ukraine genocide went through almost all of the stages and not
many people realized that. The Ukraine Genocide is considered a genocide because it meets three of
the five parts of the United Nations definitions of genocide, and it went through all of Gregory
Stanton's eight stages of genocide
According to the Chambers Dictionary, "genocide is the deliberate extermination of racial, or ethnic
group"(Definition). For example, if people were trying to kill all of the black people it would be
considered a genocide because they are an ethnic group. Genocide always has mass killings. The
1948(Genocide1932) genocide convention says that countries who signed ... Show more content on
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He was pushing for collectivization. He was breaking up the Kulaks, which meant he was making
their life harder than it was. In 1928(CITE) he raised taxes for Kulaks. The government was
demanding impossible quotas of grain from the Kulaks. Stalin raised grain production by forty–four
percent.
Ninety present(CITE) of the people didn't agree with Stalin's ideas. He was crushing people's free
spirit. Stalin would kill peasants because he thought they were a threat to his ideas and that they
were leaders of a revolt. The USSR was taking valuable things from families. Food storages were
hunted down and destroyed. If you were caught stealing, you were starved or killed.
In the actual genocide Stalin's plan was to deliberately stave the nation. In 1928(CITE) communism
failed to spread. He transformed the USSR from a rural society to an industrial power. Not only
Stalin was killing them, a drought killed many because of starvation. This genocide was considered
one of the world's most heinous acts of genocide. Stalin's act was to levy crippling quotas. Soviets
blamed Ukrainians and denied that it ever

Holodomor: The Eight Stages Of Genocide
¬¬Marissa Bracey
World History and Voices
Ms. Phillips & Mr. Cline
May 5, 2015
Holodomor: The Eight stages of Genocide
Genocide is a term that was created in 1944 to describe violence against a specific ethnical, racial,
national, or religious group with the intent to destroy or wipe out that entire group. This is an
unfortunate event that has caused millions of casualties and left even more in grief. The famine–
genocide of Ukraine took place over the span of 16 long years, killing over 7 million farmers and
families, over one third of the lives lost were children. Joseph Stalin is to blame for the horrors
caused in Ukraine, his communist ways and power hungry drive allowed him to force millions of
farmers out of their land and into poverty. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When extremists attempt to intensify divisions between groups, the government usually begins
attacks, violent actions, and takes drastic measures. In the situation of Holodomor, a large amount of
Ukraine's religious, political, and intellectual leaders were arrested, tortured, and often murdered in
order to remove any dangerous opposition. By taking these actions, Stalin polarized the Ukrainian
population, separating the Ukrainian working class from the peasants. Stalin also began removing a
large amount of the population out of Ukraine, and into harsh survivable lands such as Siberia and
labor camps, these settings were referred to as a "Dump site" where the main purpose was to
eliminate the farmers and keep rotting bodies out of

How Did Joseph Stalin Rise To Power
Stalin became a paid agitator, trying to incite revolt against the czar. He edited illegal pamphlets and
helped distribute them secretly. He organized strikes among the factory workers in Tiflis. His ability
won the attention of party leaders, and they sent him to form a Communist organization in Batumi, a
large port on the Black Sea. His revolutionist activities brought his first arrest, in 1902. He was
exiled to Siberia in 1903 but soon escaped. From 1902 to 1913 Stalin was arrested and exiled six
times. He escaped five times and was released once. During the civil war that followed the
revolution Stalin served as political commissar with Bolshevik armies on several fronts. At that time
political commissars were entrusted with military duties, and Stalin showed exceptional ability as a
strategist and tactician. In 1918 he directed the successful defense of vital Tsaritsyn against the
White Army. In 1921 Stalin led the invasion that won his homeland, Georgia, for the Communists.
The next year Stalin became general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party. As
Lenin's trusted aide, Stalin methodically assumed increasing power. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He declared, “We are 50 to 100 years behind advanced countries. We must cover this distance in 10
years.” Stalin ordered the collectivization of farms. When peasants resisted, he ordered the state to
seize their land and possessions. Well–to–do farmers, called kulaks, especially resented
collectivization. Determined to root out all opposition, Stalin showed no mercy to the rebellious
kulaks. In 1932–/33 he created a famine in Ukraine and liquidated some 3 million kulaks through
death by

Why Was Collectivisation
How significant was collectivisation in Russia up to 1940?
Collectivisation is debatably Stalin's most important policy and the pinnacle of Communism.
Causing drastic changes for the Russian people, it could be argued that collectivisation was very
significant in Russia up to 1940. It was a successful tool used to reaffirm Stalin's power and spread
Socialism; it fueled industrialism, turning Russia into a global superpower once more; but most
tragically, could be named the greatest agricultural and social disaster ever experienced in Russia.
However others may argue that collectivisation was extraneous: industrialisation was the main cause
of Russia's rising power; production did not increase; and it was the Great Purges and shows trials
that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was the greatest social disaster to have hit Russian peasants, making it highly significant. During
the period of collectivisation, grain production levels were at their lowest, taking 25 years to achieve
pre–collectivisation era levels, however, in order to improve the economy, grain procurement levels
were unrealistically high. This generated a widespread famine and violence in rural Russia. Violence
levels rocketed as riots against collectivisation broke out all over the countryside. Many were
shocked by the mass slaughter and human misery that it had brought about. It is estimated that a
staggering 10–15 million people died of hunger and violence during the years of collectivisation;
this number alone highlights the significance of collectivisation. Furthermore, the famine increased
as the Soviet government procured grain only for the sake of doing so. In Ukraine, millions were left
to starve in what became known as the 'Black Famine' as the government rooted out hidden stocks
of grain, only to have them rot in warehouses. The situation was not helped by the elimination of
kulaks either; the farming expertise had been purged, thus, there was no one to pull the peasants out
of starvation. Hence, collectivisation was highly significant as it resulted in a prodigious number of
deaths, and agriculturally, was a terrible

Hitler Vs Stalin Essay
Though World War II was a horrible war with cruel leaders, these cruel leaders were very powerful
and successful. Perhaps two of the most notable leaders during World War II were Adolf Hitler,
leader of the Nazi Party, and Joseph Stalin, dictator of the Soviet Union. These two leaders had their
differences in opinions, especially when it came to politics. Hitler was an extreme nationalist while
Stalin was a communist leader. Though they had their differences, Hitler and Stalin had the same
view on how to treat their citizens. Hitler had the concentration camps and Holocaust, and Stalin had
the Gulags, labor camps for kulaks, and purges of his party. Another thing these two dictators were
similar in was goals of their governments. Hitler wanted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Hitler and Stalin were no exceptions. Stalin wanted to reestablish the Roman Empire. To help
accomplish that, he wanted collectivization of agricultural land. He also wanted industrialization and
de–kulakization, the ridding of the Soviet Union of kulaks (Ellis, Esler, 543). Hitler wanted to unite
Germany and its people to create a great, German state. He also wanted a pure, Aryan race. In
addition to that, he wanted to end reparations, create jobs, and create free health care (Ellis, Esler,
552). The only differences in these goals was Stalin's wish for the Roman Empire to be rebuilt and
Hitler's was to unite Germany. Other than that, the leader's goals were fairly alike. Both wanted to
create jobs and rid their people of a certain race or group of people. Though these leaders seem to be
opposites at first glance, Hitler and Stalin weren't that different after all.
Though Hitler and Stalin disagreed on the political aspects of government, they agreed on the
treatment of citizens and goals of the government. Both were powerful, cruel dictators with large
governments. Their differences in politics were the difference in the best type of government. Both
leaders wanted to get rid of a certain group of people. They also had labor camps to help manage the
number of people in the unwanted race. Though at times these leaders might have seemed extreme,
they were very powerful and respected by their

Collectivization: Collectivization means “The setting up...
Collectivization: Collectivization means "The setting up of farms operated by groups of people who
sell the produce to the state and share the money."
Stalin was essentially determined to 'modernize' Soviet agriculture, that is, the farmland, and so he
introduced a policy of collectivization to do so. Essentially, the issue that founded the
collectivization was that Soviet peasants were somewhat 'old–fashioned'. They used inefficient
farming methods, and were not manufacturing enough food for the workers in the city. Stalin
believed that collectivization had to occur because the USSR had plans to industrialize in the future.
Thus, the farming had to be amended and developed as more workers would have to be fed,
peasants were needed as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"But those who had joined by the Kolkhoz and individual famers killed their stock. Bulls, sheep,
pigs, and even cows were slaughtered. Young and old suffered from stomach ache. At dinner times
tables groaned under boiled and roasted meat." – From Virgin Soil Upturned, a novel by Mikhail
Sholokov written in 1934.
Success: The Russian collectivization was both a success and a failure. Some critics argue that it
failed to increase agricultural output, and others that it succeeded. E.g the Extract from Nigel Kelly,
Russia and te USSR, 1996.
"Collectivization was ultimately a success at enormous costs to the Soviet people."
Nevertheless, all critics agree on the fact that collectivization essentially improved the
industrialization. This is because less work in the country resulted in approximately 20 million
Russians moving to the city for jobs from 1936 to 1939.
Industrialization: Industrialization refers to "The growth of industry – especially heavy industries
such as coal, engineering oil and iron and steel."
Stalin's motivations lay in the fact that he was determined to modernize the Soviet Industry. He
wanted to transform the USSR from a backward, agricultural country, to a much more modern,
industrial one. His reasoning lay in the fact that 1. He believed the USSR was likely to be attacked
by Western Capitalist states and that it would be defeated (unless modernized.) 2. By producing and
distributing wealth among the Soviet people, he

Who Was Joseph Stalin A Hero Essay
In the eyes of an overwhelming majority of mankind, freedom is an irrefutable right. An
unmeasurable amount of people has chosen to potentially sacrifice their lives if only for the off–
chance of being freed. At the dawn of the 20th century, Russia had finally slipped through the
shackles put forth by the czarist autocracy. The feeling of liberation brought a spark in what
appeared to be a labyrinthine tunnel invariably plagued with darkness. However, this spark was
unable to be kindled into a fire as Vladimir Lenin of the Bolshevik Party quickly extinguished what
could have been a democracy.
However, Lenin appears to be a hero when juxtaposed with his successor Joseph Stalin. While Lenin
extinguished the spark, Stalin punished anyone that even had the audacity to think of lighting a
match. Stalin had smashed the delicate glass of civilization, shattering it in such a way where some
shards are still beyond the point of repair.
In his youth, Stalin often endured harsh treatment from his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
By the time anyone realized the impact his actions would have on the government, it was beyond the
point where anyone was in the position to speak up. Even Lenin was too gravely ill to stop Stalin's
thirst for power that is unable to be satiated ("Joseph Stalin" Student Resources in Context).
In his late years, Lenin made attempts in vain to prevent Stalin's rise to power, expressing his great
disappointment in what Stalin had become ("Vladimir Lenin" Bio). However, Stalin managed to
bury the Lenin's writings underneath a gargantuan pile of lies and deceit once Lenin died. With that,
a once quixotically concocted dream Stalin once had as a child had become

Stalin Dbq
In 1917, Russia was crumbling into pieces. The World War I was draining all of Russia's resources.
There was shortage of food throughout the country, which left people starving. At the battlefront,
millions of Russian soldiers were dying, they did not possess many of the powerful weapons that
their opponents had. The government under Czar Nicholas II was disintegrating, and a provisional
government had been set up. In November of 1917, Lenin and his communist followers known as
the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government and set a communist government in Russia.
However, in 1924, Lenin died and Josef Stalin assumed leadership of the Soviet Union, which was
the name for the communist Russia. Stalin was a ruthless leader who brought ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In his speech, Stalin also mentions that kulaks, which were wealthy peasants, must be eliminated as
a class. (Document 3) In this speech Stalin explained that agriculture must change in order to feed
the growing population of industrial workers. The collective farms would receive the needed
modern technology and scientific equipment, and it would all result in increased food production.
Stalin made clear that the kulaks must be driven out in order for the plan to be successful. Once
again, Stalin is using the power of speech to gain support for his collectivization plan. An excerpt
from A History Civilization describes the horrific effects of Stalin's collectivization. Stalin began
deporting the capitalistic farmers (kulaks) to forced labor camps or Siberia, and peasants were being
machine–gunned into submission. Peasants slaughtered huge amounts of horses, cattle, sheep and
goats, burned crops and broke plows in desperate revolts. The amount of Russian livestock lost due
to collectivization was immense. (Document 4) It is true that Stalin's rule positively affected Russia,
after all, the Soviet Union did become a major military superpower under his government, and the
economy also thrived. However, to fulfill these achievements Stalin acted as a harsh and cruel
dictator. He ruthlessly killed people who opposed his form of government in his Great Purges. And
his execution countless kulaks cannot be forgiven. Instead of protecting

Joseph Stalin's Forced Famine
Joseph Stalin is known to be "one of the most powerful and murderous dictators in history"
(bbc.co.uk). Stalin became general secretary of the Communist Party, which had given him the
control that he had been looking for (bbc.co.uk). Soon after, he was granted dictatorship of the
Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenin had died (historyplace.com). Many people did not like the way
that Stalin was ruling. People wanted their own independence from Stalin and he did not take that
very well. In 1929, Stalin had believed that many Ukrainian scholars, scientists, religious leaders,
etc. were planning a riot against him. Without even being listened to during a trial, they were killed
or deported immediately to prison camps (blogspot.com). The ... Show more content on
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Dehumanization is when one group contradicts the human race of someone else. The group that is
denied humanity is the Kulaks. These people stood up for themselves because they did not want to
have collective farming. The Kulaks were standing up for themselves and because they went against
Stalin they were punished for their actions. When Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union, he
made a rule saying that no one was allowed to speak against his orders. Because of Kulaks refused
the collective farming Stalin took their identities from them. Animals were fed but people were not.
The Kulaks were not allowed to eat and were starved to death. Feeding the animals that these people
owned over themselves showed that Stalin considered that these people were lower than their own
animals (unitedhumansrights.org).
Before Stalin started killing the Kulaks from starvation, it all had to be thought out and organized.
Genocides were always planned by the state in which the genocide was occurring. 25,000
communists came from Russia to organize collective farming (faminegenocide.com). There was also
secret police and they were sent into trying to get different people to join their side. They would
terrorize most of them and make them unite into one big assembly. After scaring and threatening
most of them, the majority still stuck up for the Kulaks (faminegenocide.com).
The victims, the Kulaks, were separated from the others because they were the people whom

The following are equally important reasons why Stalin was...
The following are equally important reasons why Stalin was able to hold onto power in the Soviet
Union:
The purges and show trials
The secret police
Propaganda and the cult of personality
Stalin's economic policies.
Explain how far you agree with this statement.
Stalin used to methods to hold onto power in the Soviet Union these were fear / coercion and
persuasion / consent. If people were not persuaded by Stalin's personality and economic policies
they would be scared into supporting him.
From the outset Stalin was particularly aware of his image and the importance and power of
propaganda. He came to power partly as a result of his creation of a cult of 'Leninism' and by ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An example was the first of the great show trials where sixteen 'old Bolsheviks' and hero's of the
civil war including Kamenev and Zinoveiv were but on trial accused of being directly responsible
for the assassination of Kirov, a popular leading Communist, in 1934. Although Historians believe it
is more likely that Stalin was responsible for the murder and extremely unlikely that Zinoveiv or
Kamenev had anything to do with it. They all confessed to their crimes.
Stalin propagated an image of himself as the father / protector of the nation with posters and statues
of himself in many Russian town and cities. He also ruthlessly controlled the media to ensure that
the Russian people were only given such information as he saw fit. An example of this is the fact
that Trotsky's vehement criticisms of Stalin from the various countries he lived in abroad were kept
from the Russia people and indeed Trotsky who had been true hero of the revolution was blamed by
Stalin for much of Russia's problems at the time. Trotsky is also a good example of Stalin's use of
terror when propaganda alone would not succeed since ultimately unable to silence Trotsky in
another way Stalin had him assassinated.

In the same way Stalin could not bear any challenges to his authority and

How Far Do You Agree That the Collectivisation of...
How far do you agree that the collectivisation of agriculture made an essential contribution to
Stalin's transformation of the Russian economy? To a greater extent, I do agree that collectivisation
was an essential contribution to stalin's transformation of the economy, for example, it helped
increase production and with it came the increase in industrialisation. Although there were many
clear failures with collectivisation, in purely economic terms, it was mainly successful. However, I
also think, that to a certain extent, it was other factors such as the 3 5 year plans that helped
transform the economy. Collectivisation was the process by which Russian agriculture was
reformed, small farm were merged into larger units, in hope of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Between 9.5 million and 10 million people were exiled due to dekulakisation. The kulaks were
however the most talented of the farmers and with rapid liquidation of their kind, Stalin was in fact
decreasing the efficiency of production. Others who were afraid of being labelled kulak and being
handed the same fate, began to get rid of the new and best technologies in order to come across less
like them. Figures show that grain harvests did in fact decrease, in 1928, they stood at 73.3 million
tons whereas in 1924 they had decreased to 67.6 million tons. As well as this, peasants were being
forced to meet unrealistic targets with little or no rewards. They no longer owned the land they
worked on, or could sell the food they produced in order to gain profits to cover the production
costs. This created resentment towards the government, rather than the joint revolutionary spirit
Stalin had wished to conjure. Instead peasants began killing cattle and other livestock to prevent
them from having to be turned over to the state, instead of increasing productivity this naturally
stunted economic growth. Cattle, pigs, sheep and goats all decreased, for example, cattle herds
decreased from 70.5 million head to 42.4 million head in 1934. Although collectivisation does show
clear beneficial factors that contributed to Stalin's transformation of the Russian economy, there
were also other factors which

In Douglas Tottle's Fraud, Famine And Fascism
Five–year plan that ravaged the kulaks and peasant class and lead them into the famine that would
claim millions of lives. Dekulakization can be defined as the political repressions, including arrests,
deportations and executions of millions of the better off peasants and their families in 1929–1932.
Kulak was a term to refer to the richer peasant class that owned land and opposed collectivization.
This was Stalin's way of effectively getting rid of anyone who opposed his ideas. In May of 1929
the Council of People's Commissars produced a formal definition of a kulak. "The term 'kulak' was
defined broadly and included not only kulaks (an ambiguous term to start with) but (using the
parlance of the day) active white guards, former bandits, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Tottle's book shows the level of denial and the layers of arguments and misdirection the Soviets and
communists in general used to deny the existence of the genocide. It is hard to believe that any
group could keep this kind of death in such great numbers quiet for as long as they were able to.
Even with eye witness testimonies and stories of the famine, the truth didn't come out until
December of 1987. Survivors of genocide like Miron Dolot had to live with the truth while pro–
Communists like Tottle denied the very nightmare that was Dolot's reality. In his book Execution by
Hunger: The Hidden Holocaust, Dolot describes what his Ukrainian village was like after Stalin's
policies of collectivization and dekulakization had ravished the people. Starvation in our village now
reached a point at which death was a desirable relief. Many houses around us had already been
standing for a long time with no signs of life. As the snow slowly melted away human corpses were
exposed to view everywhere: in backyards, roads, in fields. As the weather warmed, they started to
thaw and decay. The stench which resulted plagued us, and we could do nothing about it. The
villagers who survived were unable to bury the dead and no one on the outside seemed in a hurry to
do it, so the bodies where left wherever they happened to

The Death Of The Soviet Republic
The Holodomor refers to faime disaster in the Ukraine From 1932 to 1933. Holodomor translates to
"death by hunger", it resulted in the starvation and eventual death of millions of Ukraine people. It is
considered a genocide by 25 countries, and the United Nations. This was the direct result of Joseph
Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Republic, who wanted to diminish Ukrainian nationalism, and control
the grain production of Soviets. This was done successfully by the process of collectivisation, and
intentional starvation of his people. This calamity was entirely preventable, as food was being
produced, but only used to export, leaving the people of the Ukraine starving. Although it only
lasted a few years this genocide left effects on the Ukraine that are still seen today. This catastrophe
broke several human rights laws, by depriving Ukrainians of a standard living, freedom of religion,
and their property.
The circumstances prior to the 1930s, led one of the most catastrophic famines in history. By the
early 20th century, the Ukraine had been govern by the Russian czars for over 200 years. When the
rule of the czars failed in 1917, it was soon after that the Ukraine announced itself an independent
republic, with Kiev as its capital. However, only a few months later with the newly formed Soviet
Union, Vladimir Lenin seeked to regain the Ukraine. This led to several years of fighting, amongst
Lenin's Red Army and Ukrainian troops. By 1921, the Soviet Union had regained

To What Extent Was Stalin‚Äôs Collectivization Successful?
Plan of investigation
This investigation seeks to evaluate the extend of the success of Stalin's collectivization in Russia
during 1928 and 1940.Collectivization was one of the most important economic policies introduced
in Russia because it can be described and evaluated from different angles, economic growth on the
one hand,and the social cost of the policy,on the other. The main body of this investigation outlines
Stalin's aims, when and how the policy was implemented and whether it was a successful policy or
not. To achieve my aim, I am going to consult a series of sources and later analyse them by doing an
overall evaluation. I will use primary and secondary sources. Two of the five sources used in this
research, "Dr Kiselev's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evaluation of sources
The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror–Famine was published in 1986 and
was writen by Robert Conquest, a British historian and veteran of World War Two. Conquest
became well–know as writer and researcher on the Soviet Union with the publication of his book
"The Great Terror" in 1968. His stated purpose for this book was " to register in the public
consciousness of the West a knowledge of and feeling for major events, envolving millions of
people and millions of deaths, which took place within living memory" . The value of this book is
related to the date of publication. His viewpoint has the advantage of time and hindsight and should
be more balanced. The limitations are that it may not be totally objective. It has been written in 1968
and is a compilation of other material, which means that a selection process has taken place, which
may have omitted other details. It is not written by any single person, or there is no way of
determing this. What's more, his opinion on collectivization ca be influence by who he was. In 1937,
Robert Conquest joined the Communist Party in Oxford. At the end of the Second World War, he
witnessed the gradual rise of Soviet Communism in Bulgaria, becoming completely disillusioned
with communist ideas in the process. After leaving the country in 1948, Conquest then joined the

Stalin 's Success And Failures Of Collectivization
Stalin's launch for collectivization marked the beginning of what was often described as a third
Russian Revolution (Davies, 1980). The threat of war in 1927 alongside a grain crisis in 1928
influenced Stalin's collectivization ideas to turn into actions. This essay will discuss Stalin's drive
for this launch. It will cover both economic and political reasons as well as the effects it had on
peasants and the overall Soviet state. The successes and failures of collectivization will be compared
in the short–term and long–term. It will also go over whether a different approach would have given
better, more efficient results. A statement of why this launch was not necessary will conclude this
essay. Following the first signs of a possible threat of war from Britain in the Spring of 1927, the
divide between Stalin and Bukharin in the Bolshevik party became more clear. In response to the
cease of preexisting relations between the British police and USSR as well as the bomb planted in
Leningrad that was traced back to British intelligence, Stalin, without Bukharin's backing, opted for
rapid industrialization. The country was not only at war with the outside world, but also at war with
itself (Viola 1999: 21). Stalin responded to these threats with ideas to expand the economy, and
improve defence and industry. However, the peasants' response to war resulted in increased
consumption levels, following with a drop in grain marketings (Viola 1999: 21). Stalin accused the
peasants of

The Soviet Union Essay
At the commencement of the Soviet Union, there was a grave of food shortages; to improve the
agricultural productions; in 1921 Lenin instated the New Economic Plan (NEP). The New Economic
Plan gave the opportunity for the farmers or peasants to produce their crops for profit; in the years
that followed, some of these farmers were prosperous after the implementation of the NEP.
Unfortunately, Stalin abandoned the NEP and replaced it with the Five Year Plan, he also justified
the collectivization of Agriculture and lastly Stalin's statism had an impact on Russian History. As
previously stated, the NEP gave the opportunity for the agricultural sector to be prosperous;
however, some of the farmers such as the kulaks, had become dissatisfied due to the fact that there
were no manufacture goods for them to purchase with the profits of their crops. As a result, the
kulaks refused to sell their crops as a form of political protest. Of course their actions were not well
seen by Stalin, who accused the kulaks for the food shortages in the Soviet Union and order for the
property if any peasant who opposed the government to be confiscated.
Sometimes the provincial workers refused to sell their crops as a form of political protest. As a
consequence, several kulaks began to slaughter their livestock and destroyed their farms rather than
have the state taken over their property. Moreover, the beginning of a civil war in Russia developed
between the military and the provincial works;

Compare And Contrast Stalin And Lenin
Lenin vs Stalin
Both Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin were horrible leaders of the USSR but each do have their
positives and negatives. For instance, Lenin started off by giving proletarians (workers in general)
limited amount of freedoms but then created a new policy when the people disagreed with them.
Stalin, on the other hand, made Russia into an industrialized nation. However, this did cost lives of
millions of people by going to corrective labour camps. In my opinion, I believe that Vladimir Lenin
was the better leader.
I feel this because Lenin did have an intent to create a true communist state by having a classless
society while with Stalin, he wanted the USSR to make more money and get further industrialized.
In both cases it did

Criminal Charges Should Be Brought Against The Former...
Criminal charges should and will be brought against the former leader of the Soviet Union, Iosif
Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (also known as Joseph Stalin), born on December 18, 1879, in the
Russian peasant village of Gori, Georgia, the son of Besarion Jughashvili, a cobbler, and Ketevan
Geladze, a washerwoman. () Joseph Stalin will be charged with the following eight crimes:
Genocide – the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic
group or nation,() Politicide – a gradual but systematic attempt to exterminate an independent
political entity,() Democide – the murder of any person or people by their government, () Crimes
against Humanity – are particularly odious offences in that they constitute a serious attack on human
dignity or a grave humiliation or degradation of human beings, () Classicide – is the deliberate and
systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of a social class through persecution and violence, ()
Terror – intense, sharp, overmastering fear, () and Mass Killings – is the act of murdering many
people, typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time.() Similar charges will files
and handed down to four of Joseph Stalin's key henchman, Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich,
Genrikh Grigoryevich Yagoda, and Nikolai Yezhov, during the Ukraine Famine of 1932–1933. In
this essay we will be looking in to Joseph Stalin policies, why he developed these policies and how
his four top henchmen helped plan

The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights
Abstract In Paris, on December 10th, 1948, rising from the ashes of the events of World War II, the
United Nation's General Assembly adopted what is known as the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights. This document was drafted by several representatives with legal and cultural backgrounds
from areas all over the world. Containing 30 articles, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
addresses, what then came to be, the basic rights that all humans are inherently entitled to. Prior to
the UDHR, there was no fine line of law between nations, in relations to crimes against humanity.
Now, with this document, there is an over–arching set of laws that applies to all members of the
United Nations, regardless of specific laws within a country; ... Show more content on
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Using this punishment that Stalin enforced, he used this state of the country to benefit himself as
well. Not only did he starve his people for repercussions, but he also did it to put into play as what is
known as, his Five–Year Plan. This plan consisted of abolishing private industries, nationalizing
commerce, implementing collectivization, and imposing grain quotas. Many of Stalin's followers
and military officers, ripped people away from their homes, sending them away to work on labor
camps, executing those who refused, forcing all people to sell any food they had, and they would
even take any food that peasants owned, and eat it directly in front of them. This disturbing
genocide, or immense killing, completely goes against the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Of the 30 articles, a total of 18 of them were violated during this event; notably being articles 3, the
right to life, liberty, and personal security, 4, the freedom of slavery, 5, the freedom of torture and
degrading treatment, and 17, the right to own property.
Body
On December 12th, 1879, Joseph Stalin was born in Gori, Georgia, an area located between Europe
and Asia. He was born into an illiterate and poverty stricken family. Joseph's mother had given birth
to three children prior to him, but he was the only one to survive past infancy. Due to this, his
mother was very protective of him; his

Stalin And The Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin the prominent leader of the Soviet Union had a vision to transform the Soviet Union
into an industrialized economy. Through the works of Stalin he implemented "The Five Year Plan"
which included methods and goals that were very important in the arrival of his goal. Though, hard
labor, terror, struggle, and work was put on the peasants and kulak class that was key in Stalin's
plans to achieve a Communist society. Through the utilization of terror and repression, Stalin's Five
Year Plan transformed the Soviet Union from a peasant society into an industrialized superpower.
Before Stalin's rise to power, many people did not favor his beliefs but was able to claim his power
and dominance. Stalin was involved in many events with the Bolshevik party for 12 year before the
beginning of the Russian Revolution in 1917 which gained him military leadership roles in many
wars like the Civil War and Soviet Polish War. He was given the role as the Bolsheviks Chief
operatives and his relationship with Lenin grew very close, as Lenin admired Stalin as strong and
loyal leader. Stalin played an important role in helping engineer the 1921 Red Army Invasion of
Georgia. These connections gained him an important position as being a General Secretary on the
new Soviet government. May of 1922, Lenin suffered a stroke during his recovery in surgery which
led Stalin and Trotsky to worry about who would take over Lenin's position. Trotsky and Lenin had
more of a personal relationship,

Similarities Between The Holocaust And Holodomor
The Holocaust and the Holodomor: 8 Stages of Genocide
Genocides are classified by an eight stage process that explains the causes and identifying factors of
a genocide. Both the Holocaust and Holodomor are prime examples of genocides, and although the
eight stages of genocide are shown through both, they were implemented differently in some
aspects. The Holodomor, a genocide in the 1930's targeting Ukrainians, was similar to the Holocaust
through the stages of classification, organization, polarization, and denial, but different in the ways
of preparation, extermination, dehumanization, and symbolism.
During the Holocaust and the Holodomor, the Jews and the Ukrainians both experienced
classification and symbolization. They both experienced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Genocide is always organized and the killings planned out. Soon after the organization stage,
polarization begins, driving the groups apart and beginning an extremist regime. The "Final
Solution" was approved and planned under the rule of Adolf Hitler and implemented by the German
SS. Overall, the German SS murdered more than one million Jews (Source 3). Under the rule of
Joseph Stalin, the killing of kulaks and other peasants was organized. Starting in 1929, ten million
peasants were moved to Arctic work camps. The remaining peasants were forced into collective
farming where they were forced to meet the government's demanding grain quota (Source 1). Like
the Holocaust, government agents were trained to carry out the plans to eliminate their targeted
people group and preventing them from escaping the oppression. As the beginnings of these
genocides continued, the Jews and the Ukrainians were alienated more and more. In both genocides,
people with opposing views were deported because they were seen as a threat. In Russia, Soviet
propaganda promoted "The new Soviet man", one who idealises the Soviet's past and overlooks
Stalin's heinous crimes (source

Essay on Communism
In the beginning Communism seemed to the people of Russia as a utopian ideal. The promise of the
elimination of classes, of guaranteed employment, "The creation of a comprehensive social
security and welfare system for all citizens that would end the misery of workers once and for
all." Lenin's own interpretation of the Marxian critique was that to achieve Communism there
would first have to be a socialist dictatorship to first suppress any dissent or protest. Through
coercive tactics this new government seized power and in 1917 Lenin came to power. Under his
"rule" Russia underwent radical changes in it's economic doctrines adopting a mixed
which was termed the New Economic Policy, also referred to as NEP. This ... Show more content on
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Lenin believed that Trotsky was the best suitable to take the Communist party to the next level.
Trotsky was not all that popular among party members though and Stalin was in a position as Gen
Sek, or General Secretary, to place his people in powerful positions throughout the party. Also,
Stalin worked extremely hard at achieving power whereas Trotsky was rather lazy. Because of these
reasons along with Stalin's "zero tolerance" attitude towards everyone, he was able to
seize control.
Once in control, Stalin's first major achievements were the Five Year Plans for industry. Russia had
not yet had their industrial revolution and were far behind the other powers of the world. The first
Five Year Plan worked as far as industrial output was concerned, but it was at much cost to the
people of Russia. Once the Five Year Plans started to roll, Stalin decided to make some agricultural
changes to support the industrialization. In April, 1928, Stalin presented the draft of a new land law.
Although the draft failed to become a law, it showed a couple of Stalin's objectives. One was the
rapid and forcible collectivization of the peasants in order to industrialize the country quickly. The
other was the liquidation of the kulaks as a class. Kulaks were seen as industrious or prosperous
peasants who were not enthusiastic about the policies of the communist party.
Collectivization was the forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into

New Constitution Dbq
On December 5, 1936, the Soviet Union adopted a new constitution to reform the government. It
replaced the 1924 constitution that was ratified shortly after the death of Vladimir Lenin. The 1936
constitution lasted until 1977, when a new constitution was adopted. According to a former kulak
named Andrei Arzhilovsky, people celebrated on the streets when the constitution was ratified, and
everyone called it the "Stalin Constitution". Rightfully so, it deserved the name because Josef Stalin
was heavily involved in the creation of the new constitution. Indeed there were good reasons for
Soviet citizens to celebrate the adoption of the new constitution, because it granted rights that were
previously denied to the people. Among the rights that were provided were: (1) universal rights for
all Soviet citizens including kulaks (2) freedom of religion (3) preservation of the rights of all ethnic
groups. In this paper, I will argue that the 1936 Soviet Constitution did not achieve its goal of
providing universal rights to all Soviet citizens, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This brutal campaign to eradicate the state of perceived enemies began in the summer of 1936, when
Lev Kamenev, Grigorii Zinoviev, and fourteen others were convicted of organizing a "Trotskyite–
Zinovievite terrorist center" and the group was blamed by the state for Sergei Kirov's assassination
in December 1934. This was soon followed by the purge of prominent leaders in the revolution such
as Nikolai Bukharin. Others who were executed were: new party members, high ranking military
officials, party secretaries, and other officials. However, even poor Soviet citizens who had nothing
to do with plotting against the government were searched and arrested by the NKVD. In particular,
those citizens who were previously accused of being counter–revolutionary were the main targets of
the

Stalin The Kulaks
The article "Stalin, collectivisation and the Kulaks" by Vince Wall explains the motive and structure
of collectivisation in the USSR, and its repercussions. The author is authoritative on this subject, as
he has his masters in historical studies and bachelor of government/political science, is the head of
the social sciences department at a private secondary school in Australia, and is well established in
the teaching and history communities. He explains the three problems Stalin faced in the agricultural
sector; food shortages, the need to import machinery from western capitalists, and the small
independent farms which opposed communist ideals. This second point could have been explained
more, as the relevance isn't obvious. Vince recounts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This biography is an overview of George Orwell's life, and how his experiences shaped his political
views. It is written by George Woodcock, a writer of political biography, history, and literary
criticism. He is the founding editor of the journal Canadian Literature, and won a Governor
General's Award for The Crystal Spirit, a critical study he wrote of Orwell and his work. Woodcock
was good friends with George Orwell, so there is probably a positive bias towards him in this
article. Eric Arthur Blair was born in India in 1903. He started using the name George Orwell in
1933, in correspondence with a profound shift in his lifestyle. Orwell's family was of the lower–
middle–class, but had the elitist attitude of a much wealthier class. He stood out for being poor and
intelligent at his boarding school in Sussex, and grew up a sullen but eccentric boy. Under
scholarship, Orwell attended Eton, one of England's leading schools, where Aldous Huxley was one
of his masters. He joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, but felt ashamed, for the Burmese
were being ruled against their will. He could not mingle with the Burmese due to racial and class
barriers, and resigned after 6 years. In an attempt to

Summary Of ' The Gray Knight '
"Sir Joshua, I found you at last! The Gray Knight wants to see you right away."
Joshua looked up from his half eaten proto steak and rolled his eyes, "What 's up Jack, is the world
coming to an end again?"
"Not that I know of," Jack replied.
"Well, then sit down and let me finish my lunch, Pappy can wait another ten minutes and would you
please stop calling me Sir Joshua, at least when my grandfather 's not around."
The Gray Knight was Joshua 's grandfather and although the planet Morpheus technically had no
kings or emperors or rulers of any kind, when the Gray Knight spoke the rest of the denizens of the
world listened. Any other knight would be halfway to the castle by now, but Joshua had a bit of an
stubborn streak in him and he would not be rushed without good cause. Jack grinned sheepishly and
sat down across from Sir Joshua.
"Sorry Josh, I guess I take the whole squire thing a bit too seriously sometimes, but you know how
demanding the Gray Knight can be."
Joshua cut off another piece of meat and stuffed it into his mouth, as he chewed, he eyed up his
younger friend. Jack had a famous grandfather of his own, one that he had been named after, his
grandfather, Sir Jack the just, had been one of the first Knights of Morpheus, one of the four pillars
of the knighthood. Sir Jack had lost his life fighting against an invading force on another world
almost thirty years ago, but his legend lived on. His grandson sitting across from him was a
handsome black man, with keen

The Soviet Union: The Ukrainian Independence Movement
The Soviet Union, is known today as one of the greatest countries in the world. It's had many
triumphs, but every country has low points as well and the Soviet Union was no exception. Under
the rule of Joseph Stalin, they had one of the biggest genocides in all of history. Joseph Stalin was a
Totalitarian ruler. Totalitarian is a political system where the state recognizes no limits to its
authority and strives to control every aspect of public and private life wherever possible. Many
people protested against Stalin's government. The Ukrainian Independence Movement was actually
before the Stalin era. Ukraine, which measures about the size of France, had been under the rule of
the Imperial Czars of Russia for 200 years. In March 1917, the Czarist ... Show more content on
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Others, gone crazy with hunger, resorted to cannibalism, with parents sometimes even eating their
own children. Nearby Soviet–controlled granaries were said to be bursting at the seams from huge
stocks of 'reserve' grain, which had not yet been shipped out of the Ukraine. In some locations, grain
and potatoes were piled in the open, protected by barbed wire and armed GPU guards who shot
down anyone attempting to take the food. Farm animals, considered necessary for production, were
allowed to be fed, while the people living among them had absolutely nothing to eat. By the spring
of 1933, an estimated 25,000 persons died every day in the Ukraine. Entire villages were perishing.
In Europe, America and Canada, persons of Ukrainian descent and others responded to news reports
of the famine by sending in food supplies. But Soviet authorities stopped all food shipments at the
border. It was the official policy of the Soviet Union to deny the existence of a famine and thus to
refuse any outside assistance. Anyone claiming that there was in fact a famine was accused of
spreading anti–Soviet propaganda. Inside the Soviet Union, a person could be arrested for even
using the word 'famine' or 'hunger' or 'starvation' in a

The Ukrainian Genocide
In 1912, Joseph Stalin was appointed by Vladimir Lenin to serve on the first central committee of
the Bolshevik Party. The Bolsheviks were a member of the Russian Social Democratic Party. After
the October Revolution on November 9, 1917, in which they seized power in Russia, they were
renamed the Communist Party. A little over a year later, on January 22, 1918, Ukraine declared
independence as the Ukrainian National Republic. Then, in 1920, the Bolsheviks gained control of
Ukraine with the help of Lenin's Red Army. In this period of time, Ukraine was known as the
"breadbasket of Europe." It had many natural riches, such as fertile crop growing soil, natural coal,
iron, and more. More than 70% of Ukraine's population were traditional village ... Show more
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The smiling, energetic children became monsters, with their stomachs grotesquely swollen and their
limbs representing sticks. Olexandra Rafalska, a survivor of the famine recounted, people were
"drinking a lot of water to fill stomachs, that is why the bellies and legs were swollen, the skin was
swelling from the water as well. At that time the punishment for a stolen handful of grain was 5
years of prison. One was not allowed to go into the fields, the sparrows were pecking grain, though
people were not allowed." Desperate, the people ate leaves off bushes and trees, dogs, cats, frogs,
mice, and birds. "Some were eating their own children," she explained. "I would have never been
able to eat my child. One of our neighbours came home when her husband, suffering from severe
starvation ate their own baby–daughter. This woman went crazy." There were more accounts of this
horrific suffering. Motrya Mostova also talked of this horrific suffering. "People were dying all over
our village. The dogs ate the ones that were not buried. If people could catch the dogs they were
eaten. In the neighboring village people ate bodies that they dug

Joseph Stalin No Slowdown In Sopo Analysis
A power struggle within the Soviet Communist Party was triggered by Vladimir Lenin's death in
1924, and shortly after, Joseph Stalin seized control of the party, quashing all potential opposition to
his leadership. Thereafter, the late 1920's and early 1930's saw fundamental changes to the Soviet
Union. It was during this period that Joseph Stalin consolidated his authority and was allowed to
rule without opposition, becoming the clear 'vozhd' and introducing his "revolution from above"
(McKay 903) on the Soviet population. In 1931, with the first 5 year plan well underway, Stalin
made a pivotal speech to the First Conference of Soviet Industrial Managers titled 'No Slowdown in
Tempo!', speaking to them "in terms of hard–line Russian nationalism" ... Show more content on
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By taking an "Us versus the World" approach, Stalin's reasoning of rapid growth becomes clear and
a vital component of his speech. "We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We
must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or we shall go under" (McKay 904).
From Stalin's speech, he constantly pushes nationalism and it is clear he views Russian
Independence as the most vital goal of his time in power. He reiterates numerous times that the
workers' tempo must not slow down, as the survival of the Soviet Union and its people are at

Why Did Stalin Criticize Russia In 1930
The following years in 1930, when 60% of workers were in kolkhozes, Stalin suddenly tended to his
subjects with an article, in which he criticize his own particular past actions. According to "Of
Russian Origin article", it was a misstep to drive the people into kolkhozes by force, thus everybody
had right to have own farm. Also, the article mentions that 21% of the laborers left the kolkhozes
quickly, yet down the middle a year they needed to return back: the government announced
deplorably vast taxes for individual households. So there was another starvation in 1930. Stalin
stopped the policy for a while, but in 1931 he again attempted to enforce collectivization. Again
there was a similar resistance and another, more terrible starvation ... Show more content on
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They were killed or sent to the gulag, where a Russian labor–prison comps. The issues was getting
deeper. For example, expanded appropriation of grain from the peasants, constrained
collectivization, liquidation of the kulaks, production decreases, and hunger were the main links in a
chain of occasions that prompted to the famine of 1932–33 in the Soviet. Hunger, which had
effectively struck Ukraine before in the year, got to be distinctly across the board. The colossal
adversity endured until the harvest of the late spring of 1933. Massimo in his journal talks about the
tragedy of Soviet Union, and he compares the rate of death for each year. He mentioned that "It is
likely that in 1933 underregistration increased and coverage decreased: in this case the ratio between
the death rate in 1933 and that in 1931–32 would have to be raised substantially above the 1.92 level
for the entire Soviet Union and 3.61 for Ukraine. With deaths for the years preceding 1933 estimated
above 4 million per year, a doubling of the death rate would imply an additional number of deaths of
the same size in 1933." The grain acquisition arrange appeared to be unrealistic: numerous locales
were to surrender more bread than they had. The fault was moved onto kulaks, who "want to choke
the Soviet government by the bony hand of the famine", as Pavel Postyahev, Secretary of the Central
Party Committee,

The Impact Of Collectivization
Collectivization was one of Stalin's policies in addressing the emerging decline in food production
in the Soviet Union. He wanted to get rid of NEP which Lenin started, he felt that it was not
communism and was not fast enough. Therefore, he introduced collectivization which started in
1928 and ended in 1940. It started during the first five–year plan and was part of it. Collectivization
was Stalin's answer to the grain procurement crisis of 1927–28. Grain was procured by force in an
attempt to socialize land, to ensure that it was no longer owned by individual peasants. There were 3
types of collective farm. Firstly, The Toz, which was peasant owned land but shared machinery and
cooperating harvesting. Secondly, The Sovkhoz, it was owned ... Show more content on
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Millions lived in primitive housing conditions while working on the vast projects in the interior of
Russia and the workers endured simultaneous pay–cuts and production speed–ups in order to
finance Stalin's ambitious projects without foreign investments. Workers were ruthlessly disciplined:
absenteeism was treated harshly unless a doctor's certificate was produced; doctors who gave
certificates too easily faced prosecution themselves. Lastly, there was a severe shortage of consumer
goods due to concentration on heavy industries. These shortages led to high prices, resulting in a
50% drop in actual value of the workers' salaries as they could only buy less with the same amount
of

Essay about The Changing Goals of Communism
The original goals of communism, a perfect proletariat society, transformed over time; from the
revolutionary thinking of Karl Marx to the murderous communist dictatorships of V.I. Lenin and
Joseph Stalin. In the original
Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles, the orignal idea of communism and
socialism was to form a perfect proletariat society, where there were no classes and all people lived
as equals together. Over the years, the original idea of peace and equality for all was transformed
and molded to fit a certain person or groups personal interests. The peaceful society idea never
worked out at all in a country like Russia. Rulers like Stalin and Lenin not only did not carry out ...
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There were not only many divisions between the
proletariat movement, but in some cases fighting broke up. This just driving a greater wedge
between two groups of proletariats, and creating larger and lasting divisions in the movement. Marx
said a united communist front would be successful, there was no unity in the communist movement
in Russia. Eventually the idea that only one specific proletariat party could have power led to bloody
purges of opposition and uprisings throughout the country.
Early communist thinkers stressed that a proletariat takeover of a government should be a peaceful
one, not the overall blood bath of the takeover and the purges in Russia. The process of a communist
takeover involves that formation of one single classless society, where everyone is a proletariat. To
do this, the party must "rid" the country of the bourgeoisie class and other non–worker classes. I
believe the original plan to accomplish this involved the gradual changes from the upper class to
worker. Not the quick, bloody liquidation of a class like that of the Kulaks. Even though Stalin ideas
of forming one united worker class went along with original communist plans, his way of achieving
this did not. He asks the question in "The Collectivization and Liquidation of the Kulaks" (pg.271)

Stalin S Five Year Plan Speech
Primary Source for 04/28/2010, Joseph Stalin:
Joseph Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin's death in 1924. In 1928 Stalin
began the First Five–Year Plan, an ambitious attempt to quickly modernize the Soviet economy. In
the speech below, given in 1933 to the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Stalin explained
the goals and results of the Five–Year Plan.
The fundamental task of the Five–Year Plan was to convert the U.S.S.R. from an agrarian and weak
country, dependent upon the caprices of the capitalist countries, into an industrial and powerful
country, fully self–reliant and independent of the caprices of world capitalism.
The fundamental task of the Five–Year Plan was, in converting the U.S.S.R. into an ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
And as a result of all this our country has been converted from an agrarian into an industrial country;
for the proportion of industrial output, as compared with agricultural output, has risen from 48 per
cent of the total in the beginning of the Five–Year Plan period (1928) to 70 per cent at the end of the
fourth year of the Five–Year Plan period (1932)....
Finally, as a result of all this the Soviet Union has been converted from a weak country, unprepared
for defense, into a country mighty in defense, a country prepared for every contingency, a country
capable of producing on a mass scale all modern weapons of defense and of equipping its army with
them in the event of an attack from without....
We are told: This is all very well; but it would have been far better to have abandoned the policy of
industrialization,...and to have produced more cotton, cloth, shoes, clothing, and other articles of
general use. The output of articles of general use has been smaller than is required, and this created
certain difficulties.
But, then, we must know and take into account where such a policy of relegating the task of
industrialization to the background would have led us. Of course, out of the 1,500,000,000 rubles in
foreign currency that we spent on purchasing equipment for our heavy industries, we could have set
apart a half for the purpose of importing raw cotton, hides, wool, rubber, etc. Then we would now
have more cotton cloth, shoes

Stalin And The Soviet Union
(2)Stalin period was a significant period that his leadership had led the Soviet Union to develop in a
very different way that contradicted to the thoughts of Lenin and Marx. Suny argued that Stalin
constituted a "revolution from above," which meant Stalin as a leader, led the people to make lots of
changes by giving orders from the top of the hierarchy. The people were following him instead of
initiating the changes and reforms. The industrialization, collectivization, and cultural conservatism
(or cultural revolution, which was a term later China borrowed and used in a similar way) were
Stalin's major policies or ideologies that presented his "revolution from above" and a discontinuity
between him and former Communist leaders.
In 1928, New Economic Policy was abolished by Stalin. This move meant that Stalin was ready to
start to build his system in the Soviet Union. During the same year, he adopted the First Five Year
Plan, which was a generalized plan for the development of the whole state, to substitute NEP. This
plan put an emphasis on heavy industry that actually helped him to gain support from the people.
The workers were willing to support him since the plan provided millions of jobs. The economy
recovered quickly since the industries could drive the economy to run. Suny mentioned that Stalin
also linked the need to industrialize rapidly with the dangers that the USSR faced from the great
capitalist and imperialist powers. He saw the need, and thus he set up the

Why Did Stalin Had To Modernize Russia
If the massive changes of the five–year plan to work, Stalin had to modernise agriculture in the
USSR. In 1928 the country was lacking in 2 million tons of grain. The farming was not designed
and organised to meet demands. Collectivisation made farms come together to share the land,
resources and money. They would pool resources to produce grain and could save up together to buy
better and more modern farming equipment such as tractors. Stalin wanted to collectivise the farms
because he wanted more food for the industrial workers, he needed a surplus to sell to foreign
countries, he wanted people to leave the countryside and work in the cities and he also wanted an
excuse to kill all the kulaks. The collectivisation policy was fairly successful ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Source 3.2 shows the peasants to be happy and eating. This source is a painting from 1937 so it
would have to show an idealised kolkhoz as Stalin would not have allowed people to produce
something that showed what was actually happening to the peasants. Source 1.3 agrees with source
3.2 s it says 'many rural households saw the advantage of collective farms'. This is subjective as it
was written by Stalin who would have wanted to promote collectivisation. Although these sources
say peasants liked collectivisation sources 1.7 and 1.8 contradict this as source 1.7 states that 'The
peasants hated the idea so they burned their crops and killed their animals' and 'There was another
famine in 1930.' This shows that the peasants never wanted to collectivise their farms and from my
own knowledge I know that the reason there were famines were because Stalin caused them as he
never cared about the peasants and only cared about workers as he believed they were needed for
the next step of communism, this shows that collectivisation was not successful to the peasants.
Source 1.8 says there was 'another worse famine' and kulaks were 'executed or sent to the gulag'.
This shows that the standards of living for the peasants were horrible as the gulags filled up quickly
as The NEP encouraged people to be Kulaks, this caused the gulags to be overfull. The peasants who
did live on kolkhozes suffered famines in 1930 and 1932–33. Almost 5 million peasants starved to
death during these famines and almost 3 million peasants were killed. Stalin saw the peasants as a
tool to achieve success and never felt that each life mattered. Source 1.1 shows that the peasants
were starving and were deprived of their human rights and kept in cages. This can be seen where it
says 'with hands outstretched for a crust of bread' this suggests that the peasants were not wanting a
lot they just wanted something to keep them alive. The source also says 'they

Stalin
3. Assess the impact that Stalin had on Russia and the Russian people During his rule of Russia from
1928 until 1953, Joseph Stalin made decisions and had characteristics that left both long term and
short term impact on the country and its people. One of the biggest impacts made by Stalin on
Russia was the Industrialisation of the country; Stalin's reasons for doing this were mainly down to
the fact that Russia was still a backwards, poor, impoverished country when he came to power in
1928. Stalin wanted to change this, and make Russia into a modern, industrial and high power
nation. In order to fulfil his aims, Stalin introduced new industrial areas in places such as Kusbass
and the Fergana Valley, which were previously not industrial ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This left an impact on peasants, as it was different to the more independent lives they had previously
leaded. However, collective farms also provided peasants with hospitals and crèches, which meant
that workers could quickly be made healthy if injured or ill, and women could also work as their
children were being looked after. While this may have just been to enable more workers provide
more food for the cities, it also meant that what peasants would have previously maybe struggled to
have was given to them. Schools were part of collective farms, and during this period of
collectivisation many peasants were educated and literate, leaving an impact on those peasants as
they now had a proper education. However, while some of these short term impacts benefitted
peasants, for the Kulaks, slightly more wealthy and affluent famers that had previously thrived in
Lenin's government, life was made much harder due to Stalin's "dekulakisation" policy. Stalin used
the Kulaks as a scapegoat for anything and everything that went wrong, becoming a class enemy of
everyone. This meant that during Stalin's rule many Kulaks faced the impact of being shot or
deported or taken to labour camps. Children of Kulaks would often be bullied by the children of
other peasants, and often became outcasts of communities, leaving a lasting impact on their lives.
Stalin's use of terror by setting up the NKVD, a secret police organisation, and also the

Causes Of The Great Purge In Russia
The collectivization efforts of 1928 came to a head with the central government essentially forcing
peasants to collectivize and attacking the kulaks. Initial efforts backfired with many peasants
choosing to slaughter their animals rather than give them to the collective farm. As for the kulaks,
some fled to the cities to find work while others decided to try and fight back. In retaliation, the
OGPU (secret police) acted quickly and arrested the troublemakers. Massive numbers were deported
across the country and into the Urals, Siberia, or the North. The intense crackdown was eventually a
success. By 1932, the per cent of collectivized peasant farms had reached 62% according to official
Soviet figures (Fitzpatrick, 138). The path to collectivized farming in this time period is heavily
significant for a number of reasons, namely the social upheaval and the new state controlled ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It had roots in the repression of the kulaks and the Shakhty Trials, but branched out to attack
political opponents to Stalin within the Bolshevik cadre. A series of trials occurred in Moscow, the
accused were charged with conspiring to assassinate Stalin and other Bolshevik leaders. What
makes these trials so significant is that they showed the lengths that Stalin and his compatriots
would go to ensure their personal safety. All of the accused were found guilty of conspiring with the
fascists and Leon Trotsky (at this point in exile) to bring down the socialist state, and bring a return
of capitalism. As many Western historians have noted, these trials were far from fair. They are
generally referred to as "show trials" as they were highly politicized and resulted in the deaths of all
of the accused without any fair judicial proceedings (Fitzpatrick,

Analysis Of Famine Testimony And Stalin's Rule In Ukraine

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Analysis Of Famine Testimony And Stalin's Rule In Ukraine