Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Slide 1: Hydrogen Fuel Cell Benjamin Bach Shaun Abraham Elizabeth Arnold Fisher Jared Dupree 12/7/2007 H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 2: AGENDA • Background • Industry Drivers • Application Types & Potential – Transportation – Portable – Stationary • Product Application Timeline • Current Developments in Columbia • Questions H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 3: What is a Fuel Cell? • Hydrogen In • Electricity Out • Byproducts – Water, Heat H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 4: How do Fuel Cells work? H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 5: Sources of Hydrogen www.minihydrogen.dk H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 6: Hydrogen Production Today Water, 4% Coal, 18% Natural Gas, 48% Oil, 30% US Department of Energy H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 7: Components of a Fuel Cell System OXYGEN (AIR) Fuel FUEL Reformer INVERTER DC POWER AC POWER HYDROGEN CELL FUEL INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT RICH GAS Converts to Hydrogen WATER HEAT Heat used for Fuel Reforming Additional Heat RECOVERY National Institute of Standards & Technology H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 8: Examples of Fuel Cell Applications H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 9: Benefits of Fuel Cells • Low or No dangerous emissions • Higher efficiencies • Constant and consistent power • No Moving Parts • Portable fuel cell systems much lighter than batteries • Smaller than regular batteries H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 10: Limitations of Fuel Cells • Transportation and storage of fuels (Hydrogen gas) • Lack of Infrastructure • Energy needed to produce Hydrogen from Water • Large amounts of hydrogen needed to meet energy needs • Consumer mistrust • High Cost • Currently do not have hydrogen production capacity • Intolerability to freezing temperatures H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 11: Who is involved? Based on 2006 data H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 12: World Fuel Cell Activity PWC Survey 2006 H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 13: Industry Leaders PWC Survey 2006 H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 14: Industry Gross Revenue PWC Survey 2007 H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 15: Industry Gross Revenue U.S. Census Bureau 2002 & PWC 2007 H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 16: Industry Success Factors RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE & HYDROGEN & DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION STORAGE H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 17: EN N G IO RO CT YD DU HO PR US/South Korea Nuclear Hydrogen Program Example Nuclear Hydrogen Joint Development Center in Daejeon & San Diego Heat electrolysis at 800ºC (today 150ºC) Heat H2 Water H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 18: & - AE FR UR E IN CT AG Research UR TR TO Leaders SS Japan Germany USA H2 Economy Case Study: Iceland HYTHANE Fuel (20% H2, 80% Gas) Aral Hydro Linde H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 19: D Types of Application & R Infrastructure/ Global private sector research Storage 15% Transportation 25% Stationary Portable 40% 20% Fuel Cell Industry Research – SC Export Consortium H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 20: Transportation • 400 fuel cell powered vehicle prototypes worldwide (BMW, Daihatsu, DaimlerChrysler, Fiat, Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, MAN/Neoplan, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Nissan/Renault, PSA, Suzuki, Toyota, VW/Audi) • US H2 daily production capacity fuels 20 million cars (243 million passenger vehicles registered in US) SolarToday.org/H2Mobility.org H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 21: Cost Analysis • Cost of producing Hydrogen: $1.5 to $3.5 per kg – Without compression, storage or delivery costs – Highly dependent on natural gas, electricity prices and economies of scale • Estimated cost at pump: $20 per kg • 1kg of Hydrogen = Energy content of 1gal gasoline (at 2x efficiency)  Effective cost at pump: $10 per kg  Price of average hydrogen powered car (internal combustion): Sticker + $50,000  50,000 miles cost of H2 car above regular car: $61,667 (Assumption: 30 miles/gal at $3/gal gasoline) SolarToday.org/MSN.com H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 22: Where to fill up your hydrogen car? 299 H2 stations worldwide 117,000 petroleum stations in US H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 23: Future Outlook Average Annual Expected Sales of PEMFC/SPFC for Light-Duty Vehicles @ $10,000 per fuel cell = 730,000 vehicles Fuel Cell Industry Research – SC Export Consortium H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 24: Portable: Military Applications Current Products: • Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Current Status: • 26 models in current use Future Market: • DoD investing 1.9 billion in (UAS) next 5 years Benefits: • Low noise, Low heat • Run time double compared to alternatives Source: Millenium Cell (2007) H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 25: Portable: Military Applications Current Products: • Soldier Power (72-hour, 30-50 watt power source) Current Status: • ProPack C-50 Future Market: • Estimated 200 million dollar annual market. Benefits: • Lighter in weight • Less expensive compared to alternatives. Source: Millenium Cell (2007) H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 26: Portable: Emergency Response Current Products: • Extended Runtime Adapter Current Status: • XRT (Jadoo Power) • In commercialization. Future Market: • Hurricane Katrina pushed demands for more reliable energy sources for first responders. Benefits: • Lightweight, extended runtime. Source: Jadoo Power (2007) H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 27: Portable: Consumer Future Products: • Laptops, cell phones, mobile devices. Current Status: • In developmental, R&D Stages • Numerous prototypes. Future Market: • Dependent upon fuel cell technology growth compared to battery technology. Benefits: • Lightweight, extended runtime. Source: Jadoo Power (2007) H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 28: Stationary Market Current Products: • Back-up generators (industrial, small-business) • Distributed Power Current Status: • 98 million dollar market (2006) Future Market: • Expected to reach 16.9 billion by 2012. Benefits: • Reliability, low-maintenance, longer operating life. Source: Ballard Power (2007), Winter Green Research (2006) H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 29: Product Application Timeline 2007 2010 - 2015 Stationary 2010 - 2015 2007 Portable 2010 - 2015 2020 - 2030 2007 Transportation H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 30: H2 Fuel Cells in Columbia, SC Current Projects • Innovista • Fuel Cell South • Palmetto Fuel Cell Technologies • USC Fuel Cell Research Group • USC Fuel Cell Bus Project (liquid hydrogen refueling station 2008-2009) H2 Fuel Cell

Slide 31: QUESTIONS? "Water will be the coal of the future," Jules Verne (1874) Pennsylvania State University H2 Fuel Cell