2. DRUGS OF MINERAL ORIGIN
TALC
BENTONITE
CHALK
KIESELGUHR
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3. TALC
• Synonym: French Chalk, Talcum
• Source:
Talc is a mineral with perfect cleavage and soapy feel,
which occurs as foliate to fibrous masses and some times
in coarsely granular or cryptocrystalline masses
• Geographical Source:
It is found in Austria, Canada, United states, France
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4. • Description:
It is folia which is slightly flexible but not elastic
It is very soft
It is softest known solid
It is translucent to opaque in nature
It is white to grey in color
It is chemically inert
It is Insoluble in water
It is Sparingly soluble in dilute mineral acid
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5. • Chemical Constituents:
It is composed of hydrated magnesium
silicate with the chemical formula
H2Mg3 (SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
Also contains small amount of nickel, iron
and aluminium as impurities
The variation in color of talc to green to
greyish indicates presence of iron oxide
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6. • Use:
It is used as a cosmetic (talcum powder)
Used as lubricant in tablet preparation
Used as a dusting powder in coating and dusting pills
Used in baby powder for the prevention of rashes in area covered with dipper
Used in making paper
Used in making soap
Used as filter aid for filtration and clarification of cloudy liquids
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7. BENTONITE
• Synonym: Whilkinite
• Source:
Bentonite are clays composed of very fine particles derived usually from volcanic ash. It is
chiefly composed of the hydrous magnesium-calcium-aluminium silicate called
montmorillonite
• Geographical Source:
It is found in Britain, Brazil, France, India, Japan, China, United states
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8. • Description:
It is slightly greenish grey or blue in color
It is light blue color when observed under UV light
It is insoluble in water, HCL and H2SO4
It occurs as dipyramidal crystal
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9. • Chemical Constituents:
The chemical formula of bentonite is BaTiSi3O3 (Barium Titanium Silicate)
Generally bentonite occurs along with some unique set of minarals and frequently
associated minerals are
• Natrolite
• Albite
• Neptunite
• Serpentine
• Joaquinite
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10. • Use:
The hardness of bentonite makes it suitable for its use as a gemstone
Used in ointment, creams, lipsticks, rouges, eye shadow
Used for facing the moulds and preparing the molding sands for casting metal
Used in oil industry because of its nonabsorbent property
Used as suspending and emulsifying agent and base for plasters
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12. CHALK
• Synonym: Creta, Paris-White, Whiting, English white
• Source:
Chalk is native form of calcium carbonate, freed from most of the impurities by
elutriations. It contains not less than 97% w/w of calcium carbonate when dried at 100oC
• Geographical Source:
It is found in France, Germany, Denmark, United States
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13. It is mined in open quarry
Pulverized and purified by elutriation
The water is removed
Insoluble chalk settle down forming flat cakes
known as ‘Whitings’
It is further purified for pharmaceutical use Jegan
14. • Description:
It is white in color
It is earthy and soft to touch
It is odourless
It is amorphous
It is insoluble in water
It gives effervescences with acid
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15. • Chemical Constituents:
It contains
Calcium carbonate-96%
Magnesium carbonate-0.5%
Silica- 1%
Traces of iron, magnesium, aluminium oxides
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16. • Use:
It is used as
Antacid
Dietary supplement
Dusting powder
Antidiarrhoeal
Abrasive in tooth paste and tooth powder
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17. KIESELGUHR
• Synonym: Diatomaceous earth, Celite, Supercel, Industrial earth
• Source:
It is natural diatomaceous earth consisting of siliceous skeletons of fossils, purified by
treating with dilute hydrochloric acid, washing with water and drying
• Geographical Source:
Huge quantity of this earth is available in Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Kenya, United
States
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18. • It is mined quarry
• Large block containing moisture to extend of 30-40% are arranged and dried
• Blocks containing 5-10% of moisture are then pulverized to produce fine
powder
• The powder is then subjected to acid treatment
• Washed thoroughly with water and dried
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19. • Description:
It is brownish grey to white colored light powder
It is odourless
It is tasteless
It is very smooth
It adheres to the skin after rubbing
It adsorbs moisture
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21. • Use:
It is used as a filter aid for clarification of liquid
It is used for decolorization of liquids
It is used in manufacturing of tooth powder, face powder and nail polishes
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