This document summarizes key findings from the IEA's book on transitioning to sustainable buildings. It finds that buildings are the largest end-use sector for energy and that demand is projected to rise 50% by 2050 without new policies. The book outlines a scenario where stringent new building codes and retrofitting of existing buildings could reduce energy demand in buildings by 25% by 2050 through commercially available technologies. This would realize energy savings of 40 exajoules and emissions reductions of 9 gigatons of CO2 per year primarily through fuel switching and efficiency improvements in space and water heating, cooling, lighting, and appliances. The recommendations focus on policies like building codes, standards for equipment and appliances, and technologies such as heat pumps

1. © OECD/IEA 2013
Clean Energy Solutions Center
IEA Buildings Book Launch
Didier Houssin and Marc LaFrance
International Energy Agency

2. © OECD/IEA 2013
IEA/SPT Flagship
Publication, Energy Technology
Perspectives
 6 C Scenario – business-as-usual; no adoption of new
energy and climate policies
 2 C Scenario - energy-related CO2-emissions halved by
2050 through CO2-price and strong policies
Source: Energy Technology Perspectives 2012
6 C Scenario emissions 58 Gt ------------>
2 C Scenario emissions 16 Gt ------------>

3. © OECD/IEA 2013
Industry
31%
Transport
30%
Other sectors
4%
4%
11%
22%
28%
5%
30%
Buildings
35%
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Electricity
Commercial heat
Renewables
Final Energy Consumption by Sector
and Buildings Energy Mix, 2010
Buildings largest end-use sector!!

4. © OECD/IEA 2013
Transition to Sustainable Buildings
Key messages:
 Energy demand in buildings set to rise 50% by 2050
 40 EJ energy savings potential (25% reduction over 6DS)
• Equivalent to current energy use in India and Russia
 Stringent codes required for all new buildings
 Aggressive measures to encourage renovation key as 50%
of existing buildings will still be standing in 2050
 Majority of technologies needed are already
commercially available in OECD countries

5. © OECD/IEA 2013
Priority Recommandations
Note: Recommendations limited to top two for technology and policy, all items could be relevant for most
countries. Red indicates immediate priority, while gold indicates medium-term priority
ASEAN
Brazil
China
European
Union
India
Mexico
Russia
South
Africa
United
States
Technology
Advanced envelope – cold climate
Reduced cooling loads – hot climates
Heat pumps
Solar thermal
More efficient use of biomass
Policy
Building codes with supporting infrastructure
Appliance and equipment standard
Deep renovation of existing buildings
Zero-energy new buildings

6. © OECD/IEA 2013
Major Energy Savings Potential
6 degree scenario 2 degree scenario
(business as usual) (assertive policies)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
6DS 2DS
2010 2050
Exajoules
OECD
Biomass and waste Other renewables Natural gas Electricity Commercial heat Oil Coal
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
6DS 2DS
2010 2050
Non-OECD
25% of energy demand growth could be cut by 2050!

7. © OECD/IEA 2013
Emissions reduction in buildings
9 GtCO2 savings (2/3 from electricity decarbonisation)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
GtCO2
Fuel switching
Cooking, lighting and
appliances
Building envelope
Space cooling
Other efficiency
Solar thermal
Heat pumps and co-
generation
Electricity
decarbonisation
2DS: 2.7 GtCO2
Space and
water heating
equipment
6DS: 11.6 GtCO2

8. © OECD/IEA 2013
Investments and Energy Savings
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
2010-20 2020-30 2030-40 2040-50
USDtrillion
Additional investments
Space heating Water heating Space cooling Lighting Cooking Appliancesand other equipment Building envelope improvements
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
2010-20 2020-30 2030-40 2040-50
Exajoules
Cumulative energy savings 2DS versus 6DS
Approximately 12 trillion USD of investment will realize 17
trillion USD in fuel savings.

9. © OECD/IEA 2013
Energy and Emissions Savings:
Residential sub-sector
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Exajoules
Energy savings from 6DS to 2DS
Space heating Water heating Lighting, appliances and space cooling Cooking Building envelope Electricity
decarbonisation
0
1
2
3
4
5
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050GtCO2
Emissions savings from 6DS to 2DS
All options need to be tapped in the residential sub-sector
to achieve 2DS reductions.

10. © OECD/IEA 2013
Energy and Emissions Savings:
Services sub-sector
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Exajoules
Energy savings from 6DS to 2DS
Space heating Water heating Lighting and space cooling Other equipment Building envelope Electricity
decarbonisation
0
1
2
3
4
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
GtCO2
Emissions savings from 6DS to 2DS
Most savings in the services sub-sector come from energy
efficiency improvements in equipment.

11. © OECD/IEA 2013
Regional Analysis
Includes:
Recent trends, end-use
consumption, energy
intensities, fuel shares
and forecasts
Energy saving and
emissions reduction
potential with detailed
recommendations
Regions: ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), Brazil, China, European
Union (EU-27), India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa and United States

12. © OECD/IEA 2013
Building Envelope Recommendations
 R&D for windows &
deployment of
existing solutions
 Optimal levels of
insulation
 Validated air sealing
 Immediate
roof/attic upgrades
 Harmonised
building material
ratings
Source: Sage Electrochromic

13. © OECD/IEA 2013
Window Recommendations –
Deployment and R&D
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Single glazed clear, metal frameDouble clear, wood frameCommercial aluminum, low-e, thermal breakDouble low-e, vinyl frameTriple glazed, double low-e, vinyl frameVacuum or quadruple glazed
U-values(W/m2K)
Recommended mandated
performance for world
Recommended mandated
performance for cold
climate
R&D needed for
future ZEB
Need to promote low e windows and retrofit attachments for
the world and highly insulating windows for cold climates.

14. © OECD/IEA 2013
Heating and Cooling
Recommendations
 Heat pump R&D
• Cold climate
• Small gas thermal COP > 1.2
 Standards
• ban electric resistance heaters
• require condensing gas boilers
 Promote solar thermal systems
• lower costs systems
• R&D for cooling
 Integrated district heating
• greater renewables & co-generation
• policies across sectors (e.g. industrial)
Source: Heat Pump & Thermal Storage
Technology Centre of Japan, 2013.

15. © OECD/IEA 2013
Heat Pumps Offer Large Potential to
Mitigate Water and Space Heating
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Korea
China
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
Sweden
Switzerland
UnitedStates
Korea
China
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
Sweden
Switzerland
UnitedStates
Korea
China
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
Sweden
Switzerland
UnitedStates
Air-source heatpumps Air-to-air heat pumps Ground-source heat pumps
Heattoelectricityratio
(heatpumponly)
Heat pumps reduce energy consumption > 60%. Even countries with low carbon
electricity (large shares of hydro or nuclear) should require them to free of
electricity for other uses (e.g. electric vehicles).

16. © OECD/IEA 2013
Cooking, Lighting and Appliances
Recommendations
 Curtail inefficient burning of
biomass for cooking
 Extension of appliance and
equipment labelling and
standards programmes
 Greater deployment of higher
efficiency lighting and banning
of incandescent lighting
 Continued R&D on solid state
lighting, advanced facades, and
energy management controls
Source: LBNL

17. © OECD/IEA 2013
Lighting Improvement Potential
are Dramatic
Ban incandescent lighting and move toward CFL standards and
controls and sensors, solid state lighting R&D for future.

18. © OECD/IEA 2013
Future Integrated Systems
Centralised fuel production,
power and storage
Renewable energy resources
EV
Co-generation
Smart energy
system control
Distributed
energy resources
Surplus heat
H vehicle2
Sector integration needed to meet future clean
energy supply and demand systems.

19. © OECD/IEA 2013
Policy Recommendations
Promote integrated
policy packages
Dissemination of
global lessons
learned
Systems level
supported by
advanced
components

20. © OECD/IEA 2013
IEA Building Related Activities
 Technology Roadmaps
• Including upcoming roadmap on Energy Efficient Building Envelopes
 Policy Pathways
• Including upcoming pathway on Building Energy Codes
 ETP series (2014: building sector forecasts with electricity
power sector as core focus)

21. © OECD/IEA 2013
How to get the book or if you have
follow-up questions?
IEA Bookstore
http://www.iea.org/w/bookshop/b.aspx?new=10
 Executive Summary and Table of Contents are available
as free downloads.
 Discounts for contributors, non-profit
organisations, universities, electronic copies and
packages, as well as on bulk orders.
Contact Information
General Book Inquiries – buildingsinfo@iea.org
International Energy Agency
9, rue de la Federation
757 Paris Cedex 15, France
Marc LaFrance, Energy Analyst Buildings Sector, Energy Technology Policy Division
marc.lafrance@iea.org, +33 (0)1 40 57 67 38