While it is true that certain whale stocks can have a negative impact on marine production, it is important to note that the overall relationship between whales and marine production is complex and multifaceted. 1. Overfishing: Some species of whales, such as baleen whales, are filter feeders that consume large amounts of small marine organisms, including plankton and krill. These organisms form the base of the marine food chain and support the productivity of the oceans. When whale populations are significantly reduced or depleted due to factors such as historical whaling or illegal hunting, it can disrupt the natural balance of the ecosystem and potentially lead to overpopulation of certain prey species. 2. Trophic Cascades: Whales play a crucial role in marine ecosystems through what is known as trophic cascades. As top predators, they help regulate the population sizes and behavior of their prey species. By keeping certain prey populations in check, whales indirectly promote the health and diversity of lower trophic levels, including commercially important fish species. The absence or decline of whale populations can disrupt these cascading effects, potentially leading to imbalances within the ecosystem.

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Whale stocks negatively impacted on marine production {updated 2023]
Has decline in whale stocks negatively impacted on marine production?
Whales have been hunted to extirpation and near extinction in many places around the world.
Incorporating both top predators and plankton feeding megafauna,
it is fair to expect that their removal might have a knock-on effect on local food webs. However,
is this effect really significant?
Would we expect a measurable decline in local productivity if whales were missing from the
picture?
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While it is true that certain whale stocks can have a negative impact on marine production,
it is important to note that the overall relationship between whales and marine production is
complex and multifaceted.

2. 1. Overfishing: Some species of whales, such as baleen whales, are filter feeders that
consume large amounts of small marine organisms, including plankton and krill. These
organisms form the base of the marine food chain and support the productivity of the
oceans. When whale populations are significantly reduced or depleted due to factors such
as historical whaling or illegal hunting, it can disrupt the natural balance of the ecosystem
and potentially lead to overpopulation of certain prey species.
2. Trophic Cascades: Whales play a crucial role in marine ecosystems through what is
known as trophic cascades. As top predators, they help regulate the population sizes and
behavior of their prey species. By keeping certain prey populations in check, whales
indirectly promote the health and diversity of lower trophic levels, including
commercially important fish species. The absence or decline of whale populations can
disrupt these cascading effects, potentially leading to imbalances within the ecosystem.
3. Nutrient Cycling: Wo nhales contribute t
4. utrient cycling in marine ecosystems through their feeding and migration patterns. Their
fecal matter contains important nutrients, such as nitrogen and iron, which are released
into the water and stimulate the growth of phytoplankton and other primary producers.
These microscopic organisms are vital for marine food webs and carbon sequestration.
Reduced whale populations can result in diminished nutrient inputs, potentially affecting
the overall productivity of marine ecosystems.
4 . Carbon Sequestration: Whales play a role in carbon sequestration, which is the process of
removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in the oceans. Through their feeding
activities and subsequent defecation at the ocean’s surface, whales facilitate the transfer of
carbon from the surface to deeper waters, where it can be stored for longer periods. This process

3. helps mitigate climate change. Therefore, declining whale stocks could impact the capacity of
marine ecosystems to sequester carbon effectively.
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