Sustainable development has been environmentally adopted into a development concept implemented in regulations/ legislations in accordance with the fourth amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). Sustainable development is influenced by three aspects, namely: social aspects; economic aspects; and environmental aspects. Conventional development takes into account the influence of social and economic aspects, so in this study reviewing the influence of environmental aspects in the era of nowadays sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to analyse the elements of environmental aspects in form of a Model of Structural Hierarchy (MoSH) that affects sustainable development. Environmental aspects elements are analysed by the Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) method. The ISM method was chosen to help decision makers in determining policies in accordance with the resulting a MoSH. Thus, the MoSH in the field of environment which is associated with sustainable development is a new contribution in the area of sustainable development.

1. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 2188 editor@iaeme.com
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 01, January 2019, pp. 2188–2194, Article ID: IJCIET_10_01_197
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
©IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS
AS A MODEL OF STRUCTURAL HIERARCHY
(MoSH) FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Anom Wiryasa NM and Jaya NM
Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, the University of Udayana,
Denpasar - Bali – Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Sustainable development has been environmentally adopted into a development
concept implemented in regulations/ legislations in accordance with the fourth
amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945).
Sustainable development is influenced by three aspects, namely: social aspects;
economic aspects; and environmental aspects. Conventional development takes into
account the influence of social and economic aspects, so in this study reviewing the
influence of environmental aspects in the era of nowadays sustainable development.
The purpose of this study is to analyse the elements of environmental aspects in form
of a Model of Structural Hierarchy (MoSH) that affects sustainable development.
Environmental aspects elements are analysed by the Interpretive Structural Modelling
(ISM) method. The ISM method was chosen to help decision makers in determining
policies in accordance with the resulting a MoSH. Thus, the MoSH in the field of
environment which is associated with sustainable development is a new contribution
in the area of sustainable development.
Key words: environmental elements, ISM, MoSH, SSIM, sustainable development.
Cite this Article: Anom Wiryasa N M and Jaya N M, Analysis of Environmental
Elements as a Model of Structural Hierarchy (MoSH) for Sustainable Development,
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 10(1), 2019, pp.
2188–2194.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
In 1992, the United Nations (UN) held a conference on Environment and Development
(United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil or more popular with the Rio Earth Summit (Rio Summit). One of the important issues
that form the basis of the discussion at the Rio Summit was the principle of Sustainable
Development. The main source of sustainable development policy in Indonesia is the 1945
Constitution. The 1945 Constitution has been amended four times, where the concept of new
sustainable development was included in the fourth amendment stipulated on 10th August
2002. With the regulation in the fourth amendment concerning rights on the environment as a

2. Anom Wiryasa N M and Jaya N M
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human right and the adoption of the principles of environmentally sustainable development,
then international agreements began to be implemented nationally through development
policies.
The sustainability development goals in each country are the same as those at the global
level, but how to achieve them must pay attention to social, economic and environmental
issues in a local perspective. Therefore it is necessary to cooperate and continue to exchange
experiences between countries that carry out environmentally sound development. As an idea,
the principle of sustainable development is implemented by taking into account and clarifying
the relationship between environmental aspects, social aspects and economic aspects. What is
reviewed in this report is related to environmental aspects in a local perspective. The
problems that arise are what are the elements of the environmental aspects that affect
sustainable development and how the Model of Structural Hierarchy (MoSH) in the
environmental field influences sustainable development. The results of this study are in the
form of the MoSH on elements of environmental aspects that affect sustainable development.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Sustainable development is a critique of conventional development which focuses on
economic aspects without considering social and environmental aspects [1]. [2] explains that
sustainable development places economic, social and environmental aspects interacting with
each other. Ecological sustainability (environment) is carried out by increasing carrying
capacity, assimilation power and continuing renewable resources. Sustainable development in
developing countries is not easily achieved. Sustainable development in developing countries
must be considered as the interaction of various aspects, such as: poverty, urbanization, and
environmental preservation [3]. For this reason, policy interventions from the government in
the form of regulations/ legislations are needed to achieve sustainable development.
In previous research, to analyse environmental aspects often used trand analysis; only
provides an overview of the growth of each aspect only, or does not describe the relationship
of the structure hierarchically from each aspect of the environment, so that difficulties in
determining policy. Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) is a method designed to help
decision makers in analysing the relationship of systems or sub-systems in a hierarchical and
structured manner. ISM is implemented by labelling which reflects contextual relations
between related elements in a system. The ISM output is very useful for decision makers who
study the inter-dependencies and structure of a system. [4] first proposed the ISM in 1973.
This is often used to provide a basic understanding of complex situations, and to develop a
series of actions to solve a problem. ISM is an interactive learning process, in this technique a
set of elements that are directly and indirectly related are arranged into a systematic and
comprehensive model [5]. The model formed illustrates the structure of a complex problem or
problem in a carefully designed pattern that implies graphics and words [6]. [7] has identified
key variables using direct and indirect relationships between variables and presented the
results of the application of the ISM methodology to the case of 'energy conservation' in the
Indian cement industry.
3. METHODOLOGY
The framework of thought is the result of abstraction and synthesis of theories related to
research problems. This study was analysed by the ISM method, with the following steps: i)
identifying elements; ii) establishing a structural self-interaction matrix (SSIM) contextual
relationship; iii) development a structural self-interaction matrix; iv) developing a reachability
matrix; v) partitioning of the reachability matrix; vi) drawing a directed graph; vii) converting
graph into an ISM-based model; and viii) reviewing the model. ISM method has been used to

3. Analysis of Environmental Elements as a Model of Structural Hierarchy (MoSH) for Sustainable
Development
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analyse various fields [10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17. This stage is according to the procedure
explain in Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1 Model Compilation Method, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
Source: Modified from [8]
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Identification of Elements of Environment
[9] explained that environment consist of eight (8) elements, namely: Green Open Space;
Energy EFficiency; WASte; Water and Air Quality; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Conversion
of Rice Fields; Disaster-Prone Areas; Environmental INdex (Table 4.1)
Table 4.1 Elements of Environment
Source:adapted from [9]
Nr. of
Elements
Environmental Elements Abbreviation
1 Green Open Space, GOS
2 Energy Efficiency EEF
3 WASte WAS
4 Water and Air Quality WAQ
5 Greenhouse Gas Emission GGE
6 Conversion of Rice Fields CRF
7 Disaster-Prone Areas DPA
8 Environmental INdex EIN

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4.2. ISM Method
Determine Reachability Matrix
This Reachability Matrix is made on the upper triangle matrix by entering the value of X =
the predetermined contextual relationship between element i (Ei) and element j (Ej),
reciprocal (Eij = 1 and Eji = 1); V = the existence of the predetermined relationship between
the elements i (Ei) and the element j (Ej), but not the opposite (Eij = 1 and Eji = 0); and O =
absence of continual relationship between element i (Ei) and element j (Ej), in reciprocal (Eij
= 0 and Eji = 0 (Table 4.2).
Tablee 4.2 Reachability Matrix
Nr. of
Element
Element
to-j
Element to-i
Dependent
Power (y)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
GOS
EEF
WAS
WAQ
GGE
CRF
DPA
EIN
1 GOS X O O X X X X X
2 EEF X O O O O O X
3 WAS X X X O O X
4 WAQ X V X V X
5 GGE X V O X
6 CRF X X X
7 DPA X X
8 EIN X
Dependent
Power (x)
Determine Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM)
Enter the value of X = (Eij = 1 and Eji = 1); value V = (Eij = 1 and Eji = 0); and value O =
(Eij = 0 and Eji = 0 into Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) (Table 4.3).
Table 4.3 Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM)
Nr. of
Element
Element
To-j
Element to-i
Dependent
Power (y)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
GOS
EEF
WAS
WAQ
GGE
CRF
DPA
EIN
1 GOS 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6
2 EEF 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
3 WAS 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 4
4 WAQ 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
5 GGE 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 5
6 CRF 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 5
7 DPA 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 4
8 EIN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Dependent
Power (x)
6 2 4 5 5 6 5 8

5. Analysis of Environmental Elements as a Model of Structural Hierarchy (MoSH) for Sustainable
Development
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Figure of Depdence-Driver Power Diagram
Figure of Dependence-Driver Power Diagram by entering dependent power (x) and dependent
power (y) values into the diagram (Figure 4.1)
Figure 4.1 Dependence-Driver Power Diagram
Explanation of Figure 4.1:
Nr. of
Element
Elements of the
Environment
Explanation
1
4
5
6
8
Green Open Space
Water Quality and Air
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Conversion of Rice Field
Environmental INdex
Located in sector III (linkage)
The environmental element (1,4,5,6,8) is located in Sector
III, which means: strongly draiver-strongly dependence
variable, the variables in this sector should be studied
carefully because the relationships among the variables are
unstable. Any action on the variable affects others and the
feedback effects can magnify the impact
2 Energy EFficiency
Located in sector I (Autonomous)
The enzyme element 2 is located in sector II, which means
the weak draiver-weak dependence variable (autonomous)
variables in this sector are generally unrelated to the system
and have a small relationship, although it may be strong
3 WASte Located in the centre of the sector
7 Disaster-Prone Areas Located between sectors II and III

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Determine Level of Partition Matrix
Table 4.4 Level of Partition Matrix
Nr. of
Element
Elements Reachability Set Antecedent Intersection Level
1 GOS 1,6 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8 1,6 II
2 EEF 2 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8 2 I
3 WAS 3 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8 3 I
4 WAQ 4,6 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8 4,6 II
5 GGE 5 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8 5 I
6 CRF 6,1 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8 6,1 II
7 DPA 7 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8 7 I
8 EIN 8,1,4,6 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8 8,1,4,6 III
A Model of Struktural Hierarchy in the Environment
According to the level obtained from Level Partition Matrix (Table 4.4) has developed a
Model of Structural Hierarchy (MoSH) in the elements of environmental (Figure 4.2)
Figure 4.2 Model of Stuktural Hierarchy (MoSH) in Environment
Explanation of Figure 4.2:
 What needs to be considered in managing the environment are energy efficiency (EEF), waste
(WAS), greenhouse gas emissions (GGE), and disaster-prone areas (DPA)
 In addition to the above, what needs to be considered in understanding the environmental
indexes are green open space (GAS), water and air quality (WAQ), and conversion of rice
fields (CRF).
5. CONCLUSIONS
Managing the environment is quite complex related to sustainable development, it should
consider energy efficiency (EEF), waste (WAS), greenhouse gas emissions (GGE), and
disaster-prone areas (DPA). Besides the above, what needs to be considered in understanding
environmental indices are green open space (GOS), water and air quality (WAQ), and
conversion of rice fields (CRF).
Therefore, the renewal contribution of this study is the Hierarchical Structure Model
(MoSH) in the area of the Environment that affects sustainable development.
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