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香港海關 1
2012年商品說明(不良營商手法)
(修訂)條例
2013年7月29日
香港海關 2
大綱
2012年商品說明(不良營商手法)(修訂)條例所
禁止的營商/營業行為
執法指引
遵從為本機制
香港海關 3
修訂條例所禁止的營商/營業行為
香港海關 4
商品說明 - 貨品
 數量(長、闊、高、面積、體積、
容/重量及件數)、大小或規格
 製造、生產、加工或修復的方法、
成分
 適用性、強度、性能、性狀或準
確度
 任何人所作的測試及測試結果/認
可或認可的類型相符
 製造、生產、加工或修復的地點、
日期或人
 以往資料(擁有權或用途)
 在某特定地方是否有作貨品檢查、
維修或保養服務(及範圍)、提供
零件或這些的保證、人、期間及
費用
 是否有該等貨品可供應
 價格、價格計算方式,或是否
有任何價格優惠或折扣
 在一般或在指明情況下,根據
香港法律須就該等貨品繳稅的
法律責任
 符合任何人指明或承認的標準
 某人已取得該等貨品,或已協
議取得該等貨品
 該等貨品與向某人供應的貨品
屬同一種類
香港海關 5
釋義
 「商品說明」是指以任何方式就任何貨品或服
務或其任何部分而作出的直接或間接的顯示
 「虛假商品說明」(False Trade Description)
是指虛假達關鍵程度的商品說明;或具有誤導
性、相當可能會被視為屬一種虛假達關鍵程度
的商品說明
香港海關 6
商品說明 – 服務
 性質、範圍、數量(服務次數及時間長短)、標準、
質素、價值或等級
 對用途的適用性、強度、性能、效能、效益或風險
 提供服務的方法、程序、方式及地點
 是否有該服務可提供
 任何人所作的測試及測試結果
 該服務獲任何人的認可,或類型相符
 某人已取得該服務,或已協議取得該服務
 提供或將會提供該服務的人
 售後支援服務
 價格、價格計算方式,是否有價格優惠或折扣
香港海關 7
禁止虛假商品說明
貨品
 任何人在營商過程或
業務運作中,將虛假
商品說明應用於任何
貨品;或供應/要約
供應已應用虛假商品
說明的貨品,即屬犯
罪
服務
 商戶如將虛假商品說明
應用於向消費者提供或
要約向消費者提供的服
務;或向消費者提供或
要約向消費者提供已應
用虛假商品說明的服務,
即屬犯罪。
香港海關 8
禁止不良營商手法
誤導性遺漏
具威嚇性
的營業行
為
先誘後轉銷
售行為
餌誘式廣
告宣傳
不當地接
受付款
香港海關 9
主要概念
 營業行爲
 指商戶的任何作為、不作為、一連串的行
為、陳述或商業傳訊
 直接與向消費者促銷某產品、售賣或供應
某產品予消費者
 或從消費者處購入某產品
 不論它們是在交易達成前、中或之後出現
香港海關 10
誤導性遺漏 (Misleading Omissions)
 某營業行為(Commercial Practice) 如
 遺漏或隱藏重要資料(Material Information)
或
 以不明確、難以理解、含糊或不適時的方式提
供重要資料 ,或
 未能表示商業用意 (除非用意明顯)
 並因此導致/相當可能導致 一般消費者
(Average Consumer) 如沒有接觸該營業行為便
不會作出交易決定(Transactional Decision)
 會被視作誤導性遺漏的營業行為
香港海關 11
主要概念 (續)
 重要資料
 一般消費者按照相關情況所需的資料作出有根據的
交易決定
 如屬購買邀請:如非已屬明顯,即屬重要資料
 產品的主要特性(性質、範圍、數量、標準、質素、價值
或等級
 商戶的身分(例如商業名稱),及所代表的商戶的身分
 商戶/代表的通常營業地址(不包括郵箱地址)
 價格(包括任何稅項) 或 計算價格的方式
 所有額外運費、送貨費用或郵費或可能須支收費
 付款、送貨、提供服務安排
 撤銷或取消的權利 (如此權利已存在)
香港海關 12
具威嚇性的營業行為
(Aggressive Commercial Practices)
 某種營業行為可能被視作具威嚇性的營業行
為, 如:
 利用騷擾、威迫手段或施加不當影響在相
當程度/可能在相當程度上損害一般消費者
就有關產品在選擇及行為方面的自由
 因而導致他們如沒有接觸上述情況便不會
作出交易決定
香港海關 13
餌誘式廣告宣傳 (Bait Advertising)
 商戶作出廣告宣傳,謂可按指明價格供應產品
 考慮商戶經營業務的市場和宣傳品的性質後:
 如沒有合理理由相信商戶能在合理期間內,
要約按指明價格提供合理數量的產品 或
 沒有在合理期間內,要約按指明價格供應合
理數量的產品
 該商戶的廣告宣傳即可能被視作為餌誘式廣告
宣傳的營業行為
香港海關 14
不屬餌誘式廣告宣傳
 以下情況,廣告宣傳不屬餌
誘式廣告宣傳:
 有關宣傳品清楚述明要約按
該價格供應該產品的期間或
數量
及
 該商戶要約按該價格在該期
間內供應該產品,或要約按
該價格供應該數量的該產品
香港海關 15
餌誘式廣告宣傳–額外免責辯護
 被控人如能舉出充分證據,顯示在出現需求大於原先所預測
的情況後,已立即採取補救行動(如:補充存貨、安排另一
供應商以相同條件提供相同/同等產品)
 有關消費者接受這些安排
 控方未能提出反證
 則被告有權被裁定罪名不成立
 即使消費者不接受替代提議,只要該商戶可顯示如獲消費者
接受,他們會有能力符合要約的條款,仍可免除法律責任
香港海關 16
先誘後轉銷售行為 (Bait and Switch)
 商戶用指明的價格推銷某產品,但意圖
是通過指明手段推銷另一產品,如:
 拒絕向消費者展示產品 或
 展示欠妥的產品樣本 或
 拒絕落單
香港海關 17
不當地接受付款
(Wrongly Accepting Payment)
 商戶接受消費者付款時:
 如有意圖不供應該產品/供應有重大分別的產品;
或
 如沒有合理理由相信商戶能在指明期間/合理時間
內(如無指明期間)提供產品。
 即可能視作不當地接受付款的營業行為
香港海關 18
不當地接受付款–額外免責辯護
 被控人有權被裁定罪名不成立,
如能舉出充分證據證明其:
 有能力並於合理時間內促致
第三方提供消費者願接受的
相同/同等產品;或
 退款(只適用於無能力提供商
品)
 而控方未能提出反證
香港海關 19
一般免責辯護
 被控人如證明下列事項,即可以此作為免責辯護:
 所犯罪行是因:
 錯誤
 倚賴他獲提供的資料
 另一人的作為/失責
 意外
 其他非他所能控制的因由所引致
 及已採取一切合理防範措施,並已盡一切應盡的
努力以避免自己/受其控制的人犯該罪行
香港海關 20
董事、合夥人等的法律責任
 如法人團體或任何人以不屬法團的團體的成員
身分犯本條例所訂罪行,而該罪行經證明是以
下指明的人的同意/縱容/疏忽下犯的, 則以下
指明的人亦屬犯罪:
 罪行發生時的:
 董事、幕後董事、公司秘書、主要人員或經理
的人;
 合夥人、幹事、成員或經理的人;或
 以上述身分行事的人
香港海關 21
執法指引
香港海關 22
執法指引
 在《修訂條例》下, 海關及通訊辦聯合發出一
套執法指引
 執法指引包括兩部份:
 遵從與執法政策聲明
 一般指引
香港海關 23
遵從為本機制
香港海關 24
執法工具
強制令
承諾
刑事調查及法律程序 民事程序
香港海關 25
目的
鼓勵商戶遵從《條例》
更快解決有關事宜的途徑
香港海關 26
民事執法 - 承諾
 除檢控外,執法機關可接受涉嫌干犯指定條文的商
戶作出書面承諾
 商戶承諾不會繼續/重犯/作出指定條文的違例行為
 在接受/撤回承諾前須先得律政司司長書面同意
 一旦接受承諾,執法機關不可就該承諾有關的事展開/
繼續調查和法律程序
 執法機關發佈承諾內容
香港海關 27
民事執法 - 強制令
 按執法指引, 一些需優先處理
的個案也會向法院申請強制令:
 涉及重大公眾利益或關注
 屢犯、故意、有組織或嚴重
違例
 引致或可能引致消費者權益
嚴重受損
香港海關 28
多謝
如有進一步查詢,可電郵至
customsenquiry@customs.gov.hk

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《2012 年商品說明(不良營商手法)(修訂)條例》研討會 - 香港海關