The main road types in India with a vast 63.73 km road network, India is home to the second-largest road system in the world. India has routes of every length and variety, from rural roads that link tiny villages to the cities to national highways bridging the distance between states. In terms of material, purpose, and other factors, this article takes a deeper look at some of the most popular road types in India.
Thousands of years before urban planning, motor vehicles, or even the wheel, the first roads appeared on the landscape. Just as molecules coalesced into cells and cells into more complex organisms, our first roads were spontaneously formed by humans walking the same paths over and over to get water and find food. As small groups of people combined into villages, towns and cities, networks of walking paths became more formal roads. Following the introduction of the wheel about 7,000 years ago, the larger, heavier loads that could be transported showed the limitations of dirt paths that turned into muddy bogs when it rained. The earliest stone paved roads have been traced to about 4,000 B.C. in the Indian subcontinent and Mesopotamia.
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
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Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
this is the PPT created on the chapter 'lifelines of Indian economy'. Me and some of my friends created the slide we are of kendriya Vidyalaya Aurangabad. i hope you will enjoy this ppt...........best of luck.......
Abstract
The transportation by the road is the only mode which could give maximum service to one and all. This mode has also the maximum flexibility for travel with reference to route, direction, time and speed of travel etc. through any mode of road vehicle. It is possible to provide door to door service only by road transport. The other three modes, viz., airways, waterways and railways have to depend on transportation by roads for the service to and from their respective terminals, airports, harbors or stations. The road net work is therefore needed not only to serve as feeder system for other modes of transportation and to supplement them, but also to provide independent facility for road travel by a well planned network of roads throughout the country.
The nation’s socio-economic and cultural growth is mainly dependent on its speedy, safe, economic and efficient transports system. One of the important functions of transportation is providing accessibility and rural roads to fulfill this. Though this sectors did not get the required attention in the past, the mega projects of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) addressed this issue and envisaged to provide connectivity to all the habitations having population of more then 500 throughout the country and to the habitations of above 250+ populations in North Eastern States, Hilly States, and Desert Areas. While providing the infra structure for rural connectivity, efforts are being made in working out the details of design and construction for rural roads. The Indian roads congress (IRC) has brought out Rural Roads manual (RRM) IRC SP 20:2002. The design aspects, in addition to planning, construction, quality control, maintenance and source of financing are dealt in the RRM. The important aspect of developing low volume roads in rural areas is to aim at providing basic access at minimum cost covering as many as villages as possible, within the allocated funds. To keep the developmental costs to minimum, yet at appropriate levels of serviceability, choice of material is an important consideration. This paper aims for design of 1.539 Km long rural road in Haridwar district connecting Beldi-village to NH-58. The road serves as a life line for people and need proper metalling. This paper discuss about surveying and levelling of proposed road, Traffic Data survey, Laboratory test of material of construction and designing of road based on codal provision.
Keywords: PMGSY, Compaction, CBR, Survey, Pavemet design, Geometric design
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Thousands of years before urban planning, motor vehicles, or even the wheel, the first roads appeared on the landscape. Just as molecules coalesced into cells and cells into more complex organisms, our first roads were spontaneously formed by humans walking the same paths over and over to get water and find food. As small groups of people combined into villages, towns and cities, networks of walking paths became more formal roads. Following the introduction of the wheel about 7,000 years ago, the larger, heavier loads that could be transported showed the limitations of dirt paths that turned into muddy bogs when it rained. The earliest stone paved roads have been traced to about 4,000 B.C. in the Indian subcontinent and Mesopotamia.
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Abstract
The transportation by the road is the only mode which could give maximum service to one and all. This mode has also the maximum flexibility for travel with reference to route, direction, time and speed of travel etc. through any mode of road vehicle. It is possible to provide door to door service only by road transport. The other three modes, viz., airways, waterways and railways have to depend on transportation by roads for the service to and from their respective terminals, airports, harbors or stations. The road net work is therefore needed not only to serve as feeder system for other modes of transportation and to supplement them, but also to provide independent facility for road travel by a well planned network of roads throughout the country.
The nation’s socio-economic and cultural growth is mainly dependent on its speedy, safe, economic and efficient transports system. One of the important functions of transportation is providing accessibility and rural roads to fulfill this. Though this sectors did not get the required attention in the past, the mega projects of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) addressed this issue and envisaged to provide connectivity to all the habitations having population of more then 500 throughout the country and to the habitations of above 250+ populations in North Eastern States, Hilly States, and Desert Areas. While providing the infra structure for rural connectivity, efforts are being made in working out the details of design and construction for rural roads. The Indian roads congress (IRC) has brought out Rural Roads manual (RRM) IRC SP 20:2002. The design aspects, in addition to planning, construction, quality control, maintenance and source of financing are dealt in the RRM. The important aspect of developing low volume roads in rural areas is to aim at providing basic access at minimum cost covering as many as villages as possible, within the allocated funds. To keep the developmental costs to minimum, yet at appropriate levels of serviceability, choice of material is an important consideration. This paper aims for design of 1.539 Km long rural road in Haridwar district connecting Beldi-village to NH-58. The road serves as a life line for people and need proper metalling. This paper discuss about surveying and levelling of proposed road, Traffic Data survey, Laboratory test of material of construction and designing of road based on codal provision.
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A Comprehensive Guide To The Main Road Types In India.pdf
1. A Comprehensive Guide To The Main Road
Types In India
Introduction The Main Road Types In India
The main road types in India with a vast 63.73 km road network, India is home to
the second-largest road system in the world. India has routes of every length and
variety, from rural roads that link tiny villages to the cities to national highways
bridging the distance between states. In terms of material, purpose, and other
factors, this article takes a deeper look at some of the most popular road types in
India.
India is now just slightly behind the US in terms of the size of its road network,
thanks to a rise of 59% during the previous nine years.
India's roadways have a wide range of qualities for a nation with such a diversified
topography and population density. Here, low-traffic dirt roads converge with
rural roads with moderate traffic levels to form high-traffic state highways.
2. India's roads are categorised according to a number of factors, including
materials, rigidity, traffic volume, function, and location. The diversity of some of
the most common road types in India will be examined in this article.
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Road Types According To Materials
Depending on the location and use, India's extensive network of roadways is built
with various materials.
The numerous road types that are frequently encountered in India are as
follows:
Earthen Roads : The most fundamental and affordable forms of roads that are
frequently found in rural regions are earthen roads, which are built using soil and
gravel. They need constant upkeep, though, as they are prone to erosion.
Murrum Roads : Murrum roads, which can be found in rural and semi-urban
areas, are made by compacting murrum, a kind of laterite soil. These can tolerate
intense traffic and are comparatively durable.
Gravel Roads : In hilly and rural locations, crushed gravel and stones are layered
to create gravel roads, which provide adequate traction for light to moderate
traffic.
WBM Roads : The Water Bound Macadam (WBM) roads found on highways and
in metropolitan areas are made stronger and more durable by layering several
types of stones and aggregates.
Kankar Roads : Kankar roads, which are constructed using kankar (a form of
limestone), are reliable and affordable solutions for dry and semi-arid regions.
3. Concrete Roads : To harden and create robust roadways that can endure high
traffic, concrete mixtures are poured into moulds.
Bituminous Roads : Bitumen and aggregates are combined to form asphalt or
bituminous roads, which are common in metropolitan areas and on highways.
Depending on variables like traffic volume, climate, and budget, each type of road
material has specific benefits and applicability. In order to achieve the best
performance and longevity, the proper type of road material must be chosen.
Highways Are Classified According To Their Function & Location
National Highways, State Highways, District Highways, and Rural Roads are the
four different types of roadways in India, according to their use and location.
Let's examine each of them in more detail.
Types of
Roads
National
Highways
State
Highways
District Roads Rural Roads
Definition Significant
road systems
that link the
nation's states
and cities
Roads inside a
state that
connect its
cities and
communities
Roads within
a district that
connect
various
towns, cities,
and villages
Connect
isolated
hamlets and
villages to the
main road
system.
Maintained
By
The National
Highways
Authority of
India (NHAI)
maintains the
roads.
Each state is in
charge of
maintaining
and expanding
its own state
highways.
The
corresponding
district
authorities
maintain
The Gramme
Panchayat is
in charge of
maintaining
Significance Essential for
the national
transportation
of people and
products
Important for
interstate
travel and
enhancing the
state's overall
connectedness
Essential for
rural
connectivity
and local
transit
A crucial
factor in the
development
of rural areas
4. Road Types According To The Flow Of Traffic
The sorts of traffic that use the roadways in India are also used to categorise
them. For instance, motorways make it possible to travel more quickly, bike lanes
encourage environmentally responsible commuting, and pedestrian paths put
pedestrian safety first. According to the volume of traffic they handle, these are
the three main categories of roads:
Motorways
Motorways are high-speed roadways with several lanes and regulated access
points that can accommodate large trucks for continuous traffic flow. One of the
longest motorways in India is the 94.5-kilometre Mumbai-Pune Motorway.
Cycling Tracks
Cycle tracks are designated lanes in cities that give cyclists a separate, safe, and
environmentally responsible method to commute. These tracks have been
created in cities like Bangalore and Delhi to promote cycling as a means of
transportation.
Walking Paths
Residential areas, parks, and business complexes that are specifically designed
with pedestrians' safety and convenience in mind are known as pedestrian ways.
Mumbai's Marine Drive Promenade is a well-liked pedestrian walkway with a
beautiful view of the Arabian Sea.
5. Various Road Types Based On Topology
The various road types in India are another example of the country's variety.
Roads can be generically categorised as hilly area roads and plain area roads
based on the topology.
The specifics of each kind of road are listed in the table below.
Types of Roads Hilly area Roads Plain area Roads
Terrian Made on rocky, inclining
terrain
Constructed on flat land
Function These routes are made
to wind across the
highlands and connect
far-flung places.
These are made to make
travelling between cities
and towns simple.
Features Marked by abrupt
curves, tight bends, and
a high incline
Roadways in flat areas
are typically larger and
straighter to allow for
higher speeds and easier
navigation.
Example The Manali-Leh Highway,
which spans 42,879 km
and travels through the
gorgeous landscapes of
Himachal Pradesh and
Ladakh, is one example
of a well-known hilly
terrain road.
The Mumbai-Pune
Motorway, which
connects Mumbai,
India's financial centre,
with Pune over a
distance of about 94.5
km, is a well-known plain
area route.
Overall, the many kinds of roadways perform specialised tasks and are essential
to supporting the nation's transportation infrastructure. They support the
country's general growth and advancement while ensuring seamless connectivity
between various locations.
6. Conclusion
Understanding the different kinds of roads is crucial for real estate investors when
assessing properties. Real estate consultants can assist customers in making wise
judgements about property investments by taking into account the unique
characteristics of roadways. After all, the value and potential of a real estate
investment can be significantly impacted by the connectivity and accessibility
offered by various types of roads.
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