defination of intersection and also different types of intersection with diagrams and also it consists of advantages and dis advantages of at grade intersection and grade separate intersection and also planning considerations and need of construction of intersection. it also consists of case study of chennai.
at-grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross.
THIS AREA IS DESIGNATED FOR THE VEHICLES TO TURN TO Different Direction.
VEHICLES MOVING IN DIFFERENT DIRECTION WANT TO OCCUPY SAME SPACE AT SAME TIME.
An intersection is the area shared by the joining or crossing of two or more roads. Since the main function of an intersection is to enable the road user to make a route choice, it is a point of decision. Hence the problems that are encountered by the motorist while passing through an intersection must be recognized and the design should be in such a way that the driving task is as simple as possible.
An intersection is an at-grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross. Intersections may be classified by number of road segments, traffic controls or lane design. (Wikipedia)
Traffic Characteristics: (i) Road user’s characteristics - general human characteristics, physical, mental and emotional factors, factors affecting reaction time, PIEV theory. (ii) Vehicular characteristics :( static and dynamic), Characteristics affecting road design-width, height, length and other dimensions. Weight, power, speed and braking capacity of a vehicle
at-grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross.
THIS AREA IS DESIGNATED FOR THE VEHICLES TO TURN TO Different Direction.
VEHICLES MOVING IN DIFFERENT DIRECTION WANT TO OCCUPY SAME SPACE AT SAME TIME.
An intersection is the area shared by the joining or crossing of two or more roads. Since the main function of an intersection is to enable the road user to make a route choice, it is a point of decision. Hence the problems that are encountered by the motorist while passing through an intersection must be recognized and the design should be in such a way that the driving task is as simple as possible.
An intersection is an at-grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross. Intersections may be classified by number of road segments, traffic controls or lane design. (Wikipedia)
Traffic Characteristics: (i) Road user’s characteristics - general human characteristics, physical, mental and emotional factors, factors affecting reaction time, PIEV theory. (ii) Vehicular characteristics :( static and dynamic), Characteristics affecting road design-width, height, length and other dimensions. Weight, power, speed and braking capacity of a vehicle
Accident study and analysis, objective, causes of accidents, and analysis of accident (collection of data and preparing reports and record) , types of accidents, and statistical analysis of accidents.
Traffic Engineering, PPT Based On Unit 1 (Fundamentals of Traffic Engg.)
In this PPT you Can studied about details of traffic engg, Characteristics , and others fundamentals of Road.
By- Prof K.S.Somase
(Assistant professor of Gurukul Education society's Institute of engineering and technology, Nandgaon
Road Junctions and Grade Separators for Transportation Planning - A Junction is an area, where two or more roads join or cross, whose main function is to provide for the change of route directions.
Grade separation is a method developed to avoid the disruption of traffic flow at intersections. It is adopted at junctions where two or more surface transport axes cross with each other.
Grade separation is generally achieved by means of a vertical level.
Accident study and analysis, objective, causes of accidents, and analysis of accident (collection of data and preparing reports and record) , types of accidents, and statistical analysis of accidents.
Traffic Engineering, PPT Based On Unit 1 (Fundamentals of Traffic Engg.)
In this PPT you Can studied about details of traffic engg, Characteristics , and others fundamentals of Road.
By- Prof K.S.Somase
(Assistant professor of Gurukul Education society's Institute of engineering and technology, Nandgaon
Road Junctions and Grade Separators for Transportation Planning - A Junction is an area, where two or more roads join or cross, whose main function is to provide for the change of route directions.
Grade separation is a method developed to avoid the disruption of traffic flow at intersections. It is adopted at junctions where two or more surface transport axes cross with each other.
Grade separation is generally achieved by means of a vertical level.
intersection are the space in which more than 2 roads crosses.types of road intersection,grade separated and at grade separated intersection.
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at grade intersection, channelized intersection, diamond intersection, different types of road intersection, directional intersection, grade separated intersection, otary intersection, partial coverleaf intersection, road intersection definition, road intersection diagrams, roadway intersection types, trumpet intersection, un channelized intersection
This slide is for the young minds who are keen to knew about the intersection.This presentation demonstrate everything about intersection .All rights are reserved by the authors,this is for only educational purposes and as per IRC guidelines.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. Contents
What is an intersection
Types of intersection
Grade separate intersection
At grade intersection
Traffic operation
Principles considered for design
Advantages and limitations
2
3. What is an intersection
► Area where two or more roads meet or cross
each other.
► Area for vehicles to turn to different
directions.
►vehicles moving in different directions want to
occupy same space in same time Hazardous
locations.
► Intersection is a point of large number of
major conflicts.
3
4. Need of intersection design
Intersection is a point of large number of major conflicts.
Good intersection design aims at
Minimization of the magnitude and characteristics of the
conflicts.
A simplification of driver route selection process.
4
5. Planning consideration for interchange
Land availability
Interchange spacing
Access control
Land use
Warrants
design consideration
safety
congestion
traffic volume
5
6. TYPES OF INTERSECTION
6
Grade separated
intersection
At-grade
intersection
• It is also called
interchanges.
• Roads at different
elevations
• Connected by ramps
Roads at same
elevation
8. Grade separated intersection
It is a bridge that eliminates crossing conflicts at intersections
by vertical separation of roadways in space.
Route transfer at grade separation is accommodated by
interchange facilities consisting of ramps.
The interchange configuration are designed in such a way to
accommodate economically the traffic requirements of flow
operation on the crossing facilities, physical requirements of
the topography, adjoining land use, right-of-way and
direction of movements.
8
10. Underpass
An underpass or tunnel is an
underground passageway,
completely enclosed except for
openings for ingress and egress,
commonly each end.
A tunnel may be for foot or
vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic.
10
11. Overpass
An overpass also know as a flyover,
is a bridge, road, railway or similar
structure that crosses over another
road or railway.
A pedestrian overpass allows
pedestrians safe crossing over busy
roads without impacting traffic.
11
12. Trumpet interchange
Trumpet interchanges have been used where one
highway terminates at another highway.
These involve at least one loop ramp connecting
traffic either entering or leaving the terminating
expressway.
The principal advantages are low construction cost
and are useful for highways.
12
14. Diamond interchange
Simplest form of grade separated
interchange between two roadways.
The conflicts between through and
crossing traffic are eliminated by a bridge.
Diamond interchange are most effective in
area where traffic is light.
14
16. Cloverleaf interchange
Eliminates all crossing
movements conflicts by use of
weaving sections.
It replace a crossing conflicts
with a merging, followed some
distance farther by a diverging
conflicts.
16
18. Partial cloverleaf interchange
Partial clover leaf is a modification
that combines some elements of a
diamond interchange with one are
more loops of a cloverleaf to
eliminate only the more critical
turning conflicts.
18
20. Directional interchange
A directional interchange provides
direct paths for turning movement .
These interchanges contain ramps for
one or more direct or semi direct left
turning movements.
.
20
22. At grade intersections
► At-grade intersections in which all the exchanges between the
roads take
place on the same plane.
These are:
all paved / un-channelized intersection
Channelized intersection
Roundabout
22
23. Types of at grade intersection
All paved / un-channelized intersection
1. No restriction to vehicles
2. Can use any part of intersection area
3.they can be cross, t type, multileg
23
27. Traffic operation
Diverging: vehicles moving in one direction is
separated into different streams according to
their destination.
Merging : process of joining the traffic coming
from different approaches and going to a
common destination into a single stream.
Weaving: combined movement merging and
diverging movements.
27
30. Kathipara
Kathipara is an important road
junction in Chennai, India
It is located at the intersection of
the Grand Southern Trunk
Road, Inner Ring road.
Kathipara flyover is the
largest cloverleaf flyover in South Asia.
A cloverleaf grade separator was
constructed as part of the NHDP to
ease traffic congestion at the junction.
30
31. Advantages
Grade separator provides maximum facility to the
crossing traffic and avoids the accident while crossing.
They provide increased safety for turning traffic. By
introducing indirect interchange ramp, even right turn
movements can be made quite easy and safe
Grade separation is an essential part of controlled access
highway like an expressway.
Traffic capacity is increased.
31
32. Limitations
All the vehicles are forced to slow down so the cumulative
delay will be much higher than channelized intersection.
Even when there is relatively low traffic, the vehicles are
forced to reduce their speed.
Require large area of relatively flat land costly at urban areas.
The vehicles do not usually stop at a rotary so not suitable
when there is high pedestrian movements.
32
33. Reference
Google
IRC 92- 1985 AND IRC92-2017 (GUIDELINES FOR THE
DESIGN OF INTERCHANGES IN URBAN AREA)
YouTube
33