Airbus vs Boeing: Strategies in a Duopolistic Aviation Industry

Airbus & Boeing
Airbus vs. Boeing
Stuart Taylor Chris Tillmanns November 13, 2002
The airline manufacturing industry consists of only two firms, Airbus in Toulouse, France and the Chicago–based Boeing. Two recent research and
development moves at the two firms offer an insight into the positioning strategy that each is taking in the future market place. It seems the two firms
are accenting two niche markets with a pair of flagship products, neither of which are in direct competition with each other. This will allow for the
firms to stave off price competition in the short term by differentiating product lines, which is desirable given the recent increase in buyer power
gained by lowcost airlines.
Current Market Position
Airbus
Airbus controls ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2
Current Aircraft Market
The airline industry is in a downturn. In 2001, the International Air Transport Association had a net loss of $17 billion, which is more than the
industry has made in its entire history. 3 This has led to a grim short–term outlook for the airline manufacturers, and subsequently Boeing has cut 2002
production in half4 and Airbus by one fourth. 5 This, however, is not necessarily a good measure of the industry's condition, since both companies
have an extensive backlog that can be used to maintain these new targets. Although the total backlog of 2,783 planes is worth an estimated $172
million dollars6 it is also somewhat uncertain due to lax cancellation penalties negotiated by the airlines during the boom years. Furthermore, the rise of
low–cost airlines does not directly translate into a larger market for aircraft due to the fact that the success of low end carriers tends to reduce the
demand for aircraft by the large carriers.7 It is important to note however, that this is not a permanent depression in the market, but a reflection of the
cyclical nature of the industry.
Future Airline Industry Outlook
Both Airbus and Boeing, foresee dramatic growth in the airline industry over the next twenty years, with the firms forecasting average annual growth
of revenuepassenger–kilometers at 4.2 and 4.9% respectively. This will be generated by lower ticket prices and

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China Southern Airlines Essay
China Southern Airlines was founded in 1995 and is based in Guangzhou. It is China's largest airline in terms of fleet size, with 309 aircraft. The airline
employees over 45,500 full time employees. Its main hubs include Guangzhou and Beijing, but it operates in over 150 cities throughout China.
Furthermore, China Southern operates 616 domestic 82 routes, including 90 international routes and 25 routes in Hong Kong and Macau. As China's
only company that is in world top ten passenger airlines, China Southern Airlines is committed to building the core values of "CSAIR" consists of
'customer first, (staff) respecting talent, (advantage)striving for excellence, continuous innovation and (return)contributing to... Show more content on
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That same year, China Southern Airlines also won the "SKYTRAX 2011 World Most Improved Airline". Parent Company China Southern Airlines
Co., Ltd. Tagline/ Slogan Always Cheaper Than On The Ground USP One of Asia's largest airline in terms of both fleet size and passengers carried
STP Segment Customers looking for punctuality and efficiency Target Group Middle class / Upper middle class Positioning Smooth and efficient
operations SWOT Analysis Strength 1. Largest air transport network in China with access to over 150 cities and over 600 domestic routes. 2. Centrally
located in Guangdong for easy access to the rapid industrial growth of the Pearl River Delta. 3. Culturally, politically, linguistically, and historically
synchronized with the Chinese market and the changes occurring within Chinese air transport. 4. Largest domestic cargo carrier 5. History as State
Owned Entity and residual access and political access with the Civil Aviation Administration of China. Weakness 1. Small air cargo business segment
and limited experience in air cargo freight and overnight transport logistics. 2. Undergoing continuous business reorganization and cultural change due
to Chinese air transport deregulation, recent acquisitions, and alliances. Opportunity 1. Utilize first–to–market advantage to build customer loyalty

Forensic Evidence Regarding Air Indiaflight 182
THE FORENSIC EVIDENCE CONCERNING AIR INDIAFLIGHT 182
Background
The in–flight disintegration of the Kanishka, most of the aircraft came to rest on the ocean floor almost 7,000 feet below the surface. During the
accident investigation that followed, the submerged wreckage was surveyed, photographed, videotaped and pieces were recovered off the ocean
floor. Floating wreckage was also recovered and examined. Each piece was given a unique number called "target". Target means that specific parts of
planes were to be destroyed. When the RCMP returned to the crashed site for two subsequent salvage operations in 1989 and 1991 during which
further underwater video footage was captured and further wreckage was recovered. The 465 targets observed on ... Show more content on
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Bart Blachford, the RCMP member with primary conduct of the forensic investigation into the explosion of the Kanishka. The underwater images of
many of the unrecovered targets were converted into computer aided design ("CAD") images, which in turn were used to simulate certain important
targets from the aft fuselage of the aircraft. Under the supervision of the RCMP, these simulated targets were assembled with the actual recovered
wreckage in a partial reconstruction of the Kanishka at a warehouse in the Lower Mainland as an aid to understanding the technical expert evidence
regarding the destruction of the aircraft. Experts presented portions of their evidence at this warehouse during the trial and referred extensively to the
reconstruction in demonstrating their respective theories. The significance of this expert evidence lies primarily in their differing opinions regarding
the location of the bomb that precipitated the destruction of the Kanishka. The Crown theory, supported by the opinion evidence of Professor
Christopher Peel, is that it was located in Baggage Area 52, which contained the M. Singh bag. The defence theory, supported by the opinion evidence
of Dr. Edward Trimble and Mr. Frank Taylor, is that it was located some five feet forward of that location in Baggage Area 51, containing luggage
checked in at Toronto. A conclusion that the defence evidence raises a reasonable doubt with respect to the Crown's bomb location would
fundamentally undermine

The Aviation Industry Of China
AVIA3101 Individual Assignment
Si Yat PONG (z3440479)
Option 1
General
The aviation industry of China began for around half a century. As a developing country, the economy of China has a massive increase, but the strictly
controlled airspace and complicated regulation limited the growth of China Aviation. Recently, new measures such as more efficient airspace approval
process, have improved the situation and giving hope that the market will rise. In fact, the market has rapidly increased. As the China government
giving ways to develop the aviation industry, more and more have negotiated increased capacity with China, Australia is one of them.
In the past 10 years, the demand of travelling between Australia and China keep increasing at a high rate, especially after 2009 (fig 1) [International
Airline Activity–Time Series. 2015]. Due to the rise in demand, major airlines such as Qantas China Eastern and China Southern have a massive
expansion in terms of no. of flights and route network. With annual passengers of around 850k, China has become a key source market for Australia.
Airports are also trying to attract Chinese travelers. For example, in Sydney airport every Chinese New Year, Terminal 1 would celebrate with
Chinese–Themed declaration, launching simplified Chinese site and deployed Chinese–speaking Ambassadors to assist Chinese customers in Terminal
1. China aviation industry is absolutely one of the largest and fastest growing economies. (fig 1)
Airline Strategy

Boeing Case Analysis
Boeing/Airbus Case Write Up
Competition in the Commercial Aircraft Business
With only a few large companies across the globe (Boeing, MD, and Airbus), the commercial aircraft industry essentially exhibits the qualities of an
oligopolistic competition with intense rivalry. Here is an analysis of competition in the commercial aircraft business using Porter's Five Forces.
Figure 1: Porter's Five Forces Applied to Aircraft Industry Barrier to entry:– High barriers to entry, to a certain extent help understand the risks
involved in operating in the aircraft industry.
1.Initial Capital Requirements: – Huge initial development period and very high investment costs, tooling costs, and WIP are necessary even before
the company starts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It could almost be viewed as a power game between governments.
4.Sunk Costs: – Big sunk costs. It is difficult to exit from the industry. Surviving and beating competition is the only way to do business.
Airbus and A380: Risks Involved and Sensitivity Analysis
Airbus was planning to introduce the A380 in direct competition to Boeing 747 to compete in the large aircraft sector. The rivalry between Airbus and
Boeing was already intense. Boeing's market share reduced from 70% in 1974 to 45% in 1990 while Airbus's market share had increased from 1% to
34% during the same time (Exhibit 5). Encouraged by this increase in market share, Airbus was contemplating the introduction of A380. Development
of new product line is extremely expensive in the Aircraft sector. Following is a quantitative analysis of the project to calculate the risks involved in
introducing a new line of Aircrafts.
Please refer to the attached excel file for NPV and sensitivity analysis. All assumptions are stated in the excel files.
Four scenarios are examined and the following is the summary of results for each of them.
ScenariosDiscount Rate11%Discount Rate 6%
Basic NPV Analysis$ (2458.71)$ 1927.24
Decrease in sales price to $180 million$ (3366.54)$ 31.74
Increase in sales volume to 16%$ 189.32$ 8633.58

Decrease in sales volume to 8%$ (3505.71)$ (647.00)
Decrease in Profit Margin to 20%$ (3457.32)$ (227.64)
The most glaring conclusion that can

A Short Note On Engine Aircraft And Its Impact On The...
The B707 was the first aircraft developed by Boeing in 1958, it is a narrow body , mid–size and a four turbo–fan engine aircraft ( Pratt & Whitney ) .
Some people call it ( seven oh seven ) and it has different modules ( series ) that contains different capacity from 140–189 passengers .The Boeing 787
was produced in 2007 , it is a long–range , wide–body , twin turbo–fan engine ( GEnx or Rolls Royce ) aircraft . Passenger's seat varies from 242–335
dependant on the series of the aircraft. Of course both aircrafts varies from the internal structures ,but almost the same design for the outer structure
(body shape ) , and I'll demonstrate the differences and similarities between both aircrafts , from structure design to the innovations made to the B787 ,
that surely made us look at the Boeing industry in a different perspectives.
(Anon, 2016) Boeing 787 (B707, 2016) Boeing 707
Now showing some interesting facts to compare between these two aircrafts such as, fuel costs, ranges, fuel capacity, thrust and cabin. The fuel
costs for the B787 is 26.23 $ per nautical mile whereas the fuel cost for B707 is 24.89 $ , so obviously the B707 takes the win when it comes to
fuel costs , but next facts will show that the B787 supersedes the B707 ,starting with the flight ranges for the B787 is 7.635 nautical mile , B707 is
5.750 nautical miles , and for the max cruise

Boeing : The Production Of Military Fighter And Bomber...
The Boeing Aircraft Company started out specializing in the production of military fighter and bomber aircraft during the World War II era and then
transitioned to the commercial jet age. It was at this time that the company began producing commercial aircraft alongside military aircraft for profit.
Boeing received financial assistance from the government when they initially began development and production but it was not until many years later
that their investment became profitable and according to reports, "in the end, the707 was quite profitable, selling 25 percent above its average cost."
(Kerzner, p.92) Boeing's emergence into the commercial aircraft arena with their 747's was fraught with a lot of financial risks and difficulty it ... Show
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They surpassed and even forced out their biggest competitors in the industry, McDonnell Douglas and the Lockheed Corporation, because their
"Jumbo Jet had became Boeing 's most profitable aircraft and the industry 's most efficient jetliner." (Kerzner, p.92) Another deciding factor propelling
Boeing into the commercial airline sector was their burgeoning need to compete with the Airbus. "When the Airbus was prospering, the Boeing
Company was struggling with rising costs, declining productivity, delays in deliveries, and production inefficiencies. Boeing Commercial Aircraft
Group lost $1.8 billion in 1997 and barely generated any profits in 1998.18 All through the 1990s; the Boeing Company looked for ways to revitalize
its outdated production manufacturing system on the one hand, and to introduce leading edge technologies into its jetliners on the other. The
development and production of the 777, first conceived of in 1989, was an early step undertaken by Boeing managers to address both problems."
(Kerzner, p.93) In my assessment of the meetings, decisions and recommendations discussed between Philip Condit and Jim Guyette are as follows, I
believe that two entered in the agreement with a large breadth of respect for one another and an a legitimate desire to work together to bring their
combined and

Case study of Boeing Dreamliner
Title of case: Boeing 787 Dreamliner
Critical Facts:
Boeing is the world's largest manufacturer of military and commercial aircraft, which was founded in 1916 by William Boeing and Navy Engineer
Conrad Westervelt in the name of Pacific Aero Products Company in Seattle, which after active participation in World war
–I was renamed to Boeing
Airplane Company (Frederick, 2014).
Boeing produced several hundreds of B–17 Flying fortress during World War II which became the U.S Bomber. In 1950's Boeing faced a tough
competition from its opponent McDonnell–Douglas which was good at manufacturing propeller aircraft. Due to the increased reputation of its
competitor, Boeing entered into the field of manufacturing commercial Jet–aircrafts in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of this tool, Boeing wanted to collaborate its partners planning schedules and progress in work so as to ensure that no delay in
manufacturing. But Exostar which opted by Boeing posed problems during its runtime. Also as a part of cultural difference and due to lack of trust on
other suppliers some of the vendors involved in 787 design did not input accurate and timely information. As a result of this inaccurate information
Boeing had not discovered the problems at the early stages and in a timely fashion (Zhao, 2012).
Boeing during 2003 lost its share value to Airbus which is a strong opponent to it (Boeing Corporation, 2014). In order to regain its value in the
market Boeing decided to design an aircraft by enhancing its customers. So in the process of designing a new aircraft Boeing decided to use
composite carbon fiber instead of regular aluminum to an large extent which had not been implemented in the past. Because of this composite fibers
Boeing estimated to decrease the cost of travel for its passengers and to increase fuel efficiency. But this step backfired in getting air bubbles on the
skin of fuselage and nose during assembling of aircraft which resulted in delay of 787 Dreamliner (Pearlson & Saunders, 2013)
Boeing in the process of reduction in time and cost it opted a supply chain process in which it adopted from Toyota. Toyota manufactures its products
with short development life cycle with minimal risk and cost. Boeing in

The Unkonwn Whereabouts of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
The unknown whereabouts of Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 that disappeared on March 8, 2014, has left the families of the over 200 passengers
aboard heartbroken and devastated. Thus far, rescue units have failed to locate the massive Boeing 777 commercial jet, or any of the 227 passengers
and 12–flight crew on it. This catastrophic event happened, and is failing to be solved, because of the lack of necessary aircraft tracking, the struggle
of knowing where to look, and what faith to lean on and aircraft equipment failure.
Black boxes are modern electronic devices used now a days in some vehicles you see on the roads and also aircrafts such as the Boeing 777 used for
flight MH370. They gather and store important information about the vehicles speed, altitude, time of day and engine conditions. The purpose of this
device is to solve any reasoning behind plane crashes, as the black box has enough information to accurately tell you what went wrong, and why. So if
a black box could be the answer to solving what went wrong with this flight, then why hasn't it been solved yet? "A modern plane like the Malaysia
Airlines Boeing 777 is jacked full of computers and sensors spinning out enormous amounts of data, and yet the [black box] is connected to nothing.
While it's up in the real clouds, the [black boxes] systems have no contact with the technology cloud" (Maney, 2014, p. 1–5). The only time the
information on the black box could be used is if the black box is found in the

Substance Use Assessment Flight
Running head: SUBSTANCE USE ASSESSMENT–FLIGHT
Comprehensive Substance Use Assessment of the Character, Whip Whitaker, Portrayed by Denzel Washington in the Film Flight (2012) Written by
John Gantins and Directed by Robert Zemeckis
Russ Vollmer
University of New England. Abstract
This is a compressive substance use assessment performed by observation of the movie character, Whip Whitaker, from Flight (2012). Whip is a
high–functioning alcoholic and is able to function in many areas of his life while using. However, his use of substances have had negative effects in
his life and may have contributed to a very serious airline accident in which Whip was the captain of the flight. A full bio–psychosocial assessment and
substance abuse assessment utilizing the ASAM Criteria, along with treatment recommendations are explored. Comprehensive Substance Use
Assessment of the Character, Whip Whitaker, Portrayed by Denzel Washington in the Film Flight (2012) Written by John Gantins and Directed by
Robert Zemeckis
This story should be the story of a hero. The story of Whip Whitaker, an excellent pilot, who with a malfunctioning airline jet in a uncontrollable dive
to earth and with eminent death quickly approaching, remained calm and managed to control his own anxiety and direct others to execute an intuitive
and intelligent plan that allowed him to fly and crash land the jet in a controlled manner as to minimize the loss of life. Out of 102 souls on the flight
only 6

Boeing 787 Dreamliner: Time, Budget and Project...
Contents
Boeing 787 Dreamliner:
Time, Budget and Project Performance Analysis
1 Introduction.
1.1 In developing the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, Boeing executive management's initial decisions and project management strategies did not control the
four major measurements of project success: time, budget, performance and client acceptance (Pinto, 2013, pp. 35,36). This report analyses the
methodology and project management decisions that led to a project crisis and risk to Boeing's reputation.
2 Boeing history.
2.1 Boeing Aircraft Corporation, with a heritage of aircraft design, manufacture and assembly, dates back to July 1916 (Boeing, 2004). Recent aircraft
including 737, 747, 767, and 777 are all designed, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other companies, for example the Toyota Motor Company, use out–sourcing successfully to trusted companies with a high degree of product design
control as a method to reduce costs in production (Denning, 2013).
6.2 The Boeing model adopted was to spread the design and development to suppliers on a global scale with costs met by suppliers (Ostrower &
Lublin, 2013). A strategy such as this should have been tightly controlled from the outset. Without this control, difficulties in assembly and ill
–fitting
parts requiring redesign added to the delays experienced by the project (Denning, 2013), with hundreds of Boeing engineers sent to various companies
to solve technical problems (Tang & Zimmerman, 2009).
7 Communication and Cultural Risk.
7.1 Boeing management opted to control Tier 1 and Tier 2 integrators and their suppliers using a computer web based system, 'Exostar' (Denning, 2013).
This system intended to provide supply chain and logistics visibility and 'real time' monitoring to control process, development, time and cost. Due to
cultural differences and trust issues with this system, accurate and timely information was not entered by integrators and suppliers (Denning, 2013).
7.2 A Failure to understand the cultural differences with

What Went Wrong At Boeing
The 787 was conceived as a revolutionary design that would be a replacement for the aging 767, cost about the same, but be 20% more fuel efficient. It
would accomplish this by utilizing a construction of 50% composite – something never before attempted in the commercial aviation arena. In summary,
Boeing was endeavoring to build a brand new clean–sheet aircraft from materials never used, using methods never attempted, and using a supply chain
more far reaching than ever experienced by the plane maker.
In retrospect, it may be easy to see why the 787 has had so many problems. The problems are so large that Forbes was prompted to publish an article
titled, "What Went Wrong atBoeing." (Denning 2013) Boeing has worked through most of its supply chain woes and has delivered over 60 787s to
date. Boeing is now designing a next generation version of its supremely popular 777, the 777–8/9.
Boeing's desire to reduce costs and production time by relying risk–taking suppliers to design and produce major aircraft components has led to many
failures and cost overruns in the 787 program. In order for Boeing to avoid the pitfalls of the 787 program, Boeing must take the lessons of the past in
concert with good technology to ensure good management of the new 777 supply chain. Literature Review
Boeing's move toward a supply chain that relied on utilizing risk–taking suppliers for the 787 was meant to reduce the design timeframe and shorten
the production cycle, however it actually

Essay On Boeing
Executive Summary
In fierce competition with Boeing, venture into VLA segment – as a rather neglected segment by Boeing – could pose as a strategic opportunity for
Airbus which it could utilize to build a competitive advantage combined with its technological resources and capabilities. However, its assumptions of
a drastic increase in VLAs demanded in next 20 years along with its ability to satisfy most of this are too optimistic. Provided that these assumptions
(inc. breakeven points, initial order requirements) are normalized, A3XX is a project worthy to pursue for Airbus in order to exploit a neglected spot
on the perceptional map – long–haul + big capacity. When we hold the market itself continues to grow as proposed in the case, this ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
We don't have a market risk premium value at hand for aviation sector but even if it is 15% – the rate of return Airbus presumes – then 3.9% +
0.84X(15–3.9) = 13.2. So the project seems feasible. However, when we apply the operating margin of 15%–20% as the source of cash flow per plane,
we see that from 288 to 385 planes would be needed for a breakeven to compensate investment costs. If we also take into consideration of the fact
that these payments will not be made all in the first year, each cash flow will need to be discounted based on real interest rate (3.9%) and the year in
question. We can easily say, if the plane price is not appropriated accordingly each year, the breakeven point will go even farther away from what
Airbus imagined.
As for competition, Boeing had built approximately 85% of the industry's current fleet, which indicates the high experience and brand awareness of
Boeing in the industry, which is a competitive advantage in terms of strong service level. 747–400 is the only model that can be seen as an alternative
to the new Airbus VLA models. Boeing's 747 launch case indicates that this kind of decision to make for Airbus should based on long term projections.
It can be seen as unnecessary for the

Implementing Efficient Fleet Planning And Increase...
One of the most effective ways to implement efficient fleet planning and increase profitability is to purchase modern and fuel–efficient aircraft.
Typically, when placing an order for new aircraft, airline companies utilize options, which enable them to purchase additional airliners at an agreed
upon rate in the future (Kodukula & Papudesu, 2006). In this manner, airlines are able to update their fleet and invest into modern aircraft while
postponing the acquisition of additional airliners until the efficiency of the aircraft model and its suitability to a particular market have been ascertained.
It needs to be stressed that, with regards to selecting the most efficient aircraft, different types of airline will utilize different fleet planning strategies.
Thus, non–scheduled carriers, cargo operators, low–cost carriers, and leasing companies will apply different criteria with regards to fleet planning
(Clark, 2012). In this section, the present report focuses on major U.S. airlines such as American Airlines, Delta Airlines, andUnited Airlines to examine
strategies mobilized by airline companies when purchasing new aircraft. In addition, Korean Air will be considered so as to better gauge the current
situation of the US airlines' flight operations by the way of a comparison with a major international airline.
American Airlines
American Airlines boasts one of the largest fleets in the world (Abeyratne, 2012). When planning its fleet and engaging in the aircraft

Background of Boeing Corporation
Background– The Boeing Corporation is one of the United States' largest exporters and is a predominant aerospace and defense corporation. Boeing is
the world's largest global aircraft manufacturer (by deliveries and revenue), and the second–largest defense and aerospace contractor (Defense
Contractor Ranking, 2008). Airbus is an aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of EADS, a European aerospace company. It is a merged consortium of
several aircraft manufacturers, and is based in France. Airbus is continually neck in neck in competition with Boeing; Airbus winning some of the
features (largest aircraft), Boeing the others (more revenue) (Heppenheimer, 2006; Casadesus–Masanell, 2007).
Legal, Cultural, and Ethical Challenges– The very crux of the Boeing–Airbus conundrum is the manner in which each is able to use governmental
contracts or subsidies to compete. Up until the late 1980s, prior to the merger of several European companies, Boeing was the undisputed leader in
global aircraft design and manufacturing. From the mid–1990s onward, though, Airbus and Boeing have been in heavy competition for market share
(See Figure 1) (Airbus vs. Boeing, 2006). Prior to this fervent "war," Boeing believed Airbus had "an unfair competitive advantage due to the level of
subsidy it received from the governments of Great Britain, France, Germany and Spain" (Boeing Versus Airbus: Two Decades of Trade Disbutes, 310).
Culturally, Boeing is moving to a more globalist approach, outsourcing many of

We Must Go Wrong Will Going Wrong
Anything that can go wrong will go wrong. Even with the knowledge that human error, internal and external factors can, do, and will affect the
outcome of any given task, individuals strive towards creating environments in which risk levels can be safely and satisfactorily managed by facing
those threats head on. There is a lesson behind each disappointment or negative outcome that leads us to a greater understanding of and appreciation for
our surroundings. More importantly, this newfound knowledge and experience contribute to the evolution of safer, more manageable systems that are
capable of anticipating future threats to any given environment. This type of learning is especially beneficial in the aviation industry. Without a true
appreciation of the costly mistakes that have forever changed the face of the industry, aviation would neither have evolved into the safest mode of
transportation in the world, nor would it be as rich in technological and human behavioral resources. We've spent the last years in aviation focusing on
increasing safety by trying to perfect the aircraft only to learn, as Wilbur Wright stated, "[that] the safety of the operator is more important than any
other point. Greater prudence is needed rather than greater skill." Wright suggests that it is not a measure of technology or individual crewmember
capabilities, rather the issue at the center of aviation is the lack of caution and preparation that exists within the cabin. Information gathered from

The Accident Investigation Of The Crash
Background
Following the in–flight disintegration of the Kanishka, most of the aircraft came to rest on the ocean floor almost 7,000 feet below the surface.
During the accident investigation that followed, the submerged wreckage was surveyed, photographed and videotaped, and pieces were recovered
off the ocean floor. Floating wreckage was also recovered and examined. Each piece was given a unique number called a "target". The RCMP
returned to the crash site for two subsequent salvage operations in 1989 and 1991 during which further underwater video footage was captured and
further wreckage recovered. Of the 465 targets observed on the ocean floor, 159 were positively identified as aircraft components or as coming from
particular parts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The significance of this expert evidence lies primarily in their differing opinions regarding the location of the bomb that precipitated the destruction
of the Kanishka. The Crown theory, supported by the opinion evidence of Professor Christopher Peel, is that it was located in Baggage Area 52,
which contained the M. Singh bag. The defence theory, supported by the opinion evidence of Dr. Edward Trimble and Mr. Frank Taylor, is that it was
located some five feet forward of that location in Baggage Area 51, containing luggage checked in at Toronto. A conclusion that the defence evidence
raises a reasonable doubt with respect to the Crown's bomb location would fundamentally undermine its theory about the role of these accused in the
alleged offences. Thus, while the distance between the two proposed bomb locations is remarkably small, its significance is great.
Qualifications of Expert
The Crown called Christopher Peel, an expert in physical metallurgy; specifically, the effects of internal detonations on the structure of aircraft.
Professor Peel is currently Technical Director for the Future Systems Technologies division of QinetiQ, a partly privatized amalgamation of the United
Kingdom Ministry of Defense's research establishments. During his career, he has been involved in over 20 investigations of internal detonations in
civilian transport aircraft, including

The Lead Up For Current Business Level Strategy
The Lead up to current Business–level Strategy Since the inception of the company, General Electric put great emphasis on innovation. Creating the
first Industrial Research Laboratory of its kind in 1900, the company introduces copious amount of new products to the world ever since. This Lab
allowed the company to generate new products that would facilitate the creation of future profitable ideas. The dedicated team of scientists and
engineers could create new products and improve existing products such as the light bulb in order to differentiate them from other competitors in the
market. This practice enabled the company to gain a distinctive competency in developing future products, in tern granting General Electric competitive
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1981 with the arrival of the new CEO, Jack Welsh, the new corporate strategy was implemented with emphasis on performance and efficiency. This
move toward efficiency reduced innovation in the company, moving it away from its differentiation strategies. General Electric diversified itself by
investing and acquiring a slew of companies that it recognized to be profitable. GE operated in more than eight different industries. The management
sough to maintain a limited number of sectors that had great growth potential and performance. GE 's portfolio of business divisions involved Power &
Water, Aviation, Healthcare, Oil & Gas, Energy Management, Appliances & Lighting, Transportation, GE Capital, and others. The company wide
policy was to implement six sigma quality control, digitization, and globalization. Jack Welsh also aimed to create and nurture the development of
talent and leadership in the company.
Current Business–level Strategies With the arrival of New CEO, Jeff Immelt, in 2001 the company went through a reformation once more. Immelt
intended to disband the conglomerate corporate strategy and instead concentrate on GE 's core competencies relating to advanced technologies and
services in order to deliver superior "highly customized products to high growth markets" (Bucifal, 2009). This new strategy hearkened back to the
companies original differentiation strategy, and emphasis

Purpose Of Qantas
Nature of business
Singapore Airlines Ltd. (SIA) has progress beyond expectations since its establishing in 1972, advancing from a regional airline to one of the most
respected travel brands globally. The company mission is "to provide air transportation services of the highest quality and to maximise returns for the
benefit of its shareholders and employees". With this, SIA operates and serves more than 60 cities in over 30 countries around the world, with our
Singapore Girl being our universally recognised icon providing exclusive services and care to customers. Additionally, it makes a habit of leading the
way, and along the path developed a reputation for being an industry trendsetter.
2Competitive Environment
2.1Competitors
Seeking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a complimentary service that is offered to Qantas customers travelling in First and Business from London Heathrow, Dubai, Sydney and
Melbourne. Passengers will be collected in a luxury vehicle and driven to the airport to meet their flight. On arrival at their destination, they will be
met by another chauffeur service and driven to their hotel, office or home. The strong branding and exclusive top–notch services provided by Qantas is
definitely a threat to Singapore Airlines

Competitor Analysis
Competitor Analysis of Cathay Pacific Airlines
Cathay Pacific Airways is an international airline registered and based in Hong Kong, offering scheduled cargo and passenger services to more than
110 destinations around the world. The main competitors of Cathay Pacific are Singapore Airlines and China Southern Airlines . In this competitor
analysis for Cathay Pacific we will assess China Southern Airlines only. 1. What are the objectives of this competitor? The objectives of China
Southern Airlines are as follows: * To build an international network–oriented airline with core competitiveness and sustainable profitability. * Core
value of "customer first * striving for excellence * continuous innovation and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Green Flight & Social Responsibilities
China Southern Airlines has placed the highest concern to the welfare of the nation and its social responsibility to the Chinese society. In 2007,
China Southern took a leadership role by releasing the first in a series of reports on the Civil Aviation Administration of China's corporate social
responsibility ... and incorporated these corporate social objectives into its strategic business plan.The airline has been honored for its commitments to
the society with varied awards from leading aviation and government organizations. 3. What does this competitor believes about this industry? This
competitor believes that by engaging and accepting social responsibility and giving the best customer service it can attract more customers and
succeed more and more and one day it will become the favorite airline and perhaps the largest in Asia. They believe to be successful and be one of the
big players in this industry; they should first put customers before anything else. Giving the greatest customer service, emphasizing on new technology
and caring more on safety is the key to success. 4.What are its strengths and weaknesses? Strenghts:
1. Largest air transport network in China with access to over 150 cities and over 600 domestic routes.
2. Centrally located in Guangdong for easy access to the rapid industrial growth of the Pearl River Delta.

Boeing 787
The Pennsylvania State University Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering IE466: Concurrent Engineering
Individual Homework #1 – Boeing 787: The Dreamliner
Boeing 787: The Dreamliner Case Study (download from Angel) During the past decade, Boeing watched as their competitor, Airbus, launched
several new and very successful aircraft. In 2004, Airbus surpassed Boeing in commercial airplanes delivered and future orders placed. This is the
first time that Boeing has ever lost its leading market share. The 787 is the first new airplane that Boeing has introduced to the market in a decade.
This case study examines how the 787 is strategically transforming Boeing's approach to aircraft ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With all the steps that Boeing took, it was guaranteed that Boeing would be successful in the market.
2. How does the approach used for the 787's development differ fundamentally from other airplane projects undertaken by Boeing?
The approach that Boeing 787 took was fundamentally different than other airplane projects undertaken by Boeing. Boeing built 70% of the products
of Boeing 787 from different countries of the world. Boeing has a long–standing reputation to be secretive with their projects, so it was a big step for
Boeing to break their privacy and work with a group of people across geographical boundaries. 35% of the plane's structure was supplied from
Japan. Approximately, 26% of the products were supplied from Italy. There were teams of 15 companies responsible for the structure of the plane,
10 teams from USA and the rest from seven other countries. A lot of the other products were also ordered from different parts of the world,
including the vertical fin from Frederickson as well as the fixed and movable leading edges of the wing from Tulsa. Once all the parts were built, they
were sent back to USA for the assembly. Also, 787 would be the first aircraft of its kind to bring long–range capabilities to a midsized airplane. It was
also the first time Boeing had its structural suppliers fund their own research and development so that suppliers had a greater

Aviation Accidents
The world of aviation is a beautiful thing, dominated by massive airplanes powering through the sky. In the United States, almost 900 million
passengers traveled on scheduled airliner service in the year 2016. Take 900 million and add in general civilian flights, and the number passes one
billion people. Having so many people traveling requires a great amount of timing and training to accomplish such an outcome. The text below provides
information on airplane accidents and factors relating to them. The most important factor touched upon in the text is human error. Human error plays a
role in all aviation accidents, and eliminating it is a main focus of the aviation community. Risk assessment and mitigation is a main component to
preventing aircraft accidents. Key Words: Domestic, AOPA, FAA, ATC, Fatality, Mitigation, ADM The last recorded fatality on a U.S.
–certificated
scheduled airline flight was on Feb. 12, 2009, when Colgan Air Flight 3407 crashed in Buffalo, New York. As of the date this paper was composed,
that is almost 9 years ago. In that time, roughly 6.1 billion people have traveled using a domestic airliner, and in that time not a single U.S.–certified
flight has had a fatality relating to a crash. Airplane travel is one of the safest means of travel to date. Yet, the topic of airliner safety is still a pressing
issue, not due to the amount of accidents, but the volume of life that could be lost in one. Aviation training is strict, the amount of

The Impact of Large Aircraft on Aircraft Management Essay
According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aircraft certification, "a large aircraft refers to an aircraft of more than 12,500 pounds which
is the maximum certificated takeoff weight." The heaviest and largest aircraft in the world have a maximum takeoff weight of over 600 tons. Since
larger aircraft have greater capacity, as well as advanced technological features, airport management needs to make changes that cater to their
operation. The first reaction of management at large airports was to restrict the new, large aircraft by assigning them to specific terminals, routes and
runways. However, this led to delays and air traffic congestion. Given the growing number of new, large aircraft, the only safe and efficient way to...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This new standard calls for taxiways and runways to be widened, along with taxiways–to–taxiways and the runways–to–taxiways.
Although the arrival of these new aircraft has eased airport congestion and continues to meet passenger needs, it presents numerous challenges for
airport management. As a result, various changes have been made and others are to be put into effect. The super jumbo is 400,000 pounds heavier, 11
feet longer, 41 feet wider and 15 feet taller than Boeing jumbo jets (Yeamans, 2006). This aircraft, then, requires longer and widerlanding space, and
airport management has increased airport pavement areas. Where existing land did not allow for expansion, additional land has been identified and
new airports constructed.
Similarly, the increase in the number of passengers has created a need for more gate–hold rooms. New, large aircraft have significantly affected
passenger flow, in terms of the queuing network system (Chiu and Walton, 2003). In some airports, adjacent gates may not operate when large planes,
such as the super jumbo and the A380, are loading and unloading. Gate capacities have increased more than twofold in airports that have large aircraft.
In order to maintain their services, then, many airport managements have increased their number of gate–hold rooms.
Airports have also expanded the capacity of baggage handling, concourses, ticket

Compare And Contrast Boeing And Airbus
Boeing Vs Airbus
In today's marketplace, distinct differences in the way competitive products work have become increasingly rare. But functional product differentiation
is exactly what the rivalry between the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787 Dreamliner is all about: Two companies with fundamentally different
products, based on diametrically opposite visions of the future, engaged in a Hatfields versus McCoys battle with billions of dollars at stake.
Each company has made a series of big bets.
The Airbus A380 super–jumbo is a plane for the annals of aviation history. When it goes into service later this year, it will be the biggest, baddest
airliner around, capable of ferrying from 550 to 800 passengers (depending on configuration). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If Airbus made comparable efforts, we are hard–pressed to find the evidence.
The ordeals of air travel after Sept. 11, 2001, make even short flights feel like long hauls. Did people really tell Airbus that they are perfectly happy to
stand in more lines in exchange for a cocktail lounge? Airbus could not be reached for comment.
Boeing versus Airbus is one of the most hard–fought, closely watched marketing battles out there. It's also one of the most fascinating. Not long ago, it
appeared as if Airbus had gained the upper hand. If Boeing succeeds in winning this battle ––and it appears to be well on its way––it will amount to one
of the great reversals of business fortunes. It will also serve as proof of the wisdom of understanding the marketplace well enough to lead, rather than
follow.
Airbus
In the summer of 1988, a group of Airbus engineers led by Jean Roeder began working in secret on the development of a ultra–high–capacity airliner ,
both to complete its own range of products and to break the dominance that Boeing had enjoyed in this market segment since the early 1970s with its
747. McDonnell Douglas unsuccessfully offered its smaller, double–deck MD–12 concept for sale . Roeder was given approval for further evaluations
of the UHCA after a formal presentation to the

Research Paper On Airbus A380
The biggest commercial aircraft on the market right now is the Airbus A380. This amazing feat of engineering is so spectacular that it is the biggest
that a commercial aircraft can be! The airbus A380 can be described in many different ways, most people call it spectacular or even just flat out
amazing that something this big can even get off the ground. While the industry continues to make improvements to flight, they are also keeping the
costs down, so that anyone flying can experience flying in an Airbus, especially if they are traveling abroad. Many would say that the idea of building
the Airbus was thought of by a French transport minister named Jean Chamant and a German economics minister, named Karl Schiller in 1969, but in
all actuality, the idea was originated in in 1967 by ministers in France, Germany and Britain. They all agreed "for the purpose of strengthening
European co–operation in the field of aviation technology and thereby promoting economic and technological progress in Europe, to take appropriate
measures for the joint development and production of an airbus" (Early Days, 1967–1969). They knew that if they did not come up with a new concept
for air flight, that the Americans would always be the leaders in the aircraft industry.
They knew it would take the effort of not just one country, but many that had built different aspects of planes, and were well known for that
contribution. France was to supply the cockpit, the control systems, and the lower

Impact Of The Aviation Industry On Unplanned Events That...
2.0. introduction: The purpose of this report is to outline 3 significant changes made to the aviation industry due to unplanned events that have occurred
in the last 20 years. 3 factors/events that have influenced changes in the commercial aviation industry will be thoroughly investigated. 3.0. The events:
1.|UAV incident A drone used to film the grand final between Australia and New Zealand crashed just south of an arena in Melbourne. The ATSB
found that radio frequency interference was the cause of the crash. (TURF MATE , 2016)The possible effects of an increased volume of radio
frequency, mainly due to the use of mobile phones and broadcasting stations at the arena were the major contributing factors leading to... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
After collecting more than a million pieces of debris investigators found that the fire came from the planes in–flight entertainment network. Vulnerable
Arcing wires above the cockpit set fire to the flammable fuselage insulation causing it to spread rapidly. (CBC News , 2013) 4.0. Future
implications: 1. Due to this accident and many other UAV incidents CASA has responded to this issue by enforcing and creating new rules when
operating a drone. This year 2016 CASA has introduced strict rules for drone operators such as, drones being kept more than 30 metres away from
other people and must not be flown over crowds at beaches or sporting events. (Digital life, 2016). Drones also need to be operated in daylight where
the operator can see them and should be kept for at least more than five kilometres from airports while staying below 121–metre–height limit. CASA
also made deals with major drone companies to include the regulations inside each box and also covering the importance of appropriate operational
controls and procedures covering drones. (RPAS, 2016) These strict rules are not only because of the increasing numbers of incidents but because of
the increasing number of drone's in the air. Anybody can purchase a drone from fifty dollars to thousands of dollars making it such an affordable and
accessible toy. Because they are airborne objects drones represent threats to people and property. Especially when faults occur in equipment or in the

Review of the Boeing vs Airbus Case Study
Review of the Boeing VS Airbus Case Study
Introduction
In the market for large aircraft demand the emerging niche for very large aircraft (VLCT aircraft seating more than 400 passengers) saw only two
competitors: Boeing and Airbus. Even though both competitors' moves were clearly marked by technology enhancements, and different target markets
but both exhibited strategic interdependence.
Option with Boeing:
Boeing being the market leader for almost a decade as a manufacturer of large commercial aircraft and had also reached economies of scale, the need to
sustain its market share it presumed that "customers might demand for new". Any potential growth was only through taking super leap and making
VLCT jumbo aircraft which needed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ENTRY BARRIER (HIGH)
High capital requirements to establish +huge set up+ large investments + economies of scale/scope: Boeing having advantage over Airbus in large
commercial aircraft sector.
Access to distributers/suppliers/manufacturers:
Fear of retaliation
Competition due to market expansion
Learning curve has to be steep, i.e. Cost reduction has to be fast with change in technology
New entry has to match up with level of technology + new innovations

2. EXIT BARRIER (HIGH)
Cost of shutting down is high
3. THREAT OF SUBSITUTES IN VLCT AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
– (LOW)
No substitutes– High perceived level of technology and economies of scale ,easy substitutes difficult to find. Boeing being market leader because of
Boeing 747 fuel efficient long range jets .Airbus having total power in Europe no easy substitute as government involvement and support.
Establishing relations with new dealers, suppliers networking is tough.
Switching cost is high–changing suppliers, shipping sources is tough.
Propensity of buyer to switch to other alternatives is low because cost like – pilot training cost + mechanics + engineers +maintenance cost are also
high.
No switching between low range fleet and large fleet because –larger fleet preferred usually as "the larger the plane , the

Case Study On Airbus
Executive Summary
The purpose of this report is to examine and analyse the problems that Airbus has encountered while they were developing the A3XX and to
recommend methods that Airbus could have implemented and things they could have done differently to prevent them from arriving at those roadblocks.
The case study report draws attention to the competition between the two big shots of the aviation market. In 1990, Airbus decided to enter the Very
Large Aircraft (VLA) market by introducing and developing the A3XX as they wanted to compete with the market's dominator,Boeing and its infamous
747. In the beginning both firms independently explored the practicability of launching a superjumbo and then decided to collaborate on the project. ...
However, 20–year demand forecast for VLA passenger jets for both firms were not, with 330 by Boeing versus 1235 by Airbus. This variation
reflects both Airbus and Boeing's perspective differences towards industry evolution. While Airbus looks towards greater capacity aircrafts, Boeing
looks towards greater fragmentation of aircrafts. Airbus believes the problem of growing demand cannot be fully solved by increased flights and new
routes as it is only a short–term solution. Demand forecast related, Airbus did not take into consideration that even with all its advantages, not all major
airlines would want to buy the A3XX unless it demonstrates that it can profit the

Boeing vs Airbus
The commercial airplane manufacturing industry is dominated by two large players, Boeing and Airbus. They operate in a very competitive
environment and the strategies of one strongly impact the business of the other.
For almost 40 years, the Boeing 747 or Jumbo Jet, the largest airplane in the world, has enjoyed a monopoly and has brought in large profits for Boeing.
Roughly 10 years ago, Airbus decided to look into to the possibility of manufacturing an even larger and more efficient plane.
Your assignment is to write up a case study on Airbus ' decision to product what is now called the Airbus 380. In your study include the international
competitive environment, the need (or lack of) for a super Jumbo, and the implications on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also has a lower cabin noise and the effects of jetlag than the Boeing 747.
At 555 passengers, the A380 's seating capacity represents a 35% increase over the 747–400 in a standard three–class configuration, along with a 50%
larger cabin volume – producing more space per passenger. If, however, the plane is ordered in an all–economy–class configuration, it can hold up to
853 passengers; its maximum certified carrying capacity.
Airport compatibility
The A380 was designed to fit within an 80 x 80 m airport gate[33], and can land or take off on any runway that can take a Boeing 747. However,
airports used by the A380 in commercial service may need infrastructure modifications. Its large wingspan can require some taxiway and apron
reconfigurations, to maintain safe separation margins when two of the aircraft pass each other. Taxiway shoulders may be required to be paved to
reduce the likelihood of foreign object damage caused to (or by) the outboard engines, which overhang more than 25 m (80 ft) from the centre line
of the aircraft. Any taxiway or runway bridge must be capable of supporting the A380 's maximum weight. The terminal gate must be sized such that
the A380 's wings do not block adjacent gates, and may also provide multiple jetway bridges for simultaneous boarding on both decks. Service
vehicles with lifts capable of reaching the upper deck must be obtained, as well as tractors capable of

The Assembly and Components of the Boeing 727 Essay
Objectives:
There are thousands of jobs performed on the Queen of the sky, the Boeing 747 also called as the jumbo jet, for its final assembly. 747 is an
advanced long range airliner, it is a product of complex, demanding collaborative design process. 747 is an icon of the modern age. It is the longest
airliner in the world. This system is comprised of components which are complex, independent and interacts to achieve a common goal.
Introduction:
The birth of the Jumbo jet in the late 1960's heralded the modern intercontinental mass transportation. It represents the impressive results of an
intensive engineering, design process and also the spirit of its era, a time when belief in progress, including access to air travel, was a phenomenal ...
A number of other governments also use 747 as a VIP transport.
Military and security: YAL–1, C–33, Evergreen 747, 747 CMCA supertanker are military versions of 747. YAL
–1, C–33, Evergreen 747, 747 CMCA
supertanker are military versions of 747.
Scientific: SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy) is used in the joint venture of NASA and DLR for scientific research.
Commercial: There are a number of airliners dealing with Boeing 747 commercially for transporting passengers across the world like
a)Pan Am,b) Qantas Freight,c) Air China,
d) Air France,e) Lufthansa,f) Air Atlantic,
g) Air India,h) All Nippon Airways,i) Kenya airways,
j) Asiana Airlines,k) Korean Airlines,l) Cargolux,
m) Fly Emirates,n) Singapore Airlines,o) EVA Air,
p) Thai Airways,q) Etihad Airways,r) British Airways,
s) Atlas Air,t) Kalitta Air,u) Southern Air.
Context Diagram:
Interface Matrix:
Systems and Sub–systems:
Fuselage:

AC
Entertainment
Seating Arrangement
Audio
Video
Telephone
Cargo
Lights
Dining
Rest Room
Propulsion:
Propeller
Thrust
Air Lift
Flight Control
Main Panel
Overhead Panel
Pedestal
AFT Isle Stand
Flight Management Computer
Sensors
Safety:
Emergency Exit
Life Vest
First Aid
Seat Belt
Oxygen Mask
Electrical:
Generators
Wiring
Loads
Navigation:
High Freq Radar
Communication

Weather Condition
Altitude

Jumbo Jet Research Paper
This paper dives into the architecting and design of the Boeing 747, the world's first jumbo jet. The key architects of this colossal system will be
introduced along with the system requirements that led to the system design decisions of the 747. Major subsystems of the aircraft will be examined,
along with the legacy and future of the system today. Heuristics applied throughout the architecting of the system as well as the numerous trade–off
analyses performed will be explained as the paper progresses. Introduction In today's world, air travel is seen as just another transportation method
available to the traveling public. It is possible for anyone to fly almost anywhere they'd like, usually with many options of which airline to fly with.
Traveling by air is not too expensive for the typical traveler either, considering most domestic flights only cost a few hundred dollars and international
flights usually cost around a thousand dollars. This relatively easy access to fast and cost... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The aircraft had the capability to hold up to 366 passengers in a 3–class configuration and transport those passengers 5,300 nmi at a speed of up to
Mach 0.89. Jetting into the air was the six story high tail of the aircraft, and just as impressive was its nearly 200 ft wing span. The weight of the
aircraft was 358,000 pounds, and it had a maximum takeoff weight of 735,000 pounds. Each of the four original Prate & Whitney engines had
46,500 pounds of force. Key Architects Many people were involved in the architecture and build of the 747. Surprisingly, one of the first people
involved was Juan Trippe, the President of Pan Am Airlines. Pan Am Airlines was the dominate international airline in the 1960's and was
experiencing an increase in airline traffic of 15% per year (Van Doren). Trippe decided that to meet the demand, the company would need to either:
Increase aircraft speed Increase the number of flights;

Large Aircraft Essays
The A–380 is becoming more popular as airlines look for ways to move the maximum amount of passengers for the least money (Stafford, 2006). The
A380 is made in passenger or freight versions. The A380–800 is the largest passenger plane in the world. When passenger areas are divided into three
classes, the A380 can seat 550 passengers. When the entire plane is designated economy class, it can seat 853 people. There is 50% more cabin floor
space than the Boeing 747 because the A380s upper deck goes the entire length of the fuselage ("Airbus a380 airfield,"2011). In 2010 there were already
over 30 in use and more are expected in the near future (Young & Wells, 2011, p. 473). Due to the size and weight of the aircraft, airports will have...
According to FAA Order 5300, airports may "submit Modifications of Standard (MOS) requests for review of non–standard compliance items as long
as safety is not compromised". Making modification would be much less expensive and less time consuming for the airports that are able to do them.
Some design standards to allow for safe use of the A380 include blast pad dimensions to be 250 x 400 feet ("Airbus a380 airfield,"2011).
Many smaller airports will not be able to fit the larger airbus and the A380 will be limited to only the large, hub airports better able to accommodate
them. Smaller airports may have to be used as feeder airports that will connect passengers to the large airports and the A380s. This could be a problem
of increased congestion with the existing slot system if more connecting flights are needed and there are no more gates available or slot time (Ruehle,
Goetsch, & Koch, 2006).
At this time intercontinental routes use the hub and spoke system. This method allows airlines to bundle an increased number of passengers on the
flights. The draw–back is that it also leads to a more complex feeder flight schedule. Those airports with the facilities and room to support the airbuses
would then become hubs for those aircraft flights. To be profitable and fill enough seats, airports with the most potential passengers would need to be
paired for flights. Any delay or cancellation would have a domino effect, costing more

Airbus
Term Paper on Airbus
INTRODUCTION
In December 2000, Airbus formally committed to develop and launch a super jumbo plane known as the A380 at a launch cost of $13 billion. Prior to
and after Airbus' commitment, Boeing started and canceled several initiatives aimed at developing a "stretch jumbo" with capacity in between its
existing jumbo (the 747) and Airbus' planned super jumbo.
In addition to making the super jumbo one of the largest product launch decisions in corporate history, this figure represented 26% of total industry
revenues in 2000 ($45.6 billion) and more than 70% of Airbus' total revenues in 2000. The inherent risk associated with this major strategic
commitment is magnified by the fact that Airbus must spend the entire ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
$185 million. Developing the first passenger model and the freighter version of the super jumbo is expected to cost $13 billion.
Between June 2000, when the Airbus supervisory board gave approval to begin marketing the plane, and December 2000, airlines placed orders for
50 super jumbos and bought options on another 42 planes. With these orders in hand, including a number from important 747 customers such as
Singapore Airlines and Qantas Airlines, the Airbus board officially launched the new plane. According to its internal projections, Airbus forecast a
need for more than 1,500 planes of this size over the next 20 years, expected to capture up to half the market. In addition, Airbus estimates it will
break even with sales of 250 planes (on an accounting, but not cash flow basis) and they currently have 100 firm orders and extra 100 options.
On March 29th, 2001, Boeing announced it was stopping the development of its stretch jumbo and would begin development of a new aircraft known
as the sonic cruiser (7E7). This plane would fly faster (Mach 0.95 vs. Mach 0.80), higher, and more quietly than existing aircraft. It would also be
significantly smaller than the stretch jumbo (200 passengers vs. 520 passengers), though it would cost more to develop ($9 billion vs. $4 billion). The
sonic cruiser is not only more consistent with Boeing's predictions regarding industry evolution towards greater point–to–point travel, but also adds a
third dimension–speed–to the

Outliers : The Story Of Success
We are presented with a theory that there aren't any successful self–made people, which we know is contrary to popular beliefs. This theory was
presented by Malcolm Gladwell in his book, Outliers: The Story of Success. The theory is further defined by the premise that holds that success is
enabled by a person's culture, environment, when and where they were born, and a strong work ethic. These theories and examples of success are
analyzed using the textbook, Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills (2015) by Andrew DuBrin. Several examples are provided in this
paper that illustrate and support Gladwell's thoughts on opportunity and cultural legacy.
An Analysis of Outliers: The Story of Success
Outliers is Malcolm Gladwell 's examination of what makes some people excessively more successful than others. These "outliers," as he calls them,
are commonly thought to possess talent and intelligence far above that of the average person, but he challenges this popular belief by looking at the
background of some notable outliers.
Further, he argues that people are more a product of their environment, culture, life experiences and even when a person was born. Andrew DuBrin
textbook provides theories and concepts of leadership that can be correlated to the actions of the good people mentioned in Gladwell's book. It would
make sense to say that the success of individuals would come from something more than what is within the individual.
Discussion
Malcolm Gladwell (2008)

Safety Management System ( Sms )
(1) Introduction
Safety Management System (SMS) can be defined as "a systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structures,
accountabilities, policies and procedures" (Safety Management Manual, 2013). It is designed to identify hazards, analysing and collecting data and
manage safety risks encountered during the delivery of its services (Safety Management Manual, 2013).
According to Safety Management Manual (2013), the fundamental Safety Management System (SMS) framework consists of four main components
and twelve sub elements. These are the 4 components and 12 sub–elements:
i) Safety policy and objectives
–Management commitments and responsibilities
–Safety accountabilities
–Appointment of key safety personnel
–Coordination of emergency response planning
–SMS documentation ii) Safety risk management
–Hazard identification
–Risk assessment and mitigation iii) Safety assurance
–Safety performance monitoring and measurement
–The management of change
–Continuous improvement of the SMS
iv) Safety promotion
–Training and education
–Safety communication
(2) Analysis Methodology
The Swiss Cheese Model of accident causation illustrates the occurrence of catastrophic system failures. In the model, there are holes in each cheese
and it represents a safety barrier to a particular hazard. According to the Swiss cheese model (Safety Management Manual, 2013), some of holes in
defences are due to active failures, however, some of other holes in the

Lockheed L1011 Case Study, a Recommendation Essays
To: The Board of Directors
From: David F. Akin, Esq.
RE:Recommendation Regarding the Tri Start Wide–body Aircraft Project
Date: 1971 early 72ish
Recommendation:
The L–1011 project should be canceled.
Cancelling the L–1011 project will increase shareholder value by $161.92 per share.
Excluding preproduction sunk costs, including a cost of capital 16%, and sales of 113 units and a per unit sales price of $16 million, the net present
value (NPV) of continuing with the Tri Star is –$ 1,829,666,246.
Rationale for Decision:
Our original sales expectations were based on the assumption that we would capture 35% to 40% of the large body market. We further projected air
travel growth of 10%. This would result in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of considerable concern is that Boeing and McDonnel Douglas have a significant head start in the market. In a shrinking market, the Tri Star, though
far superior to the competition, may have missed the window of opportunity. Airline revenues are down while labor and fuel costs are rising. This will
drive down demand for all producers of wide–body aircraft.
One final and significant concern is the subject of crashes due to explosive decompression (See "The Wave Dynamics of Explosive Decompression in
Jumbo Jets", by V.E. Haloulakas, Eng. D. 1975). Given our current financial condition, wrongful death lawsuits from the families of 400 passengers
from just one crash would bankrupt the finest aircraft manufacturer the world has ever known. An average wrongful death judgment of $300,000 would

cost $120 million, excluding litigation and potential punitive damages. This combined with the doubtful chances of this project producing any profit
makes canceling the project crucial to Lockheed's future.
Conclusion
Canceling this project is a restructuring theme that will have the goal of improving overall–profit margin through a narrower focus on the company's
core military project business. Our competitors are already well established in the civilian aircraft market. We are not ignorant of the significant
financial, emotional and reputational investment

A Joint Feasibility Study Of Ultra High Capacity Aircraft
Section 1 Goal and Scope
In late 1993, Airbus, with its three main consortium members Aerospatiale, British Aerospace and Defence Analytical Services and Advice (DASA),
started a joint feasibility study of ultra–high capacity aircraft (UHCA).1 The study showed a need for up to 727 UHCA between 2001 and 2011.2
With world passenger numbers growing at 5 per cent each year, taking off and landing slots at major airports will be limited.Airbus believed that
UHCA, providing more efficient use of ramp and runway space, will be part of the solution to the growing congestion.
Airbus' competitor Boeing netted 40 new sales of their 747 model, worth $6.5 billion (USD) in 1994.3 This had portrayed Airbus' inability to
compete at this high value end of the market. With the mounting sense of urgency, Airbus need to intensify the design and development of a UHCA
to fill the top end of its product line and stop the dominance of Boeing in large aircraft market with 747 for over two decades. Hence, in June 1994,
Airbus announced its project goal to build a high–capacity, high–efficiency aircraft with up to 569 seat capacity and a maximum range of 8,520
nautical miles; the project was designated A3XX.4 Many airlines faced a dilemma whether to opt for earlier option of the new Boeing 747X, or the
all new A3XX. During a meeting with 13 major airliners in Carcassonne, Airbus had then assured them with a scope to work toward preliminary and
final design freezes scheduled on the end of 1997 and

Essay on Boeing Company
Executive Summary
The purpose of this report is to analyse the problems and issues faced by the Boeing company over history and provide a strategic plan for its future
growth and development.
At first this report gives an introduction on the background and the current situation of Boeing. Then it conducts a series of analysis on the factors that
might influence the development of the company, they include: SWOT analysis to discover the company's internal strengths and weaknesses together
with its external opportunities and threats; Industry and competitive analysis which by applying Porter's five forces illustrates the competitive
environment in the aviation industry and the situation Boeing is in; Company analysis– by analysing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.3Assumption:
This report assumes that all the data given in the case study is true and there is not unforeseeable significant environment disruption.
2.0SWOT analysis:
2.1Strengthпјљ
2.1.1 Good product at hand:
Boeing's 777 is found quite popular in the commercial aircraft market. It beats Airbus' A330–300 and A340 successfully. By the end of 2000, Boeing
obtained 113 orders for 777, which created a record for single model sales in a year (Velocci Jr. 2000). The 777 aircrafts enjoy Boeing's most advanced
design, with bigger interior space and fuel saving twin jets, carrying less people than 747 but being able to take long–range flights (Wilhelm 2000b).
According to Randy Baseler (n.d.,cited in Wilhelm 2000b) the vice president of marketing for Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, the long range
777 is 15% to 18% more efficient than their competitor A340 models. The climbing speed and bigger interior room are also favorable features. A poll
conducted to airlines in 2000 proves Baseler's argument– Boeing's 777–200 and –300 were found to be top performers among wide body aircrafts
(Whyte 2000).
Airbus, by contrast, only got 103 orders by the same time. The order includes 17 of A340 and 86 of A330. Among these A330s' orders, only 30
–35 out
of 86 were for A330–300– the competitor of 777, while the rest compete mainly Boeing's 767 commercial aircraft (Velocci Jr. 2000).

The Boeing 747's Impact On Contemporary Globalization
The Boeing 747's Impact on Contemporary Globalization
This paper addresses the international impacts of Boeing's 747 commercial airliner on modern globalization. The 747 is one of the most
revolutionary and famous airliners today, it could fit as much as 570 passengers and could carry as much as 154 tons of cargo. This massiveairliner is a
symbol of the progress in civil aviation and signifies a new era in travel. This paper discusses who made this aircraft, the trade and financial influence
of creating this aircraft and how this aircraft reflects the global division of labor.
To begin with, Webster's dictionary definesglobalization as "the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free
trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets." although most people would agree that this is a good definition. Stager
defines the term globalization as "a set of social processes that are thought to transform our present social condition into one of globality." (stager, p.8)
Stager says that "we use the term globality to signify a social condition characterized by the existence of global economic, political, cultural, and
environmental interconnections and flows that make many of the currently existing borders and boundaries irrelevant." (stager, p.7) The 747's impact
on globality has interlocked nations and their people economically, and socially. The introduction of the 747 further allowed peoples of nations to travel

Airbus vs Boeing: Strategies in a Duopolistic Aviation Industry

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Airbus vs Boeing: Strategies in a Duopolistic Aviation Industry