A Public Service Announcement From The American Heart...

A Public Service Announcement From The American Heart...
The artifact I selected is a public service announcement from the American Heart Association. The
American Heart Association has produced various health issue ads and campaigns geared towards
educating individuals on health risks, symptoms, prevention and facts about heart–related
conditions. In the beginning of this video, NBA player Paul George is seen playing basketball on a
court by himself reflecting on how his mother's stroke was devastating and sudden. Paul George
then stresses the importance of knowing the signs of a stroke. This is known as the acronym
F.A.S.T., Face drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty and time to call 9–1–1. He desires to make
sure that every person is knowledgeable of these signs so they will be prepared to act fast and
possibly save someone's life. I came across this video while looking up information about heart–
related issues caused by high blood pressure. The message delivered in this video has become a
reality for many in our nation. From this video, we learn that early detection is critical in increasing
the stroke survival rate.
The health issue that this artifact discusses is the significance of knowing and recognizing the
warning signs of a stroke. The American Heart Association has made it their mission to provide
unlimited health information and research in the hopes of eliminating cardiovascular diseases as
well as helping society in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. "Stroke is the number 5 cause of death and
a leading cause of
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Stroke Population Report
Population Report on Individuals with Stroke The purpose of this report is to provide a brief
overview about stroke which includes describing the demographics, characteristics, and challenges
of the disease. Additionally, this report will explain current medical and educational issues, non–
music therapy treatment trends, and current effective therapeutic interventions regarding stroke.
Near the end, a specific piece of information will be provided that the author of this report deems
important for music therapists to know.
Demographics, Characteristics, & Challenges According to American Stroke Association (ASA),
stroke is a disease that affects the arteries that lead to the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel
that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts. As a result, part of
the brain cannot get the blood and oxygen it needs which causes brain cells to die (American Stroke
Association, n.d.). Depending on where the stroke occurs in the brain, the level/type of impairment
differs with the individual. For example, if a stroke occurs in the back of the brain, it is likely that
some disability involving vision will result. Overall, the effects of a stroke depend primarily on the
location of the obstruction and the extent of brain tissue affected (American Stroke Association,
n.d.). Additionally, the type of impairment will differ depending on the side of the brain the stroke
occurred. If the stroke occurred in the right side

Taking a Look at Strokes
The history of stroke first started with Hippocrates, the father of medicine, who was the first to
identify stroke 2,400 years ago, during that decade stroke was known as "apoplexy" meaning in
Greek "struck down by violence". This was due to the fact that a person developed sudden paralysis
and change in well–being. This term continued until the mid–1660's when Jacob Wepfer realized
that apoplexy is due to either bleeding within the brain or blockage inside one the brain veins. The
transformation of the term apoplexy to stroke was a major revolution in the history of stroke. Now
stroke is known as brain attack to show the urgency needed for an instant action.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that stroke caused 5.7 million deaths in 2004
which accounted for 9.7% of deaths in the world [1]. Strikingly as it might be, stroke is considered
to be the 4th leading cause of death among all causes, when considered separately from
cardiovascular diseases, on an average every 4 minutes someone dies by a stroke [2] . According to
data from the Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics reveal that 2.9% of men and 2.9% of women ≥18
years of age had a history of stroke [3]. On the other hand, in terms of disability stroke is considered
to be the leading cause of long term disability in the united states with an impact of 36.5 billion
dollars of direct and indirect costs in 2010 [3]. According to the American Heart Association
statistics from 2012 till 2030 the total direct

Risk Factors Of Cerebrovascular Stroke And Its Recurrence...
Risk factors of Cerebrovascular Stroke and its recurrence:
According to (Stroke Association, 2015 and WHO, 2016), the risk of recurrent CVS is up to fifteen
times more than the risk of CVS and is concerned with insufficient control of risk factors and non–
adherence to medical advice. So that, identification of risk factors of recurrence is an important role
of the critical care nurses, plays a crucial role in further stroke recurrent prevention. The risk factors
for stroke recurrence divided into two types:
A. Non–modifiable risk factors: individuals may not do anything to alter their stroke risk profile.
1– Age and Gender::
Stroke risk increases with age, doubling each decade after 55 years of age. Two third strokes occur
in individual older than sixty–five years, but stroke, recurrent can occur at any age. Advanced of age
increase liability to chronic disease, and respectively higher rate of stroke progression or its
recurrence (Linton, 2015 and Grotta, et al. 2016). Regarding gender, strokes are more common in
men for occurrence and recurrence, due to increase liability for stressors either physiological or
psychological exposure (Hinkle & Cheever, 2013 and Lewis, et al. 2015).
2– Ethnicity and Genetic or family history:
African Americans have a higher incidence of recurrent cerebrovascular stroke and higher death rate
from CVS than white people. In additional, black people are twice as likely to loss of life from CVS
and higher incidence of recurrence (Lewis, et al.

The American Heart Association's Website: Credibility...
Website Credibility: www.Heart.org/HEARTORG
Objective
The objective of this study is to identify and evaluate a health–related website within the domain
indicated as heart.org or heart.gov. This study will provide empirical evidence to support the website
as a credible source for inclusion in a scholarly assignment.
Introduction
The American Heart Association website, located at www.heart.org/HEARTORG is a website with
information on acquiring good health, heath conditions and researcher, caregiver, educator as well
as CPR and ECC information. The purpose of the American Heart Association website is the
education of the public about healthy heart care and management. The American Heart Association
website was located using the Google search engine.
Website Analysis
Authority
The American Heart Association website reports as its objectives and mission to include the
construction of lives that are healthy and free or cardiovascular diseases and stroke." (American
Heart Association, 2013, p.1) The American Heart Association website contains information about
healthy nutrition and other heart–related health care matters.
Information
Reported as the most popular articles published online the American Heart Association website are
those addressing such as: (1) blood pressure readings; (2) heart attack symptoms in women; (3) the
symptoms of high blood pressure; (4) low blood pressure; and (5) cholesterol levels.
Objectivity
Research findings are presented

American Stroke Research Paper
Strokes and the American Stroke Association In an unbelievable time of four minutes, a stroke
attacks an American citizen. A stroke is also know as a 'brain attack'. A stroke occurs when the blood
supply to part of your brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and
nutrients.Although stroke risk increases with age, it can occur at any age and cause long–term
disabilities. Knowing the signs and symptoms, causes, effects, and treatments of a stroke can help
decrease the chances of one occurring. The symptoms of a stroke include the following: numbness,
confusion, trouble walking and seeing, and severe headaches. The most common signs to watch for
are: facial weakness, arm weakness, and speech difficulties. If even just one of these signs are true,
911 must be contacted. Early action can minimize brain damage and potential complications. There
are three main types of strokes. Each type has its own cause and treatment, though they are very
similar. The Ischemic stroke is what approximately 85% of strokes are. This occurs when the
arteries to the brain become narrowed or blocked. Either blood clot or debris can lodge into brain
arteries. A Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Often times, strokes can be prevented, but when impossible to avoid, treatments begin. Intravenous
injection of tissue plasminogen activator(TPA) is a clot–busting drug used when blood vessels are
clogged. Stereotactic radiosurgery repairs vascular malformations. Rehabilitation is often a choice
of treatment. Rehabilitation includes: speech, physical, and occupational. No one wants to be
incapable of accomplishing everyday activities. Medications can also help with pain. These are just
some of the few treatments used on stroke

Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Study
Bansal, S., Sangha, K.S., Khatri, P. (2013). Drug treatment of acute ischemic stroke. American
Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs, 13(1). doi:10.1007/s40256–013–0007–6
An acute ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel is blocked leading to irreversible brain
damage and consequent focal neurologic deficits. Drug remedy of acute ischemic stroke includes
intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator). Intravenous
alteplase stimulates thrombolysis by hydrolyzing plasminogen to form the proteolytic enzyme
plasmin. Plasmin aims the blood clot with narrow systemic thrombolytic consequences. For
successful treatment, the drug should be administered within a short period to appropriate patients.
In chosen patients, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research indicated that patients receiving tissue– type plasminogen activator enhanced to positive
outcomes (Schrock & Lum,2014). For patients with acute ischemic stroke, the American Heart
Association encourages door to needle time of 60 minutes or less treated with IV tPA. However, this
frame is only achieved in 30% of the patients(Schrock and Lum 2014).Diagnostic examinations
inhibit the achievement of the door to needle time.Completing an ECG before doing the head CT
increases the time by six minutes.Obtaining a chest radiograph before head CT increases the time by
13 minutes.Studies reveal that the diagnostic tests that are ordered will impact the door to needle
time of 60 minutes or less in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Speedy treatment with IV Tpa
decreases patient outcomes such as morbidity and mortality and also rates of symptomatic
intracranial

Cv Accident Or Stroke Essay
CVA: Cerebrovascular accident or stroke
A CVA is a neurologic emergency that occurs when a blood vessel carrying oxygen and nutrients to
the brain is either blocked by a clot (ischemic stroke) or bursts (hemorrhagic stroke). A CVA may
also be referred to as a "brain attack." As reported by Quick Reference to Occupational Therapy
(2014), a physical exam of the patient leads the physician to suspect a CVA and to gauge
impairments on a functional scale through confirmation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
computed tomography (CT), cerebral angiography, or electroencephalography (EEG). Blood tests
for bleeding and clotting disorders may also be performed. Cardiac monitoring may show atrial
fibrillation or other arrhythmias (Reed, 2014).
Etiology: There are 2 types of strokes: Hemorrhagic and Ischemic. A Hemorrhagic stroke is when a
brain aneurysm bursts or a weakened blood vessel leaks. According to the National Stroke
Association (2016), about 15% strokes are hemorrhagic strokes per year. It is the least common type
of stroke, but most often results in death 40% of the time. When a hemorrhagic stroke occurs, blood
spills into or around the brain, and creates swelling and pressure which then damages cells and
tissue in the brain. There are 2 types of hemorrhagic strokes: an intracerebral hemorrhage happens
when a blood vessel in the brain bursts and spills into the surrounding brain tissue, damaging brain
cells. A subarachnoid hemorrhage happens when an artery

The Loss Of A Stroke
About three years ago my grandfather had a stroke. When we were at the hospital, the nurses told
my family that it was not a very serious stroke compared to how serious it could have become, and
that the likelihood of his recovery would be very promising. Seeing him in the hospital impacted me
greatly because my great–grandfather died of a stroke. I was taken back by the paleness of my
grandfather's skin and his weak ability to talk or move his left side immediately after. Now he
appears to be able to function at almost the same rate he used to. I believe that having a stroke
instilled a fear in my grandfather that will forever change his attitude toward enjoying life and doing
the things he used to. Since his stroke, he refuses to hunt, fish, or do many of the tasks he was used
to and instead watches television and stays close to home. "Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death
and adult disability in the U.S," (National Stroke Association). Stroke is known as, "the death of
nerve cells caused by an interruption of blood flow to a region of the brain," (Goodenough, 138).
When a section of the brain is shut off, neurons cannot receive enough oxygen and glucose that they
need and die. The seriousness of the stroke depends on where the interruption of blood flow took
place. The destruction of neurons in certain regions of the brain can cause the, "abilities controlled
by that area of the brain such as memory and muscle control are lost," (National Stroke
Association). There

Stroke Prevention
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States (National Stroke Association, 2010).
Stroke is also a leading cause of disability. Approximately every 40 seconds someone in the United
States has a stroke which is about 795,000 per year (National stroke Association, 2010). The
incidence of stroke makes it a major health problem in the United States. Prevention and early
intervention is the key to reducing death and disability from stroke. Cost effective prevention
strategies are needed for the delivery of stroke awareness and prevention. A priority of our health
care system should be to educate the community about stroke risk factors and stroke warning signs
to decrease potential death and disability from this preventable ... Show more content on
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Non modifiable risk factors for stroke are age, gender, race and ethnicity, and family history. The
risk for stroke doubles every 10 years after the age of 55 (Rosamound et al., 2007). African
Americans older than age 65 have two to five times the risk of stroke compared with Caucasian
adults of a similar age (Hylek et al., 2006). Hispanics have a higher incidence of stroke than
Caucasians (Stroke Association, 2010). According to the National Stroke Association (2010),
approximately 55,000 more women than men have a stroke each year. The target audience for this
project will be people age 55 or older. All individuals may take part in this program regardless of
age. Stroke warning signs are an important component in educating the community. Stroke warning
signs include sudden paralysis, weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg; sudden blurred or
decreased vision in one or both eyes; difficulty speaking or understanding simple statements;
dizziness; loss of balance or loss of coordination; and sudden intense headache (National Stroke
Association, 2010). Decreasing the time from stroke onset to hospital presentation depends on the
stroke knowledge of the community. The act F.A.S.T. (Face, Arms, Speech, and Time) campaign
promoted by the National Stroke Association is a great way to educate the public on what to do if
someone is having a stroke. The acronym prompts people to look for signs such as a droopy face,
numbness or weakness on one

Hospital Mortality Of Stroke : A Condition With An Abrupt...
The stroke is a condition with an abrupt onset of a neurological deficit that attributable to a focal
vascular cause. (1) It is the third leading cause of death worldwide. (2) Lower–income countries
have shown a higher relative stroke burden compared to industrialized ones. (3) Despite the
significant achievement in management of acute stroke, it remains also a third cause of death in
industrialized countries.(4) Over a third of stroke deaths occur in developing countries(5) In the
United States,700000 stroke cases responsible for 165000 deaths each year (6). The number of
people having a stroke each year in Iraq is around 24000. (7) Determining predictor of mortality at
period of hospitalization could aid a clinical care by providing valuable prognostic information to
patients and their family members and identify those at high risk for poor outcomes who may
require more intensive recourses. Various clinical variables have been implicated in the etiology of
in hospital mortality of stroke. This study is an attempt to evaluate the effect of a number of these
variables and whether they could predict in hospital mortality or not. These predictors included
important co– morbidities like diabetes mellitus ( DM), ischemic heart diseases(IHD) hypertension(
HTN) , and role of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in first few hours after attack , history of old
stroke and medications that expected to change the outcome of

Risk Factors for Stroke in Young Adults
Risk Factors for Stroke in Young Adults Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United
States (CDC para. 1), affecting more than 7 million Americans over the age of 20 and representing
3% of the population (Rogers et al. e68). Current estimates suggest close to 800,000 Americans will
experience a stroke each year; however, symptoms related to strokes often go undiagnosed. The
prevalence of undiagnosed strokes is estimated to be 17.8% of the population over the age of 45, but
some minorities and those with low incomes make up a disproportionate percentage of this number.
Ethnicity also influences the risk of a stroke for all adults over the age of 18: 5.8% and 4.0% of
Native Americans and African Americans respectively, have had a stroke, compared to 2.4% and
2.5% for Whites and Hispanics. A recent troubling trend has been discovered that suggests the risk
of stroke is increasing for younger Americans by a small (2.8%), but significant amount (AHA,
"Stroke Incidence Rising" para. 2). The obesity epidemic is thought to be one factor contributing to
this increase. With cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke accounting for 16% of the total health
care burden in the United States in 2008 (Rogers et al. e209), this trend suggests costs will continue
to increase for decades to come. This report will investigate whether existing evidence supports the
possibility that the same risk factors contribute to stroke in both young and older adults. childhood
stroke The

Paper On Stroke Research Paper
This paper discusses the history of stokes and how strokes occurred in my family. I have research
many articles and websites to find interesting information on strokes. I have also included my own
opinions and thoughts about strokes. There are many factors that can create a higher risk of having a
stroke. The paper discusses ways to prevent a person from having a stroke, and risk factors that can
increase the risk of having a stroke.
Introduction
A stroke is also called a cerebrovascular accident. According to the Mississippi State Department of
Health, "A stroke is sometimes called a brain attack (pg. 4)." A stroke occurs when the brain isn't
receiving enough oxygen or a lack of blood supply. According to the American Heart Association,
about 795,000 people have a stroke every year. According to the Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and is a major cause of
adult disability. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All strokes are serious, but the severity of a stroke depends on the type of stroke and the location of
the stroke in the brain. It is important for a person to know the symptoms of a stroke. The most
recognizable symptom is the numbness of the body. The numbness usually occurs on one side of the
body. There is also a mini–stroke called a transient ischemic attack, which occurs in the same ways
as an ischemic stroke but it is temporary.
There is treatment for strokes, but the most important treatment for strokes is prevention. There are
many ways to keep yourself healthy and prevent a stroke from happening. There are some factors
like age and gender that a person can't control, but there are factors like high cholesterol and high
blood pressure that can be controlled by a person to help prevent their risk from having a

Case Study On Strokes
Introduction
A Stroke also called brain attack, occurs when a clot block the blood supply going to the brain or
there is a hemorrhage in it. Nerves in the brain requires a continuous supply of blood, oxygen and
glucose to function properly. If there is impairment of this supply then the brain may stop
functioning temporarily and if this impairment is severe enough then permanent brain damage could
occur. As the brain control the body, so the patient could experience symptoms depending upon
which part of the brain is affected or damaged. (Lawrence M. Brass, 1992)
Stroke causes the death of 130,000 Americans each year and is considered the Fifth leading cause of
death in the United States. (CDC, 2015).87% of the strokes are Ischemic Strokes. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is often caused by high blood pressure. (American Heart association, 2015). SAH affects every 2
to 16 per 10,000 persons yearly. The actual occurrence of SAH is higher because approximately
15% of patients with SAH die before being admitted into the hospital. SAH can occur at any age,
but the incidence increases with age, commonly affect patients age 50 years or older. This type of
stroke is 1.24 times more common in women than in men. (American Stroke Association,

Bedside Reporting In Nursing
Internal method will be the interdisciplinary team such as hospitalist, therapists, dietician,
pharmacist, case managers, discharge planners and house supervisors. These stakeholders performed
a thorough discussions about patient's admission, transfer, and discharges. Upon discussing with the
patient's overall health concerns, the evidence–based practices of bedside reporting can be part of
the daily discussions because this is where the basis of patient's health outcomes can be obtained.
The goal of bedside reporting is to promote safety and highest quality of care. Therefore, the input
and opinions of the whole team is very essential for the successful implementation of the bedside
reporting. The bedside reporting will be more stronger tools ... Show more content on
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Most the patients being seen at Bakersfield Heart Hospital has cardiovascular problems. We have
groups of great physicians and by far one of the best physicians in Kern County. There are many
instances of successful stories in prevention of stroke and the door–to–balloon minutes, and thus
saves many lives. Our organization has same belief as the American Nurse Association code of
ethics. "The Code of Ethics for Nurses was developed as guide for carrying out nursing
responsibilities in a manner consistent with quality in nursing care and the ethical obligations of the
profession (ANA, n.d). Therefore, American Nurses Association and American Heart Association
are the external method of dissemination of the propose evidence–based practices of bedside
reporting. Bakersfield Heart Hospital's mission is the same as the American Heart Association.
These are as follows: the patient involvement in their hospital care, collection of the hospital's
stroke–treatment performance data, hospital team performance data and use of data to assess and
continually improve quality of care for stroke patients. Therefore, these organizations should be
notified and report any progress or changes of the bedside reporting. These organization may have
some helpful tips or recommendations to better implementation of the bedside reporting. The
communication strategies are to provide updates on the progress of the bedside reporting, power
points that will include the data analysis of bedside reporting, and when possible, the organization
can join the ANA team so that the success and articles of bedside reporting can be published or
posted to the official website of the American Nurses Association and for others to utilize. Lastly,
webinar meeting can be obtained so that these organizations are continuously being involved in the
success of the bedside

Brain Disorder Essay
The brain is known to be the most complex organ of the human body. According to, The National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokes, "This three pound organ is the seat of intelligence,
interpreter of the senses, initiator of body movement, and controller of behavior" (Brain Basic:
Know your Brain n.p.). NINDS also explains how the cerebral hemisphere can be divided into
sections, or lobes, and within each lobe contains specific functions. The damage to these lobes can
have distinct debilitating effects, so therefore, damage to the left hemisphere can cause aphasia,
right sided hemiparesis and memory loss. The NINDS states, the frontal lobe is located at the front
of the brain, and plays a large role in problem solving, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ischemic strokes are caused by an obstruction within a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain.
The American Stroke Association also states that, atherosclerosis is the development of fatty
deposits which causes an obstruction in the lining of vessel walls (ASA, par. 1–2). The second type
of cerebrovascular accident is hemorrhagic. The American Stroke Association explains that
hemorrhagic strokes account for the other 13 percent of stroke cases. The American Stroke
Association also states, "It results from a weakened vessel that ruptures and bleeds into the
surrounding brain. The blood accumulates and compresses the surrounding brain tissue"
(Hemorrhagic strokes). If the cerebrovascular accident occurs in the middle cerebral artery of the
left hemisphere, then several effects could occur including: aphasia, right side hemiplegia and
memory loss. According to the NINDS, damage to a specific portion of the brain that is responsible
for language is known as aphasia, which is a neurological disorder. This disorder includes difficulty
in reading and writing, not able to express oneself when speaking, and trouble understanding speech
(NINDS, par.1). There are three different types of aphasia, and they depend on the portion of the
brain that has been affected such as: Wernicke, Broca, and Global

Kletus Mc Man Of Ross: A Case Study
Kletus Mc Man of Ross, was a Large man that didn't make any change to his diet when his doctor
told him that he had high triglycerides and was at risk of diabetes. His arteries were clogging up
from too much sugar in his bloodstream. "F= Face drooping, A= Arm weakness, S= Speech
difficulty, T= Time to call 911" (American Stroke association). . "Can I Get aaAAa BoNeleSs piZza
with a 2 liTer of cOKe", Ordered Kletus. "Sure My friend here your Boneless pizza", replied Derek
from Domino's. Derek threw the (boneless) pizza across the room and into Cletus's Ford F–500. It
almost came out the other side. "Bruh, your face is drooping to the right man. I think you are having
a stroke", Derek warned Kletus. "A StrOkE? WhAt dAt" Derek answered with, "You are having
difficulty speaking. Park your truck, i'm calling an ambulance". Derek called an ambulance to get
Kletus and take him to the hospital. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Yes, read the list of methods on the wall over there", replied the doctor. Derek walked over to the
wall and read the list, "You should Lose weight, Exercise more, Drink – in moderation, Treat atrial
fibrillation, Treat diabetes, and Quit smoking" ( Harvard medical school). Derek decided to tell
Kletus what he should do when he recovers. "Kletus?' derek

A Stroke Is Also Known As A Cerebrovascular Accident (Cva).
A stroke is also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Strokes can be either ischemic or
hemorrhagic. An ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage of a blood flow to the brain. It can be
caused by a thrombosis or embolism. A thrombosis is a clot that disrupts the flow of blood to the
brain. An embolism is a blood clot that forms in a different area of the circulatory system and travels
through the bloodstream and blocks a blood vessel in the brain. Hemorrhagic strokes are when a
blood vessel bursts causing bleeding in the brain or in the area surrounding the brain. This can be
caused by an aneurysm or an arteriovenous malformation. An aneurysm is a weakened area of a
blood vessel that eventually is weakened so much that it bursts. An ... Show more content on
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About half of all pediatric strokes are hemorrhagic and is also listed as one of the top ten causes of
death in kids. (American Heart Association, 2016). The origin of stroke in kids in unknown, but
contributors can be sickle cell anemia, congenital heart defects, immune disorders or other clotting
factors. Strokes can also happen during the perinatal period, or the last 18 week of gestation to the
first 30 days after birth. This is the most common time for pediatric strokes to occur (International
Alliance for Pediatric Stroke, 2017). Many people are unaware of the possibility of a stroke
occurring to someone so young, it is often only thought to happen to adults. The actuality is that
two–thirds of all strokes do happen to people aged 65 and older. (Radomski & Latham, 2014)
The location and severity of the CVA determine the impairment or disability of the individual.
Possible areas affected are paralysis or weakness, gross and fine motor skills, speech and language,
cognition, vision, and emotions. A stroke that occurs on one side of the brain will affect the opposite
side of the body. If a stroke were to occur on the left side of the brain, it would be the right side of
the individual's body that could potentially have paralysis or weakness, speech or language
problems, or memory loss. If a stroke were to occur on the right side of the brain, it would be the
individual's left side that could potentially have paralysis or

The 4 Week Incidence, Timing And Predictors Of Ischemic...
Background and purpose: To quantify the 4–week incidence, timing and predictors of ischemic
stroke after trauma in a population–based young cohort.
Methods: We electronically identified trauma patients ( 30 days apart could be considered
independent. As a secondary analysis, we calculated stroke incidence including all cases with a
stroke ICD–9 code in order to provide a useful comparison with studies using ICD–9 stroke
diagnoses for the outcome. For trauma patients who suffered a stroke, we graphically demonstrated
time to stroke after trauma using Kaplan–Meier failure curves, with trauma as the time of origin and
stroke as the failure event, right–censoring at death or four weeks after trauma.
For the case control study, we used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95%
confidence intervals (CI) as an estimate of stroke risk. In order to determine whether stroke risk
varied differentially by location of injury, we first examined each location individually. We then
modeled the association between stroke and each injury location with adjustment for age, race, sex
and multisystem trauma (given that the composite multisystem trauma variable does not specify
injury location).
Results: From a population of 34 million enrolled in KPNC over the 15–year study period, we
identified 989,333 patients who had 1,308,009 emergency department encounters or admissions to
the hospital for trauma. Patients contributed a median of one trauma encounter (interquartile range

Life After Stroke Essay
Life after stroke
Stroke affects everybody differently, and it is difficult to say how much of a recovery is possible.
Many stroke survivors experience the most dramatic recovery during their stay in hospital in the
weeks after their stroke.
But many stroke survivors continue to improve over a longer time, sometimes over a number of
years. Their recovery is in fact a long period of rehabilitation, as they learn to deal with the effects
the stroke has had on them.
Rehabilitation is about getting back to normal life and living as independent a life as possible. It
involves taking an active approach to ensuring that life goes on for people who have had a stroke.
This can mean helping them to acquire new skills or relearn old ones. It may ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It is possible that the assessment will find that caring for someone at home is not the best option. If
this happens, a social worker can help you investigate other accommodation options and other
sources of support.
Keeping a positive attitude
Negative emotions are normal
It is normal to feel angry, desperate, anxious or depressed after a stroke. You may feel worried about
work, money and relationships, and the tiredness caused by stroke can make things worse.
Your GP can refer you to a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist to help you understand and cope
with psychological symptoms.
Staying positive can help rehabilitation
Negative feelings can get in the way of progress, and it is important to concentrate on what you
want to achieve and to make the most of the support that is on offer.
Make the most of support in your community
Rehabilitation depends on a combination of support from a range of health professionals, social
services, financial support, and help from family and carers.
How family and carers can help
As a carer, you can help rehabilitation in a variety of ways: * You can help a stroke survivor to
practise tasks set by their therapists. * You can give emotional support to help them stay motivated
and positive. * You can learn skills to deal with specific challenges (such as helping the stroke
survivor move

Heart Disease And Stroke: A Case Study
With the rising number of female patients having strokes, combined with the debilitating health
effects of cerebral vascular accidents, there is a need for women who are at high risk of stroke to
understand that female patients have unique risk factors and signs and symptoms of a stroke (Gall et
al., 2010; Mochari–Greenberger et al., 2014). Despite the numerous campaigns and educational
efforts for women regarding heart disease and stroke, there continues to be a vast gap in the
knowledge and understanding and general awareness of [stroke] in women (Melloni et al., 2010). In
the last 15 years, stroke and heart disease educational campaigns from the American Heart
Association and other national organizations have increased; however, the educational

A Study On A Cerebral Vascular Accident
A cerebral vascular incident can happen to anyone at anytime. Some people know it be called a
stroke, CVA, or brain attack. The majority of patients who have had a stoke will have another one
within one year. Stoke tend to occur more often in the southern United States also known as the
"stroke belt". This may be related to the larger number of elderly, tobacco use, and obesity. A
cerebral vascular accident ranks high in the major leading causes of death in the United States, and
it happens nearly every four minutes. There are three different types of stroke ischemic,
hemorrhagic, and transient ischemic attacks. The larger number of cerebral vascular accidents is
known to be ischemic. The artery that supplies the brain with blood ... Show more content on
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Each minute that passes is increased cell death in the brain. This means the effect of the stroke will
be more severe and have more of an impact on the person. A stroke is a medical emergency and
signs should be recognized and treated abruptly. Signs of a cerebral vascular accident include
decreased sensation, weakness, confusion, trouble speaking or understanding, trouble seeing or
blurred vision, trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, or headache with no
known cause. The American Heart Association (2013), has put out a saying, " Spot a stroke F.A.S.T.
'F' for face drooping, 'A' for arm weakness, 'S' for speech difficulty, 'T' for time to call 911."
Treatment is dependent upon the onset of the symptoms, so acting fast and seeking medical
attention is critical. Women may report unique symptoms such as loss of consciousness or fainting,
general weakness, difficult or shortness of breath, confusion, unresponsiveness, sudden behavioral
change, agitation, hallucination, nausea or vomiting, pain, seizures, or hiccups.
If the patient controls specific risk factors a stroke can be warded off. Managing risk factors
includes blood pressure, which is the cause of half of all strokes, tobacco use, atrial fibrillation and
physical inactivity. In order to prevent some of these key risk medications may be needed.
Anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and

Stroke Knowledge Essay
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The objective of the present study was to assess the extent of stroke knowledge, specifically
regarding the risk factors and warning signs of stroke. Thus, it is important to be well understood
about stroke, the risk factors and the warning signs. Furthermore, this review will discuss in details
about the two risk factors, stress and obesity that are significant among the studied population. This
is followed by the review on the state of stroke knowledge and its importance from the previous
studies among varied populations.
2.2 STROKE
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), stroke is defined as a "rapidly developing
clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, with symptoms lasting 24 ...
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The risk factors for stroke can be classified into non–modifiable and modifiable. Non–modifiable
risk factors include age, family history, prior stroke, gender, and race. Whereas modifiable risk
factors are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia,
cigarette smoking, obesity, valvular heart disease, alcohol abuse, and physical inactivity (Basharat et
al., 2012). Age is one of the non–modifiable risk factors. As we are getting older, the risk of stroke
incidence will increase as it will doubled every following 10 years after the age of 55 years old
(Norsa'adah, 2005). It has been reported in Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2013 from the
American Heart Association (Go et al., 2013), uneven distribution of stroke burden was experienced
by women from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds; the incident of stroke risk among black women
was doubled the white women. Hispanic women experienced higher stroke risk factor

Causes And Symptoms Of Cerebrovascular Accident
Jan, a 72–year–old woman has suffered a cerebrovascular accident. She Lives on her own with her
three cats in a second–floor apartment. She is worried about how she will care for them as she
recovers from her stroke. Following is information about her condition. What is a cerebrovascular
accident? What are the signs and symptoms? What are the pathogenies of the condition? What are
the body changes after the CVA? Economic impact cardiovascular disease causes.
Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke)
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) is a cardiovascular disease more commonly known as a stroke. It
is a blockage from either a thrombosis or an embolism or a hemorrhage in the vessels of the brain.
Most strokes are caused by a small particle from a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There also may be a loss of balance and coordination resulting in an unsteady gait when attempting
to ambulate.
If there are any signs of a stroke, remember the acronym "FAST". Face: does the face droop on one
side when the person is asked to smile? Arms: Is the affected person able to lift their arms? And if
so, does one or both drop downwards more than the other? Speech: When asked to repeat a phrase,
is the speech able to be understood without any slurring, hesitation, or is the person unable to
verbally respond at all? Time: Time is crucial to treatment of a stroke. If any or all of these signs are
present, the person witnessing the event should call 911 immediately (Staff, Stroke, Symptoms and
Causes, 2017).
Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Accidents
There are many factors that can lead to the development of a cerebrovascular accident. Factors that
contribute to the development of a stroke are hypertension, dysrhythmias, heart disease, diabetes,
gout, postural hypotension, cardiac hypertrophy, high cholesterol levels, a sedentary lifestyle,
smoking, and a diet high in cholesterol and unhealthy fat (Med–help, 2009). The most common type
of CVA is an ischemic stroke. Ischemic strokes account for 85% of cerebrovascular accidents (Staff,
Stroke, Symptoms and Causes, 2017). There are two types of ischemic strokes, thrombotic and
embolic. A thrombotic stroke is when a blood clot forms in an artery of the brain.

Healthy Heart Case Study Essay
1
The client's strength is he presents no clubbing in his hands. Significance:
The significance of the use of the profile sign viewing the finger from the side to detect early
clubbing. The normal nail–bed angle is 160 degrees. The flattening of an angle and clubbing
(diffuse enlargement of terminal phalanges) occur with congenital cyanotic heart disease and cor
pulmonale. (Jarvis, 2016, p. 516)
2
Significance:
List Concern(s) + Significance (must support with citation)
1
My concern for the client is the bilateral varicosities in leg while standing. Significance:
The significance of varicosities occurs in the saphenous veins (see Table 20–5). Examination
techniques to assess valve incompetency within varicose veins are not reliable ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because heart disease is the number one killer in the world and stroke ranks second globally and is a
leading cause of severe disability. Too many families are losing loved ones of all ages. Each year,
these diseases kill more than 786,000 Americans, which is larger than the population of several
states (Alaska, North Dakota, Vermont and Wyoming). Some form of cardiovascular disease affects
more than one in every three adult Americans. Many suffer terribly from disabilities caused by these
diseases. The American Heart Association wants everyone to understand the threat and to know that
cardiovascular diseases and stroke are largely preventable. Risks can be lowered by adhering to
what the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7: not smoking, being physically active,
maintaining a healthy body weight, eating a healthy diet, controlling blood pressure, controlling
cholesterol and controlling blood sugar. The American Heart Association appears to be a truthful
website and its purpose is to improve the lives of all Americans, through public health education
whether its CPR training or teaching the importance of healthy lifestyle

Cause Of Brochure Essay
Causes of Stroke and its Effects The title of the brochure is stroke and were published two months
ago, according to the Joint Commission website, this information will be of great benefit to
adolescent, young adults, and older adults.
A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or severely reduced,
Depriving blood and oxygen to the brain results in those immediate cell death, causing the brain not
to function properly. Once parts of the brain stop functioning, it can directly affect the areas of the
body. Stroke symptoms can start early or quickly, Numbness or weakness in your face, arm, or leg,
especially on one side, Confusion or trouble understanding other people, Trouble speaking, severe
headache, Trouble ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This topic interest me so much because stroke affect the brain which often lead to ineffective of
most part of the body and activities of daily living, also most patient affected with stroke do not
recover quickly. The provided information in the brochure was beneficial, yes I can incorporate the
information in patient education especially in the aspect health promotion. The information was not
presented clearly in the brochure because there is no detailed and well explained information, the
brochure only give points. Yes, the current healthcare related research support the information
presented in the brochure. The population or individual that will benefit the most from the brochure
is the older adult because aging increase the risk of stroke, people with family history of stroke,
young adult can also benefit from the information. Yes, the information in the brochure will increase
patient safety because it include information about the risk factor of stroke, what to do if a patients
are at increased risk for stroke, what happens after a stroke, what to expect during recovery and
provide more website on how to get more information about

Advances and Advocacy in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic...
Annotated Bibliography Kuklina, Elena V.; Gillespie, Cathleen; George, Mary G. "Ischemic stroke
hospitalizations decline in middle aged, elderly, increases in young." American Heart Association
News Releases. 9 February 2011. American Heart Association, Inc. 28 April 2011. . This document
is important as it gives information about the statistics of the incidence of stroke in the younger
generation. Different studies have been discussed with respect to their results regarding the increase
in incidence of stroke in young adults of different age groups. Agrawal, Nidhi; Johnston, S.
Claiborne; Wu, Yvonne W.; Sidney, Stephen; Fullerton, Heather, J. "Imaging Data Reveal a Higher
Pediatric Stroke Incidence Than Prior US Estimates." Stroke. 17 September 2009. American Heart
Association, Inc. 29 April 2011. . This paper is important as it discusses the incidence and risk
factors of stroke in children and newborns. The significance of this document lies in the fact that is
lays emphasis on the fact that many of the cases of stroke in children in newborns are not reported.
It also explains the reasons why the treatment of stroke in newborns and children is difficult as
compared to that of stroke in adults. Pediatric Stroke. National Stroke Association. 2012. This
resource provides us with all the details regarding the risk factors, symptoms and treatment of stroke
in children and newborns. It also differentiates the stroke in adults from the stroke in children. These

Stroke Patients
Most stroke patients need support after discharging from hospital in order to live independently and
work to their fully recovery. This essay is going to evaluate the support offered to these patients and
their social networks. One care agency is going to be studied as an example of the services provided
for stroke patient on their homes and the response to their needs will be analysed. At the same time,
other external sources of support are going to be evaluated, as well the support they can receive
from their social networks. Finally, it will be analysed my personal contribution to meet their needs
and some recommendation will be made in order to improve the support provided to stroke patients
and their relatives.
Stroke patients require ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of them are proactive, developed in the care plan and risk assessment of the service users. The
aim is to improve every day activities to meet the service users' needs, rather than react on what if
fails (Hollnagel, 2012). Care plans and risks assessment must be agreed with the service users, so
they can take control of their care and be able to make informed choices (Morton and Morgan,
2010). They cover different range of needs, as mobility, communication, assistance with daily life
activities as personal care, nutrition, medication, etc. The care plan awareness care workers of these
needs and the importance of maintain the dignity of service users. It also makes them know that they
have to be patient as the service user can mobilise slowly and can have communication difficulties.
However, psychological and emotional needs are not covered and it is important to intervene on
those needs as they can difficult the rehabilitation (Vohora and Ogi, 2008). At the same time, there is
not specific training on stroke provided, which means that the only knowledge carers have is the one
provided on the care plan. At the same time, risk assessments allows anticipating hazards and
minimising the risks the clients are exposed

Cognitive Theory
The cognitive restructuring theory commands that one's personal impractical philosophies are
precisely responsible for producing dysfunctional feelings and their subsequent behaviors, such as
anxiety, despair, and social extractions; and humans can be purged of such feelings and their
validities by demolishing the theories that give them life. The cognitive restructuring model is a
proven model in addressing behavioral issues concerning stroke victims and adolescents. Team A's
focus will be addressing the perceptions into these interventions. Behavioral changes can be
difficult, but for a stroke victim it can be even more challenging due to cognitive deficiencies after a
stroke. These changes are not only grueling to accept, but create ... Show more content on
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An example of an exercise used to assist clients is documenting daily events that bring on unwanted
actions. Adolescents suffering from depression are often asked to record thoughts on situations
happening is day to day life. When a situation happens that furthers or intensifies the clients
unwanted behavior, thoughts are recorded, this is to monitor and change specific behaviors and
thoughts. By reporting ones thoughts and feelings the individual can document what has happened,
what thoughts are happening, and what changes need to be made to improve the unwanted behavior.
By continuing to document feelings and thoughts of depression, the adolescent will be able to notice
a change in their own behavior; they will be able to realize that emotions are dictating how they
react to certain events. With the documenting process of cognitive restructuring, many individuals
will be capable of changing their own thought process for the better. Each session with the
depressed adolescent should be well structured with feedback from the adolescent, frequent
feedback allows the client to be heavily involved and will bring about different emotions. Emotions
are the overall goal, being aware of one's emotional state during life events is a key to altering the
depressive behavior. Further intervention steps in cognitive restructuring for adolescents will
include coping skills and scheduling. Depression is a sickness that can affect

Self Management In Nursing
Every year approximately 795,000 people in United States are diagnosed with stroke. Stroke is one
of the leading causes of severe long–term disability in the US (American Stroke Association [ASA],
2017). The incidence of stroke is expected to rise due to the age related demographic changes
(Mozaffarian et al., 2015). Integration of self–management by healthcare systems into the discharge
teaching and its promotion during rehabilitation period is an important step in the management of
long–term condition (Jones et al., 2015). Therefore, the explanation of the meaning of self–
management and the availability of the related programs could be a beneficial recourse to the
patents being discharged from a hospital after stroke. The purpose of this paper is to analyze several
qualitative articles related to the research on the topic of self–management among the stroke patients
and the applicability of these findings in the local practice. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
(2012) define self–management as an active process in which an individual engages into the
management of the chronic illness. Self–management process allows patients to manage the chronic
disease by focusing on illness needs and utilize available resources to minimize the disability.
Stroke is one of the major causes of long–term disability and the treatment of stroke patients
requires a holistic approach (American Stroke Association [ASA], 2017).
Chesapeake Regional Medical Center (CRMC) is certified as the Primary Stroke Center and
provides a comprehensive care to patients presenting with neurological deficits. As the Stroke
Center CRMC has to meet rigid criteria established by the accreditations agencies to be able to
maintain its status. Patient education related to the management of long–term condition

Heart Disease And Stroke Research Paper
Heart disease and stroke are among the widespread and costly health problems being faced by our
society today. According to World Health Organization, an estimated 17 million people die of
cardiovascular diseases every year, particularly heart attacks and strokes. Cardiovascular diseases
are also the leading cause of death or severe disability in the United States of America. In relation to
this, various organizations have been established for health improvement and safety of the public.
One of these organizations is the American Heart Association or AHA, which was formerly known
as Association for the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease. It is the nation's largest and oldest
voluntary organization, dedicated in fighting heart disease

The American Heart Association ( Aha )
Introduction The American Heart Association (AHA) is one of the greatest non–profit organizations
in the United States that cultivates suitable cardiac care with an end goal to lessen disability and
fatalities brought about via cardiovascular infections and strokes. Initially created in New York City
in 1924 as the Association for the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease, it is presently
headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The American Heart Association is a national charitable wellbeing
organization. They are known for distributing benchmarks on essential life care and superior
cardiovascular life care, and in 2014 it had issued its first rules for avoiding strokes in women. The
American Heart Association is known additionally to operate various and very noticeable public
movements beginning in the 1970s, furthermore working various fundraising occasions. In 1997,
Grace, K. S. discharged a review that demonstrated the American Heart Association was positioned
as the fifth "most prominent philanthropy/non–profit in America".
Mission Statement
"To build healthier lives, free of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. That single purpose drives all
we do. The need for our work is beyond question." (American Heart Association).
Background An innovative group of doctors and social laborers shaped the principal Association for
the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease in New York City in 1915. This group of doctors and
social laborers were very worried about the absence of

Cardiorespiratory Case Studies
The American Heart Association established that cardiovascular disease is present in 40% of adults
18–60 years of age, and 70% of adults over the age of sixty. Currently it is estimated that 20% of
children and adolescents are obese, and 35% percent of adults are obese. Obesity in conjunction
with insufficient physical activity leads to a decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness levels, and an
increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The Cooper Institute in Dallas Texas conducted
a study which included forty five thousand men, and fifteen thousand women. The data collected
from this study has proven cardiovascular fitness to be one of the strongest indicators of
cardiovascular disease, and all–cause mortality. Patients that had multiple risk factors such as
obesity, metabolic syndrome, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study participants included 55,137 men and women ranging from eighteen to one hundred years
old. The study was executed by performing a compressive exam on each of the participants. The
exam included a resting blood pressure, total cholesterol, blood glucose, BMI, and cardiorespiratory
fitness level which was measured with an exercise test using a treadmill. A questionnaire was then
administered to assess each individual's level of physical activity, how often each individual runs
each week and the duration of each run in minutes. Participants were monitored from the date of the
baseline examination through their date of death. The results concluded that in comparison to
nonrunners, runners had a forty five percent lower risk of all–cause mortality, and mortality caused
by cardiovascular disease. This association was concluded regardless of age, sex, smoking alcohol
history, BMI, or comorbidities. In addition non–runners had an average lower life expectancy of
approximately three

National Stroke Association: A Case Study
1. Every 40 seconds someone in the United States has a stroke (National Stroke Association, 2014).
Some symptoms related with a stroke are headache, blurred vision, trouble speaking, confusion,
dizziness and numbness on one side of body. These symptoms are very important to know. Due to
how common strokes are it's good to know the warning signs. For every person that dies from
stroke, more than 5 times that many will survive, and for them the physical damage it causes can be
enormous (National Stroke Association, 2014). Most people who have a stroke are depressed after
it's all said and done. They may be paralyzed on one side, have a speech impairment or worse. When
you are used to living a certain way and that suddenly changes it can be hard for people to deal with.
2. A stroke is when the blood ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many different medications that can be taken to help prevent a stroke or that can be taken
after a stroke. I work in a pharmacy and see hundreds of medication prescribed daily to prevent or
help with symptoms that could all lead to stroke. I myself take a blood pressure medication called
propranolol. Propranolol is a beta blocker that treats high blood pressure, chest pain, migraine
headaches and tremors. Blood thinner medications can be given to people who have been diagnosed
with blood clots. That medication thins the blood and helps prevent clots from forming. If a blood
clot goes unnoticed it can reach the lung or brain and end in a fatality. A medicine called tissue
plasminogen activator can break up blood clots in the arteries of the brain, however it has to be
injected within 4 hours of symptoms start time to work (National Institutes of Health, 2014). Often
the long list of side effects for medication can be overwhelming and seem worse than the actual
cause for taking the medication in the first place. Some side effects of the drug warfarin used to treat
existing and new blood clots are blurred vision, confusion, nausea, vomiting and muscle

Having A Stroke
"I'm having a stroke. I'm having a stroke." is a phrase we hear in the American Heart Associations'
commercial about strokes. The fourth leading cause of death in America is strokes. In the United
States alone, forty percent of males die from having a stroke and sixty percent of females die from
having a stroke. When a person is having a stroke there is a lot someone can do to help that person.
However, do people actually know what a stroke is, what treatments are available, or how to help
lower the risk of stokes?
What exactly is a stroke? According to American STROKE Association, a stroke is defined as a
disease that affects the arteries leading to and within the brain. The blood vessels, in the brain, will
be obstructed or burst when the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The patient should avoid illegal drugs. Illegal drugs can cause more pressure on the blood vessels
and thus causing the blood vessel to burst. This will cause the blood to leak into the brain. Illegal
drugs can also cut off blood flow to the brain, causing an ischemic stroke. Another way to reduce
stroke risks is by maintaining a healthy diet. This will lower the levels of cholesterol in the blood
and decrease the blood pressure. In return the blood vessels will not become blocked or burst due to
the constricted blood vessel walls. To go with the healthy diet the patient should exercise regularly.
If the patient is able to exercise five days a week, the risk of a stroke would be vastly reduced. In a
case where the patient has diabetes, they need to keep it under control. According to webmd people
with diabetes are at a two–and–half times higher risk of a stroke than those without. Patients need to
control the amount of alcohol consumed and quit smoking if the patient smokes. If the patient drinks
a lot of alcohol it will increase the body's blood pressure. With an increased blood pressure the
blood vessel walls can bust. When someone smokes, their blood vessels are more likely to have a
blood clot thus causing a stroke. If the patient has any sleep apnea problems they should get them
treated. A study by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine has found that people with

Life After A Stroke Essay
Stroke a form of Cardiovascular Disease.
"Stroke is the 4th leading cause of death in the U.S. and kills more than 133,000 people each year.
People do survive stroke––around 795,000 strokes occur each year and there are an estimated 7
million stroke survivors in the U.S.––but they are often left with significant disabilities"
(http://www.silverbook.org/stroke)
According to the Recovering After a Stroke: A Patient and a Family Guide "a stroke is a type of
brain injury" that occurs when the brain's blood supply is interrupted and the " symptoms depend on
the part of the brain that is affected" and that "people who survive a stroke often have weakness on
one side of the body or trouble with moving, talking, or thinking." Symptoms that are warning ...
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Also if the patient was previous employed and their income played a major role it then creates a
financial strain.
Life after a major stroke is a life altering experience for everyone involved. It is a delicate and
emotional situation and requires due diligence and love. It takes a lot of rehabilitation, education
and adjustment. In some cases survivors are not fully recovered mentally and physically. Even
though survivors sometimes lived normal social life, their sexual life are greatly impacted.
Survivors sometimes feel unattractive and undesirable. Even though stroke does not reduce the
libido, the resumption of sexual activities is a milestone in the rehabilitation process.
After surviving the stroke the survivor's lifestyle will drastically change to accommodate a healthier
well–being. Their diet will have to include more fruits and vegetable, less salt and saturated fat and
avoiding excessive alcohol. Survivors will also need to establish an exercise program to facilitate
their new lifestyle. Exercise will improve heart condition, improve circulation and maintain a
healthy

Arguments Against Recurrent Stroke
Stroke is a public health burden that affects 15 million people worldwide (World Health Report,
2002), approximately 795,000 people per year in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, America's Burden on Stroke, 2012) and specifically in Mississippi, stroke is the fifth
leading cause of death (Mississippi Vital Statistics, 2014). Approximately 610,000 are first or new
strokes and approximately 185,000 strokes, nearly one of four,four; occur in individuals that have
had a previous stroke (Mozaffarian, Benjamin, Go, et al, 2015). Currently, there are more than 6.2
million noninstitutionalized adults who have had a stroke in the United States (Faststats, CDC,
National Center for Health Statistics, 2012).
A stroke occurs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Physical activity can improve health and lower risk for heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes,
depression, and some cancers, (CDC, 2014). Even though physical activity can reduce recurrent
stroke, stroke survivors are not engaging in physical activity at optimal levels to protect against
recurrent stroke. In their research, Boysen & Krarup, pg. 148, (2013) found that "following a stroke,
sequelae such as hemiparesis and ataxia may limit the trainability of stroke patients and lead to
decreasing levels of physical activity and physical performance." Historically, motivation to
exercise has also been cited in the literature as a deterrent and a facilitator to exercise among the
stroke survivor population (Damush, Plue, Bakas, Schmid & Williams, 2007). According to a study
conducted by researchers Mohan, Wolfe, Rudd, Heuschmann, Kolominsky–Rabas, & Grieve, (2011)
patients who survive an initial stroke are at a significantly increased risk for future strokes compared
with the general population; a systematic review and meta–analysis showed that the cumulative risk
of stroke recurrence was 3.1% at 30 days, 11.1% at 1 year, 26.4% at 5 years and 39.2% at 10 years.
Furthermore, recurrent strokes are more likely to be disabling or fatal compared with the first stroke
(Mohan, Crichton, Grieve, Rudd , Wolfe, & Heuschmann,

Case Manager Ethical Obligations
Case Management Ethical Obligations Case Managers hired by insurance companies are expected to
have a certain level of loyalty to the company that hired them. However, the standards of practice
established by the Case Management Society of America (CSMA) places the case manager's ethical
obligation to the patient, regardless who the case manager is employed by. Under the CSMA
standards, the loyalty and primary responsibility of the case manager belongs to the patient. The
case manager will have to choose treatment and rehabilitation services in the patient's best interest,
over saving the insurance company money. In addition, the case manager should notify the patient if
they believe their rights have been violated. Case managers have many ethical constraints imposed
upon them, but following the CSMA Standards of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the most part, employees are trained to conserve supplies and money whenever possible, which
means the customer has to do without. However, when your profession has standards of practice,
this supersedes the company's wishes. Under the CSMA, it is the case manager's ethical obligation
to inform the patient of what the insurance company is trying to do and their treatment options. As
the case manager working this case I would express my feeling about the situation and remind my
supervisor about the standards of practice set forth by the CSMA that I must adhere to for my
profession. In addition to the obligation of saving the company money, I also have a moral and
ethical obligation to the patient by providing all the necessary resources for effective quality care
and optimal outcome. Therefore, I hope the company understands my position and I must provide
the patient with the rehabilitation services recommend by their physician in the most cost effective
way for the

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