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Electricity
विद् युत
• ELECTRIC CURRENT विद् युत प्रिाह
• We define the electric current, or simply the current, to be
the net amount of charges passing per unit time across any
section through a conductor.
• एकाांक समय में वकसी चालक में आिेश क
े प्रिाह की दर को
विद् युत धारा कहते हैं|
• The SI unit of current is ampere (A),
• विद् युत धारा की SI इकाई एम्पीयर (A) है,
• In general, smaller units of electric current are often used,
such as the milliampere (1mA = 10–3 A) and the
microampere (1μA = 10–6 A).
• सामान्य तौर पर, विद् युत प्रिाह की छोटी इकाइयोां का अक्सर उपयोग वकया
जाता है, जैसे वमलीएम्पम्पयर (1mA = 10–3 A) और माइक्रोएम्पीयर (1μA =
10–6 A)।
• (Quantization of charge).
• Q = ne
• e = 1.6 × 10–19 coulomb.
• ELECTRIC POTENTIAL विद् युत विभि
• We define the electric potential difference between two points in an
• electric circuit carrying some current as the work done to move a unit
• charge from one point to the other –
• Potential difference (V) between two points = Work done (W)/Charge
(Q)
• वकसी धारािाही विद् युत पररपथ क
े दो विदुओ क
े िीच विद् युत विभिाांतर को
हम उस कायय द्वारा पररभावि त करते हैं, जो एकाांक आिेश को एक विदु से
दू सरे विदु तक लाने में वकया जाता है।
• V = W/Q
• The SI unit of electric potential difference is volt (V),
• विद् युत विभिान्तर का SI मात्रक िोल्ट (V) है।
• OHM’S LAW ओम का वियम
• It states that the current flowing through a conductor (such as a wire)
is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it.
• यह िताता है वक वकसी चालक (जैसे वक तार) से िहने िाली धारा उस पर
लगाए गए िोल्टेज क
े सीधे आनुपावतक होती है,
• ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE प्रवतरोध
• Resistance refers to the property of a material or
component that opposes the flow of electric current.
• It is measured in ohms (symbol: Ω).
• प्रवतरोध एक सामग्री या घटक की सांपवि को सांदवभयत करता है जो
विद् युत प्रिाह क
े प्रिाह का विरोध करता है। इसे ओम में मापा
जाता है (प्रतीक: Ω)।
• FACTORS ON WHICH THE RESISTANCE OF A CONDUCTOR
DEPENDS
• िह कारक विि पर वकसी चालक का प्रवतरोध विभभर करता है
• The resistance of the conductor depends (i) on its length, (ii) on its
area of cross-section, and (iii) on the nature of its material.
• वकसी चालक का प्रवतरोध (i) चालक की लांिाई (ii) उसकी अनुप्रस्थ काट क
े
क्षेत्रफल तथा (iii) उसक
े पदाथय की प्रक
ृ वत पर वनभयर करता है।
• R ∝ l
• R ∝ 1/A
• where p (rho) is a constant of proportionality and is called the
electrical resistivity of the material of the conductor. The SI unit of
resistivity is Ω - m.
• यहााँ ρ (रो) आनुपावत कता म्पस्थराांक है, वजसे चालक क
े पदाथय की िैद् युत प्रवत
रोधकता कहते हैं| प्रवतरोधकता का SI मात्रक Ω m है
• How much work is done in moving a charge of 2 C across two
points having a potential difference 12 V?
• 12 V विभिाांतर क
े दो विांदुओां क
े िीच 2C आिेश को ले जाने में वक तना कायय वकया
जाता है?
Calculate the resistance of a metal wire of length 2 m and area of cross section
1.55 × 10–6 m2, if the resistivity of the metal be 2.8 × 10–8 W m.(Board Term I,
2013)
यवद धातु की प्रवतरोधकता 2.8 × 10–8 W m है, तो 2 मीटर लंबाई और क्रॉस
सेक्शि 1.55 × 10–6 m2 क
े क्षेत्रफल िाले धातु क
े तार क
े प्रवतरोध की गणिा
करें।
• Calculate the resistivity of the material of a wire of length 1 m, radius
0.01 cm and resistance 20 ohms. (Board Term I, 2017)
• लांिाई 1 मीटर, वत्रज्या 0.01 सेमी और प्रवतरोध 20 ओम क
े तार की सामग्री
की प्रवतरोधकता की गणना करें।
• The resistance of a wire of 0.01 cm radius is 10 . If the resistivity of
the material of the wire is 50 × 10–8 ohm meter, find the length of
the wire.
• 0.01 सेमी वत्रज्या क
े एक तार का प्रवतरोध 10 है। यवद तार क
े पदार्भ की प्रवतरोधकता
50 × 10–8 ओम मीटर है, तो लंबाई ज्ञात करें तार का.
A wire has a resistance of 16 ohm. It is melted and drawn into a wire of half its
original length. Calculate the resistance of the new wire. What is the percentage
change in its resistance?
एक तार का प्रवतरोध 16 ओम है। इसे वपघलाकर इसकी मूल लांिाई से आधी लांिाई का तार
िनाया जाता है। नए तार क
े प्रवतरोध की गणना करें। इसमें वकतने प्रवतशत पररितयन हुआ है
प्रवतरोध?
• This can be done in two ways : in series and in parallel.
• In this combination, the resistances are joined end to end.
Thus the second end of each resistance is joined to the first
end of the next resistance, and so on.
• इस सांयोजन में, प्रवतरोधोां को वसरे से अांत तक जोडा जाता है। इस
प्रकार प्रत्येक प्रवतरोध का दू सरा वसरा अगले प्रवतरोध क
े पहले
वसरे से जुड जाता है, और इसी तरह आगे भी।
• In this combination, the same current flows in all the resistances but
the potential differences between their ends are different according
to their resistances.
• इस सांयोजन में सभी प्रवतरोधोां में समान धारा प्रिावहत होती है लेवकन उनक
े
वसरोां क
े िीच विभिाांतर उनक
े प्रवतरोधोां क
े अनुसार अलग-अलग होते हैं।
• Then, according to Ohm’s law we have
• V1 = iR1, V2 = iR2 and V3 = iR3
• V = V1 +V2 +V3 = iR1 + iR2 + iR3 = i (R1 + R2 + R3 ) .... (1)
• The equivalent resistance between points A and D is R. Therefore
• V = iR, iR = i (R1 + R2 + R3 ) .... (2)
• Therefore, R = R1 + R2 + R3
• If the equivalent resistance between the points A and B be
R, then i = V/R
विद् युत धारा का तापीय प्रभाि
• HEATING EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
• विद् युत धारा का तापीय प्रभाि
• When the electric current is passed through a conductor then
conductor gets heated, this effect is known as the heating effect of
current.
• जि वकसी चालक में विद् युत धारा प्रिावहत की जाती है तो चालक गमय हो
जाता है, इस प्रभाि को धारा का तापीय प्रभाि कहते हैं।
• As current flows through a conductor, the free electrons
lose energy which is converted into heat.
• जैसे ही एक क
ां डक्टर क
े माध्यम से धारा प्रिावहत होती है, मुक्त इलेक्टरॉन
ऊजाय खो देते हैं जो पररिवतयत हो जाती है गमी।
• When an electric charge Q moves against a potential difference V, the
amount of work done (W) is given by
• W = Q × V
• According to Ohm’s law, R =V/I
• or potential difference, V = I × R
• Now, substituting the values
• W = I × t × I × R
• H = I^2× R × t is known as Joule’s law of heating.
• It states that the amount of heat produced in a conductor is
• directly proportional to the square of current passing
through it,
• यह िताता है वक उत्पन्न होने िाली ऊष्मा की मात्रा एक क
ां डक्टर इसक
े माध्यम से गुजरने
िाले विद् युत प्रिाह क
े िगय क
े सीधे आनुपावतक होता है,
• directly propotional to the resistance of conductor,
• क
ां डक्टर क
े प्रवतरोध क
े वलए सीधे आनुपावतक,
• directly proportional to the time for which current passed ,
• उस समय क
े सीधे आनुपावतक वजसक
े वलए विद् युत प्रिाह पाररत हुआ,
• Combining eqs.
• Here, constant of proportionality is 1.
ELECTRIC POWER
विद् युत शम्पक्त
• The rate at which electric energy is dissipated or consumed
in an electric circuit. This is termed as electric power,
• िह दर वजस पर विद् युत ऊजाय का विद् युत पररपथ में क्षय या उपभोग होता
है। इसे विद् युत शम्पक्त कहते हैं,
• P = IV,
• According to Ohm’s law V = IR
• the SI unit of power is the watt (W). शम्पक्त की एसआई इकाई िाट है
• Watt is a small unit of power, its other bigger units are Kilowatt (KW),
• Megawatt (MW) and Horsepower (HP).
• 1 kW = 1000 W = 10^3 W
• 1 MW = 1000000 W = 10^6 W
• 1 hp = 746 W
• If 100W – 220V is written on the bulb then it means
that the bulb will consume 100 joule in one second
if used at the potential difference of 220 volts.
• यवद िल्ब पर 100W – 220V वलखा है तो इसका अथय है वक 220 िोल्ट क
े
विभिान्तर पर उपयोग करने पर िल्ब एक सेक
ां ड में 100 जूल की खपत
करेगा।
• DOMESTIC ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
• घरेलू विद् युत सवक
भ ट
• Electricity from power stations is transmitted to homes through high
voltage power lines. Electric potentials as high as 220, 000 V AC are
used. The electrical potential is decreased to 220 V AC with the help
of step-down transformer before it enters the home.
• विजली स्टेशनोां से विजली उच्च िोल्टेज विजली लाइनोां क
े माध्यम से घरोां में
प्रेवित की जाती है। 220, 000 V AC वजतनी उच्च विद् युत क्षमता का उपयोग
वकया जाता है। विद् युत स्टेप-डाउन टराांसफामयर की मदद से क्षमता को
घटाकर 220 V AC कर वदया जाता है इससे पहले वक यह घर में प्रिेश करे।
• A cable containing three colour-coded wires enters the
home. One wire is red, one is black, and one is green. The
red wires are called live wires (or positive). Another wire
with the black insulation is called neutral wires (or
negative). There is an electrical potential difference of 220
V AC between a red and a black wire. The earth wire, which
has insulation of green colour, is usually connected to a
metal plate deep in the earth near the house.
• Fuses and Circuit Breakers फ्यूज
• A fuse is a safety device that acts as a switch. Fuses are
connected into the circuit close to the source. As a result all
the current flowing in the circuit passes through the fuse.
• फ्यूज एक सुरक्षा उपकरण है जो म्पिच क
े रूप में कायय करता है। फ़्यूज़ स्रोत
क
े करीि सवक
य ट में जुडे हुए हैं। पररणामिरूप सवक
य ट में प्रिावहत होने िाली
सभी धाराएाँ फ्यूज से होकर गुजरता है।
• When too much current flows, the fuse heats up sufficiently to bum
out. This creates an air gap and no more current flows.
• How many 176 Ω resistors in parallel are required to
carry 5 A on a 220 V line?
• 220V लाइन पर 5A ले जाने क
े वलए समानाांतर में वकतने 176 Ω
प्रवतरोधोां की आिश्यकता होती है?
• Two conducting wires of the same material and of equal lengths and
equal diameters are first connected in series and then in parallel in a
circuit across the same potential difference. The ratio of heat
produced in series and parallel combinations would be :
• एक ही सामग्री और समान लांिाई और समान व्यास क
े दो सांिाहक तार
पहले श्ृांखला में जुडे होते हैं और वफर समान सांभावित अांतर क
े एक सवक
य ट
में समानाांतर में जुडे होते हैं। श्ृांखला और समानाांतर सांयोजनोां में उत्पन्न ऊष्मा
का अनुपात होगा:
• Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220 V
electric supply line, are rated 10 W. How many lamps can
be connected in parallel with each other across the two
wires of 220 V line if the maximum allowable current is 5
A?
• 220 V विद् युत आपूवतय लाइन पर उपयोग करने क
े वलए वडज़ाइन वकए गए
कई विद् युत िल्बोां को 10 W रेट वकया गया है। 220 V लाइन क
े दो तारोां क
े
पार वकतने लैंप समानाांतर में जोडे जा सकते हैं यवद अवधकतम िीकायय धारा
5 A है?
• Calculate the power used in the 2 Ω resistor in each of the
following circuits:
• (i) a 6 V battery in series with 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors, and
• (ii) a 4 V battery in parallel with 12 Ω and 2 Ω resistors.
• वनम्नवलम्पखत में से प्रत्येक पररपथ में 2 Ω प्रवतरोध में प्रयुक्त शम्पक्त की गणना
करें:
• (i) 1 Ω और 2 Ω प्रवतरोधोां क
े साथ श्ृांखला में 6 V की िैटरी, और
• (ii) 12 Ω और 2 Ω प्रवतरोधोां क
े साथ समानाांतर में 4 V की िैटरी।
• In an electrical circuit, two resistors of 2ohm and 4ohm
respectively are connected in series to a 6V battery. The
heat dissipated by the 4ohm resistor in 5s will be.
• एक विद् युत पररपथ में क्रमशः 2ohm तथा 4ohm क
े दो प्रवतरोधक हैं श्ृांखला
में 6V िैटरी से जुडा है। 4ohm प्रवतरोधक द्वारा 5s में क्षवयत ऊष्मा होगी
• An electric kettle consumes 1 kW of electric power when
operated at 220 V. A fuse wire of what rating must be used
for it?
• एक विद् युत क
े तली 220 V पर सांचावलत होने पर 1 kW विद् युत
शम्पक्त की खपत करती है। इसक
े वलए वकस रेवटांग क
े फ्यूज तार
का उपयोग वकया जाना चावहए?
• (a) 1 A (b) 2 A (c) 4 A (d) 5 A
Electrical resistivity of a given metallic wire
depends upon
वकसी वदए गए धातु क
े तार की विद् युत
प्रवतरोधकता वनभयर करती है
Electricity10.pptx
Electricity10.pptx
Electricity10.pptx

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Electricity10.pptx

  • 2.
  • 3. • ELECTRIC CURRENT विद् युत प्रिाह • We define the electric current, or simply the current, to be the net amount of charges passing per unit time across any section through a conductor. • एकाांक समय में वकसी चालक में आिेश क े प्रिाह की दर को विद् युत धारा कहते हैं| • The SI unit of current is ampere (A), • विद् युत धारा की SI इकाई एम्पीयर (A) है, • In general, smaller units of electric current are often used, such as the milliampere (1mA = 10–3 A) and the microampere (1μA = 10–6 A).
  • 4. • सामान्य तौर पर, विद् युत प्रिाह की छोटी इकाइयोां का अक्सर उपयोग वकया जाता है, जैसे वमलीएम्पम्पयर (1mA = 10–3 A) और माइक्रोएम्पीयर (1μA = 10–6 A)। • (Quantization of charge). • Q = ne • e = 1.6 × 10–19 coulomb. • ELECTRIC POTENTIAL विद् युत विभि • We define the electric potential difference between two points in an • electric circuit carrying some current as the work done to move a unit • charge from one point to the other – • Potential difference (V) between two points = Work done (W)/Charge (Q)
  • 5. • वकसी धारािाही विद् युत पररपथ क े दो विदुओ क े िीच विद् युत विभिाांतर को हम उस कायय द्वारा पररभावि त करते हैं, जो एकाांक आिेश को एक विदु से दू सरे विदु तक लाने में वकया जाता है। • V = W/Q • The SI unit of electric potential difference is volt (V), • विद् युत विभिान्तर का SI मात्रक िोल्ट (V) है। • OHM’S LAW ओम का वियम • It states that the current flowing through a conductor (such as a wire) is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it. • यह िताता है वक वकसी चालक (जैसे वक तार) से िहने िाली धारा उस पर लगाए गए िोल्टेज क े सीधे आनुपावतक होती है,
  • 6. • ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE प्रवतरोध • Resistance refers to the property of a material or component that opposes the flow of electric current. • It is measured in ohms (symbol: Ω). • प्रवतरोध एक सामग्री या घटक की सांपवि को सांदवभयत करता है जो विद् युत प्रिाह क े प्रिाह का विरोध करता है। इसे ओम में मापा जाता है (प्रतीक: Ω)।
  • 7. • FACTORS ON WHICH THE RESISTANCE OF A CONDUCTOR DEPENDS • िह कारक विि पर वकसी चालक का प्रवतरोध विभभर करता है • The resistance of the conductor depends (i) on its length, (ii) on its area of cross-section, and (iii) on the nature of its material. • वकसी चालक का प्रवतरोध (i) चालक की लांिाई (ii) उसकी अनुप्रस्थ काट क े क्षेत्रफल तथा (iii) उसक े पदाथय की प्रक ृ वत पर वनभयर करता है। • R ∝ l • R ∝ 1/A • where p (rho) is a constant of proportionality and is called the electrical resistivity of the material of the conductor. The SI unit of resistivity is Ω - m. • यहााँ ρ (रो) आनुपावत कता म्पस्थराांक है, वजसे चालक क े पदाथय की िैद् युत प्रवत रोधकता कहते हैं| प्रवतरोधकता का SI मात्रक Ω m है
  • 8.
  • 9. • How much work is done in moving a charge of 2 C across two points having a potential difference 12 V? • 12 V विभिाांतर क े दो विांदुओां क े िीच 2C आिेश को ले जाने में वक तना कायय वकया जाता है?
  • 10.
  • 11. Calculate the resistance of a metal wire of length 2 m and area of cross section 1.55 × 10–6 m2, if the resistivity of the metal be 2.8 × 10–8 W m.(Board Term I, 2013) यवद धातु की प्रवतरोधकता 2.8 × 10–8 W m है, तो 2 मीटर लंबाई और क्रॉस सेक्शि 1.55 × 10–6 m2 क े क्षेत्रफल िाले धातु क े तार क े प्रवतरोध की गणिा करें।
  • 12.
  • 13. • Calculate the resistivity of the material of a wire of length 1 m, radius 0.01 cm and resistance 20 ohms. (Board Term I, 2017) • लांिाई 1 मीटर, वत्रज्या 0.01 सेमी और प्रवतरोध 20 ओम क े तार की सामग्री की प्रवतरोधकता की गणना करें। • The resistance of a wire of 0.01 cm radius is 10 . If the resistivity of the material of the wire is 50 × 10–8 ohm meter, find the length of the wire. • 0.01 सेमी वत्रज्या क े एक तार का प्रवतरोध 10 है। यवद तार क े पदार्भ की प्रवतरोधकता 50 × 10–8 ओम मीटर है, तो लंबाई ज्ञात करें तार का. A wire has a resistance of 16 ohm. It is melted and drawn into a wire of half its original length. Calculate the resistance of the new wire. What is the percentage change in its resistance? एक तार का प्रवतरोध 16 ओम है। इसे वपघलाकर इसकी मूल लांिाई से आधी लांिाई का तार िनाया जाता है। नए तार क े प्रवतरोध की गणना करें। इसमें वकतने प्रवतशत पररितयन हुआ है प्रवतरोध?
  • 14. • This can be done in two ways : in series and in parallel.
  • 15. • In this combination, the resistances are joined end to end. Thus the second end of each resistance is joined to the first end of the next resistance, and so on. • इस सांयोजन में, प्रवतरोधोां को वसरे से अांत तक जोडा जाता है। इस प्रकार प्रत्येक प्रवतरोध का दू सरा वसरा अगले प्रवतरोध क े पहले वसरे से जुड जाता है, और इसी तरह आगे भी।
  • 16. • In this combination, the same current flows in all the resistances but the potential differences between their ends are different according to their resistances. • इस सांयोजन में सभी प्रवतरोधोां में समान धारा प्रिावहत होती है लेवकन उनक े वसरोां क े िीच विभिाांतर उनक े प्रवतरोधोां क े अनुसार अलग-अलग होते हैं। • Then, according to Ohm’s law we have • V1 = iR1, V2 = iR2 and V3 = iR3 • V = V1 +V2 +V3 = iR1 + iR2 + iR3 = i (R1 + R2 + R3 ) .... (1) • The equivalent resistance between points A and D is R. Therefore • V = iR, iR = i (R1 + R2 + R3 ) .... (2) • Therefore, R = R1 + R2 + R3
  • 17.
  • 18. • If the equivalent resistance between the points A and B be R, then i = V/R
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. विद् युत धारा का तापीय प्रभाि
  • 22. • HEATING EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT • विद् युत धारा का तापीय प्रभाि • When the electric current is passed through a conductor then conductor gets heated, this effect is known as the heating effect of current. • जि वकसी चालक में विद् युत धारा प्रिावहत की जाती है तो चालक गमय हो जाता है, इस प्रभाि को धारा का तापीय प्रभाि कहते हैं।
  • 23. • As current flows through a conductor, the free electrons lose energy which is converted into heat. • जैसे ही एक क ां डक्टर क े माध्यम से धारा प्रिावहत होती है, मुक्त इलेक्टरॉन ऊजाय खो देते हैं जो पररिवतयत हो जाती है गमी। • When an electric charge Q moves against a potential difference V, the amount of work done (W) is given by • W = Q × V • According to Ohm’s law, R =V/I • or potential difference, V = I × R • Now, substituting the values • W = I × t × I × R • H = I^2× R × t is known as Joule’s law of heating.
  • 24. • It states that the amount of heat produced in a conductor is • directly proportional to the square of current passing through it, • यह िताता है वक उत्पन्न होने िाली ऊष्मा की मात्रा एक क ां डक्टर इसक े माध्यम से गुजरने िाले विद् युत प्रिाह क े िगय क े सीधे आनुपावतक होता है, • directly propotional to the resistance of conductor, • क ां डक्टर क े प्रवतरोध क े वलए सीधे आनुपावतक, • directly proportional to the time for which current passed , • उस समय क े सीधे आनुपावतक वजसक े वलए विद् युत प्रिाह पाररत हुआ, • Combining eqs. • Here, constant of proportionality is 1.
  • 25. ELECTRIC POWER विद् युत शम्पक्त
  • 26. • The rate at which electric energy is dissipated or consumed in an electric circuit. This is termed as electric power, • िह दर वजस पर विद् युत ऊजाय का विद् युत पररपथ में क्षय या उपभोग होता है। इसे विद् युत शम्पक्त कहते हैं, • P = IV, • According to Ohm’s law V = IR • the SI unit of power is the watt (W). शम्पक्त की एसआई इकाई िाट है • Watt is a small unit of power, its other bigger units are Kilowatt (KW), • Megawatt (MW) and Horsepower (HP). • 1 kW = 1000 W = 10^3 W • 1 MW = 1000000 W = 10^6 W • 1 hp = 746 W
  • 27. • If 100W – 220V is written on the bulb then it means that the bulb will consume 100 joule in one second if used at the potential difference of 220 volts. • यवद िल्ब पर 100W – 220V वलखा है तो इसका अथय है वक 220 िोल्ट क े विभिान्तर पर उपयोग करने पर िल्ब एक सेक ां ड में 100 जूल की खपत करेगा।
  • 28. • DOMESTIC ELECTRIC CIRCUITS • घरेलू विद् युत सवक भ ट • Electricity from power stations is transmitted to homes through high voltage power lines. Electric potentials as high as 220, 000 V AC are used. The electrical potential is decreased to 220 V AC with the help of step-down transformer before it enters the home. • विजली स्टेशनोां से विजली उच्च िोल्टेज विजली लाइनोां क े माध्यम से घरोां में प्रेवित की जाती है। 220, 000 V AC वजतनी उच्च विद् युत क्षमता का उपयोग वकया जाता है। विद् युत स्टेप-डाउन टराांसफामयर की मदद से क्षमता को घटाकर 220 V AC कर वदया जाता है इससे पहले वक यह घर में प्रिेश करे।
  • 29. • A cable containing three colour-coded wires enters the home. One wire is red, one is black, and one is green. The red wires are called live wires (or positive). Another wire with the black insulation is called neutral wires (or negative). There is an electrical potential difference of 220 V AC between a red and a black wire. The earth wire, which has insulation of green colour, is usually connected to a metal plate deep in the earth near the house.
  • 30. • Fuses and Circuit Breakers फ्यूज • A fuse is a safety device that acts as a switch. Fuses are connected into the circuit close to the source. As a result all the current flowing in the circuit passes through the fuse. • फ्यूज एक सुरक्षा उपकरण है जो म्पिच क े रूप में कायय करता है। फ़्यूज़ स्रोत क े करीि सवक य ट में जुडे हुए हैं। पररणामिरूप सवक य ट में प्रिावहत होने िाली सभी धाराएाँ फ्यूज से होकर गुजरता है। • When too much current flows, the fuse heats up sufficiently to bum out. This creates an air gap and no more current flows.
  • 31. • How many 176 Ω resistors in parallel are required to carry 5 A on a 220 V line? • 220V लाइन पर 5A ले जाने क े वलए समानाांतर में वकतने 176 Ω प्रवतरोधोां की आिश्यकता होती है?
  • 32. • Two conducting wires of the same material and of equal lengths and equal diameters are first connected in series and then in parallel in a circuit across the same potential difference. The ratio of heat produced in series and parallel combinations would be : • एक ही सामग्री और समान लांिाई और समान व्यास क े दो सांिाहक तार पहले श्ृांखला में जुडे होते हैं और वफर समान सांभावित अांतर क े एक सवक य ट में समानाांतर में जुडे होते हैं। श्ृांखला और समानाांतर सांयोजनोां में उत्पन्न ऊष्मा का अनुपात होगा:
  • 33. • Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220 V electric supply line, are rated 10 W. How many lamps can be connected in parallel with each other across the two wires of 220 V line if the maximum allowable current is 5 A? • 220 V विद् युत आपूवतय लाइन पर उपयोग करने क े वलए वडज़ाइन वकए गए कई विद् युत िल्बोां को 10 W रेट वकया गया है। 220 V लाइन क े दो तारोां क े पार वकतने लैंप समानाांतर में जोडे जा सकते हैं यवद अवधकतम िीकायय धारा 5 A है?
  • 34. • Calculate the power used in the 2 Ω resistor in each of the following circuits: • (i) a 6 V battery in series with 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors, and • (ii) a 4 V battery in parallel with 12 Ω and 2 Ω resistors. • वनम्नवलम्पखत में से प्रत्येक पररपथ में 2 Ω प्रवतरोध में प्रयुक्त शम्पक्त की गणना करें: • (i) 1 Ω और 2 Ω प्रवतरोधोां क े साथ श्ृांखला में 6 V की िैटरी, और • (ii) 12 Ω और 2 Ω प्रवतरोधोां क े साथ समानाांतर में 4 V की िैटरी।
  • 35. • In an electrical circuit, two resistors of 2ohm and 4ohm respectively are connected in series to a 6V battery. The heat dissipated by the 4ohm resistor in 5s will be. • एक विद् युत पररपथ में क्रमशः 2ohm तथा 4ohm क े दो प्रवतरोधक हैं श्ृांखला में 6V िैटरी से जुडा है। 4ohm प्रवतरोधक द्वारा 5s में क्षवयत ऊष्मा होगी
  • 36. • An electric kettle consumes 1 kW of electric power when operated at 220 V. A fuse wire of what rating must be used for it? • एक विद् युत क े तली 220 V पर सांचावलत होने पर 1 kW विद् युत शम्पक्त की खपत करती है। इसक े वलए वकस रेवटांग क े फ्यूज तार का उपयोग वकया जाना चावहए? • (a) 1 A (b) 2 A (c) 4 A (d) 5 A
  • 37.
  • 38. Electrical resistivity of a given metallic wire depends upon वकसी वदए गए धातु क े तार की विद् युत प्रवतरोधकता वनभयर करती है