3. Step 1:
Create your
enquiry
questions
Write your enquiry questions,
which you will answer once you
have analyzed your findings.
You are going to test the three
parts of Bradshaw’s model.
Write the questions you need to
answer about the depth, width
and velocity of the river.
4. Step 2: Select the
fieldwork location
Identify a river to investigate. Use OS map to identify good
places to conduct the fieldwork.
Locations which are safe and
easily accessible, but also
seem to show different river
features, are worthy of
investigation.
8. Measure the speed
• Measure 5 m down the river, then time
how long it takes an item such as a cork
or orange to travel that distance. You
may wish to do this three times and take
an average (add up all three times and
divide the answer by three)
• Speed =
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
• Repeat these surveys at your selected
points along the river so that you can
compare your findings.
9. Step 4: Present
your data
Fore each of the method of data collection, write a few sentences
to describe how you carried out your research.
Then present your data in table.
10. Complete this table by
calculating the speed of the river
for each location.
Site Width (m)
Depth at
midpoint (m)
Time for
orange to
travel 3m (s)
Speed (m/s) Other notes
1 1.0 0.005 88 0.034
Shallow, orange
frequently got stuck
2 0.75 0.045 29
3 1.2 0.03 55
Shallow – orange
got stuck
4 1.2 0.085 25.4
5 3.3 0.04 33
Furthest site from
source
11. Step 5: Analyse
your data table
• Draw graphs to show the width, depth and speed of the
river over the five locations that you have investigated.
12. Step 6: Draw conclusions
• Look again at each of your three enquiry questions and write responses to each using the
evidence you have collected, or the evidence shown in the table.
13. Step 7: Evaluate your fieldwork
and results
Evaluate how the fieldwork was carried out and consider the following:
• Why might the width, depth and speed of the river have not been measured accurately?
• Does this mean your conclusions are not reliable?
• What could you do to make the investigation more accurate?
15. Title
• This is the most vital part of research paper.
• It is to grab the reader’s attention basically as it determines whether the person is going to read your entire research or not.
• While deciding on the title for your research, you must keep in mind that it should indicate the main focus of your research.
16. Title
There are two ways of writing titles for your paper.
• The first one is the descriptive way, which basically states the main focus of your
research.
• The second way is the conclusive way, which portrays the conclusion from paper.
Example:
1.Descriptive title: ‘The effects of social media on youngsters’.
2.Conclusive title: ‘Social media has badly destroyed our youngsters’
17. Abstract
The purpose of this section is to
provide the user with the brief
summary of your paper.
18. Abstract
Methods used – Don’t forget to mention the
methods used in the abstract.
Major results – Try to mention all the major
results of your paper in this section. If
possible, try your level best to proffer reader
the results in form of quantitative information.
Discussion – Choose to write a few lines
discussing your own (author) interpretation of
the presented results.
Final summary – The last but not the least
thing to mention is a brief and a final
summary in this abstract portion. This is
considered the most crucial abstract part and
researchers are going to read this portion to
realize if it is important enough for them to
read it further or not.
