Application Of Database Deployment For A Small Growing...

Application Of Database Deployment For A Small Growing...
Unfortunately, different areas of the business got different pieces of technology to assist in that
growth, and those pieces did not interact with each other. This became a burden for the Chief
Financial and Technical Office, Luis Campuzano. Eventually, the company hired a third–party
programmer to write a custom application that could interpret the data between the databases and
allow FileMaker Pro software to query all of them at once (Rainer, 2012). Crabby Bill's developed
different databases to manage the different types of data that they were using. They had databases
for financial information, keeping track of inventory, and others. This has the advantage that for
someone to access the financial records, they only have to view ... Show more content on
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This is also good security since you can easily just not give those people managing inventory access
to the financial database, whereas if they were stored in the same database, you would need to
configure special permissions on the data, again requiring someone with greater knowledge of
information systems than the typical business owner has. The problems for these multiple databases
arise when you realize that part of your financial information has to do with your inventory. Getting
this data out of one system and into another can be a daunting and time consuming task. This would
likely require someone to manually extract, reorganize, and import the data, just as it did in the case
of Crabby Bill's. This is expensive, as it requires someone's time to perform these actions. It is also
time consuming because the whole process could be automated. In addition to these business
reasons, there also are problems for the data itself. When keeping data in multiple databases you run
into problems of data redundancy, when information extracted from one database is imported into
another, you are keeping the same data repeatedly. This redundancy can also lead to inconsistencies,
if the data is entered incorrectly into one of your databases or changed by one party that only has
access to it on a single database and not on
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Reflection On My Experience Of An Unxamined Life
Summer Reflection
I will not reflect on what I did this summer.
Socrates once said, "An unexamined life is a life not worth living." I must refute. An unexamined
life is the only life worth living. I live my life gazing into the future, unburdened by the past.
In fact, I have never looked into a mirror, never taken a bath, never looked out of a window at night.
When my friends have the hiccups, I take them on a joyride. Switching lanes always cures the
hiccups. Another advantage is you never have to adjust non–existent mirrors. In the glovebox of my
car lies my "reflection free" permit. It prevents me from seeing the cops.
Other people are always so vain, obsessing over how they look. They're transparent, insignificant,
mirages, reflections. However, I am opaque. If I reflected on my summer, it would dilute the
vividness, the complexity, the intrigue.
Actually, my only reflection is that my summer was so fantastic that I regret having to return to
school. Ever since fourth grade when I picked up the name "toilet pants," I've picked up a dislike for
the place. After all, there's only one bathroom without any mirrors–the Great Outdoors.
In life, people claim you need to reflect on a lot of things: college essays, interviews, resumes.
They're wrong. I'm doing fine, right? After resizing the font, this will be around half a page!
So about this assignment on what happened last summer: I cannot write a reflection. I have an
incapability. No, I have an enlightenment. Not writing a reflection is the better decision because it
allows me to avoid being bogged down by the past. Retrospection must not taint my memories.
A reflection isn't something you can keep to yourself, a sequestered treasure nestled in the
subconscious. Society and success demand that we expose ourselves. This exposure can be about the
time my dog died or the time my ice cream fell from the cone or the time my favorite racecar was
stolen. I've never tried reflecting, of course.
Let other people do the reflecting. Why should I have to do the reflecting? Others can reflect for me.
If they tried hard enough, some of my enlightenment might rub off on them. They can reflect on
why I don't reflect.

In my house, there are no family

Examples Of How To Insert A Figure With A Caption
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Sample Chapter 1 % | % | This file provides examples of how to % | – insert a figure with a caption
% | – construct a table with a caption % | – create subsections within the chapter % | – insert a
reference to a Figure or Table % | – make a citation %
+––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––+
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"Chapter Title" below with the title of your chapter. % | LaTeX will automatically number the
chapters. % +––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––+
chapter{Introduction} label{makereference1} section{Context} ... Show more content on
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~citep{LePage:2013} begin{figure}[htb]%t=top, b=bottom, h=here centering
fbox{includegraphics[height=2.5in]{figures/HaitiEarthquake}} caption{Haiti Earthquake}
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Earthquake} % label{fig:sub1} %end{subfigure}% %begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5textwidth} %
centering % includegraphics[width=2.5in]{figures/JapanTsunami} % caption{Japan Tsunami} %
label{fig:sub2} %end{subfigure} %caption{Social Media: The New Face of Disaster Response}
%label{fig:test} %end{figure} Information sharing is critical in emergency situations, in a large
scale events like floods, earthquakes, hurricanes. According to U.S. Department

Study Of Hbase A Nonsql Database Essay
Study of Hbase–A NonSql Database
Abstract:
With the expansion of the internet, there has been an exponential growth in the data being collected
from various social media, searching patterns and online transactions. This rapid growth of data has
become difficult to be handled by relational database, thus they have been replaced with NoSql
databases. The NoSql databases are distributed databases that have the ability to store and process
large volumes of data.
This study is focused on HBase database which is a column–oriented NoSql database. HBase is
Apache's open source database that is modeled after Google's BigTable technology. It uses Java as
the API and is developed on top of the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) to store and process
large quantities of data, maintaining reliability and fault tolerance. This database is being used by
many big enterprises including Facebook, Twitter and Yahoo to store and process large quantities of
data in efficient and cost effective manner.
Together HBase and HDFS allow low cost hardware to be used to provide a reliable and fault
tolerant data management solution that is highly scalable solution to meet the challenges of rapidly
growing data efficaciously.
Keywords: BigData, No Sql database, Hadoop, MapReduce, HBase, HFDS
I. Introduction:
The data managed on the internet has been rising exponentially. Everyday companies collect user
data in large volumes from various sources like online transactions, search queries, mobile

Indexes Are Used From E Commerce Websites
Answer 1
Indexes are used by queries to find data quickly. Indexes are used to boost performance in a
database. Finding an individual record or set of records most efficiently done by Index. Index key is
the reference point where an index is an ordered arrangement of keys and pointers. Each key is
appointed to the location of the data recognized by the key. For example: when we order any
product from E–commerce websites like amazon, we will be assigned an order confirmation ID
which gives the authority to track that particular information on the product till it reaches.
If no index exists on a table, a table scan must be performed for each table referenced in a database
query. The larger the table, the longer a table scan takes because a ... Show more content on
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 The primary key attribute cannot be discretionary which means it should not possess null values.
 The primary key cannot have repeating values which means the attribute may not have more than
one value at a time for a given entity case is prohibited. This is known as the No Repeat Rule.
 Entities with compound primary keys cannot be split into multiple entities with simpler primary
keys. This is called the Smallest Key Rule.
As we know that a foreign key is an attribute that completes a relationship by identifying the parent
entity. Let me explain how to identify the foreign keys that every dependent and subtype entity in
the model must have a foreign key for each relationship in which it participates. Foreign keys are
formed in dependent and subtype entities by migrating the entire primary key from the parent entity.
If the primary key is composite, it may not be split.
Foreign key attributes are not considered to be owned by the entities to which they migrate, because
they are reflections of attributes in the parent entities. Thus, each attribute in an entity is either
owned by that entity or belongs to a foreign key in that entity.
If the primary key of a child entity contains all the attributes in a foreign key, the child entity is said
to be "identifier dependent" on the parent entity, and the relationship is called an "identifying
relationship." If any attributes in a foreign key do not belong to the child 's primary key,

My View Of Philosophy Has Changed My Life
It has been a great eight–week course and my view of Philosophy has changed a lot. I never took a
class like this and learned a lot not only about various Philosopher's but also about myself. This
class allowed me to look inward at myself and reflect on my decisions throughout my life. Learning
about Thoreau, Socrates, Frankl and Pieper and their view and experiences were fun and made me
think about what Philosophy is and why we need it in our lives.
The reading and discussion that had the most impact on my thinking this term was Thoreau's Walden
in which we discussed the meaning of "explore thyself" (Thoreau) and "enslave oneself" (Thoreau)
and the meaning of fulfillment. Thoreau felt that each person's definition of fulfillment was
individual. That one person can feel they lives a fulfilled life by running marathon's and doing iron
men competitions and another would feel the same way by painting or accomplishing a long–term
goal. Thoreau was great at expressing himself through words and could pull you into his world and
assist you in understanding his view and feelings. To explore thyself is a process in which you view
yourself, looking inwardly to find out who you want to be in life. There are many safe roads in the
world, you can follow the pack and be standard or you can make decisions and choices that define
you and only you. By understanding yourself you will find what makes you feel fulfilled not by
anyone else standards but by your own. Once one is happy with

No Need For The Lex Syn Parameter
No Need for the Lex–Syn Parameter: The Case of Reflexivization
Reinhart and Siloni (2005; R&S hereafter) claim that two distinct patterns are observed across
languages regarding reflexivization; and this crosslinguistic variation, according to R&S, can be
attributed to the setting of the Lex(icon)–Syn(tax) Parameter in each language, which determines
whether arity operations like reflexivization should apply in the lexicon or in the syntax.
Specifically, according to R&S, in languages like English where the parameter is set to "lexicon",
reflexivization of ECM verbs or of a dative argument is prohibited while nominalization of reflexive
verbs is allowed. This is shown in (1), (2), and (3), respectively.
(1) *John considers intelligent. (Intended: 'John considers himself intelligent.')
(2) *John sent a letter. (Intended: 'John sent a letter to himself.')
(3) She dresses slowly because she is an elegant dresser. (R&S, 410, (48a))
On the other hand, in languages like French where the parameter is set to "syntax", the reverse
patterns may be observed as shown in (4), (5), and (6).
(4) Jean
Jean
se
SE
considère considers intelligent. intelligent (R&S, 394, (9b))
'Jean considers himself intelligent.'
(5) Jean
Jean
s'est
SE is envoyé sent une a lettre. letter
(R&S, 411, (51b))
'Jean sent a letter to himself.'
(6) Jean
Jean
est is un an excellent excellent habilleur/maquilleur. (R&S, 410, (48b)) dresser/"makeup–er" (of
others only)
In short, R&S's claim is that reflexivization is a

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Data Model
¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬
1. Describe and compare 3 data models outlining their strengths and weaknesses with each other.
Connolly and Begg (2009) defines a data model as "an integrated collection of concepts for
describing and manipulating data, relations between data, and constraints on the data in an
organization." Simply, a data model is a representation of how the different types of data interact.
They can be categorized into three main broad aspects, which are object based, record based and
physical data model. The object based model include the Entity– Relationship, Semantic, Functional
and Object Oriented Model. The record based comprise of Relational Data Model, Network Model
and the Hierarchical Model. The physical data model "describe how data is stored in the computer,
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Similar to the network data model, "data is represented as collections of records and relationships
are represented by sets." This model only permits a node to have one parent, this makes it efficient
for searching if all desired access paths follow the parent–child linkages. This makes one–to–many
relationships well represented within the hierarchical model. The main difference between the
network data model and the hierarchical data model, is that in the network model a child could have
a many to many relationship with its parent entity. Similarly, just like the network data model, the
hierarchical data model is simple and easy to design.
The main limitation of record based data models like the network and hierarchical is "they do not
provide adequate facilities for explicitly specifying constraints on the data" (Connolly 2009).
Another limitation of the network and hierarchical model is that they require "the user to have
knowledge of the physical database being accessed, whereas the relational data model provides a
substantial amount of data independence." (Connolly

Sql Vs. Relational Databases
To SQL or Not to SQL
Relational databases play a major role in making many apps and programs work. They provide an
easy way to store large amounts of data in a consistent, non duplicating, and maintainable way to be
used by developers for analytical or software use ("Advantages of a relational database", n.d.).
However, more and more applications and companies with a tremendous amount of data such as
search engines, social networks, and e–commerce sites have been requiring a level of speed and
scalability that relational databases can not provide ("Why NoSQL?", n.d.). NoSQL is a name given
to a quickly growing type of database known as non–relational databases, which are being used to
store and manage huge amounts of structured, semi–structured, and non–structured data known as
"Big Data" ("Why NoSQL?" n.d.). With the advent of social networks and apps with millions of
users, the rate of growth of non–structured and semi–structured data is exponential, and the value in
being able to quickly traverse it, analyze it, and use it for development is also growing quickly
(McGuire, Manyika, & Chui, 2012).
Fundamentally, relational and non relational databases are very different. Relational databases
generally follow the "ACID" transaction principles, while non–relational databases generally follow
"BASIC" principles (Sasaki, 2015). ACID stands for atomic, consistent, isolated, durable; and
prioritizes data consistency, stability, and accuracy over speed and scalability (Sasaki,

Research : Structured And Unstructured Dataset
There are two types of data in this research: structured and unstructured dataset.
The structured dataset was downloaded from an open source website that is organised by
data.gov.uk. The file provides the information about road safety data of Great Britain in 2014 that
include personal injury, types of vehicle and casualties (data.gov.uk, 2015). It consists of three CSV
files (data.gov.uk, 2015):
DftRoadSafety_Accidents_2014.csv – contain a summary of accidents in Great Britain.
DftRoadSafety_Casualties_201.csv – contain a list of casualties that is related to those specific the
accidents in Great Britain.
DftRoadSafety_Vehicles_2014.csv – contain a list of vehicles that is related to those certain
accidents in Great Britain.
The unstructured dataset was downloaded from data.gov.uk website. It is a dataset of all meta–data
for every dataset that are provided by data.gov.uk service (data.gov.uk, 2010). It consists of two
CSV files that is linked by a dataset name entity: dataset.csv and resources.csv (data.gov.uk, 2010).
In order to obtain a particular data size, a custom record replication process had been done to
generate the following artificial CSV files.
There was not any disposal action taken because the data itself was from an open source that is
available for public.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
The weakness of the relational database was unfolded by the rise of web–driven application (Lake
and Crowther, 2013; Dede et al., 2013), whereas

Database Trends That Will Take The Spotlight This Year
Five Database Trends That Will Take the Spotlight This Year
There's no getting around the fact that we are in the data age. Data is coming at us from all
directions, and in all sorts of shapes and sizes. As technology leaders, we're tasked with answering
complex questions like: How are we going to process all this information? How can we make it
more accessible? And how will we benefit from it?
To further complicate things, new technologies and trends are coming out of the woodwork
everyday. Hundreds of incumbents and startups alike are adding new features, building on top of
emerging open source projects, and claiming to be the next big thing. Within the Hadoop ecosystem,
there are (at least) eleven open source projects alone. And making sense of it all is the last thing you
want spend your spare time on.
To help bring some clarity and peace of mind, we've compiled a list of data trends and movements
that you can expect to see in 2015, and withstand for the long term.
Here are the five database trends that will take the spotlight this year:
In–Memory Computing Becomes Widespread
Dropping prices, undisputed performance, and untapped business value will drive the widespread
adoption of in–memory computing.
Microsoft recently announced it's G–series for cloud instances that go up to 32 cores and 448 GiB of
RAM at a cost of $8.69 per hour. As of right now, Amazon's R3 comparable instance is $2.80 per
hour for 244 GiB of memory with 32 CPU cores, and Google's high

1. Introduction. Reflective Practice Is A Key Part Of Working
1. Introduction
Reflective practice is a key part of working as a health care professional, including speech and
language therapists (SLT), and will be used throughout a practitioner's career as part of their
continuing professional development. It is the practice of experiencing situations and then reflecting
on them, which is how clinicians may enhance their knowledge and skills and, thus, maintain their
competence throughout their career as a practicing therapist (RCSLT, 2003). It is through this
reflective practice that an SLT can progress "from novice to expert" (Tarrant, 2013; p3).
Furthermore, reflective practice is a skill which itself continues to be developed.
Reflective practice and professional development are intrinsically ... Show more content on
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This can be particularly useful in holistic practices used by SLTs where knowledge gained from
other situations and clients may not be appropriate in the current situation; prior preconceptions
about a client may lead to an unexpected outcome that may need to be rectified. The ability to reflect
on an on–going experience will allow the clinician to correct their practices within that situation.
To reflect in action is something all practitioners do; it is a form of professional instinct. In some
cases, this may be as simple as monitoring the level of language used and ensuring it is appropriate
for the specific client. However, to truly monitor and adapt practices simultaneously requires a level
of expertise that a novice SLT may not yet have (Findlay, 2008), as they are more likely to need to
detach themselves from the situation, requiring more time to process situations.
2.2. Reflective Cycle (Gibbs, 1988)
The model provides six stages in which a professional may reflect upon their experiences. It focuses
on the medium of written reflection and comprises: (1) a description of the event; (2) a description
of emotional responses; (3) consideration of the emotional response; (4) analysis, including
academic research, to understand the situation; (5) conclusions drawn from the experience; and (6)
future strategies.
Gibbs' model expands upon Kolb's (1984) Experiential Learning Cycle, and provides methodical
steps to follow,

Database Management Systems And The Block Nested Loop Join
Naveen Kumar Chandragiri Rakesh Singrikonda
Email: nchandr2@kent.edu Email: rsingrik@kent.edu
PROJECT REPORT
BLOCK NESTED LOOP JOIN
December 12,2014
Advance Database Management Systems
Fall 2014
PREPARED BY: NAVEEN KUMAR CHANDRAGIRI RAKESH SINGRIKONDA
Naveen Kumar Chandragiri Rakesh Singrikonda
Email: nchandr2@kent.edu Email: rsingrik@kent.edu
Block Nested Loop Join
1. Abstract:
The project deals with the Block Nested loop Join operation on given relations. In the project, we
used Adventure Works database to demonstrate the results. We observed the execution of the block
nested loop Join. The project also takes into account the technical details of each relations, for
example, what is the tuple size of the relation, what are the total number of blocks allocated for each
relation, what are the number of tuples per block and so on. The algorithm for the Join are detailed
and explored. Also for the algorithm, the best, the worst case is being elaborated. Further, even the
available memory size, allocated memory size, are taken into account while retrieving the tuples
from the relations. The number of Block transfers, and number of I/O seeks required for each
relation are calculated. Finally, these time of each relation in the algorithm are compared to
determine the role of tuples in Block Nested loop join.
2. Implementation:
For the implementation purpose, Adventure Works is used as the database and Java is used for
Programming. Net Beans is used for Java programming and

Word Order in a Noun Phrase and English Anaphors Essay
WORD ORDER IN NP AND ENGLISH ANAPHORS
Tereza Štifnerová The purpose of this essay is firstly to show the word order of a noun phrase (NP)
and how the head noun of the NP can be post– and pre–modified, and secondly to focus on meaning
of some examples of English anaphors and the distinctions between them and their Czech
translations. The first part is going to aim on the internal structure of NPs. Complex nominal phrase
consists of the pre–modifying elements, the head noun and the post–modifying elements. The so–
called pre–modifiers can be divided into two groups: determiners and prenominals. We have to say
that „determiners are obligatory and unique" (Veselovská:86), and they have a specific place in the
noun phrase – they are at the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(11) a. an office of the teacher with the white door b. * an office with the white door of the teacher
In the second part I am going to translate some examples of English anaphors into Czech and then
discuss the meanings of them and I will also try to show the distinctions between English and Czech
forms. Here are the examples in English: (a1) Theyi killed themk. (b1) Theyi killed themselvesi.
(c1) Theyi killed each otheri. And the translation into Czech: (a2) Oni je zabili. (b2) Oni se zabili.
(c2) Oni se zabili (navzájem). The example (a1) has the index i with the pronoun they and the index
k with the accusative case of the pronoun they, which means that the pronoun they have a meaning
of „people", which are NOT the people included in the meaning of them, i.e. them has the so–called
disjoined refference. The following examples (12), (13) and (14) show that in English the
nominative and accusative cases of the pronoun they are used to mark different (groups of) people.
(12) (13) (14) The thievesi killed themk. The thievesi killed the thievesk. *The thievesi killed the
thievesi. → the thieves ≠ them → they are not the same thieves so they cannot have the same index
The example (b1) has the index i in both cases – it means that they and themselves includes the
same people. Because themselves is a reflexive pronoun, we know that the group of people
indicated in they is the same group of people as in themselves. In the example

Examples Of Gibbs Model Of Reflection
Introduction
As part of my ongoing professional and personal development throughout this MA course in
Counselling I need to identify a model of reflective practice that I am comfortable using and use this
framework to reflect on my own experience. I have chosen to use Gibbs' model of reflection (1988)
as the framework for my own experiences and I will therefore be looking in some depth at a
particular counselling situation and describing my thoughts and feelings around that event. I will
look at my own reactions in regard to this event to see where they have come from and I will look at
ways I could have done things differently or ways of developing things a bit further. I will analyse
what went well and what didn't and finally I will look at what I have learnt from this situation and
possibly plan for how I would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gibbs' model of reflection 1988 Stage 1 of the model is where we give a Description of the event
that we wish to reflect on. This needs to be clear and concise, giving a very clear picture of what has
gone on. Here I would describe who was present, what was the context of the event – what exactly
am I reflecting on, what did I say, and what the other person said. This is a fully descriptive account
of what exactly happened.
Stage 2 of the model looks in depth at Feelings. Here I would look at what I was feeling at that
moment in time, what affected my feelings, how I felt about the outcome of the situation, did my
feelings change at all during the process, and what are my feelings now looking back on the
situation.
Stage 3 looks at Evaluation – making a judgement about what has happened. What were the positive
and negative aspects of this situation? Was there anything else that might have made a difference?
This is where I would stand back and get a good sense of how it all went and examine my
judgements a bit more. Why do I think that, where has that thought come from? Where can I go
from here in my interaction with this

The Core Of Any Successful Health Service System
Introduction
The core of any successful health service system's mission is improving health, guarantee quality,
patient care and satisfaction. Health service executives are responsible for clearly defining, tracking,
communicating, and measuring the key performance indicators (KPIs) that indicate how well their
organization is achieving its vision and mission. To do this well, leadership require a 360–degree
perspective of their organization's business performance to view and quickly understand where their
organization compares universally.
The Business Intelligence dashboard is a streamlined, easily accessible, and more accurate and
significant reporting process. It presents the ability to gauge performance, understand the impact of
In the beginning of the 20th century, statisticians dismissed data visualization until the latter half of
the 20th century when computers were invented. The 1960's and 1970's researchers, John W. Tukey
and Jacques Bertin developed the science of information visualization and in the 1980's Edward
Tufte, whose work of The Visual Display of Quantitative Information helped introduce the
Sparkline, the general shape of a trend in a small amount of space. The last two decades have had an
explosion of discovery and in analytics, research, and tools. Alberto Cairo, Stephen Few, and Colin
W., are a few of the distinguished writers and educators in the refining of science and the art of data
visualization. (Hazell J., 2014)
What are Dashboards today?
Dashboards today, are interactive visualizations of several rows of secured data sometimes millions
of rows that are related and are transformed into an at a glance picture. Data are facts connected to
any object inconsideration, for example, a name, age, sex, height, weight, picture, file, or an image
to name a few. The data are stored in a database, a systematic collection of organized data.
The navigational path of the dashboard, designed to be intuitive and interactive this guides the user
through the functionality in a graceful and predictive manner. The visualizations are graphs, maps,
indicators, controls, tab sets, charts, templates, art, spreadsheets, gauges, etc, and have the ability

Relational Database Management System ( Rdbms )
Background
This report provides analysis and evaluation of how Relational Database Management System
(RDBMS) can be applied to improve organization and business effectiveness. The method of
analysis includes basic information of Relational Database Management System and reference of
how database management can bring positive improvement on manage small or large amount of
information in the organization. Also, include a brief information of business those are successful in
their field's thanks of the application of database system in their organizations and recommendations
to apply Relational Database Management System to the company.
Analysis
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is an engine/system based on the relational
model created by Edgar F. Codd in 1970. The major distinguish of this system is the ability to use
tables for data storage while maintain and enforce certain data relationship. Another aspect of this
system is that allow users to insert, update, retrieve, and delete specific content or contents storage
in the database. Also, RDBMS provides relational operator codes that enable the relationship
between two or more entities in a database (Dangerfield & Morris,1990). These system's
characteristics can be applied on business operations improving company management of small and
large amount of information from a specific department or workplace. Relational Database
Management allows monitoring all information flow from that specific department

Technical Guide : Database And Database Essay
Technical guide
Database
It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other objects. The data are
typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring
information, such as modelling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a
hotel with vacancies. It is a structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is
accessible in various ways.
A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed,
and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic,
full–text, numeric, and images. In computing, databases are sometimes classified according to their
organizational approach. The most prevalent approach is the relational database, a tabular database
in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways. A
distributed database is one that can be dispersed or replicated among different points in a network.
An object–oriented programming database is one that is congruent with the data defined in object
classes and subclasses.
Computer databases typically contain aggregations of data records or files, such as sales
transactions, product catalogues and inventories, and customer profiles. Typically, a database
manager provides users the capabilities of controlling read/write access, specifying report
generation, and analysing usage. Databases and

Relational Database Management System (Dbms)
Running head: TERM PROJECT
Term Project and Proposal
Name:
University:
Course:
Date of submission:
Abstract Business corporations often require summarized pieces of data in the form of pivot tables
for efficient and strategic decision–making. However, the use of pivot tables poses certain data
storage problems especially in the light of the need to have the formulas stored with data. This paper
presents one data storage situation where using pivot tables for summarizing data was unsuitable
because the storage was done using a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet, stored in XLS format. The
project purposes to implement the data storage using a database management system, in this case,
Microsoft Access to address the problem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This paper implements the solution using Microsoft Access 2007. In this case, the table would have
each Employee with the values such as Al and Clara, the Date with values like 1/05/2011, and the
Status with values o, wh, and wa. This would result in several records per day but each record would
represent only one Employee. With this form of normalization, it is possible and plain to create the
desired pivot table. In fact, pivot tables generated from this normalized data would be able to answer
questions like "which employee worked away on a certain day of the month?" Unfortunately,
though, this data is stored in a way that the user would not be able to see or even use it at times.
There are many benefits of using a database over spreadsheets for storing this kind of data. The
following is a list of some of these benefits to the sales business and users: * Database management
systems provide for restricted access to * Databases help reduce or avoid data storage redundancy *
Persistent storage of data structures and useful program objects like queries and reports * Databases
help enforce referential and standards * Databases help in representing sophisticated relationship
among vast amounts of data * DBMS provide for database backup and recovery
Data elements to be involved: entities and attributes This database system will center on capturing
employee details with respect to whether

Database System For Sl Consulting
#
#Tables of Contents: Page No.
1. Executive Summary.......................................4
2. Relational Database.......................................4
3. Normalization..............................................5
4. Computer Database.......................................5
5. Steps followed in completing the task...................6
6. Problem faced and solution...............................9
7. Summary...................................................10
8. References..................................................11
Executive Summary:
We were assigned to prepare database system for SL Consulting which is Consulting firm. Mr.
Lalith and Suchit are the owner of SLC, appointed me and my project partner as a consultant to
create safe access database . We had been given some instructions through which we are able to
successfully create ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In understanding the difference of database system from conventional file processing system such as
spread sheet, the following attributes helps to know more about it.
Primary Key:
The unique key which we give to the table and creates relationship with the foreign keys in the other
tables is known as a primary key. It removes the risk of redundancy and duplication of data.
Foreign Key:
Foreign key is the primary key on the other table. It is used to link the table with one another. It
ensures that the record for such transaction is present in the former or master table. Let us see the
following diagram for better understanding–
Figure.1.
In the above table, we can clearly see that Customer ID in the tblTimeSheet is connected to the
Customer ID in the tblcustomer. We can also see the One–to–many and many–to–one relationships
in the relationship database tables above.
Normalization:
Normalization is the process of organizing data in the relational database. The database is split into
tables and record the required information in the given field. The benefit of normalization is that it

reduces data redundancy and dependency of data. (Brett Considine, 2008)
Computer database:
With the increasing requirements of the business world, software developers came up with the
computerized database solution which has multiple built. Computer database reduces the replication
of the data by storing the data at a central location so that everyone can access it

Data Analysis : Data Cleansing
Abstract
Data cleansing is an issue with very critical importance in data mining. It helps in preserving the
quality of data used for data mining. An important sub task of data cleansing is duplicate detection.
Duplication occurs when some real world object has multiple representations in data source. A lots
of work has been done in duplicate detection in structured data such as relational database. But it is
just a recently that the focus has been given on duplicate detection in hierarchical and semi
structured data such as XML. In this paper we provide an overview of different approaches used for
duplicate detection in XML.
Keywords: Data cleansing, duplicate detection, XML, data mining, hierarchical data
1. Introduction
Data mining has become an important process in many business applications and decisions. So to
preserve the quality of data on which data mining is performed becomes essential. Data cleansing
therefore becomes a task of critical importance for the effective as well as efficient data mining.
Duplicate detection is a sub task of data cleansing. Duplicates are the multiple representations of
same real world object in data sources. Duplicates may occur due to various reasons such as
typographical errors or due to inconsistent representations of same real world object. This problem
of duplicate detection has been studied comprehensively for structured data such as relational
databases and lots of work has been done on the same. But this work cannot be applied

Intro to Database Systems Chapter 1 Essay
Chapter 1
1 A. Data = raw fact (pg. 5)
B. Field = a character or group of characters that defines a characteristic of a person, place, or thing.
(pg. 660)
C. Record = a collection of related fields (pg. 666)
D. File = a named collection of related record (pg. 660)
2. Data redundancy is when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places. Spreadsheets
/islands of information lead up to the date redundancy. (pg. 16)
3. Data independence is when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics
without affecting the application program's ability to access the data. It standalone data so it doesn't
need to be link with anything. (pg. 15)
4. DBMS is a collection of programs that manages the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Operational database – a database that is designed primarily to support a company's day to day
operation.
Data warehouse – focuses primarily on storing data used to generate information required to make
tactical or strategic decision. (pg. 9)
9. Hardware, software, people, procedures, and data (pg. 18–20)
10. Metadata is data about data (pg. 7)
11. Better and faster speed also less errors
12. Increased costs, management complexity, maintaining currency, vendor dependence, and
frequent upgrade/replacement.
13. Unstructured data are data that exist in their original state but structured data not. It is the
generation of information. The structured data is more prevalent in a typical business environment.
(pg. 9–10)
14. Self–documentation through metadata, enforcement of data types or domains to ensure
consistency of data within a column, defined relationships among tables, or constraints to ensure
consistency of data across related tables. (pg. 23)
15. It doesn't read your mind. It only received the raw data user put in.
16. Understanding the shortcomings of the file system enables you to understand the development of
modern database. (pg. 14)
Chapter 2
1. Data model is a relatively simple representation, usually graphical, of more complex real world
data structures. It is an iterative, progressive process (pg. 30)

2. Business rule is a brief, precise and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle
within a

Doctor
Assignment: CS Making Business Decisions II
You understand that database technology can dramatically improve your ability to analyze
information, compared to spreadsheet technology, and assist you in developing your strategic plans
for the cafe. To help you familiarize yourself with databases and their associated business value you
need to create a report detailing the basics of databases and why they are better for running a
business than spreadsheet applications. Be sure to provide a detailed explanation of relational
databases along with their associated business advantages.
PROJECT FOCUS:
Once you understand the benefits associated with a relational database you decide to build a small
database to help you track and analyze ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Be sure to provide a detailed explanation of relational databases along with their associated business
advantages.
PROJECT FOCUS:
Once you understand the benefits associated with a relational database you decide to build a small
database to help you track and analyze customer orders and sales information.
Identify the different types of entities, attributes, keys and relationships you will want to consider
when designing the database.
For this assignment, you will NOT create a database. You will list the type of data you want to
collect, group it accordingly, break it into field and determine attributes. Think about how the
different pieces of data relate to one another and what purpose they serve. You may use Excel,
Word, or Visio for this assignment.
Assignment: CS Making Business Decisions II
You understand that database technology can dramatically improve your ability to analyze
information, compared to spreadsheet technology, and assist you in developing your strategic plans
for the cafe. To help you familiarize yourself with databases and their associated business value you
need to create a report detailing the basics of databases and why they are better for running a
business than spreadsheet applications. Be sure to provide a detailed explanation of relational
databases along with their associated business advantages.
PROJECT

White Paper On NSQL: Not Only SQL
White Paper
NOSQL–"NOT ONLY" SQL
JULY 2015
NOSQL–"NOT ONLY" SQL
Contents
ABSTRACT
................................................................................................................................................................
1
1. NoSQL–what does it mean
................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Types of NoSQL databases
................................................................................................................................. 1
2.1 Key–value Stores .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Document–based stores .............................................................................................................. 2
NoSQL DBMSs advantages and Comparison to Relational DBMSs The reason why NoSQL has
been so popular the last few years is mainly because, when a relational database grows out of one
server, it is no longer that easy to use. In other words, they don't scale out very well in a distributed
system. All of the big sites that you mentioned Google, Yahoo, Facebook and Amazon (I don't know
much about Digg) have lots of data and store the data in distributed systems for several reasons. It
could be that the data doesn't fit on one server, or there are requirements for high availability. Here
is a table showing comparison and advantages of NoSQL over relational

Sentiment Analysis Sample
100GB–TB, the data type is usually historical, summarized, multidimensional, integrated and
consolidated. OLAP use complex query, and the underline structure is cube, "in relational database
systems, OLAP cubes are constructed from a fact table and one or more–dimension tables [1]. It is
ad–hoc, and not for everyday repetitive use. The users for OLAP system maybe about hundreds of
people, but the records can be access can reach millions, comparing to OLTP which can have
thousands of users and only can access tens of records. Section III. Unstructured Data Processing
Unstructured data are the data that do not have a recognized structure, they usually contain large
amount of Texts. These types of data increase the level of difficulty to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One of the most important feature of this new software is sentiment Analysis. "Document–level
Sentiment Analysis: Determine the overall sentiment of a piece of text or document, works great on
articles, blogs, reviews and social comments. Aspect–based Sentiment Analysis: Extract specific
aspects from a piece of text and determine the sentiment towards each aspect individually, works
great on airlines, hotels and restaurants." [2]. Another very useful new unstructured data processing
software is IBM SPSS Text Analytics for Surveys. The key features are Automated categorization
and reuse, NLP features, Visualization and collaboration and Data Management. It is specially
designed for analyzing survey which help business grasp the review and comments for statistical
analysis. "The software creates categories or use prebuilt categories for customer, product and
employee satisfaction surveys, can quickly extract key concepts and opinions, and intervene
manually to refine your results, save time and make results more consistent" [3]. Also, it can identify
between positive and negative reviews without reading the whole sentence, and distinguish six
different language surveys, which can be translated to English. Rapid Miner Text Mining and IBM
SPSS Text Analytics for Surveys have characteristic differences from OLTP and

Data, Information, And Knowledge And How They Are...
Students Name: Marsil Hana
1. Describe the terms Data, Information, and Knowledge and how they are related to each other.
Data: is a collection of facts and studies, it can be thought of as a description of the world. For
example, when I say I have brown hair, hazel eyes and live in Chicago, those are all data.
Information: information is much more refined data, because it evolved to the point where it can be
useful and helpful to study a certain case or form of analysis.
Knowledge: it is basically what we know, maybe insights and facts that we've learned in our life, or
some experience that we applied to data and information.
In my opinion, they are related to each other because everything started from facts and our
knowledge on specific topics and facts, and it all evolved to information and helpful data.
2. Describe 5 components of the database system and why they are important part of the system?
1– Data: it's very important because most companies and organizations generate, store and process
large amounts of data.
2– Hardware: it's also an important component because we store our data in the storage devices like
CD, DVD, floppy disk, and all the important parts like the processor and memory.
3– Software: it consists the DBMS that acts as a bridge between the user and DB. It also interacts
with the user through application and programs.
4– People: users are the human beings that need the data and information to help them with their
daily lives and work by interacting

Description Of A Database Management System
Chris Velasquez
MGMT 329
Final Research Paper to Pass
A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of tables, queries, reports, viewings,
and other objects. The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports
processes requiring information, such as modelling the structure of a major business such as
Walmart, and all of its data including things like their inventory, customers, and their employees. A
database management system is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other
applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general purpose database
management system is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and
administration of databases.The Database uses terms that are key for anyone to sift through the
collection of data that any company or business collects. terminology consists of keywords that will
help users select desired pieces of data. The primary key is a special relational database table
column of a collection of columns appointed to individually identify all table records. The primary
key's main features include: it cannot contain a unique value for each row of data, and it cannot
contain null values. The primary key is either an existing table column or a column that is explicitly
initiated by the database according to a defined sequence. The foreign key is a column or group of
columns in a relational database table that implements

Relational Database Management Systems ( Rdbms )
Introduction
Nowadays, data is being generated by multiple sources around us at an alarming rate, be it sensors,
in the form of social media communications or mobile devices. It has become an important part of
an organization, Such data is called big data and the insights from big data can help examine trends,
understand customer preferences and help the organizations take better decisions which results in
better customer service and effective marketing.
Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) provides an efficient way for storage and
processing of data but have limitations when it comes to handling Big Data.
Apache Hadoop is an open source framework and its helps in the distributed processing of
Big Data. Hadoop works on a distributed model, has a built in fault tolerance and handles scalability
very efficiently. It is able to process data of size petabytes with help of its Map
Reduce Programming model and Hadoop distributed File System.
RDMBS even with parallelizing capabilities and sharding the databases do not scale well for large
data sets and are also not cost effective. It is challenging for RDBMS to handle the data size which
has increased to petabytes and exabytes. The content from social media, text, video, audio, etc is in
semi–structured or unstructured format which cannot be handled by RDBMS. Also, big data grows
at a very rapid rate, as an example online retailers maintain records of all the customer interactions
in the form of what

Sqlite Essay
SQLite is an Open Source database. SQLite supports standard relational database features like SQL
syntax, transactions and prepared statements. The database requires limited memory at runtime
(approx. 250 KByte) which makes it a good candidate from being embedded into other runtimes.
SQLite supports the data types TEXT (similar to String in Java), INTEGER (similar to long in Java)
and REAL (similar to double in Java). All other types must be converted into one of these fields
before getting saved in the database. SQLite itself does not validate if the types written to the
columns are actually of the defined type, e.g. you can write an integer into a string column and vice
versa.
SQLite in Android
SQLite is embedded into every Android ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other more familiar database engines run great once you get them going. But doing the initial
installation and configuration can be intimidatingly complex.
Server less
Most SQL database engines are implemented as a separate server process. Programs that want to
access the database communicate with the server using some kind of interprocess communication
(typically TCP/IP) to send requests to the server and to receive back results. SQLite does not work
this way. With SQLite, the process that wants to access the database reads and writes directly from
the database files on disk. There is no intermediary server process.There are advantages and
disadvantages to being server less. The main advantage is that there is no separate server process to
install, setup, configure, initialize, manage, and troubleshoot. This is one reason why SQLite is a
"zero–configuration" database engine. Programs that use SQLite require no administrative support
for setting up the database engine before they are run. Any program that is able to access the disk is
able to use an SQLite database.
On the other hand, a database engine that uses a server can provide better protection from bugs in
the client application – stray pointers in a client cannot corrupt memory on the server. And because a
server is a single persistent process, it is able control database access with more precision, allowing
for finer grain locking and better concurrency.
Most SQL database engines are

Relational Database Of An Ecommerce Website
Kehinde Akinola Department of Computer Science The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso,
Texas, U.S.A. kaakinola@utep.miners.edu Z Specifications derived from the Constraints in a
Relational Database of an ecommerce website?
Abstract– The project is simply derivation of Z specifications form the constraints in a relational
database of an ecommerce website.
An ecommerce website is developed from scratch using modern technology WordPress and
Bootstrap. I developed the website as well as relational database where the products to be displayed
on the website are stored.
I used my computer system as both the client and the server for the proper functioning of the
website. I installed Wampserver on my computer system and placed WordPress on the wampserver
for the proper functioning of the website.
The website is an ecommerce website and has few webpages developed and database where the
contents to be displayed are stored.
These are the databases whose contents will be fetched and displayed on the screen when accessed
by the user or client.
The constraints in the relational database of the website, is transformed as constraints to the of z
specification language.
.
Keywords– formal method, relational database, ecommerce website.
I. AIMS AND MOTIVATIONS
There are several millions of websites available today. It has become so common that there is hardly
a daily work without accessing the internet. There are also several ecommerce websites available.
The most common ones are

Grocery Store Database
Introduction
Florida Food Mart is a medium size grocery store located in Tampa, Florida. The store and
management offices are housed in a 20,000 square foot facility on the North West side of Tampa.
There are approximately 45 employees consisting of 20 Cashiers, 10 Stock Clerks, 8 Bagging
Associates, 3 Shipping and Receiving Clerks, 3 Store Managers, 1 Technician, 2 Purchasing Agents,
1 Accountant, 1 Marketing Director, 1 Vice President, and 1 President. The Database Team has been
assigned the task of upgrading Florida Food Mart's outdated inventory processing system by
designing and implementing a state of the art relational database management system utilizing MS
Access integrated with Florida Food Marts present point–of–sale (POS) ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This system will facilitate increases in productivity that will result in a substantial improvement to
the company's bottom line.
Business Rules
The Database Team has established some business rules as it pertains to the grocery inventory
system. The following list is a comprehensive list of the rules:
· An employee can only be attached to one department
· A purchase order (PO) must be authorized by a designated employee
· A vendor can have an account, even though they may not have supplied the company in some time
· PO may only have one shipping method
· A PO can only have one invoice or shipping/receiving ticket
· A

Reflective Teaching Essay
The importance of reflective teaching "Be a reflective teacher. Honestly look at what you do from
time to time. Evaluate the purpose of your role as a teacher." (Robert John Meenham, 2011) There is
a usual but important cliché for a teacher´s career: a teacher has to be a life–long learner to be an
effective teacher. Research on effective teaching over the past two decades has proved that effective
practice is related to questioning, reflection and continuous professional development. Reflective
practice can be a satisfying experience for a teacher evolution. It covers self–analysis, questioning
one owns methods, assumptions about learning, theories as well as one´s attitudes and behaviour as
a facilitator and communicator, in short making a deep analysis of the actions. Reflecting on
teaching includes the teacher´s thoughts on the successfulness of the lesson planning and the
implementation used to teach. Within the time progression the teacher´s reflection should be more
precise and he or she could ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Making brief notes after the lecture, or making a short list on impressions could be valuable for any
teacher. Sharing is also a great strategy, sharing with other teachers, the school staff or even the
students can be of great use; reflective practice works best when it is shared. Completing some ideas
on a structured piece of paper, even a chart with good and bad points or ideas to implement or
discard can be beneficial. Another plan can be looking for ideas in books, consulting different
resources, and implementing peer learning group to discuss teaching issues; thus the practitioner's
theoretical background would be deeply improved. There are far more other strategies to enhance
the teacher´s work, the mentioned ones could be considered the tip of the iceberg, each educator has
the responsibility to find its own strategies if he or she wants to be the best teacher as he or she can

The Importance Of Reflection
All professionals will find that reflecting on the way they carry out their work can help them
improve the quality of their skills. This is even more important in work involving a continual
increase in understanding, such as fields with ongoing research like osteopathy. ("Ncor" 2017)
Reflecting has become a necessary skill for those in healthcare who want to provide the highest
level of care they can for their patients. It has been proposed that reflection is a more meaningful
method of learning than formal teaching. (Jasper 2003) This essay will question that statement;
briefly describe how to reflect and will contrast the benefits and drawbacks.
Reflection process:
In a healthcare setting reflection is the process of critiquing one's experiences by analysing them
based on the relevant literature. (Reid 1993) Professor Graham Gibbs provides a 6 stage process that
can be followed: (Gibbs' 1988)
Description – simply describe what has happened. It can be useful to describe the experience in the
most matter of fact way so that it can be examined clearly.
Feelings – explain how the incident made you feel.
Evaluation – explain what was good and/or bad about the incident. This will help in identifying
what areas need additional study.
Analysis – what understanding do you have of the incident? This step is crucial in developing skill
but can also be the most challenging. This step requires the practitioner being able to look at the
experience objectively. The nature of being self–critical is that it comes easier to some than it does
for others. Someone with a large ego may have a lot of trouble with this stage but to truly reflect
they will need to learn to be able to criticise themselves. Reflection without critical analysis has
little value as it will serve to mask weak areas of knowledge (Kralik, 2005)
Conclusion – decide whether you could have done anything else.
Action plan – using the knowledge gained from the previous stages prepare for if the situation arises
again.
Strengthening through reflection:
The osteopathic standards (OPS) are put in place to ensure a high standard of care is carried out by
all UK osteopaths. B4 of the OPS states that professional knowledge and skills must be kept up

Relational Database : Assignment : Database
Relational Database – Assignment
Introduction – What is a relational database
It is a database which shows the links and relationships between two sets of data/stored information
in a document or mainly entities. This means e.g. if a computer system has to store a lot of
data/information about people instead of repeating the same row of information which may include
personal or unnecessary things, you will then be able to click on the main primary key data which
then leads to the actual personal things. This is the relationship between the primary key and foreign
key. Ians & Co will benefit with a relational database as it has many links to primary and secondary
data. Ians & Co being a large company will have a lot of data which means it will be harder to
maintain with a simple and old database.
Scenario
A company named Ians & Co employs an IT technician's team to manage their IT groundwork. They
have taken on a new smaller team to do so, we have been asked to create a database suitable for Ians
& Co. For them to have ease in keeping records I will produce a database in which they will be able
to use. To suit the purpose I will choose a certain type of database which can make it easier to do
everything. Also to make it look more modern, and in a way it can be better and easier to read
records and sort it all out. Ians & Co feel that they need a better system which can manage and
observe there records. However doing so will only require using the following things from IT

Implementing Nosql Databases On The Critical Line Of...
The following represent the key reasons for companies to implement NoSQL databases in their
critical line of business applications.
5.1 Amazon
Response times directly impact customer satisfaction and revenue thus are more important today
with businesses having many competitors just a click away. NoSQL solutions like Apache
Cassandra have the ability to write data faster and deliver compared to RDBMS. Amazon found that
every 100ms decrease in site response time gave them 1% more in revenue.
5.2 Ooyala
Scalability and performance go hand in hand, with companies needing to accommodate new users
and data volumes in their line of business applications. Traditional architectures have failed to
predict correctly. Ooyala choose Cassandra over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Netflix, which is one of largest cloud application in the world, uses Cassandra to make sure zero
downtime for its customers, storing 95% of its data in Cassandra.
5.4 Adobe
The term "location independence" means being able to read and write to a database regardless of
where that input/output operation occurs and to have any write functionality propagating from that
location, so that it is available to users and machines at other sites. Such functionality is very
difficult to architect for relational databases. Cassandra allows both read and write capability with its
peer–to–peer architecture and thus delivers true data location independence. Adobe appreciated this
feature and used it in marketing cloud application. It runs it's DataStax Enterprise/Cassandra
database cluster between two data centres just to ensure that its customers can both read as well as
write data fast no matter where they are located.
5.5 NASA
Owing to a flexible data model, ability to accommodate structured, semi–structured and
unstructured data of Cassandra, NASA has deployed it for some specific purposes.
NASA uses it for security applications to track hardware and software patches and deals with data
that is both structured and unstructured and allowed them to insert data much more smoothly than
prior RDBMS, and achieved this with reduced query response.
6. Cost–Benefit Analysis
To derive a cost–benefit analysis, we have compared benefits such as latency, operations/sec

The Case Concerns The Best Barbeque Dinner
We live in a period in which we are all joined over the Internet and hope to discover results
promptly, whether the inquiry concerns the best barbeque dinner for sure to purchase wife for her
birthday. We likewise anticipate that the outcomes will be helpful and custom–made to our needs. In
view of this, organizations have gotten to be centered on conveying more focused on data, for
example, suggestions or online advertisements, and their capacity to do as such specifically impact
their prosperity as a business. Frameworks like Hadoop now empower them to assemble
furthermore, transform petabytes of information, and the need to gather significantly more
information proceeds to increment with, for instance, the improvement of new machine ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These thoughts were then executed outside of Google as a feature of the open source Hadoop
venture: HDFS and MapReduce.
Hadoop exceeds expectations at putting away information of discretionary, or even unstructured
arrangements, since it gives us a chance to choose how to decipher the information at investigation
time, permitting to change the way we order the information whenever: once we have upgraded the
calculations, essentially run the examination once more. Hadoop additionally supplements existing
database frameworks of any sort. It offers a boundless pool into which one can sink information and
still haul out what is required when the time is correct. It is streamlined for substantial document
stockpiling and clump situated, gushing access. This makes investigation simple and quick, however
clients additionally need access to the last information, not in cluster mode however utilizing
arbitrary access–this is similar to a full table sweep versus utilizing files in a database framework
Why RDBMS cannot support huge data sets of today's requirements?
Three V's of Big Data: Volume, Variety and Velocity.
One of the most serious issues with RDBMSs is that they are not yet up to the requests of Big Data.
The volume of obliged information taking care of today is expanding exponentially. Facebook
houses 2.5 PB (Peta Bytes) of transferred photographs. Google forms 26PB of

Pt2520 Unit 6 Steps
Q1. List six major steps that you would take in setting up a database for a particular enterprise.
Following are the six steps that I would take in setting up a database:
1. Requirement analysis
Understanding the business model of enterprise and identifying the entities of that model is the first
step in setting up database. Requirements analysis includes tasks of determining the needs or
conditions to meet. Requirement specification document will be generated at the end of this step.
2. Defining a model
Database model defines the logical structure of the database by determining manner in which the
data will be stored. Relational model is one of the most popular database models, which defines
tables and relationships between the tables.
3. Defining integrity Constraints
Integrity constraints ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Create views
This step includes the task of describing a subset of data for each type of user based on his/her
privileges and requirements. This is done to ensure that no additional information is given to the
user. Views provide a level of abstraction to the database.
6. Initialize the database
After above 5 steps are done, create/initialize the database by adding tuples in appropriate fields.
Q2. Explain the difference between physical and logical data independence.
Data independence is the ability to make changes in the definition and organization of data without
requiring any changes in application programs. Each higher level of the data architecture is immune
to changes of the next lower level of the architecture. Physical and logical data independence differ
in type of changes that can be made without affecting working of higher levels.
Logical data independence is the ability to change logical schema without changing external schema
or user view. In simple words, format used for data storage and format used for data presentation are
independent. Such modifications include adding an attribute in existing table or adding a
relationship between existing

The Importance Of Reflection In Nursing
As higher standards expected are from the public and higher patient safety demands are expected
from health boards, therefore, there is a need for a way of measuring standards of practice which can
be achieved through active thinking in a clinical environment brought about by critical reflection
(Rolfe, Jasper & Freshwater 2011). Reflection has become such a key component in the role of a
nurse that the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) have seen it fit to include it in their
professional code of conduct the Code: Professional Standards of Practice and Behaviour for Nurses
and Midwives, hereafter referred to as the Code (Nursing & Midwifery Council [NMC], 2015).
With reflection being a vital skill for nurses to continue their professional development (Parrish &
Crookes, 2013), an analysis of what it means to reflect within nursing is needed by all who intend to
enter the profession to ensure its effective use is applied. This essay will look at what reflection in
nursing looks like, why we use reflection as a tool, what are the outcomes of reflecting, how we
reflect effectively and what skills are needed. Then, using an experience within practice, a reflective
model will be used to analyse a critical incident relating to consent. In accordance with the
confidentiality measure within 'The code' (NMC, 2015) and to abide by the Data Protection Act
1998, no information will be provided which could allude to the identity of anyone within the
critical incident, thus pseudonyms will be used where appropriate. According to Howston–Jones
(2013) reflection is not something that is out of the ordinary for everyone to do in their everyday
lives. Reflection is the act of looking back on a situation, event or incident critically and making
sense of it to learn from it and alter our actions to gain better outcomes should the same incident
arise again (Capelhow, Crouch, Fisher & Walsh, 2013). As new experiences happen to everyone,
everyday; it would be right to consider reflection as an ongoing process within everyone's life, a
process that is repeated, honed and a skill to be developed (McKenna, 1998). Reflection is a tool
that is used within many disciplines including teaching and within the legal profession

Models of Metadiscourse Essay examples
Metadiscourse has traditionally been defined in general as 'text about text'. This too broad, and
rather imprecise, definition entails a degree of reflexivity with which a text is enabled to refer to or
to talk about itself or its parts. The concept of metadiscourse may have borrowed its reflexivity
property to language in general, which can also function reflexively comment on the language or
verbal system itself. In this reflexive form of language, called 'metalanguage', the metalinguistic
function of language, which is also central to the metadiscourse model used in this study, is most
evident.
The metalinguistic function is one of the six functions of language proposed by Jakobson (1998),
and the other five are expressive, directive, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These functions are apparent in a definition of metadiscourse by Williams (1989: 27–28), a
researcher into metadiscourse who works under this approach: "the language that we use when we
describe what we are doing as we think and write about the content of our primary ideas, or what we
want our readers to be doing as they read. It is writing about reading and writing." Crismore et al
(1993: 39) put more consideration towards the improved readability of text as the main function of
metadiscourse: "for how readers should read, react to, and evaluate what they have written about the
subject matter". Among researchers into metadiscourse who work under the broad approach is
Vande Kopple (1985, 1988), whose classification of metadiscourse into seven kinds has been used
and developed in research by other researchers as well. A brief summary of his taxonomy, adapted
from Adel's summary with her examples (2006: 168–170) will be presented here. The first group is
'Text Connectives', which highlights text organization and relations between one part of a text with
another and connects pieces of information in the text. It comprises four subgroups: Logical
connectors (on the other hand), Announcements (as we shall see, in later chapters), Reminders (the
argument about progress describe above), and Sequencers (First, ... Second, ...). 'Code Glosses' (that
is, contradiction) give signals and hint at rephrasing and interpretations of the text; it anticipates
responses towards the

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