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Digital Content and Intellectual Property




                                  A Law Firm Specialising in Intellectual Property and Information Technology




Amb:IT:ion Project 16 July 2009                                                         Peter Mason
Digital Content and Intellectual Property




• Web 2.0
• Relationships rather than property
 • Artists / Contributors
 • “Users”
 • Third parties
 • All of the above?

• Apportioning Risks and Responsibilities
Digital Content and Intellectual Property




• Basic introduction to intellectual property rights
• Agreements with artists for making digital use of
their works
• User terms in digital content businesses
• Forums and monitoring
• Privacy / data protection
• Using user generated content from third party sites
• Web development
Intellectual Property Rights - The Toolbox




• Copyright
 • Protects text (including software), dramatic, musical, artistic and
 derivative works (e.g. film). Generally not 3-D physical products
 • Arises automatically with no registration necessary and is international
 • Owned by the author or employer if made in the course of employment
 • Any copying of a substantial part is infringement, no matter how many
 changes are made
 • Assignment by writing only, but licences by writing, terms or implication
Intellectual Property Rights - The Toolbox




• Confidential Information
   – What does it protect?
    • Information of a confidential nature
    • Imparted in circumstances of confidence

   – Common law or Contract
   – Why is it useful
    • It is the only kind of protection available for “ideas” alone.
    • It also protects business information like contact lists and
    financial information.
Intellectual Property Rights - The Toolbox




• Trade Marks / Branding Rights
 • Will users, visitors or just those that hear about it think that the services or
 goods come from a common trade source? Will they think the services are
 being “endorsed”?
 • Prevents use of a similar mark on similar goods such as to cause a
 “Likelihood of Confusion”
 • Are the potential customers the same? Is it sold through similar
 channels?
 • How will my customers locate the services? Is brand recognition
 important?
 • You can’t protect descriptive or generic names
Artist / Contributors Agreement




• Permitted (licensed) use
   – Copying
   – Publicly displaying
   – Making available for on-demand use / download?
   – Adapting?
   – Licensing for commercial use?
   – Licensing on Creative Commons type licence only?

• Payment
   – In kind (pooling)
   – Royalty on downloads
   – Advertising percentage
   – Commission on licensing
Artist / Contributors Agreement




• Release / Promotional Commitment?
   – Minimum marketing spend
   – Minimum amount of content made available
   – Position in lists / rankings

• Term and Territory
   – Termination linked to minimum targets?
   – Targets by territory?
Artist / Contributors Agreement




• Warranties
   – As the website operator / distributor you could be liable, therefore...
   – Warranties from the artist that the work is there own etc

• Conflicting Contracts / Competitors
   – Has the artist licensed their work to anyone else? Is this acceptable
   in the future?
   – Again, warranties from the artist
Artist / Contributors Agreement




• Special Considerations for Music and Film
   – Literary, dramatic and musical works
   – Rights in recordings
   – Performer’s rights
   – Membership of societies
User Terms




• Identification and Registration
• User generated content
    – Licence to the website operator to use and edit the content
    – Warranty that the content does not infringe other’s rights, breach
    confidentiality or is obscene etc

• Limitation of liability for other user’s actions /
internet downtime etc
• Incorporation of Artist type terms?
• Disclaimers on areas of the site accessible without
sign-up
User Terms




• Licence of Content to the User
   – Limited to Personal Use etc?
   – Adaptation?
   – Payment (royalties (for commercial use), subscription, paid-for)
   – Creative Commons Licence
      – Attribution
      – Commercial use?
      – Derivatives?
      – Share alike?
      – Can be adapted for your own use, although then don’t call it
      Creative Commons Licence and don’t use their logo
      – Choose the right territory and version.
Forums and Monitoring




• The Risks
   – Liability for defamation
   – Infringement of copyright
   – Breach of confidentiality

• The Defence
   – A mere portal
   – Operator not in pre-publication control
   – Act swiftly when notified to take items down

• The Problem
   – You can’t know or properly investigate if an item is illegal
   – If you’ve been notified, and don’t act you will be liable
   – Chilling effect
Forums and Monitoring




• Practical Steps
   – Adaptable forum rules
   – Monitoring policy for moderators
   – Quick take down procedure
   – Standard letters and procedure to try to facilitate agreement and
   show commitment to trying to protect and enable free speech
Privacy and Data Protection




• “Personal Data”
• Register at the Information Commissioner
• Privacy policy
• Agreements with third party processors
Privacy and Data Protection




• The Eight “Data Protection Principles”
   – Process fairly and lawfully
   – Data obtained for specified and lawful purposes and processed for
   these purposes only
   – Data to be adequate, relevant and not excessive
   – Data to be accurate and, where relevant, up to date
   – Data not kept longer than necessary for the specified purpose
   – Data processed in accordance with data subjects rights
   – Appropriate technical and organisational measures to keep data
   secure and safe
   – Data not to be transferred outside the EEA unless the country offers
   adequate protections
Using user generated content from third
                                                      party sites




• Licence
   – from the copyright owner (e.g. photographer, director,
   artist)
   – consider all relevant rights including rights in recording
   and musical or literary composition

• Release
   – from subjects or performers

• Consider conflicting contracts
   – consider terms of the website the content appears on.
   Do they have exclusivity?
Web Development




• Is your website business critical?
   – Front end / back end
   – Source Code
   – ESCROW
Intellectual Property at Work




• Key Times to think about IP for digital
businesses
   – Business Start Up
     • Contributor’s Agreements / User Terms / Privacy
     Policy
     • Freelancers
     • Trade Mark Registration
   – New Website, Brand Design
     • Development Agreement
     • IP assignment
Briffa




Peter Mason        Briffa
                   Business Design Centre
Solicitor          52 Upper Street
                   Islington
0207 288 6003
                   London
peter@briffa.com   N1 0QH

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Own-It IP Presentation by Peter Mason, Briffa.

  • 1. Digital Content and Intellectual Property A Law Firm Specialising in Intellectual Property and Information Technology Amb:IT:ion Project 16 July 2009 Peter Mason
  • 2. Digital Content and Intellectual Property • Web 2.0 • Relationships rather than property • Artists / Contributors • “Users” • Third parties • All of the above? • Apportioning Risks and Responsibilities
  • 3. Digital Content and Intellectual Property • Basic introduction to intellectual property rights • Agreements with artists for making digital use of their works • User terms in digital content businesses • Forums and monitoring • Privacy / data protection • Using user generated content from third party sites • Web development
  • 4. Intellectual Property Rights - The Toolbox • Copyright • Protects text (including software), dramatic, musical, artistic and derivative works (e.g. film). Generally not 3-D physical products • Arises automatically with no registration necessary and is international • Owned by the author or employer if made in the course of employment • Any copying of a substantial part is infringement, no matter how many changes are made • Assignment by writing only, but licences by writing, terms or implication
  • 5. Intellectual Property Rights - The Toolbox • Confidential Information – What does it protect? • Information of a confidential nature • Imparted in circumstances of confidence – Common law or Contract – Why is it useful • It is the only kind of protection available for “ideas” alone. • It also protects business information like contact lists and financial information.
  • 6. Intellectual Property Rights - The Toolbox • Trade Marks / Branding Rights • Will users, visitors or just those that hear about it think that the services or goods come from a common trade source? Will they think the services are being “endorsed”? • Prevents use of a similar mark on similar goods such as to cause a “Likelihood of Confusion” • Are the potential customers the same? Is it sold through similar channels? • How will my customers locate the services? Is brand recognition important? • You can’t protect descriptive or generic names
  • 7. Artist / Contributors Agreement • Permitted (licensed) use – Copying – Publicly displaying – Making available for on-demand use / download? – Adapting? – Licensing for commercial use? – Licensing on Creative Commons type licence only? • Payment – In kind (pooling) – Royalty on downloads – Advertising percentage – Commission on licensing
  • 8. Artist / Contributors Agreement • Release / Promotional Commitment? – Minimum marketing spend – Minimum amount of content made available – Position in lists / rankings • Term and Territory – Termination linked to minimum targets? – Targets by territory?
  • 9. Artist / Contributors Agreement • Warranties – As the website operator / distributor you could be liable, therefore... – Warranties from the artist that the work is there own etc • Conflicting Contracts / Competitors – Has the artist licensed their work to anyone else? Is this acceptable in the future? – Again, warranties from the artist
  • 10. Artist / Contributors Agreement • Special Considerations for Music and Film – Literary, dramatic and musical works – Rights in recordings – Performer’s rights – Membership of societies
  • 11. User Terms • Identification and Registration • User generated content – Licence to the website operator to use and edit the content – Warranty that the content does not infringe other’s rights, breach confidentiality or is obscene etc • Limitation of liability for other user’s actions / internet downtime etc • Incorporation of Artist type terms? • Disclaimers on areas of the site accessible without sign-up
  • 12. User Terms • Licence of Content to the User – Limited to Personal Use etc? – Adaptation? – Payment (royalties (for commercial use), subscription, paid-for) – Creative Commons Licence – Attribution – Commercial use? – Derivatives? – Share alike? – Can be adapted for your own use, although then don’t call it Creative Commons Licence and don’t use their logo – Choose the right territory and version.
  • 13. Forums and Monitoring • The Risks – Liability for defamation – Infringement of copyright – Breach of confidentiality • The Defence – A mere portal – Operator not in pre-publication control – Act swiftly when notified to take items down • The Problem – You can’t know or properly investigate if an item is illegal – If you’ve been notified, and don’t act you will be liable – Chilling effect
  • 14. Forums and Monitoring • Practical Steps – Adaptable forum rules – Monitoring policy for moderators – Quick take down procedure – Standard letters and procedure to try to facilitate agreement and show commitment to trying to protect and enable free speech
  • 15. Privacy and Data Protection • “Personal Data” • Register at the Information Commissioner • Privacy policy • Agreements with third party processors
  • 16. Privacy and Data Protection • The Eight “Data Protection Principles” – Process fairly and lawfully – Data obtained for specified and lawful purposes and processed for these purposes only – Data to be adequate, relevant and not excessive – Data to be accurate and, where relevant, up to date – Data not kept longer than necessary for the specified purpose – Data processed in accordance with data subjects rights – Appropriate technical and organisational measures to keep data secure and safe – Data not to be transferred outside the EEA unless the country offers adequate protections
  • 17. Using user generated content from third party sites • Licence – from the copyright owner (e.g. photographer, director, artist) – consider all relevant rights including rights in recording and musical or literary composition • Release – from subjects or performers • Consider conflicting contracts – consider terms of the website the content appears on. Do they have exclusivity?
  • 18. Web Development • Is your website business critical? – Front end / back end – Source Code – ESCROW
  • 19. Intellectual Property at Work • Key Times to think about IP for digital businesses – Business Start Up • Contributor’s Agreements / User Terms / Privacy Policy • Freelancers • Trade Mark Registration – New Website, Brand Design • Development Agreement • IP assignment
  • 20. Briffa Peter Mason Briffa Business Design Centre Solicitor 52 Upper Street Islington 0207 288 6003 London peter@briffa.com N1 0QH