3. Broadcast Video to
Cable Headends
Local ISPs
Direct Broadcast TV Video
Last-mile Broadband Contribution
Corporate Data Networks Teleport PSTN
(Interactive & Multicast)
End Users
Teleport Internet
End Users
4. average distance to moon:
384,400 km
Medium Earth Orbit
Altitude: 8,000-20,000 km
Low Earth Orbit
EARTH
Altitude: 500-2,000 km
Geostationary Orbit
Altitude: 35,786 km
Highly Elliptical Orbit
Altitude: >35,786 km
5. Propulsion System
Telemetry, Attitude Control,
Solar Arrays Commanding, Fuel, Batteries, Solar Arrays
Power/Thermal Systems
Transponder Down-converter, High Power, Transponder
Receiver Pre-amplifier, Amplifier, Transmitter
Section Filter Filter Section
RX Antenna TX Antenna
Jakarta Jayapura
Uplink Downlink
Earth Stations / Antennas
9. VSAT / Very Small Aperture Terminal
‣ Two-way satellite communication
‣ Use small dish antennas
(diameter: 75cm-2,4m)
‣ Managed by the HUB
(master earth station)
11. VSAT Network Topologies / Simplex Transmission
Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment
TV Station / HQ Network Affiliated TV Stations
12. VSAT Network Topologies / Point-to-Point Duplex Transmission
Public Network Public Network
Private Network CPE CPE Private Network
Customer Site Customer Site
13. VSAT Network Topologies / Point-to-Multipoint Transmission
CPE CPE CPE
Network or Sites Network or Sites Network or Sites
14. VSAT Network Topologies / Mobile Antenna Service
Public Network
Hub Equipment Private Network
Customer Site
15. VSAT Network Topologies / Star Network
Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment
Public/Private Networks Networks or Sites
16. VSAT Network Topologies / Mesh Network
Hub Equipment Hub Equipment Hub Equipment
Networks or Sites Networks or Sites Networks or Sites
17. Access Methods / FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)
f1 f2 f3
Transponder
f1 f2 f3
18. Access Methods / TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
f1
Transponder
f1
f1
f1 f1
19. Access Methods / CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
------------------------------------------
Transponder
f1 f1 f1 f1
21. Unless you have millions of dollars and a team
of engineers, you have no hope of taking over
commercial or governmental satellites.
If someone did put together the power to try
such a stunt, they would be more likely to
damage a satellite than take it over.
How to Break into Satellites: Not!
Carolyn Meinel’s GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING
Gobbles!
23. employees
management
vendors
customers
spieS
government
network of trust
24. It is worth noting that the most likely cause of damage
to or loss of service from a satellite is the actual operator.
Dan Veeneman
25. Dan Veeneman
Low Earth Orbit Satellites
Dan Veeneman
Future & Existing Satellite Systems
Warezzman
DVB Satellite Hacking
Jim Geovedi, Raditya Iryandi,
Hacking a Bird in the Sky: Hijacking VSAT Connection
Jim Geovedi, Raditya Iryandi, Anthony Zboralski
Hacking a Bird in the Sky: Exploiting Satellite Trust Relationship
Adam Laurie
$atellite Hacking for Fun & Pr0fit!
Leonardo Nve Egea, Christian Martorella
Playing in a Satellite Environment 1.2
Jim Geovedi, Raditya Iryandi
Hacking Satellite: A New Universe to Discover
Jim Geovedi, Raditya Iryandi, Raoul Chiesa
Hacking a Bird in the Sky: The Revenge of Angry Birds
1996 1998 2004 2006 2008 2009 2011
26. Veeneman’s Satellite Hypothetical Attacks
Denial of Service Orbital Positioning Takeover Spare Satellite
Raging Transponder
Spoofing
?
Jam Uplink
Direct Commanding
Overpower Uplink
Command Replay
Jam Downlink
Insertion
27.
28. Satellite TT&C Ground Networks
Frequency
Network Gateway Receivers/Modems
Conversion
Ground
Geolocation Antenna
Digital/Analog
Spectrum
Record and Replay
Monitoring
IP
Network Gateway COMSEC Front-end Processor
Command and Control
31. TRADE FINANCE TREASURY
DATA WAREHOUSING
ANTI MONEY LAUNDERING
REMITTANCE
CORE
CRM
ATM SWITCH
COLLECTION SYSTEM
MOBILE BANKING
INTERNET BANKING
ISLAMIC (SHARIA) BANKING CARD MANAGEMENT
39. The Usual Culprits
People Problems System Problems
Weak Passwords Outdated Systems
Lack of Awareness Insecure Configurations
Lack of Skills Insecure Protocols
42. Framework Goals
‣ Dead or Alive status / checking if the bird is still alive
‣ Protocols / understand which protocols the target is running
‣ Service type / knowing which service we can (ab)use
‣ Distributed IP C&C / widening the coverage
44. Satellite Carrier Monitoring System
‣ Spectrum Analyser and Digital Spectrum Processor
analysis
‣ Reference trace and measurement
‣ Automatic alerts for abnormal and missing carriers
