Slides for a talk given by Fede Fernández & Fran Pérez. It describes some common tips to improve a Kafka and Spark application, going through improving table joins, operational parameters as blockIntervalTime or number of partitions, serializations or how byKey operations work under the scenes.

1. Spark Streaming Tips
for
Devs & Ops

3. WHO ARE WE?
Fede Fernández
Scala Software Engineer at 47 Degrees
Spark Certified Developer
@fede_fdz
Fran Pérez
Scala Software Engineer at 47 Degrees
Spark Certified Developer
@FPerezP

4. Overview
Spark Streaming
Spark + Kafka
groupByKey vs reduceByKey
Table Joins
Serializer
Tunning

5. Spark Streaming
Real-time data processing
Continuous Data Flow
RDD
RDD
RDD
DStream
Output Data

6. Spark + Kafka
● Receiver-based Approach
○ At least once (with Write Ahead Logs)
● Direct API
○ Exactly once

7. Spark + Kafka
● Receiver-based Approach

8. Spark + Kafka
● Direct API

9. groupByKey VS reduceByKey
● groupByKey
○ Groups pairs of data with the same key.
● reduceByKey
○ Groups and combines pairs of data based on a reduce
operation.

10. groupByKey VS reduceByKey
sc.textFile(“hdfs://….”)
.flatMap(_.split(“ “))
.map((_, 1)).groupByKey.map(t => (t._1, t._2.sum))
sc.textFile(“hdfs://….”)
.flatMap(_.split(“ “))
.map((_, 1)).reduceByKey(_ + _)

11. groupByKey
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)

12. groupByKey
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)

13. groupByKey
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
shuffle shuffle

14. groupByKey
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
shuffle shuffle

15. groupByKey
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 5)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 6)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 4)
shuffle shuffle

16. reduceByKey
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)

17. reduceByKey
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 2)
(c, 1)
(s, 2)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 2)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 2)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)

18. reduceByKey
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 2)
(c, 1)
(s, 2)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 2)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 2)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)

19. reduceByKey
(j, 2)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 2)
(s, 2)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 2)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 2)
(c, 1)
(s, 2)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 2)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 2)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
shuffle shuffle

20. reduceByKey
(j, 2)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 5)
(s, 2)
(s, 2)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 6)
(c, 1)
(c, 2)
(c, 1)
(c, 4)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 2)
(c, 1)
(s, 2)
(j, 1)
(s, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(s, 2)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(c, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 2)
(s, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
(j, 1)
(j, 1)
(c, 1)
(s, 1)
shuffle shuffle

21. reduce VS group
● Improve performance
● Can’t always be used
● Out of Memory Exceptions
● aggregateByKey, foldByKey, combineByKey

22. Table Joins
● Typical operations that can be improved
● Need a previous analysis
● There are no silver bullets

23. Table Joins: Medium - Large

24. Table Joins: Medium - Large
FILTER
No Shuffle

25. Table Joins: Small - Large
...
Shuffled Hash Join
sqlContext.sql("explain <select>").collect.mkString(“n”)
[== Physical Plan ==]
[Project]
[+- SortMergeJoin]
[ :- Sort]
[ : +- TungstenExchange hashpartitioning]
[ : +- TungstenExchange RoundRobinPartitioning]
[ : +- ConvertToUnsafe]
[ : +- Scan ExistingRDD]
[ +- Sort]
[ +- TungstenExchange hashpartitioning]
[ +- ConvertToUnsafe]
[ +- Scan ExistingRDD]

26. Table Joins: Small - Large
Broadcast Hash Join
sqlContext.sql("explain <select>").collect.mkString(“n”)
[== Physical Plan ==]
[Project]
[+- BroadcastHashJoin]
[ :- TungstenExchange RoundRobinPartitioning]
[ : +- ConvertToUnsafe]
[ : +- Scan ExistingRDD]
[ +- Scan ParquetRelation]
No shuffle!
By default from Spark 1.4 when using DataFrame API
Prior Spark 1.4
ANALYZE TABLE small_table COMPUTE STATISTICS noscan
Broadcast

27. Table Joins: Small - Large

28. Serializers
● Java’s ObjectOutputStream framework. (Default)
● Custom serializers: extends Serializable & Externalizable.
● KryoSerializer: register your custom classes.
● Where is our code being run?
● Special care to JodaTime.

29. Tuning
Garbage Collector
blockInterval
Partitioning
Storage

30. Tuning: Garbage Collector
• Applications which rely heavily on memory consumption.
• GC Strategies
• Concurrent Mark Sweep (CMS) GC
• ParallelOld GC
• Garbage-First GC
• Tuning steps:
• Review your logic and object management
• Try Garbage-First
• Activate and inspect the logs
Reference: https://databricks.com/blog/2015/05/28/tuning-java-garbage-collection-for-spark-applications.html

31. Tuning: blockInterval
blockInterval = (bi * consumers) / (pf * sc)
● CAT: Total cores per partition.
● bi: Batch Interval time in milliseconds.
● consumers: number of streaming consumers.
● pf (partitionFactor): number of partitions per core.
● sc (sparkCores): CAT - consumers.

32. blockInterval: example
● batchIntervalMillis = 600,000
● consumers = 20
● CAT = 120
● sparkCores = 120 - 20 = 100
● partitionFactor = 3
blockInterval = (bi * consumers) / (pf * sc) =
(600,000 * 20) / (3 * 100) =
40,000

33. Tuning: Partitioning
partitions = consumers * bi / blockInterval
● consumers: number of streaming consumers.
● bi: Batch Interval time in milliseconds.
● blockInterval: time size to split data before storing into
Spark.

34. Partitioning: example
● batchIntervalMillis = 600,000
● consumers = 20
● blockInterval = 40,000
partitions = consumers * bi / blockInterval =
20 * 600,000/ 40,000=
30

35. Tuning: Storage
• Default (MEMORY_ONLY)
• MEMORY_ONLY_SER with Serialization Library
• MEMORY_AND_DISK & DISK_ONLY
• Replicated _2
• OFF_HEAP (Tachyon/Alluxio)

36. Where to find more information?
Spark Official Documentation
Databricks Blog
Databricks Spark Knowledge Base
Spark Notebook - By Andy Petrella
Databricks YouTube Channel

37. QUESTIONS
Fede Fernández
@fede_fdz
fede.f@47deg.com
Fran Pérez
@FPerezP
fran.p@47deg.com
Thanks!